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The Membership of Bulgaria in the European Union: 18 years later : Papers Presented in Bulgarian Language Cover Image

Членството на България в Европейския съюз: 18 години по-късно : Доклади на български език
The Membership of Bulgaria in the European Union: 18 years later : Papers Presented in Bulgarian Language

Contributor(s): Svetla Boneva (Editor), Svetlana Aleksandrova-Zlatanska (Editor), Shkëlqim Fortuzi (Editor), Oğuz Karadeniz (Editor), Victor Verboeket (Editor), Boris Mattoš (Editor), Ping Huang (Editor), Vasil Petkov (Editor), Daniel Danov (Editor), Vesela Todorova (Editor), Paskal Zhelev (Editor), Antoaneta Daneshka (Editor), Dobroslav Mollov (Editor), Aleksandar Hristov (Editor), Silvia Kirova (Editor), Monika Moraliyska (Editor), Stela Zhivkova (Editor), Tzvetomir Tzanov (Editor), Stefan Petrov (Editor), Vasil Gechev (Editor), Valentin Bilyanski (Editor), Christian Zhelev (Editor), Margarita Ivanova (Editor), Ivet Tileva (Editor), Ivan Dimitrov (Editor), Enida Zhugri (Editor), Mykhaylo Kunychka (Editor), Cheng Xiangzhan (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Public Administration, Economic policy, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Green Transformation
ISSN: 2815-2719
Published by: Университет за национално и световно стопанство (УНСС)
Keywords: European Union; Bulgaria; EU Policy; International Economics; Innovations; International trade; Sustainability; Marketing; Business
Summary/Abstract: On 22nd October 2025, the 24rd international scientific conference was held, organized by the Department of "International Economic Relations and Business" at the University of National and World Economy. During the conference, traditionally, the topics were related not only to Bulgaria's membership in the European Union, but also covered a wide range of other issues such as politics, economy, sustainable development, trade, marketing, innovation, technology, etc. It was held under the patronage of the Rector of UNWE, Prof. Dr. Dimitar Dimitrov.

  • Page Count: 520
  • Publication Year: 2026
  • Language: Bulgarian
Новите митове за присъединяването на България към еврозоната

Новите митове за присъединяването на България към еврозоната
(The New Myths for the Bulgaria’s Accession to the Euro Area)

  • Author(s):Kaloyan Simeonov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Economic policy, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
  • Page Range:9-21
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Euro; Euro Area; myths; realities
  • Summary/Abstract:Bulgaria's accession to the eurozone is linked with various and varied myths, most of which are far from reality. Some of them, such as those about the significant increase in prices and the decrease in the standard of living after the introduction of the euro, need a little more time to be debunked. Some of the myths, however, such as those that we are not ready to meet the convergence criteria to join the eurozone, as well as that we will be obliged to change our exchange rate, at which the currency board fixed the Bulgarian lev to the euro, are already history. New myths have also emerged in connection with Bulgaria's membership in the eurozone, and the purpose of this analysis is to present some of them, focusing on those about the digital euro.
България в еврозоната: ключови ефекти върху международното предприемачество

България в еврозоната: ключови ефекти върху международното предприемачество
(Bulgaria in the Eurozone: Key Effects on International Entrepreneurship)

  • Author(s):Margarita Mihaylova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
  • Page Range:22-31
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:international entrepreneurship; currency integration; Bulgaria
  • Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the paper is to explore the impact of Bulgaria’s forthcoming accession to the Eurozone on the conditions for international entrepreneurship in the country. Three central effects are outlined: the reduction of transaction costs; facilitated access to international markets; and increased stability and predictability of the business environment. The paper addresses the potential benefits and challenges for internationally active Bulgarian enterprises arising from these effects. The experience of other member states is analyzed, along with the practical implications for Bulgaria.
Принос на приобщаващото предприемачество към зелената икономика

Принос на приобщаващото предприемачество към зелената икономика
(Inclusive Entrepreneurship Contribution to the Green Economy)

  • Author(s):Silviya Georgieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Environmental and Energy policy, Green Transformation
  • Page Range:32-40
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:inclusive entrepreneurship; women's entrepreneurship; youth entrepreneurship; green economy
  • Summary/Abstract:Solving already obvious environmental problems that are observed all over the world requires active development of the green economy, which needs more new ideas and innovations. Groups that are not so well represented in business, which are often generally defined as inclusive entrepreneurs, can also make their contribution to the field of environmental entrepreneurship. A major share of them are women and young people, who in turn are often tempted by entrepreneurial initiatives with an environmental and social focus. In this regard, the purpose of the publication is to examine and analyze the contribution of women and young people to the green economy.
Бизнес планирането като инструмент за устойчиво развитие на туризма: състояние и перспективи

Бизнес планирането като инструмент за устойчиво развитие на туризма: състояние и перспективи
(Business Planning as A Tool for Sustainable Tourism Development: State and Perspectives)

  • Author(s):Margarita Misheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Tourism
  • Page Range:41-50
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:business planning; sustainable tourism; integration
  • Summary/Abstract:Sustainable tourism development is one of the key priorities on a global scale, requiring a balance between economic benefits, social dimensions, and the protection of the natural and cultural environment. In this context, business planning can serve as a strategic tool to help build a competitive and sustainable tourism sector. This article analyzes the essence of business planning and its role in achieving economic efficiency, social engagement, and environmental responsibility in the context of sustainability. Based on the analysis, the thesis is argued that the integration of business planning into the management of tourism activities can contribute to the sustainable development of organizations and destinations, creating conditions for better coordination between the public sector, business, and local communities.
Възможности на организациите за управление на туристически райони за популяризиране на местния туризъм пред чуждестранни туристи

Възможности на организациите за управление на туристически райони за популяризиране на местния туризъм пред чуждестранни туристи
(Opportunities of Organizations for Management of Tourist Region to Promote Local Tourism to Foreign Tourists)

  • Author(s):Georgi Stanev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Tourism
  • Page Range:51-61
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Organizations for Management of Tourist Region; tourist product; Ministry of Tourism
  • Summary/Abstract:The website of the Ministry of Tourism publishes data on the activities carried out by representatives of the department, but no information is presented on the promotion of tourist destinations through the Organizations for Management of Tourist Region (OMTRs). There is no data related to the financing of these organizations, the assignment of activities in relation to the goals for which they were created, and how the OMTRs contribute to increasing GDP and attracting tourists – Bulgarian and foreign. The purpose of the study is to examine the commitment of the state, represented by the Ministry of Tourism, to the development of the activities of the OMTRs, their contribution to the promotion of the tourism product at the international level, etc.
Икономика на дуалното обучение – добри европейски практики

Икономика на дуалното обучение – добри европейски практики
(Economics of Dual Training – Good European Practices)

  • Author(s):Silvia Toneva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education, National Economy, Vocational Education, State/Government and Education, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:62-70
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:dual training; qualification; employment; good practices
  • Summary/Abstract:The report presents an overview of good practices from European Union member states that promote the broader and more efficient implementation of the dual education system as a source for providing qualified professionals across various economic sectors (industry, tourism, services, etc.). Common to all European countries is that the acquisition of professional qualifications is linked to specific levels of the European Qualifications Framework, which ensures greater transparency and facilitates labor mobility within the EU. The specific characteristics highlight different approaches in planning and implementing dual training, supported by diverse measures and initiatives. Concrete opportunities are proposed for adapting some of these practices within the national education system.
Моделът на обърната класна стая и приложението му в обучението по международна икономика и бизнес

Моделът на обърната класна стая и приложението му в обучението по международна икономика и бизнес
(The Flipped Classroom Model and Its Application in International Economics and Business Training)

  • Author(s):Dobroslav Mollov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Education, Higher Education , Pedagogy
  • Page Range:71-79
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:flipped classroom; communities of practice; knowledge; international economics and business; higher education
  • Summary/Abstract:The flipped classroom model is one of the most promising tools used in higher education. In it, the traditional learning process is flipped – students are given the opportunity to independently prepare for the relevant topic, and during real classes, discussions are held, tasks are solved, case studies are analysed and projects are developed. The report presents the essence of the model and discusses the possibilities for its application in the field of higher education and, more specifically, in teaching international economics and business. The author argues that the model is a successful strategy for modernizing education in this area.
Основни причини Турция да е стратегически партньор за Европeйския съюз

Основни причини Турция да е стратегически партньор за Европeйския съюз
(Main Reasons for Turkey to Be a Strategic Partner for the European Union)

  • Author(s):Petya Vasileva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Geopolitics
  • Page Range:80-90
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:migration; Turkey; European Union; visas; geopolitics
  • Summary/Abstract:Turkey is a strategic partner for the European Union due to its geographical location, economic importance and political role in regional and global security. As a bridge between Europe, the Middle East and the Caucasus, the country controls key transport and energy corridors, including gas and oil pipelines, making it an important factor in the EU's energy security. Turkey also plays a central role in managing migration flows, especially since the 2016 agreement with the EU on refugees from Syria. Its military potential and NATO membership further strengthen its importance for common European and Euro-Atlantic security, and most importantly for the fight against terrorism. Economically, Turkey is a dynamic market with a large population and growing industry, making it an important trade and investment partner for the EU. Despite political disagreements and the delayed process of European integration, cooperation remains vital for the stability and security of both the European Union and Turkey.
Икономически отношения на България с Япония след 2007 г.

Икономически отношения на България с Япония след 2007 г.
(Bulgaria’s Economic Relations with Japan After 2007)

  • Author(s):Raytcho Diankov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Economic policy, International relations/trade
  • Page Range:91-104
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:Bulgarian-Japanese; trade; investment; turnover; economic
  • Summary/Abstract:The subject of this study is Bulgarian-Japanese economic relations after Bulgaria's admission into the EU on January 1, 2007. Expectations for increased economic development are justified for Bulgaria, mainly in its trade relations with the EU member states, but apply to a smaller extent in economic relations with Japan. Even as a member state of one of the largest economic unions in the world, Bulgarian goods have difficulty finding a place on the Japanese market, and services from Bulgarian companies occupy a very small place in bilateral economic relations. The study used data related to imports, exports, trade turnover, trade balance and the main traded goods, as well as significant investments.
Дигитализация и международен бизнес

Дигитализация и международен бизнес
(Digitalization and International Business)

  • Author(s):Dobroslav Mollov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, International relations/trade, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:105-113
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:digitalization; prescriptive analytics; artificial intelligence; global supply chains; international business
  • Summary/Abstract:Today, digitalization is becoming a key factor for successful interaction between participants in foreign markets and increasing their competitiveness. The purpose of the report is to explore the application of two digital technologies – prescriptive analytics and artificial intelligence, in international business. Good practices from leading international companies are presented. The possibility of applying artificial intelligence in international business training in higher education is also commented. The report argues that the skills of organizations to successfully use prescriptive analytics and artificial intelligence increase their positive results and lead to achieving success in the competitive struggle.
Диференцираната интеграция и възходът на евроскептицизма: преосмисляне на бъдещето на Европейския съюз

Диференцираната интеграция и възходът на евроскептицизма: преосмисляне на бъдещето на Европейския съюз
(Differentiated Integration and the Rise of Euroscepticism: Rethinking the Future of the European Union)

  • Author(s):Gergana Radoykova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Political Sciences, Comparative politics, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
  • Page Range:114-122
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:European Union; differentiated integration; Euroscepticism; sovereignty
  • Summary/Abstract:The history of the European Union has consistently been marked by the interplay between deeper integration and the respect for national sovereignty. In recent decades, this dynamic has led to the gradual development of a model of differentiated integration, which allows member states to participate in integration projects at different levels and speeds. While this flexibility has enabled the Union to make progress in key areas such as monetary policy, security, and migration, it has also created new challenges for unity, solidarity, and democratic legitimacy. There is little doubt that differentiated integration is a central theme in the debate on the future of the European project. At the same time, the rise of Euroscepticism—fueled by escalating geopolitical tensions, economic crises, migration pressures, and nationalist, populist rhetoric—raises questions about the very foundations of the Union. This study examines the interrelationship between differentiated integration and Euroscepticism, arguing that while differentiation can serve as a pragmatic tool for managing diversity, it can also reinforce perceptions of inequality and deepen divisions among member states. The analysis assesses whether differentiated integration offers a sustainable path forward for the EU or whether it risks undermining its unity and legitimacy, thereby shaping the Union’s prospects in an era of uncertainty.
Фактори, въздействащи върху производителността на труда в ЕС-27: анализ на панелни данни

Фактори, въздействащи върху производителността на труда в ЕС-27: анализ на панелни данни
(Factors Affecting Labour Productivity in the EU-27: A Panel Data Analysis)

  • Author(s):Maya Tsoklinova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:123-133
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:labour productivity; net income; educational level; health status; panel data; fixed effects
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of this article is to examine the impact of the population’s educational level, health status and net income from work on labour productivity in the European Union (EU) countries. To achieve this goal, annual data from Eurostat and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) for the period 2015 – 2023 for 27 EU member states are used. A panel regression model with fixed time effects is specified. The dependent variable is the labour productivity of one employee, and the factor variables are the annual net income of a four-member family with two working parents and the UNDP Human Development Index (HDI). The latter is perceived as a summary indicator of the health status and educational level of the population. The coefficient of determination of the regression model is 0.567, i.e. about 56.7% of the changes in the value of labour productivity per employee can be explained by the combined influence of the above-mentioned factor variables and fixed time effects. The regression coefficients are statistically significant and provide grounds to conclude that educational level, health status and net labour compensation have a positive impact on labour productivity per employee in the EU 27.
Повтарящите се нарушения на водоподаването към гр. Плевен като пример за неадекватната административна политика в сектор „Води“

Повтарящите се нарушения на водоподаването към гр. Плевен като пример за неадекватната административна политика в сектор „Води“
(The Repeated Violations of the Water Supply at the City of Pleven as an Example of Inadequate Administrative Policy in the „Water“ Sector)

  • Author(s):Stoyan Neychev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Governance, Public Administration
  • Page Range:134-146
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:administrative policy in the Water sector
  • Summary/Abstract:The disruptions in the water supply to the city of Pleven demonstrate a sustainable trend, characteristic even before Bulgaria's accession to the European Union. Both the Union funds and budget expenditures provide targeted funds for improving the condition of the water supply systems in a number of settlements. However, it is characteristic of the city that it continues to experience chronic difficulties in securing sufficient water supplies. Against the background of the above, the administration (both central and local, including the Water and Sewerage Company) demonstrates a recurring inability, bordering on inadequacy in its actions (or lack thereof), to permanently find a sustainable solution to ensure adequate water supply to the city of Pleven.
Влияние на косвените данъци върху икономическия растеж на България

Влияние на косвените данъци върху икономическия растеж на България
(The Impact of Indirect Taxes on the Economic Growth of Bulgaria)

  • Author(s):Kostadin Stanoev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Micro-Economics, Public Finances
  • Page Range:147-157
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Indirect taxes; Economic growth; VAT; Excise duty; Customs duty
  • Summary/Abstract:The report analyzes the impact of VAT, excise duty, and customs duty revenues on economic growth in Bulgaria. The study covers the period from 2001 to 2024, including 24 observations. A vector autoregression model with error correction was applied to calculate the coefficients in the empirical part of the analysis. The results show that VAT has the strongest and most statistically significant impact on economic growth, which highlights its role as a key channel linking consumption, budget revenues, and macroeconomic activity. No sustained long-term relationship between GDP, excise duties, and customs duties has been confirmed.
Актуални тенденции във външнотърговската политика на Съединените Щати

Актуални тенденции във външнотърговската политика на Съединените Щати
(Recent Trends in the Foreign Trade Policy of the United States)

  • Author(s):Delian Tolev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economic policy, International relations/trade, Geopolitics
  • Page Range:158-172
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:Foreign Trade Policy; Protectionism; National Security; Industrial Strategy; Geopolitical Competition
  • Summary/Abstract:This study aims to analyze the evolution and strategic trends in the United States’ foreign trade policy over the past decade. A comparative and historical analysis was employed to assess the policies of the Trump and Biden administrations. The results indicate a shift from aggressive protectionism to strategic industrialism, while maintaining a focus on national security. The findings emphasize that economic resilience and technological independence are key priorities. The applicability of the study relates to the development of effective trade strategies and the adaptation of national policies in the context of geopolitical competition.
Препятствия пред македонските винопроизводители в ЕС: предизвикателства и възмоности

Препятствия пред македонските винопроизводители в ЕС: предизвикателства и възмоности
(Obstacles Facing Macedonian Wine Producers in the EU: Challenges and Opportunities)

  • Author(s):Zlatko Bakev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics, Economy, Agriculture, International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
  • Page Range:173-188
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:North Macedonia; production; wine; export; European integration; EU; economic benefit
  • Summary/Abstract:The study analyzes how wine producers from North Macedonia face the problem of exporting wine to the European market. The research should identify existing problems and possible solutions. The methodology includes documentary analysis. The expectations for overcoming these problems relate to preserving the unique quality and satisfying the qualitative and quantitative properties of the wine, which will be overcome by entering the European Union as the ultimate goal for improving overall economic relations.
Правна регулация на изкуствения интелект в Европейския съюз

Правна регулация на изкуствения интелект в Европейския съюз
(Legal Regulation of Artificial Intelligence in the EU)

  • Author(s):Nikolay Boshnakov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Human Rights and Humanitarian Law, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, EU-Legislation
  • Page Range:189-199
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Artificial Intelligence; European Regulation; Bulgaria; Human Rights
  • Summary/Abstract:Taking into account the prompt expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) to all areas of economic and social life, it is important to clarify what is its nature, what potential risks it poses, and to what extent international legislation adequately responds to its practical application. The paper focuses on this priority issue for the EU. It argues for the need for legal regulation of digital transformation, AI, and the manifestations of the European legal order in the modern digital world in the context of the fundamental question of the scope and protection of the fundamental human rights.
Правни аспекти на трудовата дейност и заплащането в кооперациите: анализ на българския и европейския опит

Правни аспекти на трудовата дейност и заплащането в кооперациите: анализ на българския и европейския опит
(Legal Aspects of Labor and Payment in Cooperatives: Analysis of Bulgarian and European Experience)

  • Author(s):Yordan Stoyanov, Georgi Nikolov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research, Labour and Social Security Law
  • Page Range:200-210
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Cooperatives; Remunerative occupation; wages; employment and nonemployment relationships; social insurance
  • Summary/Abstract:From a historical perspective and within the context of the contemporary economic situation, the cooperative business model is a necessary alternative that provides the opportunity to realize business ideas through the collective efforts of cooperative members and in accordance with their individual capabilities. This paper explores options to enhance the capacity of cooperatives to become a preferred means of pursuing business opportunities, through the joint efforts of groups of individuals, exercising remunerative occupation, optimizing social security and health insurance, increasing income, and improving the living standards of their members. The main goal of the study is to analyse the key challenges faced by cooperatives in distributing the generated benefits and achieving a balance between the pursuit of maximum profits and the provision of fair remuneration and additional social benefits for working cooperative members, as well as to propose strategies for effectively leveraging the strengths of this business model. The expected outcomes include recommendations for optimizing the remuneration payment methods, social insurance and health insurance, profit allocation in the form of dividends, and the effective management of these processes to ensure competitive advantage and long-term sustainability.
Институционален процес на ЕС при формирането на Европейската програма за отбранителна индустрия (EDIP): между централизирана логика и национални интереси

Институционален процес на ЕС при формирането на Европейската програма за отбранителна индустрия (EDIP): между централизирана логика и национални интереси
(The EU Institutional Process in Forming the European Defence Industry Programme (EDIP): Between a Centralized Logic and National Interests)

  • Author(s):Gabriela Stoichkova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, International relations/trade, Security and defense, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
  • Page Range:211-223
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:EDIP; strategic autonomy; defence industry; EU
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the institutional process of shaping the European Defence Industry Programme (EDIP), with a particular focus on the tension between the centralized governance logic of the European Commission and the protection of national interests within the European Parliament. In this context, it is important to distinguish between the role of the Council of the European Union, where national governments defend their national interests through their participation in the decision-making process, and the role of the European Parliament, which serves as a forum for ideological and political debates at the supranational level. The EDIP represents a strategic shift from a traditional regulatory approach to an investment-oriented framework in the field of defence, aimed at strengthening the industrial capacity of the European Union. It serves as a bridge between temporary instruments such as ASAP and EDIRPA and the future Multiannual Financial Framework (2028–2034), marking the beginning of a deeper institutionalization of EU defence integration.
Контролни механизми за превенция на корупцията

Контролни механизми за превенция на корупцията
(Control Mechanisms for the Prevention of Corruption)

  • Author(s):Evgeni Baltov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Governance, Public Administration, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption, Administrative Law
  • Page Range:224-232
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:corruption; prevention; public administration; control mechanisms; transparency
Влияние на Единния европейски патент и Единния патентен съд върху конкурентоспособността на МСП: анализ на първите две години прилагане

Влияние на Единния европейски патент и Единния патентен съд върху конкурентоспособността на МСП: анализ на първите две години прилагане
(Impact of the Unitary European Patent and the Unitary Patent Court on the Competitiveness of SMES: Analysis of the First Two Years of Implementation)

  • Author(s):Zhivko Gradinarov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Law on Economics, EU-Legislation, Commercial Law
  • Page Range:233-243
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Unitary Patent; Unified Patent Court; SMEs; competitiveness; intellectual property
  • Summary/Abstract:The unitary patent (UP) and the Unified Patent Court (UPC) have a dual impact on the competitiveness of SMEs in the EU. On the one hand, they reduce transaction costs and speed up administrative procedures. On the other hand, there is a „unitary risk“ – the possibility of a centralized loss of rights, which increases inequalities vis-à-vis large corporations. The net effect depends on the ability of SMEs to develop effective IP management strategies and on institutional support to overcome information and resource imbalances.
Нефинансовото отчитане като механизъм за интегриране на целите за устойчиво развитие на ООН: предизвикателства пред българските компании

Нефинансовото отчитане като механизъм за интегриране на целите за устойчиво развитие на ООН: предизвикателства пред българските компании
(Non-Financial Reporting as a Mechanism for Integration of the UN Sustainable Development Goals: Challenges for Bulgarian Companies)

  • Author(s):Ilina Mutafchieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Business Economy / Management, Accounting - Business Administration, EU-Legislation, Commercial Law
  • Page Range:244-250
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:sustainability; sustainability goals; non-financial declaration; reporting
  • Summary/Abstract:This report presents a synthesis of the consolidated and defended results from the author’s doctoral dissertation, focusing on the analysis of non-financial statements and the role of corporate reporting as a key mechanism for tracking the actual integration of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into corporate governance. Within the framework of the European Union, through the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), the EU Taxonomy Regulation, and the European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS), non-financial reporting has evolved into a mandatory component of corporate disclosure. The report analyses publicly available non-financial statements of Bulgarian companies, assessing the degree of SDG integration, the frequency of references to specific goals, and the level of detail and measurability of the indicators used. The findings reveal positive trends, yet also highlight several deficiencies – the declarative nature of reporting, limited use of quantitative and qualitative indicators, and partial alignment with EU requirements. The discussion identifies the main barriers faced by companies, including insufficient administrative capacity, lack of expertise, and incomplete compliance with the European standards. In conclusion, the report outlines recommendations aimed at improving the quality, comparability, and reliability of non-financial disclosures, reinforcing their role as a strategic instrument for achieving sustainable corporate transformation.
Виртуална и добавена реалност в управлението на работодателската марка

Виртуална и добавена реалност в управлението на работодателската марка
(Virtual and Augmented Reality in Employer Brand Management)

  • Author(s):Antoaneta Valkanova, Zornitsa Yordanova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Marketing / Advertising, Human Resources in Economy, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:251-258
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:employer brand; virtual reality; augmented reality; attraction; retention
  • Summary/Abstract:Thе paper examines the integration of Virtual and Augmented Reality (VR/AR) into employer branding communication and how they enhance talent attraction and retention. We present a comprehensive theoretical backdrop, a mixed-methods design, empirical findings and discussion. Results indicate that VR/AR reduces applicant uncertainty, increases perceived authenticity and accelerates onboarding, thus improving employer attractiveness and retention. The contributions and limitations are highlighted, as well as guidelines for the practical implementation of virtual and augmented reality in employer brand management.
Специфика на финансирането на ключова дейност – „Образователна мобилност за граждани“ – по програма „Еразъм+“ през периода 2021 – 2027

Специфика на финансирането на ключова дейност – „Образователна мобилност за граждани“ – по програма „Еразъм+“ през периода 2021 – 2027
(Specificity of the Financing of a Key Activity – „Educational Mobility for Citizens“ – under the „Erasmus+“ Programme in the Period 2021 – 2027)

  • Author(s):Antoaneta Nikolova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Higher Education , State/Government and Education, Public Finances, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:259-269
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Erasmus+; mobility; funding; European Union; education
  • Summary/Abstract:The report examines the specifics of funding Key Action 1 „Learning Mobility for Individuals” under the „Erasmus+“ Programme for the 2021 – 2027 period. The aim is to analyze the financial mechanisms, grant rates, and practical challenges faced by beneficiaries. Using an analytical approach based on program documentation and recent economic data, the study concludes that despite an increased budget, the fixed rates do not always meet participants’ real expenses. Recommendations include indexation of grants, more flexible funding, and simplified administrative procedures.
Междукултурната компетентност като критичен фактор за успеха на европейски и международни проекти: възможности за интегриране като KPI

Междукултурната компетентност като критичен фактор за успеха на европейски и международни проекти: възможности за интегриране като KPI
(Intercultural Competence as a Critical Factor for the Success of European and International Projects: Opportunities for Integration as a KPI)

  • Author(s):Radostina Atanasova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:270-277
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:european and international projects; multicultural competence; KPIs; intercultural competence; empathy
  • Summary/Abstract:In the context of globalization, multicultural environments are becoming increasingly important for the success of European and international projects. Developing intercultural competence and empathy is not only crucial soft skill but also strategic indicator of effectiveness. This study analyzes theoretical models and practical examples, emphasizing the need to formalize cultural intelligence and intercultural communication as key success factors. Indicators for measuring communication efficiency, adaptation, and satisfaction are proposed, contributing to more effective management and implementation of international initiatives.
Иновации, предприемачество и дигитална трансформация в търговията с бързооборотни стоки

Иновации, предприемачество и дигитална трансформация в търговията с бързооборотни стоки
(Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Digital Transformation in FMCG)

  • Author(s):Svetoslav Angelov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Marketing / Advertising, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:278-284
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:innovation; digitalization; trade; FMCG; efficiency
  • Summary/Abstract:Fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) trade is one of the most dynamic and competitive sectors in both global economy and in Bulgaria. This sphere of trade relations is intensifying particularly strongly with the entry of foreign products and know-how into the Bulgarian market. In this until recently „analog sector“, the successful implementation of digital technologies and automation systems pave the road to higher efficiency, higher customer satisfaction and more effective management. Investments in the digitalization of retail trade along the entire path of the goods – from producer to consumer, lead to effective changes in the way distributors and traders manage their processes and interact both with each other and with end customers. Digital transformation is irreversible, it has become a key factor in increasing the efficiency, sustainability and competitiveness of trade organizations.
Разширяване на ЕС – европейската интеграция в контекста на двустранните отношения между България и Северна Македония (2017 – 2025)

Разширяване на ЕС – европейската интеграция в контекста на двустранните отношения между България и Северна Македония (2017 – 2025)
(EU Enlargement – European Integration in the Context of Bilateral Relations between Bulgaria and North Macedonia (2017 – 2025))

  • Author(s):Metodiy Ivanov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Geopolitics
  • Page Range:285-296
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:European integration; North Macedonia; Bulgaria; conflicts; constitutional reforms
  • Summary/Abstract:The report examines North Macedonia's EU integration through the prism of its bilateral relations with Bulgaria. Key elements are analyzed – the Treaty of Friendship, Good Neighborliness and Cooperation, the „Bulgarian Veto“, the „French Proposal“, the change of power in Skopje. The methodology uses multi-theoretical framework: neoliberal institutionalism, constructivism, and conflict theory. The aim of this complex approach is to analyze whether and how the European integration process can be used as a tool for resolving such a deep-seated bilateral political dispute. Finally, the paper reviews potential future scenarios and the prospects for Skopje's full membership.
Конкурентоспособност на институционалните механизми за мониторинг и контрол на антикорупционните политики в България – състояние и перспективи

Конкурентоспособност на институционалните механизми за мониторинг и контрол на антикорупционните политики в България – състояние и перспективи
(Competitiveness of Institutional Mechanisms for Monitoring and Controlling Anti-Corruption Policies in Bulgaria – Current Situation and Prospects)

  • Author(s):Sevinch Hristemova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Governance, Public Administration, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
  • Page Range:297-308
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:anti-corruption mechanisms; competitiveness; monitoring and control; Institutional capacity; transparency
  • Summary/Abstract:The competitiveness of institutional mechanisms for monitoring and controlling anti-corruption policies in Bulgaria is a key factor for effective governance and public trust. The country’s anticorruption system includes various institutions and legal instruments aimed at preventing, investigating, and sanctioning corruption practices. Despite progress, the system faces challenges such as weak institutional coordination, limited transparency, and insufficient capacity. Improving integration among control mechanisms, enhancing the legal framework, and strengthening cooperation between state authorities, the European Union, and civil society are essential. Effective monitoring and accountability tools are needed to ensure real prevention and sustainability of results. The future development of Bulgaria’s anti-corruption system depends on its ability to adopt good international practices, reinforce institutional independence, and increase public confidence through transparency and responsibility. This will contribute to greater competitiveness and long-term stability in public governance.
Бюджет на програмата Еразъм плюс за ключови дейности – мобилност за периода 2021 – 2027 г. Сравнение по държави

Бюджет на програмата Еразъм плюс за ключови дейности – мобилност за периода 2021 – 2027 г. Сравнение по държави
(Erasmus Plus Budget for Key Activities – Mobility for the Period 2021 – 2027. Comparison by Country)

  • Author(s):Antoaneta Nikolova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Higher Education , State/Government and Education, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Public Finances, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:309-319
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:Erasmus+; mobility; funding; European Union; education
  • Summary/Abstract:The report examines the specifics of funding Key Action 1 „Learning Mobility for Individuals” under the Erasmus+ Programme for the 2021 – 2027 period. The aim is to analyze the financial mechanisms, grant rates, and practical challenges faced by beneficiaries. Using an analytical approach based on program documentation and recent economic data, the study concludes that despite an increased budget, the fixed rates do not always meet participants’ real expenses. Recommendations include indexation of grants, more flexible funding, and simplified administrative procedures.
Бъдещето на банкирането. Дигиталната банка

Бъдещето на банкирането. Дигиталната банка
(The Future of Banking: The Digital Bank)

  • Author(s):Ivelina Kavurska
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:320-330
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:digital banking; fintech; mobile banking; neobanks; digital transformation
  • Summary/Abstract:This study explores the future of banking in the context of digital transformation and the growing importance of digital banks (neobanks). Through a systematic literature review and analysis of realworld case studies, including Revolut’s entry into the Bulgarian market, it assesses the impact of mobile banking, AI, and blockchain on consumer behavior, revenues, and the strategies of traditional banks. The results confirm that digital banking is reshaping the financial services paradigm and outlining new hybrid business models. The study has practical relevance for bankers, fintech companies, and regulators, offering guidance for adaptation and sustainable development.
Динамика и детерминанти на необслужваните кредити в ЕС и еврозоната в периода 2004 – 2023 г.

Динамика и детерминанти на необслужваните кредити в ЕС и еврозоната в периода 2004 – 2023 г.
(Dynamics and Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in the EU and the Euro Area in the Period 2004 – 2023)

  • Author(s):Pavel Tabakov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:331-344
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:non-performing loans; banking stability; macroeconomic factors; comparative analysis; credit risk
  • Summary/Abstract:This report examines the dynamics of non-performing loans in the European Union and the Euro area over the period 2004 – 2023. It defines the concept and assesses its impact on banking stability and economic development. Particular emphasis is placed on key macroeconomic and financial factors, including crises, inflation, exchange rate volatility, and interest rate fluctuations. The empirical section provides a comparative analysis between the EU and the Euro area, aiming to identify common patterns and formulate effective policy measures for credit risk management and enhancing the resilience of the banking sector.
Нагласи на българските потребители към компаниите, интегриращи целите за устойчиво развитие на ООН

Нагласи на българските потребители към компаниите, интегриращи целите за устойчиво развитие на ООН
(Bulgarian Consumers' Attitudes Towards Companies Integrating the UN Sustainable Development Goals)

  • Author(s):Ilina Mutafchieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Marketing / Advertising, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:345-358
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:sustainability; sustainable development goals; consumer attitudes; sustainable development
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper presents a summary of the consolidated and defended results from the author’s doctoral dissertation, focusing primarily on the outcomes of a survey examining the attitudes of Bulgarian consumers towards companies that integrate the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) into their management and business practices. The main objective is to assess the extent to which consumers are informed about the SDGs, how they perceive corporate sustainability efforts, and whether these factors influence their purchasing decisions. The survey includes questions related to the level of awareness of the SDGs, trust in nonfinancial reporting, and the willingness to support companies that adhere to environmental and social standards. The findings indicate that, although interest in sustainability is growing, public awareness remains limited, and consumer behaviour is still largely influenced by price considerations rather than by sustainable business practices. At the same time, younger and more educated groups demonstrate greater sensitivity to environmental and social responsibility issues. In conclusion, the study highlights that consumers in Bulgaria can become an important driver of sustainable transformation, provided that businesses communicate their sustainability initiatives more actively and that trust in corporate sustainability and non-financial disclosures is strengthened.
Предизвикателства и ограничения пред участието на България в инициативата „Три морета“

Предизвикателства и ограничения пред участието на България в инициативата „Три морета“
(Challenges and Limitations of Bulgaria’a s Participation in the Three Seas Initiative)

  • Author(s):Stela Nikolova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Geopolitics
  • Page Range:359-368
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Bulgaria; regional cooperation; infrastructure; energy dependence; geopolitics
  • Summary/Abstract:Bulgaria`s participation in the Three Seas Initiative is of strategic importance, however it is faced with several challenges. The main challenges include low public awareness, political tension and disagreements and the influence of geopolitical factors. Bulgaria needs to remain balanced between its infrastructural ambitions and its energy dependence on Russia, which limits its full engagement in the initiative. Homeland discussions of the initiative remain relatively dull, and the lack of concrete project proposals restrict the country`s ability to fully benefit from its participation. Nevertheless, Bulgaria continues to play an important role in the regional cooperation, highlighting the need for more clearly defined national objectives and more effective communication of the initiative`s benefits and long- term prospects.
Програма „Еразъм“ като двигател на международен обмен сред българската академична общност: развитие и тенденции

Програма „Еразъм“ като двигател на международен обмен сред българската академична общност: развитие и тенденции
(The Erasmus Program as a Driver of International Exchange Within the Bulgarian Academic Community: Development and Trends)

  • Author(s):Desislava Mihaylova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Social Sciences, Education, Higher Education , EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Sociology of Education
  • Page Range:369-377
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:academic mobility; international education
  • Summary/Abstract:In the context of globalization, international exchange in the field of education is becoming a leading mechanism for the dissemination of knowledge and the building of a global academic community. It serves as a powerful tool for cultural interaction and the creation of cross-border learning opportunities. For decades international mobility has been regarded as synonymous with opportunity and perhaps the most recognizable program in this regard in Europe is undoubtedly Erasmus/Erasmus+. The Erasmus program was established in the late 1980s as a student mobility initiative – enabling study at a foreign European university for a defined period. The idea evolved into a comprehensive concept, now known as Erasmus+. The latter represents a broader framework that integrates previous programs for transnational cooperation and mobility in the fields of education, vocational training, youth activities and sports, expanding its scope beyond the borders of Europe. This report focuses on student mobility and academic exchange, while other areas included in the program are not subject to the current analysis.
Поколенчески разлики при потребителите на услуги

Поколенчески разлики при потребителите на услуги
(Generational Differences Among the Users of Services)

  • Author(s):Iliyan Boychev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Marketing / Advertising, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:378-389
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:sales; generations; values; users; services
  • Summary/Abstract:In an attempt to understand people, their behavior, beliefs, values, and views, in the early 1990s, Americans Neil Howe and William Strauss first presented the theory of generations and the differences between them. They formulated the thesis that historical events and subsequent changes influence and shape certain generational characteristics. Each generation represents a kind of era that lasts about 20 – 30 years, but given the fact that each subsequent era is more dynamic than the previous one, the time frames of the periods are shortened, and the differences and changes are becoming more tangible and intense. Although this theory has its critics, today it is widely used in business as a tool for categorizing types of users. Based on the different generational characteristics, companies develop their strategies and plan their approaches related to achieving commercial results and realizing the set goals. Different generations – Baby Boomers, X, Y (Millennials), Z and Alpha – demonstrate clear differentiation in terms of preferences, attitudes and expectations towards the services they use. These differences are determined by socio-economic conditions, technological advances and cultural context, characterizing the time period of personal growth and maturation of each generation. Understanding generational differences is an important condition for adapting a business to the services market in relation to the implementation of more effective marketing, higher quality and long-term sales, higher customer satisfaction and more accurate targeting of services.
Регулаторна конвергенция при услугите в контекста на EVFTA – перспективи и предизвикателства

Регулаторна конвергенция при услугите в контекста на EVFTA – перспективи и предизвикателства
(Regulatory Convergence in Services in the Context of EVFTA – Prospects and Challenges)

  • Author(s):Miroslava Tsaneva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Business Economy / Management, International relations/trade, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
  • Page Range:390-400
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:EVFTA; regulatory convergence; services; European Union; Vietnam
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper seeks to analyse regulatory convergence in services within the EU – Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) as a specific case of economic integration. The study draws on a review of academic publications and institutional documents issued by the major international economic organisations. Its aim is, through a theoretical clarification of the concept of so-called „new trade agreements,” to examine EVFTA as a new-generation agreement in which services liberalization features prominently. The principles and mechanisms of regulatory alignment between the EU and Vietnam suggest favourable prospects at this still early stage of implementation. Despite the positive dynamics in bilateral trade relations, challenges persist, and the upward trajectory of this process ultimately depends on Vietnam’s political will.
Международните пазари на селскостопански стоки – специфики, тенденции и перспективи

Международните пазари на селскостопански стоки – специфики, тенденции и перспективи
(International Agricultural Markets – Peculiarities, Trends and Perspectives)

  • Author(s):Ivan Stoev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Agriculture
  • Page Range:401-414
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:agriculture; green revolution; gene revolution; agrarian cycles
  • Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the study is to present and analyze the main principles, regularities and features of the international markets of agricultural products. The research focuses on examining the place of agriculture in the international labor division and specifically brings out the methodological features of studying various aspects of international markets of agricultural goods. The importance of the green and gene revolution is revealed. The features of the production process and the specifics of agrarian cycles are presented. The significance of the low degree of capital concentration in the sector is analyzed and it is proved that market factors have a much greater impact than general economic ones.
Ролята на европейските програми за модернизацията на българската икономика

Ролята на европейските програми за модернизацията на българската икономика
(The Role of European Programs in the Modernization of the Bulgarian Economy)

  • Author(s):Ivaylo Georgiev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, Economic policy, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
  • Page Range:415-422
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:European programs; modernization; Bulgarian economy
  • Summary/Abstract:The present study aims to analyze the role of European programmes in the modernization of the Bulgarian economy and their importance for the sustainable development of the country. The main objectives are to trace the funding priorities, to examine the effects on key sectors, and to identify the challenges in the absorption of financial resources. The research is based on a review of official documents and statistics from the European Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and national institutions, as well as on analytical publications and articles. The information is processed and summarized through independent interpretation in order to avoid literal reproduction and to place emphasis on the analysis of the data. The results show that European funds have a direct impact on infrastructure, digitalization, energy efficiency, and the support of small and medium-sized enterprises. At the same time, challenges such as delayed procedures, bureaucratic obstacles, and risks of inefficient use of resources are evident.The report examines the possibilities for building a new financial architecture within the BRICS framework. The main goal is to analyze the group’s pursuit of greater financial independence and the reduction of its reliance on the US dollar, known as „de-dollarization.” For this purpose, the report applies analytical and comparative methods, drawing on recent data and examples. The analysis shows that BRICS is strengthening its economic influence, but the idea of a common currency remains a challenge. In conclusion, it is noted that this process could contribute to a more balanced global financial system.
Туризмът като фактор в международните икономически отношения

Туризмът като фактор в международните икономически отношения
(Tourism as a Factor in International Economic Relations)

  • Author(s):Viktoria Ilieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, International relations/trade, Tourism
  • Page Range:423-429
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:tourism; international economic relations; economic growth; balance of payments
  • Summary/Abstract:Tourism is one of the most important sectors of the global economy because it connects different countries and cultures. It creates jobs, generates income, and stimulates the development of local businesses such as hotels, restaurants, shops, and transport services. Many countries rely on tourism as a main source of revenue, especially those with beautiful natural and historical landmarks that attract more and more visitors each year. International tourism also encourages economic relations between nations. People travel, exchange money and cultures, making the world more connected and open. In addition, tourism often leads to investments in infrastructure – new roads, airports, and public services that improve the lives of local people. Despite its benefits, tourism also has negative effects such as overuse of natural resources, pollution, and excessive commercialization of some destinations. That is why there is growing focus today on sustainable tourism, which aims to balance economic benefits with the protection of nature and cultural heritage.
БРИКС и възможностите за създаване на нова финансова архитектура

БРИКС и възможностите за създаване на нова финансова архитектура
(BRICS and the Opportunities for Creating a New Financial Architecture)

  • Author(s):Ivana Madoleva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Political Theory, Political economy, Financial Markets, Geopolitics
  • Page Range:430-437
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:BRICS; financial architecture; de-dollarization; financial independence; global economy
  • Summary/Abstract:The report examines the possibilities for building a new financial architecture within the BRICS framework. The main goal is to analyze the group’s pursuit of greater financial independence and the reduction of its reliance on the US dollar, known as „de-dollarization.” For this purpose, the report applies analytical and comparative methods, drawing on recent data and examples. The analysis shows that BRICS is strengthening its economic influence, but the idea of a common currency remains a challenge. In conclusion, it is noted that this process could contribute to a more balanced global financial system.
Тънката граница между удобството и зависимостта в ерата на смарттехнологиите

Тънката граница между удобството и зависимостта в ерата на смарттехнологиите
(The Fine Line Between Convenience and Compulsion in the Era of Smart Tech)

  • Author(s):Yoana Slavcheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:438-446
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:smart technologies; digital economy; user dependency; IoT
  • Summary/Abstract:The integration of smart devices – from wearables and voice assistants to intelligent home appliances – defines a major trend in the evolving digital economy. This article examines their role as drivers of automation, digitalisation and personalisation, assessing their real value versus marketed functionality. It highlights the economic and social logic behind their mass adoption and the rising significance of user data in shaping new business models. Despite technological progress, smart devices introduce risks of dependency, reduced autonomy and privacy threats. The study concludes with a call for ethically guided innovation aligned with sustainable development in the digital economy.
Климатични промени, засягащи Европейския съюз – проблеми и решения

Климатични промени, засягащи Европейския съюз – проблеми и решения
(Climate Change Affecting the European Union – Problems and Solutions)

  • Author(s):Nikolay Yanakiev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Governance, Environmental and Energy policy, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development
  • Page Range:447-452
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:economy; problems; business; strategy; climate
  • Summary/Abstract:„Climate Change Affecting the European Union – Problems and Solutions“ examines one of the most global challenges of the 21st century, faced by the EU member states, and explores how the Union, national governments, and businesses are responding to this issue. The focus is placed on the environmental and socio-economic consequences of climate change, as well as on the effectiveness of policies aimed at reducing emissions and greenhouse gases. The report discusses key European initiatives such as the European Green Deal, the Fit 55 package, and policies that encourage citizens and businesses to use renewable energy sources. Special attention is given to the impact on the economy and businesses, as well as to the changing attitudes of EU consumers and citizens toward sustainable development. The report presents an analysis of best practices from various member states and highlights the challenges faced by countries like Bulgaria in the process of the green transition. It outlines potential solutions and recommendations for innovation and green investments, emphasizing the importance of raising public awareness.
Устойчивият туризъм като тенденция в международния туризъм и перспективите на България за развитие в сферата

Устойчивият туризъм като тенденция в международния туризъм и перспективите на България за развитие в сферата
(Sustainable Tourism as a Trend in International Tourism and Bulgaria's Prospects for Development in the Field)

  • Author(s):Dimitrina Spasova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Governance, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Tourism
  • Page Range:453-460
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:sustainable tourism; international tourism; Bulgaria; sustainable development; European Union
  • Summary/Abstract:This study analyses sustainable tourism as a major trend in international tourism. The research aims to identify the reasons for its emergence, define its conceptual framework, and assess its role within the global tourism system. A descriptive-analytical methodology is applied, using secondary statistical data and policy documents from international and European organizations. The results highlight the growing importance of sustainability, the spread of certification systems, and the potential of Bulgaria to develop competitive advantages. The conclusions emphasize the need for integrated national policies and alignment with European standards to achieve long-term benefits.
Социалните и трудови ефекти от членството на България в ЕС

Социалните и трудови ефекти от членството на България в ЕС
(The Social and Labor Effects of Bulgaria's Membership in the EU)

  • Author(s):Mikaela Moskova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:461-468
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:European Union; social effects; labor market; human capital; regional disparities
  • Summary/Abstract:The report examines the social and labor effects of Bulgaria’s membership in the European Union since 2007. Its aim is to analyze key changes in employment, living standards, and social structure, identifying both positive outcomes and ongoing challenges. The methodology combines analysis of statistical data, official reports, and EU programs. Findings reveal improved employment and living conditions but persistent regional disparities and brain drain. The conclusion highlights that sustainable development depends on targeted policies for human capital and balanced utilization of EU funds.
Концепцията за въвлечеността в маркетинга

Концепцията за въвлечеността в маркетинга
(The Concept of Involvement in Marketing)

  • Author(s):Alexander Hristov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Marketing / Advertising
  • Page Range:469-477
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:involvement; consumer behavior; purchase decision; marketing; international marketing
  • Summary/Abstract:The article examines and analyzes the contemporary aspects of engagement, understood as the degree of commitment to a product by a consumer, influencing the process of making a purchase decision. Presumably, the significance of the concept in contemporary marketing and international marketing is increasing, both due to the processes of digitalization and certain evolutionary processes in consumption. This presupposes the need for an up-to-date understanding and conceptualization of engagement.
Как иновациите в социалните мрежи променят обществото и икономическите процеси

Как иновациите в социалните мрежи променят обществото и икономическите процеси
(How Innovations in Social Media are Changing Society and Economic Processes)

  • Author(s):Borislava Zdravkova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Marketing / Advertising, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:478-488
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:social networks; data protection; business innovation; economic growth
  • Summary/Abstract:The rapid evolution of social media has transformed communication, social interaction and economic processes on a global scale. The study examines how innovations such as algorithmic advertising, influencer marketing, artificial intelligence and data analysis are reshaping business models and consumer behavior. Conducted as a literature review using statistical analysis and case studies, it examines the economic impact of social media. The results indicate a positive influence of economic growth but also reveal challenges related to data privacy, market regulation and ethics. This research aims to provide recommendations for businesses and policymakers on how to navigate the evolving social media landscape and harness its potential for sustainable economic development.
Международните пазари на злато и сребро: тенденции и перспективи в условията на настоящата глобална несигурност

Международните пазари на злато и сребро: тенденции и перспективи в условията на настоящата глобална несигурност
(International Gold and Silver Markets: Trends and Perspectives in the Context of Current Global Uncertainty)

  • Author(s):Valentin Bilyanski
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:489-500
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:international markets; gold; silver; global uncertainty
  • Summary/Abstract:This study examines the dynamics of the international gold and silver markets in the context of current global uncertainty. Gold has traditionally been perceived as a „safe haven” during periods of inflationary pressure, geopolitical conflict and financial market instability, whereas silver combines both investment and industrial characteristics, making it particularly sensitive to economic cycles. The report analyses the main factors shaping demand and supply after 2020, including monetary policy developments, fluctuations in the US dollar, industrial consumption, technological innovation and the growing importance of sustainability. Special emphasis is placed on a comparative assessment of the behaviour of the two metals as investment assets and strategic resources. The study presents key trends in price dynamics, structural changes in demand and supply, and short- and medium-term market outlooks. The research aims to identify opportunities and risks for international investors and to highlight the role of precious metals as indicators of global economic and political conditions. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that there is a significant likelihood of a gradual weakening in the relationship between the two markets, with gold retaining its primary role as an investment asset, while silver dynamics are increasingly driven by industrial cycles.
Международен мениджмънт и маркетинг на модната индустрия на ЕС и Европа

Международен мениджмънт и маркетинг на модната индустрия на ЕС и Европа
(International Management and Marketing of the EU and Europe Fashion Industry)

  • Author(s):Nadya Valeva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Marketing / Advertising
  • Page Range:501-519
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:fashion; design; EU; Bulgaria; strategy
  • Summary/Abstract:The report aims to show the benefits of Bulgaria's 18-year membership in the EU for the fashion industry in Bulgaria, in the EU, and globally. The main task is to encourage young people, students and doctoral candidates to be creative, brave in realizing projects and dreams, and to make the most of the comprehensive opportunities that EU membership provides. The paper demonstrates how an idea could grow into a national and pan-European product with national and global importance in protecting European know-how in fashion and design. It shows the excellent strategy for the development of production and copyright in fashion, for fashion management and marketing as an example to follow. The paper shows the whole process and the results are marked year by year with the relevant conclusions, support from the highest governmental levels and applicability in a marketing plan strategy with a horizon of 2050.
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