Транспорт и енергетика – визии за устойчиво бъдеще : Сборник с доклади : Юбилейна научна конференция по случай 75-годишнината от създаването на катедра и специалност „Икономика на транспорта и енергетика“, 23–24 октомври 2025 г.
Transport and Energy – Visions for a Sustainable Future : Proceedings : Jubilee Scientific Conference on the Occasion of the 75th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Department and Study Program "Economics of Transport and Energy", 23–24.10, 2025
Contributor(s): Borislav Arnaudov (Composer), Tatyana Dimitrova (Editor)
Subject(s): Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Transport / Logistics, Green Transformation
Published by: Университет за национално и световно стопанство (УНСС)
Keywords: transport economics; energy economics; sustainable development; digitalisation of transport; sustainable mobility; transport infrastructure; intelligent transport systems; energy management; transport policy
Summary/Abstract: The Conference Proceedings contain papers presented at the Jubilee Scientific Conference „TRANSPORT AND ENERGY INDUSTRY – VISIONS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE“, held on 23–24 October 2025 on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of the Department of Transport and Energy Economics at the University of National and World Economy (UNWE), Sofia. The conference was financially supported under Project NID NP 24/2025. The scientific forum brought together researchers and practitioners from the fields of transport economics, energy economics, and related social sciences, with the primary objective of examining contemporary challenges and prospects for the sustainable development of transport and energy systems. Thirty-seven papers were presented, addressing a broad range of topics including the digitalisation of transport, sustainable mobility, transport infrastructure and regional development, maritime and air transport, hydrogen and electric transport technologies, energy management, multimodal and intermodal transport, geopolitical impacts on transport systems, and the integration of external transport costs into sustainability reporting. The Conference Proceedings were compiled and edited under the supervision of the Organising and Programme Committees, chaired by Assoc. Prof. Borislav Arnaudov, PhD and Prof. Christina Nikolova, PhD, Head of Department, respectively. Contributing scientists and researchers represent several academic institutions, including the University of National and World Economy, Todor Kableshkov University of Transport, the University of Economics – Varna, D. A. Tsenov Academy of Economics – Svishtov, and the College of Management, Trade and Marketing, among others.
- E-ISBN-13: 978-619-232-981-5
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-619-232-980-8
- Page Count: 398
- Publication Year: 2025
- Language: English, Bulgarian
Концептуална рамка за интегриране на външните транспортни разходи в отчитането във връзка с устойчивостта
Концептуална рамка за интегриране на външните транспортни разходи в отчитането във връзка с устойчивостта
(Conceptual Framework for Integrating External Transport Costs into Sustainability Reporting)
- Author(s):Christina Nikolova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:7-23
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:internalization of external transport costs; sustainability reporting
- Summary/Abstract:The report explores the conceptual and practical framework for including external transport costs in corporate sustainability reporting, within the scope of Directive (EU) 2022/2464 concerning Corporate Sustainability Reporting (CSRD) and European Sustainability Reporting Standards (ESRS). It highlights the challenges and opportunities for transport companies in incorporating the impact of external costs into their sustainability efforts. Based on a proposed method for estimating these external costs, a framework for their integration into reporting has been developed. The study emphasizes the significance of this approach in promoting transparency, efficiency, and sustainability in the transportation sector.
Тенденции в развитието на световната търговия с морски транспорт
Тенденции в развитието на световната търговия с морски транспорт
(Trends in the Development of World Trade in Maritime Transport)
- Author(s):Violeta Mutafchieva, Tashko Minkov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Supranational / Global Economy, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:24-34
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:transport; world seaborne trade; cargo; dry cargo; crude oil
- Summary/Abstract:The report tracks the main trends in the dynamics of global maritime trade from 2014 to 2023. Indicators related to the quantity of transported cargo by main types, continents and directions (loaded and unloaded quantities, respectively) are consistently analyzed at several points. The main types of cargo are divided into three groups – crude oil, other liquid cargo and dry cargo. Various methods of economic analysis were applied, such as the comparison method, the time series method, the index method, the method of disaggregating general indicators, the method of calculating coefficients, etc. For the purposes of the analysis, data from the official statistics of the International Maritime Organization were used.
Прилагане на поведенческата теория за побутванията за развитие на железопътните превози на пътници
Прилагане на поведенческата теория за побутванията за развитие на железопътните превози на пътници
(Application of the Behavioral Theory of Nudges to the Development of Rail Passenger Transport)
- Author(s):Antoaneta Kirova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:35-42
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:rail passenger transport; „nudges“; choice architecture; user behavior of rail transport services
- Summary/Abstract:The Ninth Monitoring Report on the Development of the Railway Market in the European Union states that after the period 2018–2022, when passenger traffic fell sharply by 46% due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a strong recovery is expected. The share of rail transport in land transport in the EU-27 has increased from 7.8% in 2018 to 8.1% in 2022, but it needs to increase. In the pursuit of sustainable mobility, the importance of Nudge Theory, as a source of interventions affecting rail passenger behavior, is attracting increasing attention with good practices available in its application. The use of the behavioral approach in nudge theory refers to proposals for indirect measures and guidance to have an impact on positive changes in people's behavior. By understanding the interaction between psychological and environmental factors that influence decision-making among travelers, policies aimed at shifting to public transport would be more successful.
Водородният железопътен транспорт – ключово решение за изграждане на кръгова икономика
Водородният железопътен транспорт – ключово решение за изграждане на кръгова икономика
(Hydrogen Rail Transport – a Key Solution for Building a Circular Economy)
- Author(s):Daniela Todorova, Krasimir Krastanov, Miryana Evtimova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:43-50
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:hydrogen railway transport; circular economy; sustainable mobility; decarbonization
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the study is to analyze hydrogen rail transport as a key solution for building a circular economy. To achieve the goal, a SWOT analysis is presented, and a TOWS matrix is compiled. The strategies for building hydrogen rail transport in Bulgaria are presented, through which: to use strengths to maximize opportunities and minimize threats; to minimize weaknesses, while simultaneously using opportunities and managing threats. The main challenges for building a circular economy when introducing a hydrogen ecosystem are analyzed: lack of hydrogen infrastructure, high initial investments, production of „green“ hydrogen, volume of hydrogen storage tanks, security of supply, training of highly qualified personnel of all levels of education, occupational safety and health, etc. The need for new educational solutions to create specialists capable of building and managing the circular economy and sustainable and smart mobility is substantiated. The key aspects of introducing hydrogen mobility in railways for building sustainable and smart mobility are described. In conclusion, the possibilities for building a circular economy through decarbonization of railway transport in Bulgaria are presented.
Значение на транспортната инфраструктура и пътища за подобряване на регионалното развитие
Значение на транспортната инфраструктура и пътища за подобряване на регионалното развитие
(Importance of Transport Infrastructure and Roads for Improving Regional Development)
- Author(s):Kamen Petrov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:51-63
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:region; transport; development; connectivity; infrastructure; territory
- Summary/Abstract:This report is dedicated to the importance of infrastructure as a factor for improving regional development. The article argues the need for regional development of the territory and the importance of the ongoing processes and phenomena that set the opportunities for the inclusive development of the regional economy. The report focuses on mobility, the road network and the demographic structure of the population in the country. Attention is paid to transport infrastructure and regional development. In the practical part, regional convergence through new road infrastructure is considered. The relevant analyses and evaluations have been made, where the results of the study are described in the conclusion.
Бъдеще на авиацията
Бъдеще на авиацията
(Future of Aviation)
- Author(s):Ivan Tsanov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:64-73
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:aviation; air transport system; future of aviation
- Summary/Abstract:The methodology of the study is built on the basis of two research methods: literature review and extrapolation. The object of the publication is aviation, and the subject matter is the future of aviation on a global scale. The aim of the study is to describe, analyze and assess the main trends and processes that may manifest themselves in the field of aviation in the near future with a time horizon of up to 2050. The study focuses on three key aspects: Future scenarios for the development of the world and their relationship with aviation; The European Union's vision of what aviation in Europe should look like in 2050; The future of the air transport system, with its four elements: airports, airlines, aircraft and air navigation services.
Търсене на транспортни услуги за превоз на товари в условията на българския пазар
Търсене на транспортни услуги за превоз на товари в условията на българския пазар
(Demand of Transport Services for Cargo Transportation in the Conditions of the Bulgarian Market)
- Author(s):Donka Zhelyazkova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:74-84
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:transport services; transport market; demand
- Summary/Abstract:The demand for freight transport services remains a consistently relevant topic, given the dynamic development of the transport market. This study aims to analyze the parameters of this demand through indicators such as the volume of transported goods and the amount of work performed by various transport modes. On this basis, it seeks to identify current issues that accompany market processes in Bulgaria. The analysis revealed three major weaknesses characteristic of Bulgaria’s transport system: the exclusion of the country from the routing of rail corridors from China to Europe under the „Belt and Road” initiative; the condition of port infrastructure, particularly with respect to container terminals; and the dominance of road transport, given its significant impact on the environment.
Предлагане на транспортни услуги за превоз на товари в условията на българския пазар
Предлагане на транспортни услуги за превоз на товари в условията на българския пазар
(Supply of Transport Services for Cargo Transportation in the Conditions of the Bulgarian Market)
- Author(s):Donka Zhelyazkova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:85-98
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:transport services; transport market; supply
- Summary/Abstract:The present study is dedicated to examining the supply of freight transport services in the context of the Bulgarian market, with the aim of identifying certain structural problems. For this purpose, the author analyzes the development of transport service supply in Bulgaria based on the dynamics of the economic performance of some of the country’s largest transport companies, as well as the number of vehicles serving the national transport market. The study identifies two main issues. During the course of the study, two main issues stand out. The first pertains to the reported losses incurred by state-owned enterprises, namely the National Railway Infrastructure Company, BDZ – Freight Services Ltd., BDZ – Passenger Services Ltd., and the national air carrier Bulgaria Air JSC. Although the latter entities do not fall within the specific market segment under review, they are nonetheless included in the study due to their indirect influence. The second issue concerns the declining number of seagoing vessels registered under the Bulgarian flag.
Променливите разходи в контекста на договарянето и изпълнението на обществени услуги с пътнически железопътен транспорт в България
Променливите разходи в контекста на договарянето и изпълнението на обществени услуги с пътнически железопътен транспорт в България
(Variable Costs in the Context of Contracting and Implementing Public Services with Passenger Rail Transport in Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Vasko Vassilev
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Public Administration, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:99-108
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:public service; railway transport; passenger transport; obligations
- Summary/Abstract:Over the past few decades, passenger rail transport has developed in two main directions. Firstly, transport activity based on open access to the transport market and secondly – regulated access to the transport market for the implementation of public services. Open access implies free competition in the railway services market, and regulated access – competition in terms of services that require a contract with a public authority (central or regional) for the assumption of Public Service Obligations (PSO). The requirement for a Contract, as the basis of the regulated market, implies a clear definition of the scope of the public service and at the same time structuring the performance measures and costs that the public authority is willing to pay for these services. According to the EU Regulations on public passenger transport services by rail and road, „public service obligation means a requirement defined or imposed by a competent authority to provide public passenger transport services of general interest which an operator, if it were considering only its own commercial interests, would not undertake or would not undertake to the same extent or under the same conditions, without remuneration.“ A competent authority in this context refers to either a central or a local government authority. There are four main types of PSOs that apply in modern passenger railways: undertaking tariff obligations, guaranteeing the reliability of services, ensuring the necessary frequency of service and quality requirements that guarantee customer satisfaction. At the present stage, the obligations undertaken under the Railway Transport Act are of three types: an operation obligation; a carriage obligation; a tariff obligation. At the same time, the services for which PSOs can be determined or their scope have been determined on the basis of limited studies of customer requirements. The determination of a „reasonable profit“ for the carrier when implementing a Public Service Contract and the methodology for cost management are the subject of this study, in order to limit the possibility of turning „compensation“ into a hidden subsidy. The aim is to satisfy public requirements for railway transport to an extent that guarantees sustainable development.
Преход към дигитализация на транспорта за устойчиво бъдеще
Преход към дигитализация на транспорта за устойчиво бъдеще
(Transition to Digitalization of Transport for a Sustainable Future)
- Author(s):Borislav Arnaudov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:109-115
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:digitization; innovation; artificial intelligence; efficiency; sustainable transport
- Summary/Abstract:Digitalization is the most significant global technological trend affecting the transport sector. Artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, and neural networks, combined with the production of smart sensors, aided by economies of scale, mobile devices, and consumer electronics, make it possible to improve the passenger experience and increase the efficiency of freight transport. The purpose of this report is to assess the efficiency of transport through the digitization of key transport processes. It also examines key innovations in transport services that give transport companies a significant advantage in developing logistics efficiency. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of the sector investing in the implementation of innovative solutions for data processing, which is crucial for improving the competitiveness of transport companies in the modern digital era.
Развитие на морския транспорт в България – анализ на ключови показатели
Развитие на морския транспорт в България – анализ на ключови показатели
(Development of Maritime Transport in Bulgaria – Analysis of Key Indicators)
- Author(s):Tashko Minkov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:116-126
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:sea transport; ports; goods handled; economic analysis; productivity
- Summary/Abstract:This report analyzes the values of a number of indicators related to the performance of maritime transport in Bulgaria over the past ten years. For this purpose, a number of methods of economic analysis and relevant data from official European statistics were used. The report is structured in three sections. The first section is dedicated to maritime transport in the EU. The values of general economic indicators for the sector are analyzed, such as: number of employed persons, number of enterprises, turnover of enterprises, physical and value volume of imports and exports. Some comparative indicators have also been calculated, such as: average number of employees in an enterprise, average turnover of an enterprise, average turnover and average value of imports and exports per employee. Similar indicators for maritime transport, but for Bulgaria, are analyzed in the second section. Additionally, its place in these indicators in the entire transport sector has been assessed. In the third section, specific indicators reflecting the dynamics of cargo turnover in the two main ports in terms of import and export of cargo have been analyzed. A comparison has been made between Bulgaria and the EU. Coefficients of unevenness of work in the ports have been calculated.
Използване на дигитален двойник при транспортните системи
Използване на дигитален двойник при транспортните системи
(Digital Twins as a Tool for Management and Optimization of Urban Transport Systems)
- Author(s):Iliya Gatovski
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:127-136
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:digital twins; transport systems; traffic optimization; public transport
- Summary/Abstract:The creation of a „Digital Twin“ of the transport system represents a virtual model that simulates and optimizes the management of transport infrastructure and public transport through real-time data. This model integrates sensors, GPS, IoT technologies, and artificial intelligence, enabling traffic analysis, simulation of various scenarios, and better planning of routes and schedules. The use of a digital twin leads to more efficient traffic management, reduction of congestion and emissions, improvement of passenger services, and faster response to incidents. The economic and social benefits of implementing digital twins are significant, including cost optimization, increased passenger satisfaction, and sustainable development of urban transport. Successful implementation requires quality data, inter-institutional cooperation, and integration with real management processes. Digital twins are a key tool for modernization and intelligent management of transport systems, supporting informed decision-making and improving the quality of life in cities.
Effectiveness and Sustainability of the Road Safety Policy in Bulgaria: Economic Dimensions of the EU Standards Convergence
Effectiveness and Sustainability of the Road Safety Policy in Bulgaria: Economic Dimensions of the EU Standards Convergence
(Effectiveness and Sustainability of the Road Safety Policy in Bulgaria: Economic Dimensions of the EU Standards Convergence)
- Author(s):Petya Koralova-Nozharova, Shteryo Nozharov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Public Administration, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:137-145
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:road safety; convergence; European priorities; economic effectiveness
- Summary/Abstract:The present study aims to analyze the effectiveness and sustainability of Bulgaria’s road safety policy in terms of convergence to the EU policy standards and priorities. The main accent is put on the economic dimensions of this policy, especially on the cost effectiveness of the measures implemented, on the social and economic consequences of road accidents and on the level of institutional readiness of the country to introduce long-term strategies. A comparative analysis of statistical indicators, concerning EU member-states, is used to identify the differences and gaps in the national road safety framework. The study proposes economically sound recommendations for improvement of the strategic planning, funding and monitoring of the road safety policy in the country, as well as measures for decreasing of the number of traffic accidents and economic losses. In the conclusion, they are discussed the opportunities for better convergence of the Bulgarian road safety policy to the European priorities till 2030.
Public-Private Partnership in the Implementation of Green Hydrogen Projects: Accounting and Financial Aspects
Public-Private Partnership in the Implementation of Green Hydrogen Projects: Accounting and Financial Aspects
(Public-Private Partnership in the Implementation of Green Hydrogen Projects: Accounting and Financial Aspects)
- Author(s):Maria Markova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Accounting - Business Administration
- Page Range:146-162
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:green hydrogen; public–private partnership; IFRS; accounting; sustainability
- Summary/Abstract:Green hydrogen is emerging as a key component of the energy transition and a critical instrument for achieving climate neutrality in the European Union. This paper analyzes international and national experience in developing green hydrogen projects for production, transport, and storage, emphasizing the role of Public–Private Partnerships (PPP) and their accounting and financial dimensions. The study explores leading countries – China, Germany, the Netherlands, the USA, Japan, and Australia—as well as Bulgaria’s potential to become the ‘Hydrogen Valley of the Balkans.’ Special attention is given to the ZAHIR and bLion projects, which exemplify the potential of PPPs for sustainable growth. Based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), the paper presents accounting treatments for key transactions such as asset acquisition, subsidies, revenue recognition, financing, and depreciation. The integration of technological, economic, and accounting perspectives reflects the need for innovative action combining public support, private investment, and transparent reporting in financing green energy projects.
Интеграция на човешкия капитал и транспортната инфраструктура за устойчиво развитие на туризма
Интеграция на човешкия капитал и транспортната инфраструктура за устойчиво развитие на туризма
(Integration of Human Capital and Transport Infrastructure for Sustainable Tourism Development)
- Author(s):Milena Karailieva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Tourism, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:163-174
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:human capital; transport infrastructure; sustainable development; tourism
- Summary/Abstract:In the context of global challenges and the pursuit of sustainability, the integration between human capital and transport infrastructure has become a key factor for tourism development. The paper examines and analyzes the integration of human capital and the efficiency of transport systems in tourism destinations. The research objectives include studying the role of human capital in managing transport operations that serve tourism, assessing the impact of transport infrastructure on the quality of tourist mobility and services and identifying opportunities for coordinated policies and management approaches between the transport and tourism sectors. It highlights the role of professional training, managerial skills, and service culture as essential components in achieving environmentally and socially responsible travel. The study proposes a models of integrated management in which the human capital is considered not only as operational, but also as a strategic element in planning and optimizing tourist flows. The methodology combines analytical, comparative, and systemic approaches, based on literature review, synthesis of European best practices, and contextual analysis of the Bulgarian case. The findings highlight that integrated management of human capital and infrastructure enhances the sustainability of tourist flows, improves service quality, and supports socio-economic balance within destinations. The study concludes that the development of competent human capital, together with innovative and sustainable transport systems, represents a strategic prerequisite for achieving competitive and responsible tourism.
Анализ и оценка на обема на вътрешните товарни автомобилни превози в България
Анализ и оценка на обема на вътрешните товарни автомобилни превози в България
(Analysis and Assessment of the Volume of Domestic Road Freight Transport in Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Georgi Dimitrov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:175-185
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:domestic road transport; freight transport
- Summary/Abstract:Transport is one of the main sectors of the Bulgarian economy, and a significant contribution to this is made by freight road transport, which occupies a leading position in terms of the quantities of goods transported and the transport work performed in the national transport system. Freight road transport in Bulgaria ensures the supply of raw materials and materials to manufacturing enterprises and the transportation of finished products from the place where they are produced to consumers. The state of freight road transport in Bulgaria is of utmost importance for the competitiveness of the national economy and for the quality of transport services to the population. This report analyzes the dynamics and changes in the quantities of goods transported and the volumes of transport work performed by freight road transport, carried out for payment and for own account on the territory of Bulgaria. The analyzed period covers the period from 2015 to 2024. The examined ten-year period allows us to track and assess the main trends in the development of domestic freight road transport in the country and, on this basis, to make recommendations for its sustainable future development.
Sustainable Energy Solutions in the Hospitality Industry
Sustainable Energy Solutions in the Hospitality Industry
(Sustainable Energy Solutions in the Hospitality Industry)
- Author(s):Ralitsa Georgieva, Veronika Denizova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
- Page Range:186-196
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:sustainability; energy efficiency; energy solutions; hospitality industry
- Summary/Abstract:Hospitality is one of the fastest-growing global industries and a major contributor to energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. Achieving a sustainable energy transition in tourism is therefore central to the broader vision of a climate-neutral future. This publication examines current energy challenges in the hospitality industry, focusing on hotels and restaurants explores pathways toward sustainable solutions. Case studies of renewable-powered operations, energy efficient accommodation, and community-based energy projects highlight both technological innovations and practical implementations. The analysis also identifies key barriers including financial constraints, technological readiness, and policy challenges – as well as enablers such as supportive regulation, digital energy management, and growing tourist demand for greener options. The paper concludes with a forward-looking vision for sustainable tourism energy systems, emphasizing the need for integrated approaches, cross-sectoral partnerships, and management innovation.
Усвояване на средствата по програма „Транспортна свързаност“ 2021–2027 г. в България
Усвояване на средствата по програма „Транспортна свързаност“ 2021–2027 г. в България
(Absorption of Funds under the Transport Connectivity Programme 2021–2027 in Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Aglika Kaneva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:197-205
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:EU; EU funds; Transport Connectivity Program 2021–2027
- Summary/Abstract:In this paper, the Transport Connectivity Program for the 2021–2027 programming period in Bulgaria has been presented. The projects implemented in Bulgaria and financed under the program for the period 2021–2027 have been studied. The absorption of European funding under the Transport Connectivity Program during the 2021–2027 programming period has been analyzed.
Еволюция на дистрибуционните канали в пътническия транспорт в контекста на устойчивото развитие
Еволюция на дистрибуционните канали в пътническия транспорт в контекста на устойчивото развитие
(Evolution of Passenger Transport Distribution Channels in the Context of Sustainable Development)
- Author(s):Hristina Boycheva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:206-216
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:digitalization; distribution; passenger transport
- Summary/Abstract:One of the most significant challenges requiring actions on global scale is reducing the environmental negative impact and promoting the principles of sustainable development. Given the importance and growing role of passenger transport for the economy and social life the following article aims at studying the evolution of passenger transport distribution channels and their role in aviation, rail and bus transport in the context of the European Green Deal and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The report explores a systematic and comparative analysis of the scientific literature in the field of sustainable passenger transport and the impact of the transition of traditional to digital distribution channels in the sector. The thesis of the scientific study is that digital distribution channels are tools for achieving sustainable development goals and they reflect the change in consumer behavior when choosing and booking passenger transport services. In this regard, the first task of the scientific research is to trace the historical development of traditional distribution channels in passenger transport in order to outline the challenges that companies face in realizing the goals of sustainable development. The analysis focuses on the limitations for achieving these goals and identifies the opportunities provided by the digital channels for overcoming those challenges. The second task of the scientific research is related to the analysis of the changes in consumer behavior due to the marketing channels digitalization and the growing consumers commitment to the sustainable development goals. In this context, the report focuses on analyzing and summarizing previous research on digitalization and green practices, including the development of Global Distribution Systems (GDS), online and AI-based reservation systems, mobile applications, e-tickets and QR codes. Based on the literature review of the scientific research in the field of sustainable passenger transport, the impact of digital transformations and artificial intelligence on distribution channels in the sector, the main challenges and future trends of sustainable passenger transport development have been identified considering consumers` preferences and their behavior changes.
АТВ – особености, контрол и регистрация
АТВ – особености, контрол и регистрация
(ATV – Features, Control and Registration)
- Author(s):Veselin Grozdanov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Public Administration, EU-Legislation, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:217-225
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:ATV; traffic police; registration; European Union
- Summary/Abstract:In recent years, the so-called ATVs have become increasingly popular. Those wishing to purchase such a vehicle encounter several difficulties regarding the registration of ATVs (including difficulties in interpreting the law, unfamiliarity with the vehicle itself, or obvious attempts to circumvent costs). The term „ATV“ is an abbreviation for „All Terrain Vehicle“ in English. But what do we understand by an all-terrain vehicle? ATVs are often classified by the population as a type of four-wheeled motorcycle or small jeep. This article provides an overview of the EU and Republic of Bulgaria's regulatory requirements for placing motor vehicles on the market and registering them, including laws, ordinances and regulations. It also discusses the difficulties encountered by the population.
Контрол на техническата изправност на АТВ
Контрол на техническата изправност на АТВ
(Checking the Technical Condition of the ATV)
- Author(s):Veselin Grozdanov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Public Administration, EU-Legislation, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:226-234
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Annual technical inspection; technical condition; ATV; regulations
- Summary/Abstract:All registered motor vehicles are subject to mandatory periodic technical inspections. The regulations differ depending on the type of motor vehicle being driven. This applies to the manufacturer's technical specifications (how the vehicle is registered with the local administration and for what purposes it is used). In recent years, Bulgarian legislation has been amended to align with European legislation and establish stricter criteria for admitting/withdrawing motor vehicles from circulation. Bulgarian legislation is adapting to European standards faster than we are technically prepared to implement the adopted requirements. It turns out that vehicles classified as ATVs (All Terrain Vehicles) are almost impossible to pass a technical inspection in most of the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria.
Повишаване ангажираността и добрите практики за подобряване на работната обстановка и опазване на околната среда в екипа на „Гопет Транс“ в и извън офиса
Повишаване ангажираността и добрите практики за подобряване на работната обстановка и опазване на околната среда в екипа на „Гопет Транс“ в и извън офиса
(Increasing People’s Commitment and Good Practices for Improving the Work Atmosphere and Protecting the Environment with the Team of Gopet Trans, in and Outside the Office)
- Author(s):Ognyan Duchev
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Micro-Economics, Energy and Environmental Studies, Socio-Economic Research
- Page Range:235-244
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:behavior; individual approach; personal growth; engagement; sustainability
- Summary/Abstract:In the context of global challenges related to climate change and sustainable development, the transport sector plays a key role. For GOPET TRANS, sustainability is not just a technological or infrastructural issue – it starts with people. The development of human resources in transport should focus not only on professional qualifications but also on shaping new attitudes and behaviors aligned with organizational growth, individual engagement, ethics, and a sustainable way of life. At the core of the company’s future development lies an individual approach to every employee – through personal meetings at fixed intervals, where discussions cover personal growth, contribution to team results, and sustainability: e.g., setting personal goals, providing feedback to managers, leadership, and the work environment, saving electricity, water, and paper both in the office and in personal spaces. Employees are encouraged to pursue personal development and improve team performance, as well as to initiate projects for greening, reducing carbon footprint, and improving the work and ecological environment. These efforts are not only documented but also recognized and rewarded as part of the corporate culture of engagement and responsibility. As part of our strategy, GOPET TRANS invests in sustainable technologies – for example, building a solar park on the roof of the warehouse facility with a capacity of 598.410 KWp over an area of 3,922 m² at the central office in Kazichene. Although this is not directly related to human resources, it reflects our overall commitment to a sustainable future and serves as an example and inspiration for the company’s employees. Sustainable development in business cannot be achieved without the active participation of people. That is why we believe that change starts from within – through awareness, personal responsibility, growth, and employer support. Only in this way can we build a transport industry that not only drives the economy but also protects the planet.
Влияние на човешките ресурси върху качеството на пътническия въздушен транспорт в България
Влияние на човешките ресурси върху качеството на пътническия въздушен транспорт в България
(Influence of Human Resources on the Quality of Passenger Air Transport in Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Veronika Garkova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:245-251
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:air transport; aviation; passengers
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this report is to analyze the impact of staff shortages, both on the ground handling and from shortages of flight and cabin crew, on the quality of passenger air transport services in Bulgaria. It presents statistics on passenger traffic in the period 2019–2024, examines the developments at the main airports – Sofia, Varna and Burgas, and includes a survey to assess passenger satisfaction. The report aims to identify the main challenges faced by air passenger transport in Bulgaria and to outline possible directions for improving the quality and service of passengers.
Законодателство и основни нормативни документи, уреждащи комбинираните, интермодалните и комодалните превози
Законодателство и основни нормативни документи, уреждащи комбинираните, интермодалните и комодалните превози
(Legislation and Basic Regulatory Documents Governing Combined, Intermodal and Comodal Transport)
- Author(s):Ivailo Atanasov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Energy and Environmental Studies, EU-Legislation, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:252-257
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:European transport network; ecological transport; combined; intermodal and comodal transport
- Summary/Abstract:The transport system of the Republic of Bulgaria is of national importance for the economic and cultural life of the population. But the Republic of Bulgaria is not an isolated island in Eastern Europe, but quite the opposite. The territory of Bulgaria is, on the one hand, at the crossroads between Western Europe and the Middle East, and on the other hand, between Southeastern and Northeastern Europe. In order to be part of the European transport network, it is necessary to have synchronized legislation that facilitates the passage through the individual territories regardless of where a cargo is transported from or to. The development of ecological modes of transport, and more precisely of combined, intermodal and comodal systems, requires harmonization of the legislation of the individual EU member states and that of the EU. This article will provide a brief overview of the European and Bulgarian legislation in the field of combined transport.
Ефекти от геополитическите кризи върху управлението на въздушното пространство: предизвикателства и адаптации
Ефекти от геополитическите кризи върху управлението на въздушното пространство: предизвикателства и адаптации
(Effects of the Geopolitical Crisis on Airspace Management: Challenges and Adaptations)
- Author(s):Ivan Yordanov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Geopolitics, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:258-268
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); SESAR; air traffic management; trajectory based operations; dynamic airspace management
- Summary/Abstract:This study examines how airspace management throughout Europe and the interconnected transcontinental aviation corridors are affected by the current geopolitical crisis. Particular attention is given to the closure of Ukrainian and parts of the Black Sea airspace, alongside the restrictions on Russian airspace for carriers from Europe, North America, and Asia. These disruptions affect not only the economic efficiency of air transport but also the resilience and strategic configuration of the global aviation network. The rerouting of air traffic has led to a greater carbon footprint, longer flight durations, and consistently higher fuel costs. Second, the concentration of significant traffic volumes within constrained air corridors has resulted in increased pressures on air traffic management. Innovative capacity-management techniques, improved interoperability between air traffic control centers, and more adaptable real-time coordination processes are all required in this scenario. Thirdly, geopolitical dynamics have reshaped the conceptualization of airspace security and resilience. Airlines and institutions are compelled to balance economic rationality against geopolitical risks, underscoring the growing significance of aviation as a strategic instrument in the context of international relations. By applying an analytical framework that combines empirical evidence with conceptual insights, the paper concludes that airspace management under conditions of geopolitical crisis must transcend purely technical and economic dimensions. It requires a strategic vision, an integrated policy approach, and a commitment to long-term resilience and sustainability.
Разработване на ефективно работещи мерки за ограничаване на интензивността на автомобилните потоци в големите градове, прогнозна оценка и анализ на ефектите от тяхното прилагане
Разработване на ефективно работещи мерки за ограничаване на интензивността на автомобилните потоци в големите градове, прогнозна оценка и анализ на ефектите от тяхното прилагане
(Development of Effective Measures to Limit the Intensity of Vehicle Flows in Large Cities and Forecast Assessment and Analysis of the Effects of Their Implementation)
- Author(s):Nikolay Nikolov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Sociology, Policy, planning, forecast and speculation, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:269-279
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:car flows; car flow limitation; conventional engines; analysis; efficiency
- Summary/Abstract:This report clarifies the significance of the negative consequences caused by the mass use of cars and buses with conventional engines in large cities, emphasizing the damage to the environment, human health and losses to the economy. The effectiveness of the actions taken so far at the European, national and local levels has been analyzed and it has been proven that, although they reduce and/or slow down the increase in the values of the negative indicators, they do not work effectively and do not ensure the achievement of the desired results. The need to define and implement new, effectively working emergency measures has been proven. A scientifically-based presentation of a fundamentally new idea for further developing existing practices has been made and its applicability and effectiveness have been proven. By using mathematical models to describe and predict the change in the quantities characterizing the processes of joint work between two fundamentally different in nature but mutually connected in a symbiotic relationship activities: Road Transport Company for Passenger Transportation (ATPPP) and Photovoltaic Power Plant (PPP), the significance of the effect of the practical implementation of this idea has been proven.
Сравнителен анализ на въздействието на интелигентните транспортни системи върху показателите за устойчива градска мобилност
Сравнителен анализ на въздействието на интелигентните транспортни системи върху показателите за устойчива градска мобилност
(Comparative Analysis of the Impact of Iintelligent Transport Systems on Sustainable Urban Mobility Indicators)
- Author(s):Marta Klisurova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:280-295
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:intelligent transport systems (ITS); sustainable urban mobility; sustainable development indicators; ITS Effectiveness Index – IEI
- Summary/Abstract:This report clarifies the significance of the negative consequences caused by the mass use of cars and buses with conventional engines in large cities, emphasizing the damage to the environment, human health and losses to the economy. The effectiveness of the actions taken so far at the European, national and local levels has been analyzed and it has been proven that, although they reduce and/or slow down the increase in the values of the negative indicators, they do not work effectively and do not ensure the achievement of the desired results. The need to define and implement new, effectively working emergency measures has been proven. A scientifically-based presentation of a fundamentally new idea for further developing existing practices has been made and its applicability and effectiveness have been proven. By using mathematical models to describe and predict the change in the quantities characterizing the processes of joint work between two fundamentally different in nature but mutually connected in a symbiotic relationship activities: Road Transport Company for Passenger Transportation (ATPPP) and Photovoltaic Power Plant (PPP), the significance of the effect of the practical implementation of this idea has been proven. The aim of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of the impact of intelligent transport systems (ITS) on key indicators for sustainable urban mobility. The analysis tracks the social, economic, and environmental effects of various ITS solutions to identify the most effective approaches for achieving a sustainable urban environment. The methodological approach includes the definition and classification of key indicators for sustainable transport, with each indicator being assigned a relative weight according to its importance for the overall effectiveness of the system. A combined assessment is used to compare the different ITS options across the three dimensions of sustainability: social, economic, and environmental. The results show that integrated ITS platforms demonstrate the highest efficiency, as they combine the advantages of different technologies and simultaneously optimize traffic, reduce emissions, and improve the accessibility of transport services. In conclusion, intelligent transport systems are establishing themselves as an essential tool for achieving sustainable urban mobility and can serve as a basis for developing effective policies and strategies for intelligent transport management.
Устойчивост на транспортния сектор при глобални кризи: уроците от пандемията и войната в Украйна
Устойчивост на транспортния сектор при глобални кризи: уроците от пандемията и войната в Украйна
(Resilience of the Transport Sector in Global Crises: Lessons from the Pandemic and the War in Ukraine)
- Author(s):Kadifka Borizanova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:296-304
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:transport; sustainability; crisis management; COVID-19; Ukraine war; energy; supply chains
- Summary/Abstract:The transport sector plays a crucial role in the functioning of global supply chains and the sustainability of economies, particularly in times of crisis. This study explores the impact of recent global disruptions – the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine – on the sustainability and resilience of transport systems. The main objective is to analyze the specific risks these crises have revealed for the transport sector, as well as the opportunities they have created for enhancing its adaptability and long-term sustainability. A qualitative methodology has been applied, including comparative analysis of international reports, statistical data, and regulatory frameworks from the European Union and Bulgaria. The results demonstrate how health and geopolitical crises intensify vulnerabilities related to energy dependency, supply chain fragmentation, and insufficient preparedness in transport infrastructure. Furthermore, the research identifies emerging best practices in crisis management, highlighting the importance of digitalization, diversification, and integrated approaches between transport and energy policies. The paper contributes to the academic discourse by outlining strategic measures for improving resilience and aligning the transport sector with sustainability goals in the face of future crises.
Ролята на фотоволтаичните електросистеми в развитието на железопътната инфраструктура
Ролята на фотоволтаичните електросистеми в развитието на железопътната инфраструктура
(The Role of Photovoltaic Power Systems in the Development of Railway Infrastructure)
- Author(s):Gergana Milcheva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:305-313
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:photovoltaic systems; railway transport; sustainability; decarbonization
- Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the potential of integrating photovoltaic (PV) systems into the railway infrastructure of Bulgaria as a means of decarbonization, increasing energy efficiency, and reducing operational costs. The study combines a document review of European strategies and international experience (United Kingdom, Switzerland, India) with quantitative assessments and a SWOT analysis tailored to Bulgarian conditions. The findings indicate that the national railway network has substantial potential for renewable energy generation. The most promising solutions include installations along railway corridors and on the rooftops of stations and depots, which offer both technical efficiency and rapid deployment. Alongside this potential, several barriers are identified: the lack of a clear legal framework for solar deployment in railway servitudes, high upfront investment costs, and limited institutional coordination. To address these challenges, the paper proposes targeted measures such as legislative amendments, access to EU funding mechanisms, the development of technical standards, and capacity building within the railway and energy sectors. In conclusion, integrating PV systems into railway infrastructure represents a strategic opportunity for Bulgaria to align transport modernization with the energy transition. Such initiatives could turn the railway sector into a key driver of sustainable development and position the country as a regional example in clean energy and mobility.
Управление на енергийни ресурси чрез глобални сателитни системи по време на енергийна криза
Управление на енергийни ресурси чрез глобални сателитни системи по време на енергийна криза
(Energy Resource Management Using Global Satellite Systems during an Energy Crisis)
- Author(s):Ivan Yanchev
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:314-326
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:energy crises; satellite systems; GNSS; resource management; energy security
- Summary/Abstract:In the context of increasing energy crises, this study examines the role of global satellite systems (GNSS) in managing energy resources. The aim is to analyze how satellite technologies can optimize monitoring, logistics, and energy distribution during crises. The tasks include a review of the theoretical framework, GNSS applications in the energy sector, case studies from the EU, USA, China, and Bulgaria, as well as challenges and opportunities for integration with AI and IoT. The methodology is based on analysis of historical data, satellite applications, and forecasts. The results show that GNSS improves efficiency and security but requires addressing limitations such as data security. The conclusions emphasize the need for policies for sustainable development. The applicability is in energy policy and crisis management.
Умни зарядни мрежи и потребителска автономия: пътят към устойчиво бъдеще на електрическата мобилност
Умни зарядни мрежи и потребителска автономия: пътят към устойчиво бъдеще на електрическата мобилност
(Smart Charging Networks and User Autonomy: the Road to a Sustainable Future for Electric Mobility)
- Author(s):Maria Bozhilova-Troharova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:327-336
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:electric mobility; smart charging networks; consumer autonomy; blockchain; AI
- Summary/Abstract:The report explores the dynamic relationship between the transport and energy sectors, emphasizing their shared role in achieving sustainability It examines the transition to electric mobility and the deployment of intelligent charging networks that integrate renewable energy, IoT, AI and blockchain technologies. The study discusses how digitalization and consumer autonomy can reshape traditional energy distribution models, introducing flexibility through dynamic pricing and bidirectional energy exchange. The analysis highlights that sustainable transport cannot be achieved solely through technological progress – it also requires active participation from consumers and energy providers, supported by smart systems and data-driven management. The findings outline potential pathways for integrating transport and energy policies toward a resilient, low-carbon future.
Зелена таксономия на ЕС и отражението ѝ върху транспортния и енергийния сектор в България
Зелена таксономия на ЕС и отражението ѝ върху транспортния и енергийния сектор в България
(EU Green Taxonomy and its Impact on the Transport and Energy Sector in Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Alie Borizanova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Politics, Economy, National Economy, Governance, EU-Approach / EU-Accession / EU-Development, Transport / Logistics, Green Transformation
- Page Range:337-345
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:taxonomy; sustainability; energy; transportation; Bulgaria
- Summary/Abstract:The EU Green Taxonomy is an innovative regulatory framework designed to channel investments towards sustainable activities and accelerate the transition to a low-carbon economy. This paper examines the taxonomy’s impact on two strategic sectors – energy and transport – with a particular focus on the Bulgarian context. In the energy sector, the analysis highlights opportunities for the accelerated adoption of renewable energy sources, improvements in energy efficiency, and the gradual reduction of dependence on coal and fossil fuels. In the transport sector, the focus is placed on the prospects of electromobility, the expansion of charging infrastructure, the use of alternative fuels, and the role of rail transport in the decarbonisation process. The study identifies key challenges for Bulgaria, including the need for significant investments, the adaptation of the legislative framework, and the overcoming of technological and institutional barriers. The paper concludes with policy recommendations and strategic guidelines aimed at ensuring the successful integration of the taxonomy into national practices and supporting the sustainable development of the country’s transport and energy systems.
Отражение от внедряване на електрически лекотоварни автомобили върху икономиката и околната среда
Отражение от внедряване на електрически лекотоварни автомобили върху икономиката и околната среда
(The Impact of the Deployment of Electric Light Commercial Vehicles on the Economy and the Environmen)
- Author(s):Krsitina Grozeva
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:346-353
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:electric vehicles; transport; sustainability; emissions; energy efficiency
- Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the economic and environmental impact of introducing electric light commercial vehicles (e-LCVs) in the transport sector. It analyses key economic aspects such as initial investment, operating and maintenance costs, and the need for expanding charging infrastructure. From an environmental perspective, it highlights the advantages of e-LCVs, including reduced carbon emissions, improved air quality, and lower noise pollution in urban areas. The paper also discusses challenges related to battery production and recycling, as well as the impact on the energy system. The conclusion emphasises that e-LCVs are an essential tool for achieving sustainable development, but their successful adoption requires coordination between technological innovation, economic incentives, and
Модели на развитие на граждански летища в Европа и Съединените щати
Модели на развитие на граждански летища в Европа и Съединените щати
(Models of Civil Airport Development in Europe and the United States)
- Author(s):Dobromir Kirev
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Governance, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:354-362
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:economics; airport; models; aerotropolis
- Summary/Abstract:The development of civil airports plays a crucial role in regional connectivity, economic growth, and the advancement of multimodal transportation systems. Europe and the United States offer distinct yet effective models of airport development, shaped by their regulatory frameworks, economic priorities, and governance structures. In Europe, airport development is largely characterized by decentralization, regional autonomy, strong public-private partnerships (PPPs), and an emphasis on sustainability and multimodal integration. Airports often serve as regional development hubs, closely linked to EU transport and cohesion policies. In contrast, the United States follows a more centralized approach, relying heavily on federal funding through the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the Airport Improvement Program (AIP). American airports commonly operate under independent airport authorities and prioritize efficiency, large-scale hub-and-spoke networks, and commercial expansion through models like the aerotropolis. This report compares the strategic methods applied in both regions, including financing mechanisms, governance models, spatial planning, and innovation trends. The analysis highlights key lessons for adapting best practices to national contexts, especially for emerging economies seeking to enhance their airport infrastructure.
Съвременни проблеми на транспорта в България и тяхното влияние върху водните ресурси
Съвременни проблеми на транспорта в България и тяхното влияние върху водните ресурси
(Contemporary Problems of Transport in Bulgaria and Their Impact on Water Resources)
- Author(s):Desislava Stoyanova
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:363-370
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:transport; water resources; innovations
- Summary/Abstract:The transport sector in Bulgaria and its impact on water resources are of significant importance. The conducted review outlines the main ways in which transport affects water resources, the resulting environmental consequences, as well as the measures and best practices applied. A general analysis has been made of the environmental problems caused by the impact of transport on water resources in Bulgaria. Results: The presented results are based on data analysis from sources such as the Road Infrastructure Agency, Water Supply and Sewage EOOD – Sofia and Sofiyska Voda AD. Conclusion: The conclusion summarizes the findings of the analysis and outlines opportunities for better management of water resources, as well as ways to improve the transport sector in relation to its impact on water resources. Recommendations for sustainable management have also been proposed.
Financial Models in the Energy Sector: Contemporary Aspects
Financial Models in the Energy Sector: Contemporary Aspects
(Financial Models in the Energy Sector: Contemporary Aspects)
- Author(s):Ivelina Shtereva
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies, Green Transformation
- Page Range:371-376
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:financial models; green energy transition; green finances
- Summary/Abstract:Over the past decade, the energy sector has undergone profound transformation, particularly regarding the transition in primary energy sources. There is a rapidly accelerating shift from fossil fuels (oil, coal) toward renewable sources such as solar and wind energy. This transformation is largely driven by the prioritization of decarbonization and the deployment of climate-neutral energy sources, especially within Europe and the European Union. Following these changes in energy policy priorities, it is essential that financial models in the energy sector are adapted to new economic and social challenges. The growing importance of such „new financial models” lies in their central role in planning, analysing, and managing the financial sustainability of energy projects (at the micro level) and energy policies (at the macro level). These models are crucial for decision-making processes – from large-scale investment in energy infrastructure to strategic planning for the transition toward renewables. This paper presents key financial methods applied in managing the transition toward a climate neutral and circular economy. Based on this analysis, conclusions are drawn regarding the applicability of these models in Bulgaria.
Насоки за развитие на електромобилността в товарния автомобилен транспорт
Насоки за развитие на електромобилността в товарния автомобилен транспорт
(Guidelines for the Development of Electromobility in Freight Road Transport)
- Author(s):Kostadin Spasov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies, Governance, Public Administration, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:377-386
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:electromobility; electric cars; freight transport
- Summary/Abstract:Over the past decade, electromobility has established itself as a strategic direction in the development of the transport sector. Against the backdrop of growing environmental challenges and the need for energy transformation, society, industry, and institutions are focusing their attention on electric vehicles as a sustainable alternative to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. Electric vehicles are undergoing dynamic technological progress, including improvements in battery systems, the development of charging infrastructure, and integration with renewable energy sources. In this context, clear guidelines are being developed to support electromobility through legislative initiatives, consumer incentives, and investment in research and development. This report examines the market for electric trucks, analyzes the incentives used for their implementation by leading regions, and presents the main innovations and prospects that will contribute to their development and establishment as the primary means of freight transport. Finally, we address the question: Is it possible to fully electrify this sector?
Транспортните политики и начините на управление в пътническия железопътен транспорт на Република България и Чешката република
Транспортните политики и начините на управление в пътническия железопътен транспорт на Република България и Чешката република
(Transport Policies and Management Methods in Passenger Railway Transport of the Republic of Bulgaria and the Czech Republic)
- Author(s):Kaloyan Todorov
- Language:Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Economy, National Economy, Business Economy / Management, Transport / Logistics
- Page Range:387-397
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:passenger rail transport; Bulgaria; Czech Republic; transport policy; efficiency of public services
- Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this report is to examine and contrast the policies and governance approaches of passenger railway transport in the Republic of Bulgaria and the Czech Republic. The analysis focuses on the core components of the sector: governing authorities, infrastructure, rolling stock, services and operations, human resources, and the current condition of the passenger railway sector. The report is organized thematically, with each element divided into subtopics that enable a comparative evaluation of national policies, followed by the identification of best practices. The study relies primarily on statistical data, official reports, and scholarly publications, with particular emphasis on up-to-date sources. Comparative analysis is further complemented, where relevant, by insights drawn from the author’s personal experience. The findings indicate a clear advantage of Czech railway policies and governance structures, while Bulgaria demonstrates significant delays in policy implementation and sectoral development. The applicability of the identified best practices lies in their potential to serve as models for adaptation and improvement within the Bulgarian context.
