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100 YEARS SINCE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ROMANIAN PATRIARCHATE. THE CHALLENGES OF ORTHODOX THEOLOGY IN THE 20TH CENTURY Proceedings of the International Symposium: Mission, Spirituality, Culture Cover Image

100 DE ANI DE LA ÎNFIINȚAREA PATRIARHIEI ROMÂNE. PROVOCĂRILE TEOLOGIEI ORTODOXE ÎN SECOLUL AL XX-LEA Lucrările Simpozionului internațional: Misiune, Spiritualitate, Cultură
100 YEARS SINCE THE ESTABLISHMENT OF THE ROMANIAN PATRIARCHATE. THE CHALLENGES OF ORTHODOX THEOLOGY IN THE 20TH CENTURY Proceedings of the International Symposium: Mission, Spirituality, Culture

Contributor(s): Archbishop of Târgoviște Nifon (Editor), Florea Stefan (Editor), Marin Bugiulescu (Editor)
Subject(s): Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy
Published by: Ideas Forum International Academic and Scientific Association
Keywords: Orthodox theology; Romanian Patriarchate; 20th‑century theological challenges; ecclesiastical history; academic symposium;
Summary/Abstract: This volume includes the articles and studies presented during the International Scientific Symposium entitled ‘100 Years Since the Establishment of the Romanian Patriarchate. The Challenges of Orthodox Theology in the 20th Century’, held in Târgoviște from 3 to 5 June 2025. The event was organized by the Faculty of Theology and Educational Sciences, in collaboration with the Archdiocese of Târgoviște, ‘Valahia’ University of Târgoviște, the Dâmbovița County Council, the Târgoviște City Hall and Local Council, as well as the Dâmbovița County Cultural Center.

  • Print-ISBN-13: 978-973-0-43962-5
  • Page Count: 717
  • Publication Year: 2026
  • Language: Romanian
Centenarul Patriarhiei Române și provocări ale teologiei ortodoxe în secolul al XX-lea

Centenarul Patriarhiei Române și provocări ale teologiei ortodoxe în secolul al XX-lea
(The Romanian Patriarchate at Its Centenary: Challenges of Orthodox Theology in the Twentieth Century)

  • Author(s):Archbishop of Târgoviște Nifon
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:11-16
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:patriarchy; centenary; theology; mission; Orthodoxy;
  • Summary/Abstract:A century since the establishment of the Romanian Patriarchate is not merely a chronological milestone, but a moment of synthesis and reflection on the path traversed by the Romanian Orthodox Church throughout history and on its role in the spiritual, cultural, and identity-forming life of the Romanian people. The Patriarchate has proven to be not only an administrative institution, but also a pillar of endurance and a moral compass, accompanying the nation through its most severe trials and offering the light of faith in times of darkness. Looking retrospectively, we observe that the Romanian Patriarchate has been present at all the major moments of modern history: in the struggle for national unity, in the defense of human dignity in the face of totalitarian regimes, in the support of the people during periods of crisis, and in the spiritual rebirth that followed 1989. The martyrs of the communist prisons, the clergy who kept the flame of faith alive, and the theologians who elevated Romanian Orthodoxy to a universal academic level stand as testimony that our Church has been, and remains, a living, creative, and witnessing force. The challenges faced by Orthodox theology in the twentieth century were manifold: confrontation with ideologies of death, adaptation to social and cultural transformations, dialogue with other theological traditions, and, more recently, engagement with the digital sphere and emerging technologies. The monumental work of Saint Priest-Confessor Dumitru Stăniloae, together with the contributions of other great Romanian theologians, has demonstrated that Romanian Orthodoxy can be profound, original, and relevant, offering the entire world a living image of Christian truth.
Vizitele reciproce dintre patriarhii României și mitropoliții Poloniei (1925- 2025). Semnificația lor pentru relația dintre cele două biserici

Vizitele reciproce dintre patriarhii României și mitropoliții Poloniei (1925- 2025). Semnificația lor pentru relația dintre cele două biserici
(Reciprocal Visits between the Patriarchs of Romania and the Metropolitans of Poland [1925–2025] and their Significance for the Relationship between the Two Churches)

  • Author(s):Gheorghe PANKOWSKI
  • Contributor(s):Ion-Marian Croitoru (Translator)
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History of Church(es), Theology and Religion
  • Page Range:17-38
  • No. of Pages:22
  • Keywords:Romanian Patriarchate; Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church; Patriarch and Prime Minister of Romania Miron; Church Primates; autocephaly;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Centenary of the Romanian Orthodox Church's acquisition of Patriarchate status is an excellent inspiration for exploring the bilateral relations between the Polish Autocephalous Orthodox Church and the Romanian Orthodox Patriarchate. It is worth noting that the Romanian Patriarchate was one of the few to delegate a representative to Warsaw for the ceremony of proclaiming autocephaly in 1925. From that moment, there was a noticeable intensification of official mutual church visits, led by the state-church visit of Patriarch and Prime Minister of Romania Miron, who was considered a great friend of Poland. The visits of the Metropolitans of Warsaw and all of Poland, Dionysius, Basil, and Sava, were received with equal respect by the Romanian side. Patriarchs Justin (a professor at the University of Warsaw), Teoctist, and Daniel also maintained close contacts with Poland. The exchange of theology students also played a significant role in the bilateral ecclesiastical relations between both Churches.
Antim Ivireanul – fundamente sacre și seculare ale modernizării culturale

Antim Ivireanul – fundamente sacre și seculare ale modernizării culturale
(Anthim the Iberian-Sacred and Secular Foundations of Cultural Modernization)

  • Author(s):Irakli Brachuli
  • Contributor(s):Alexandru-Corneliu Arion (Translator)
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Social Sciences, Education, History of Church(es), Theology and Religion
  • Page Range:39-43
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:culture; education; sacred; secular;
  • Summary/Abstract:The essay is a study of the role of Saint Anthim the Iberian as one of the main figures of Romanian and Georgian cultural modernization in the 17th-18th centuries. His life and work combined spiritual and secular aspects, which gives him a unique place as one of the main representatives of the post-Byzantine Renaissance and Enlightenment era in the world of Eastern Christianity, in particular in the Balkans. He connected both spiritual and secular spheres. He was the Metropolitan of Valahia in 1708–1715 and played an important role in the development of Georgian and Romanian cultural and religious relations - in the establishment of typography, in the translation and publication of interlingual texts, in the establishment of a new model of religious and secular education, as well as in the strengthening of cultural and religious relations. Saint Anthim the Iberian was one of the first to start printing Georgian books, thereby making a significant contribution to the preservation and spread of Georgian culture.
Resursele psihologice de intervenție pastorală în slujirea socială a ortodoxiei românești contemporane. Vertebrarea filantropică a misiunii BOR, la 100 de ani de patriarhat

Resursele psihologice de intervenție pastorală în slujirea socială a ortodoxiei românești contemporane. Vertebrarea filantropică a misiunii BOR, la 100 de ani de patriarhat
(Pastoral Ministry, Psychology, and Philanthropy: Articulating the Social Mission of the Romanian Orthodox Church at Its Patriarchal Centenary)

  • Author(s):Teofil Tia
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations, Psychology of Religion
  • Page Range:44-57
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:integrative pastoral care; pastoral psychology; applied philanthropy; professional social intervention; spiritual counseling; psychotherapeutic pastoral care;
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the psychological dimension of pastoral intervention within the context of the social ministry of the contemporary Romanian Orthodox Church, analyzing how psychological resources can support the Church’s philanthropic mission a century after the establishment of the Patriarchate. In an increasingly complex social landscape, the Romanian Orthodox Church is called to structure its charitable actions not only theologically and institutionally, but also psychologically – through an integrative and professional pastoral approach. The article offers an interdisciplinary analysis of psychological resources that can reinforce pastoral intervention within the Church’s social ministry, at a moment of historical reflection marking 100 years since the founding of the Patriarchate. It identifies contemporary psychological tools which, when integrated within an Orthodox theological framework, can enhance ecclesial philanthropy, thereby strengthening the spiritual, institutional, and communal coherence of the Church’s mission. Emphasis is placed on the need for pastoral care that is adapted to the current social context – through the development of clergy training in applied psychological competencies, interdisciplinary collaboration, and the implementation of pastoral practices with tangible psychosocial impact.
Șase proiecte pastorale în simfonie. Cuvântările patriarhilor Bisericii Ortodoxe Române rostite cu prilejul solemnităților de întronizare

Șase proiecte pastorale în simfonie. Cuvântările patriarhilor Bisericii Ortodoxe Române rostite cu prilejul solemnităților de întronizare
(Six Pastoral Visions in Harmony: Enthronement Discourses of the Romanian Orthodox Patriarchs)

  • Author(s):Viorel SAVA
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
  • Page Range:58-81
  • No. of Pages:24
  • Keywords:sermon; Patriarchs; symphony; tradition; theological education; social dialog;
  • Summary/Abstract:The article is based on the six sermons delivered by the Romanian Patriarchs on the enthronement days. Even though they were delivered in a very different social, economic, cultural, political, and pastoral context, the six sermons appear like six projects in a symphony. All of them refer to the tradition of the Church and the experience of their predecessors, the need of knowing the Holy Bible and the Holy Fathers of the Church writings, paying great attention to the theological and cultural training of both priests and monks. I addition, the six Patriarchs focussed on social activities and diplomatic dialog with political authorities.
Autocefalia în dialogul interortodox contemporan: Poziția Bisericii Ortodoxe Române

Autocefalia în dialogul interortodox contemporan: Poziția Bisericii Ortodoxe Române
(Autocephaly in Contemporary Inter-Orthodox Dialogue: The Stance of the Romanian Orthodox Church)

  • Author(s):Gabriel-Viorel Gârdan
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:82-101
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Keywords:autocephaly; dialog; inter-Orthodox; unity; communion;
  • Summary/Abstract:Contemporary inter-Orthodox dialogue seeks to find pragmatic answers to the challenges facing the Orthodox Churches. This dialogue has created the conditions for new fruitful and hopeful encounters both for Christian unity and for a more articulated Orthodox vision of the challenges of Christian witness in contemporary times. In this study, we aim to take a look at the history of inter-Orthodox dialogue on the topic of autocephaly and highlight the contributions of the Romanian Orthodox Church to this dialogue. In order to understand the stakes of this dialogue, we also offer a brief overview of the issue of autocephaly, with direct reference to our Church's contribution to clarifying certain theological aspects related to this principle of church organization. It should be noted, however, that the subject of the debate was neither the unity of the Church nor the legitimacy and content of the principle of autocephaly. The discussions focused on two main questions: what happens to Churches that proclaim themselves autocephalous against the will of the Mother Church? And how can autocephaly be canonically proclaimed with the consent of a Mother Church? Two new questions were immediately raised: who is the Mother Church? And can Churches in the Orthodox world act without the consent of the Ecumenical Patriarchate? The main points of disagreement among the participants in the dialogue concerned two issues: canonical competence for proclaiming the autocephaly of a Church and the canonical procedure for proclaiming autocephaly and obtaining Orthodox consensus. The theses presented during the dialogue between the Orthodox Churches clearly show that the main points of divergence do not concern the substance of the institution of autocephaly, but rather the manner of its proclamation, the procedure to be followed, and the ecclesiastical authority competent to initiate and manage this procedure.
Contribuția Sfântului părinte mărturisitor Dumitru Stăniloae la adâncirea învățăturii despre relaţiile de comuniune a persoanelor treimice, despre odihnirea şi strălucirea Duhului Sfânt în/şi prin Fiul

Contribuția Sfântului părinte mărturisitor Dumitru Stăniloae la adâncirea învățăturii despre relaţiile de comuniune a persoanelor treimice, despre odihnirea şi strălucirea Duhului Sfânt în/şi prin Fiul
(St. Dumitru Stăniloae’s Contribution to Trinitarian Communion: The Rest and Radiance of the Holy Spirit in and through the Son)

  • Author(s):Mihai Himcinschi
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
  • Page Range:102-128
  • No. of Pages:27
  • Keywords:Trinity; person; communion; perichoresis; Godhead; grace;
  • Summary/Abstract:The dogma of the Holy Trinity is the vital center of the Orthodox Church. This teaching is developed by Father Stăniloae through the prism of a dynamic personalism, as opposed to Western triadology, which is tributary to a static, depersonalized essentialism. God exists as a Trinity of Persons from eternity; this interpersonal love preceded creation and rose as a mystery or secret of existence above all dogmatic teachings. Through it, everything is explained, and without it, nothing can be explained. As a Trinity of Persons, Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, God is an inexhaustible source of love, a communion of Persons in unity. Only as a Person or as a Trinity of Persons can God unite us with Himself in an unmistakable way without the risk of confusing us, of losing us in the divine through an impersonal essentialism of a pantheistic nature.
Sfântul preot mucenic Ilarion Felea – o viziune unitară și eclesial-experimentală asupra teologiei

Sfântul preot mucenic Ilarion Felea – o viziune unitară și eclesial-experimentală asupra teologiei
(Saint Hieromartyr Ilarion Felea: A Unified and Ecclesial- Experiential Vision of Theology)

  • Author(s):Cristinel Ioja
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
  • Page Range:129-137
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Saint Hilarion Felea; unification of theology; Liturgy; Dogma; Philokalia; Lives of the Saints;
  • Summary/Abstract:In this study, we have highlighted the unitary vision of the holy priest Hilarion Felea. We have identified the stages and sources of this unitary vision of Theology. We have also emphasized the importance of a living, confessing theology deepened in unity with Scipture, the Liturgy and the Philokalia. The major concern of Saint Hilarion Felea was not theology, but the service of the community and the faithful through theology. His theological thinking is fertilized by the priestly service, by the liturgical land pastoral rhythms of the Church. The main guide of such an approach was not a system of concepts, an epistemological reflection, but the models of the Saints who embodied in their lives the entire message revealed and transmitted in and through the Church. Therefore, the importance of a unitary vision of Theology is linked to the strength of an incarnate theological message, experienced ecclesially according to the living models of the Saints. Such an approach remains permanently current for every theologian and historical era. Saint Hilarion, although he uses the conceptual systems of the time, does not remain their prisoner, but opens them, because he centers them in the Person of Christ and in the Lives of the Saints. From this point, the unity of Theology becomes a Christian modus vivendi according to the model of the Saints. The highest proof that fulfills his intuition and theological approach is his martyrdom according to the model of the Saints of the Synaxares at Aiud in 1961. Thus, in the confession of the martyrs, Theology is unified.
Pelerinajul eclesial în Evanghelia după Luca și în Faptele Apostolilor: o călătorie a credinței și mărturiei. Glasul blând al micii turme în țesătura narațiunii lucanice

Pelerinajul eclesial în Evanghelia după Luca și în Faptele Apostolilor: o călătorie a credinței și mărturiei. Glasul blând al micii turme în țesătura narațiunii lucanice
(The Ecclesial Pilgrimage in Luke-Acts: A Journey of Faith and Witness)

  • Author(s):Daniel Ayuch
  • Contributor(s):Alexandru-Corneliu Arion (Translator)
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Biblical studies
  • Page Range:138-154
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Keywords:Luke–Acts; Pilgrimage; Ecclesiology; Apostolic witness; Little flock; Nomadism; Pastoral leadership; Diaspora; Mobility and mission; Lucan theology;
  • Summary/Abstract:This article explores the Lukan narrative as a foundational witness to an ecclesial identity shaped by pilgrimage. Far from depicting movement as mere geographical displacement, Luke–Acts presents pilgrimage as a theological and existential paradigm that redefines the church as a “little flock” in continual motion. The study analyzes five key dimensions: the theological framework of pilgrimage rooted in biblical tradition; Jesus Christ as the archetypal pilgrim who embodies voluntary detachment; apostolic witness that transforms dispersion into a strategy of missionary expansion; pastoral themes centered on care, solidarity, and material renunciation; and the ecclesial paradigm of pilgrimage, which portrays the early community as dynamic, resilient, and universally inclusive. Through this framework, the Lukan narrative challenges sedentary models of power, highlighting mobility, transformation, and adaptability as essential marks of Christian identity and mission. The article concludes that the Lucan Diptych offers a revolutionary vision for the church, calling contemporary communities to embrace a faith lived in movement, in solidarity, and in constant witness to the Kingdom of God.
Biserica Ortodoxă a Georgiei: influențe străine și legăturile ei cu autoritățile statale

Biserica Ortodoxă a Georgiei: influențe străine și legăturile ei cu autoritățile statale
(The Georgian Orthodox Church: External Influences and Its Relations with State Authorities)

  • Author(s):Gocha BARNOVI
  • Contributor(s):Ion-Marian Croitoru (Translator)
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy
  • Page Range:155-178
  • No. of Pages:24
  • Keywords:Autocephaly; Orthodox Church of Georgia; Russification; Church– State Relations; Georgian National Identity; Byzantine Model; Soviet Influence; Religious Freedom; Political Power; European Integration
  • Summary/Abstract:The Orthodox Church of Georgia is one of the oldest and most enduring institutions shaping Georgian national and cultural identity. Since the adoption of Christianity in the fourth century, the Church has served as a cornerstone of statehood and social cohesion, fusing faith with the national ideal. The traditional Byzantine model of symphonia between Church and state structured their relationship for centuries within a framework of mutual legitimization and support. The annexation of Georgia by the Russian Empire in the nineteenth century disrupted this balance. Following the abolition of the Church’s autocephaly in 1811, the imperial government pursued a policy of Russification through religion, transforming the Church into an instrument of political assimilation. The subordination to Moscow, the removal of the Georgian Patriarchate, and the appointment of Russian exarchs curtailed ecclesiastical independence and inflicted deep wounds on the nation’s spiritual and cultural memory. During the Soviet era, the Church was first suppressed and later co-opted as a vehicle of state policy. In 1943, Joseph Stalin restored the Church’s autocephaly—not out of respect for religion, but as part of a broader strategy of ideological control and wartime mobilization. Throughout the Cold War, the Georgian Church, like others in the Soviet bloc, participated in international ecclesiastical dialogues under strict political supervision. After the restoration of state independence in 1991, the Orthodox Church regained its privileged position in public life. The 1995 Constitution affirmed the secular character of the state while recognizing the Church’s historical role, and the 2002 Concordat formalized its privileges, including tax exemptions and state funding. Yet these privileges have also raised concerns about equality among religious communities and the neutrality of the state. Today, as Georgia pursues European integration, the Church stands at a critical juncture: it must reconcile its spiritual mission with democratic values and political independence, ensuring that religious authority serves the moral integrity of society without yielding to external or partisan influence.
Tâlcuire fenomenologică și reflecție filosofico-teologică asupra «zilei întâi» a Sfântului mitropolit Antim Avireanul

Tâlcuire fenomenologică și reflecție filosofico-teologică asupra «zilei întâi» a Sfântului mitropolit Antim Avireanul
(Phenomenological Philosophical-Theological Discourse of the Saint Metropolitan’s ,,First Day’’)

  • Author(s):Demiri JALAGHONIA
  • Contributor(s):Alexandru-Corneliu Arion (Translator)
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
  • Page Range:179-187
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Anthim the Iberian; levels of knowledge of Biblical Truths; Christian Anthropology;
  • Summary/Abstract:Saint Anthim the Iberian, a great theologian, a profound thinker, and a seeker of truth who aspired to the path of perfection. For him, the ultimate ideal is Christ and service to Him. Through the manifestation of spiritual resilience, stoicism, intellectual strength, and personal perfection, he offers a remarkable example of self- sacrifice in pursuit of embodying true ideals. With humility, Anthim's sermons offer a kind of moral admonition. Among them the central place is occupied by the sermon “That is what I said when I became Metropolitan”. It reveals the entire essence of the phenomenological approach to the problem of man.
Tiparul cărţilor de cult în limba română, expresie a unității naționale și premisă a autocefaliei Bisericii Ortodoxe Române

Tiparul cărţilor de cult în limba română, expresie a unității naționale și premisă a autocefaliei Bisericii Ortodoxe Române
(The printing of liturgical books in the Romanian language as an expression of national unity and the foundation of the autocephaly of the Romanian Orthodox Church)

  • Author(s):Ioan Moldoveanu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy
  • Page Range:188-207
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Keywords:tipar; tipografii; carte veche; manuscris; unire; autocefalie; literatură veche; Coresi;
  • Summary/Abstract:With regard to the history of Romanian writing, it must be noted that it is of considerable antiquity, being attested in documents as early as the 12th century – an indication that the language was already fully formed by that time. Today, there should be no doubt that Romanian has been spoken in this region since ancient times, even though Church Slavonic came to be used in official state contexts as well as in ecclesiastical settings. A key piece of evidence demonstrating that Romanian was already a developed and functioning language when Slavonic was adopted in certain domains is the linguistic fact that no grammatically complete sentence – comprising both subject and predicate – can be constructed solely from words of Slavic origin, despite the fact that approximately one-sixth of the Romanian lexicon is derived from Slavic sources.
Sfințenia pământului românesc

Sfințenia pământului românesc
(The Holiness of the Romanian Land)

  • Author(s):Emil Jurcan
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy
  • Page Range:208-218
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:spirituality; persecution; monasticism; liturgy; asceticism;
  • Summary/Abstract:I have tried in this work to present the typology of Romanian Orthodox spirituality. There are a multitude of saints who can make up a purely Romanian calendar. I have briefly presented spiritual personalities with holy life and thought, who are the emblems of an authentic Christian experience, lovers of liturgy and the sacred word. Finally, I have mentioned a name, quite forgotten by the ecclesiastical institution, but who was a mountain of prayer of the heart and of living in asceticism, Father Arsenie Praja. Perhaps someday, posterity will give him the place he deserves in the calendar of Romanian holiness.
Reducționismul etic și alienare socială, ca factori de subminare a sistemului ortodox de valori

Reducționismul etic și alienare socială, ca factori de subminare a sistemului ortodox de valori
(Ethical Reductionism and Social Alienation as Factors undermining the Orthodox Value System)

  • Author(s):Nicolae Brînzea
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:219-228
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:valori ortodoxe; etică; morală; reducționism; alienare socială; secularizare; comuniune;
  • Summary/Abstract:Modul în care reducționismul etic și alienarea socială acționează în societatea contemporană, ca factori de subminare a sistemului ortodox de valori, reprezintă un semnal de alarmă pentru Misiunea Bisericii Ortodoxe în societatea contemporană. Atenția trebuie bine orientată spre definirea termenilor, a conceptelor de bază care să genereze o analiză pertinentă privind impactul lor asupra vieții morale și spirituale, din perspectiva teologiei ortodoxe. Printr-o analiză teologică și patristică, lucrarea arată cum pierderea sensului existențial și criza valorilor rezultată din aceste fenomene pot fi contracarate prin redescoperirea rădăcinilor duhovnicești, a teonomiei (ordinea divină) și a ethosului filantropic al tradiției ortodoxe. De asemenea, sunt discutate implicațiile acestor provocări pentru pastorația și misiunea Bisericii Ortodoxe în lumea actuală, subliniindu- se necesitatea unei reînnoite mărturii creștine care să răspundă alienării și relativismului moral din societatea contemporană. De aceea subliniez necesitatea reafirmării ethosului misionar ortodox bazat pe iubire și comuniune, ca răspuns la aceste fenomene.
Sfântul mărturisitor Cuviosul Arsenie de la mănăstirea Prislop, un isihast al vremurilor de acum. Portret duhovnicesc

Sfântul mărturisitor Cuviosul Arsenie de la mănăstirea Prislop, un isihast al vremurilor de acum. Portret duhovnicesc
(St Confessor, Venerable Arsenie of Prislop Monastery, a Contemporary Hesychast: A Spiritual Portrait)

  • Author(s):Vasile Vlad
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
  • Page Range:229-246
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:the life; work; and theological thought of Father Arsenie; renowned authors on Father Arsenie; the holiness and hesychasm of Father Arsenie; the monasteries of Sâmbăta de Sus and Prislop;
  • Summary/Abstract:Approaching the life, work, and thinking of Father Arsenie Boca is a complex and particularly difficult, yet necessary, undertaking. Many books have been published about the life, miracles, and thinking of the Reverend Arsenie, with astonishing print runs. They have been distributed widely among believers, creating an image of the Father that is as confusing as it is contradictory. Father Arsenie's hesychastic image is marked by the philocalic spirit that he lived fully and that he wanted to imprint on monastic life at Sâmbăta de Sus and then at Prislop Monastery. Through Father Arsenie, monastic life in Transylvania sought its authentic Orthodox roots at a time when the Romanian Orthodox Church was confronted with the atheistic communist ideology that had been imposed on Romanian society since the beginning of the 20th century. Father Arsenie's theological writings, together with the Philokalia translated by Saint Dumitru Stăniloae, represent the resistance of authentic Orthodox spirituality and Romanian monasticism against the "non licet esse vos" of Romanian society.
De la proclamarea bisericii autocefale a României (1885) la ridicarea în rangul de Patriarhie (1925): premise istorice și canonice

De la proclamarea bisericii autocefale a României (1885) la ridicarea în rangul de Patriarhie (1925): premise istorice și canonice
(From the Proclamation of the Autocephalous Church of Romania [1885] to Its Elevation to Patriarchate [1925]: Historical and Canonical Premises)

  • Author(s):Ioan Panaiotópulos
  • Contributor(s):Ion-Marian Croitoru (Translator)
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History of Church(es), Theology and Religion
  • Page Range:247-255
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Church; State; Empire; Priesthood; cooperation; symphonia; autocephaly; Ecumenical Patriarchate; Orthodox Church of Romania; Romanian Patriarchate;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Church and the State, as two complete forms of social organization, each exercise a mission that is, on the one hand, different, and on the other hand, complementary. The purpose of the Church is the salvation of man, integrating him into the Body of Christ through Baptism, Chrismation, and the Divine Eucharist. The State has the duty to care for social cohesion, justice, and the good order of public life, according to natural and divine law. In the first Christian centuries, the Church and the State coexisted as distinct authorities. Nevertheless, the Greco-Roman world allowed an organic cooperation between the two. In the Byzantine period, this relationship took the form of a “cooperation”, that is, a collaboration between the Empire and the Priesthood, in a spirit of mutual respect and distinction of competences. Even so, Byzantine history experienced moments of conflict, such as during the reign of the iconoclast emperor Leo VI, who proclaimed that “I am both emperor and priest”, leading this conflict to the extreme form of caesaropapism, which caused a deep crisis in the relations between Church and State, until their restoration through the Triumph of Orthodoxy (843). The historical evolution of the Orthodox Church of Romania constitutes a characteristic example of the way in which national development was closely linked with ecclesiastical “emancipation”. This Church, having a decisive role in the formation of Romanian national identity, was at first subject to the spiritual jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Through long efforts and in the context of a national consciousness coming to the surface, this Church succeeded in being proclaimed autocephalous, in 1885, and, subsequently, was elevated to the rank of Patriarchate, in 1925.
Învățătura patristică despre participarea creștinului la război

Învățătura patristică despre participarea creștinului la război
(Patristic Doctrine regarding the Christian’s involvement in Warfare)

  • Author(s):Miltiade Vanțos
  • Contributor(s):Ion-Marian Croitoru (Translator)
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Sociology of Religion
  • Page Range:256-265
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:War; patristic teaching; killing; penance; forgiveness; healing; St. Athanasius the Great; St. Basil the Great; Christian ethics
  • Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the ethical acceptability of Christian participation in war from an Orthodox perspective, based primarily on two patristic references: one from St. Athanasius the Great and another from St. Basil the Great. St. Athanasius' passage suggests that while murder is generally prohibited, it may be lawful and praiseworthy in the context of war. Some interpretations see this as accepting Christian participation in war as a morally acceptable and virtuous act. Others argue that this passage reflects the view of the state rather than that of the Church. St. Basil's passage, on the other hand, is more systematic and takes the form of a canon. It distinguishes killing in war from other forms of murder and suggests a three-year abstinence from the Eucharist as a mild penance. Interpretations of this canon vary, with some seeing it as justifying some wars as moral goods and others seeing it as a lesser evil. The article concludes by discussing the similarities between the two patristic passages, such as the distinction between killing in war and other forms of murder, the milder approach to war-related killing, and the emphasis on forgiveness as a means of spiritual healing. It suggests that the Orthodox ethical perspective tends to see Christian participation in war as a necessary or lesser evil rather than a morally good act and emphasises the need for repentance and forgiveness because of the inability to fully follow the teachings of the Gospel in the context of war.
Narațiune creștină despre pocăință în zorii iluminismului – Sfântul Antim Ivireanul

Narațiune creștină despre pocăință în zorii iluminismului – Sfântul Antim Ivireanul
(Christian Narration on Repentance in Early Enlightenment ‒ Saint Anthim the Iberian)

  • Author(s):Anastasia Zakariadze
  • Contributor(s):Alexandru-Corneliu Arion (Translator)
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
  • Page Range:266-272
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Saint Anthim the Iberian; repentance; Early Enlightenment;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Holy Hierarch Saint Anthim the Iberian, at the beginning of the Early Enlightenment, strove for a harmonious synthesis of knowledge and faith – a program he successfully implemented in his works. Through both his pastoral and theoretical activities, Saint Anthim contributed significantly to the protection and dissemination of traditional Christian values. This contribution has earned his heritage national and international importance. Among the many themes in his legacy, one concept stands out: repentance. In his works, Saint Anthim places repentance at the center of his Christian narration, a key theme that underpins his theological and pastoral writings.
Omul în tensiunea dintre absență și speranță

Omul în tensiunea dintre absență și speranță
(Man between Emptiness and Hope)

  • Author(s):Valerian RAMISHVILI
  • Contributor(s):Alexandru-Corneliu Arion (Translator)
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Philosophy, Special Branches of Philosophy, Philosophy of Religion
  • Page Range:273-281
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Christianity; Heidegger; emptiness; faith; Hope as expectation;
  • Summary/Abstract:Heidegger opposed the intolerability of emptiness to the expectation of God. Heidegger say "my philosophy is the expectation of God". This means that the present situation requires an appropriate form of philosophical thinking. Heidegger is not talking about a new religion, he believes that a renaissance of Christian faith must take place, based on the new forms of philosophical and theological thinking about God, which will carry out the spiritual preparation of man for an encounter with God. It prepares us a readiness for the appearance of a God, or the absence of a God.
Crezul de la Niceea și impactul său teologic

Crezul de la Niceea și impactul său teologic
(The Nicean Creed and Its Theological Impact)

  • Author(s):Florea Ștefan
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:282-290
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:creed; confession; council; doctrine; consubstantiality;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Nicene Creed is one of the most significant theological accomplishments of early Christianity, having had a decisive impact both on the doctrinal structure of the Church and on its spiritual identity. Through the clear, concise, and resolute articulation of the dogma of the Holy Trinity, the Council of Nicaea laid the foundation for an Orthodox understanding of God, one in essence, yet three in Persons: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. The affirmation of the consubstantiality of the Son with the Father (homoousios tō Patri) became a cornerstone in preserving the revealed truth and in safeguarding the faith against doctrinal distortions.
Schisma antiohiană post-niceană și Sfântul Vasile cel are Mare

Schisma antiohiană post-niceană și Sfântul Vasile cel are Mare
(The Post-Nicene Antiochian Schism and Saint Basil the Great)

  • Author(s):Vasile Raduca
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History of Church(es), Theology and Religion
  • Page Range:291-313
  • No. of Pages:23
  • Keywords:ecumenical council; christian; antioch; emperor;
  • Summary/Abstract:The First Ecumenical Council was the most important event in the history of the early Christian centuries. When Emperor Constantine the Great pacified the Roman Empire and granted freedom to the Church, he discovered that the very institution that was supposed to be the guarantor of peace in society—the Church—was divided because of the Arian heresy. The emperor tried to resolve this doctrinal conflict through letters and by means of his envoy, Bishop Hosius of Cordoba. The attempt proved futile. The only solution was to convene an ecumenical council to discuss the entire issue and adopt the most effective measures for the faith. The Council took place in the year 325, at Nicaea, in Bithynia (Asia Minor). Its decisions, which remain valid for Christianity even today, are well known. The bishops, with only two exceptions, signed the synodal conclusions and returned to their dioceses with the gifts received from the emperor—but some of them also carried back the same ideas they had brought with them to the council. Later, taking advantage of either the emperor’s weakness or his good faith toward the high representatives of the Church, these bishops formed a coalition under the leadership of Bishop Eusebius of Nicomedia and Metropolitan Eusebius of Caesarea in Palestine. Through their influence, Arius was reinstated (only his sudden death saved the Church from what would have followed), while Saints Athanasius (the new bishop of Alexandria) and Eustathius (the new bishop of Antioch)—the leading figures of the orthodox faction at Nicaea—were exiled. Eustathius died in exile. In his place, the Egyptian priest Euzoios, a friend of Arius who had once been excommunicated by Alexander, bishop of Alexandria, was installed. In Antioch, the orthodox faithful separated from the semi-Arians, thus creating the famous schism of Antioch. This schism deepened after, in 361, Lucifer of Cagliari ordained the priest Paulinus as bishop, despite the fact that Antioch already had a valid bishop (since 360), Saint Meletius, who was sent into exile first by Emperor Constantius and later by Valens. Antioch was the most respected episcopal center in the Prefecture of the East. The schism lasted until the year 398. Having become Metropolitan of Caesarea in Cappadocia in 371, Saint Basil the Great made extraordinary efforts to restore the unity of the Church in Antioch—efforts unparalleled in Church history for the sake of peace and reconciliation within the Church. Father Professor Dr. Vasile Răducă, in the study above, presents the endeavors of Saint Basil the Great—marked by his absolute fidelity to the doctrine established at the Council of Nicaea, by his desire for the unity of the Church, by his deeply ecumenical spirit, and by his love for all Christians—during a time when the great Metropolitan of Caesarea in Cappadocia, already gravely ill, faced severe difficulties due to Emperor Valens’ persecution and the opposition stirred by heterodox groups within his own diocese.
Intersubiectivitatea Sfintei Treimi ca sursă de lumină pentru etica socială, ecologică și liturgică ortodoxă

Intersubiectivitatea Sfintei Treimi ca sursă de lumină pentru etica socială, ecologică și liturgică ortodoxă
(The Intersubjectivity of the Holy Trinity as a source of light for Orthodox Social, Ecological and Liturgical Ethics)

  • Author(s):Daniel Munteanu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:314-329
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Orthodox social ethics; Public Theology; ecotheology; trinitarian intersubjectivity; kenosis; trinitarian rationality of action;
  • Summary/Abstract:In this paper, I will discuss the relationship between social teaching on the Holy Trinity and Orthodox social, ecological, and liturgical ethos. One of the primary questions concerns the responsibility of the Orthodox Church and theology in the face of contemporary challenges, particularly in relation to the ecological and social crisis. In the context of the environmental crisis facing our planet, the world, and the society in which we live, we must consider our theological responsibility for ecological sin, which is not only personal but also socio-cultural in nature. What can we learn from the intersubjective love of the Holy Trinity in relation to transforming our way of life into a lifestyle that is both liturgical, social, and ecological? The concept of rationality of action (Handlungsrationalität) and, especially, trinitarian rationality of action may be helpful here in demonstrating that trinitarian intersubjectivity implies a socio-ecological wisdom that should mark the action of the Church and Christians alike.
Sfântul Cuvios Mărturisitor Arsenie de la Prislop. Pictor Bisericesc

Sfântul Cuvios Mărturisitor Arsenie de la Prislop. Pictor Bisericesc
(Saint Venerable Confessor Arsenie of Prislop: Ecclesiastical Painter)

  • Author(s):Marcel Muntean
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
  • Page Range:330-342
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Saint pious venerable; Confessor; Arsenie Prislop; church painter;
  • Summary/Abstract:The study proposed to the reader brings to light the creative personality of Father Arsenie Boca, canonized this year with the title the Holy Pious Confessor Arsenie of Prislop. Among the most significant works of monumental art, iconography and sculpture, we note: the interior painting of the "Saint Nicholas" Church, also called the Drăgănescu Church, the fresco in the apse of the altar of the "Saint Eleftheria" Church in Bucharest, the icon of the Holy Parascheva from the "Saint Anthony" Church - Curtea Veche, the icon of the Healing Spring from the "Holy Trinity" Church in the Tei neighborhood of Bucharest, the "Epitaph of the Dormition of the Virgin Mary" from the Brâncoveni Monastery, the icon of Saint Joseph the New from Partoș from the Metropolitan residence in Timișoara, the icon of the Virgin Mary with the Child from the "Holy Trinity" Church in Chichiș, the cover of the Gospel from Făgăraș - Galați, the reliquary of Saint John the Baptist from the Bucium Monastery, Brașov County. Regarding the works that are subject to analysis in this study, we canwe can mention the fact that the icon painting and the few analyzed frescoes of the Holy Pious Confessor Arsenie of Prislop, or as he remained known by his contemporaries, of Father Arsenie Boca, remain inscribed and anchored in the Eastern tradition with all the elements of novelty and individuality, as could be ascertained from the present study.
Valențele apologiei bisericii în mărturisirea Sfântului preot mucenic Ilarion V. Felea

Valențele apologiei bisericii în mărturisirea Sfântului preot mucenic Ilarion V. Felea
(The Apologetic Aspects of the Church in the Witness of Hieromartyr Ilarion Felea)

  • Author(s):Caius Claudius Cuțaru
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
  • Page Range:343-360
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:Holy Priest Martyr Hilarion V. Felea; Romanian Apologetics; Orthodox Theology; Theology and culture;
  • Summary/Abstract:The present study captures the apologetic dimension of the work of the Holy Priest Martyr Hilarion V. Felea, a true defender of the faith in the face of the secular trends of European culture that were beginning to manifest themselves even then, but also in the face of militant atheism coming from the East. The specifics of his apologetics are presented in the context of the Romanian apologetics from the first half of the 20th century, which had as its representatives Irineu Mihălcescu or Ioan G. Savin. Next, the study captures the content of Father Felea's apologetics, presented in two subchapters entitled: Christianity is the true religion. The concept of religion and Theology and culture, in which the personal vision of the theologian from Arad is presented.
„Cel ce a despărțit Marea Roșie în două” (Psalmi 135, 13) sau despre paradigma misiunii bisericii în societatea contemporană

„Cel ce a despărțit Marea Roșie în două” (Psalmi 135, 13) sau despre paradigma misiunii bisericii în societatea contemporană
(The One Who Divided the Red Sea in Two ‒ Psalm 135:13 ‒ and the Paradigm of Mission in Contemporary Society)

  • Author(s):Paul-Cezar HÂRLĂOANU
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Biblical studies
  • Page Range:361-373
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Psalm 135/136; Sinai; Red Sea; Church’s mission; Israel; Egypt
  • Summary/Abstract:The author of Psalm 135 LXX/136 TM gives us o new way of understanding of the historical event of passing through the Red Sea. Starting from the Exodus and from Psalms, the reader of the Bible is invited to see some potential manifestation of how the mission of the Church should be done in our days.
O Biblie noua într-un context nouă. Ediția sinodală din 1936

O Biblie noua într-un context nouă. Ediția sinodală din 1936
(A New Bible for a New Context: The 1936 Synodal Edition)

  • Author(s):Remus Onișor
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:374-383
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Bible; Synodal Edition; Patriarchate; Miron Cristea; Translators; Romanian Language;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Bible has occupied a special place within the Romanian ecclesiastical and cultural sphere. The translation of scriptural texts into Romanian was driven both by internal initiatives and by influences from the Reformation and the humanist Renaissance. The 1936 edition of the Bible was primarily the result of Patriarch Miron Cristea’s initiative, who decided upon and approved the beginning of this important endeavor. The translation was rendered in a vivid and expressive Romanian language, which has profoundly influenced all subsequent editions of the Holy Scripture up to the present day. This edition continues the tradition of biblical translations in Romanian, starting with Simion Ștefan and extending to the synodal editions of 1914. The 1936 Bible stands as one of the fundamental pillars of the modern Romanian literary language and serves as a testimony to the elevation of the Romanian Church to the rank of Patriarchate.
Patriarhia Română – repere istorice şi evoluţie instituţională

Patriarhia Română – repere istorice şi evoluţie instituţională
(Romanian Patriarchate: Historical and Canonical Landmarks)

  • Author(s):Emilian-Iustinian ROMAN
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy
  • Page Range:384-396
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:αὐτοκεφαλία; patriarchy; patriarchs; church organization; church legislation;
  • Summary/Abstract:In this article, we seek to foster a culture of memory by revisiting the key stages in the ecclesiastical development of the Romanian Orthodox Church, from the attainment of autocephaly to its elevation to the rank of Patriarchate. The endeavour is undertaken within the framework of the 2025 Commemorative Year of the Romanian Patriarchate, dedicated to three landmark anniversaries: 140 years since the recognition of Romanian autocephaly (1885), 100 years since the elevation of the Church to the rank of Patriarchate (1925) and the consecration of the National Cathedral on the 26th October 2025. Furthermore, we have sought to highlight, through references to the testimonies of our predecessors, the major achievements of the Romanian patriarchs.
Ucenicul Timotei, vrednic iconom al tainelor lui Dumnezeu

Ucenicul Timotei, vrednic iconom al tainelor lui Dumnezeu
(The disciple Timothy, a worthy steward of the mysteries of God)

  • Author(s):Mihail Teodorescu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
  • Page Range:397-409
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:discipleship; apostolate; devotion; sacrifice; minister; salvation;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Word of Life brought us the saving teaching from the state of sin and offered us the way to transform our lives and souls. This chance had to be offered to all people, and the spread of the Gospel was done through the Apostles of the Lord and their disciples. Among them, the Apostle Timothy stood out in particular by contributing to the mission of the Apostle Paul, then continuing his guiding and evangelizing role as bishop of Ephesus.
Arhitectura procesului civil, între dreptul român și exigențele dreptului European

Arhitectura procesului civil, între dreptul român și exigențele dreptului European
(The Architecture of the civil process, between Romanian law and the requirements of European law)

  • Author(s):Cosmin Santi
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Civil Law, EU-Legislation, Sociology of Law
  • Page Range:410-447
  • No. of Pages:38
  • Keywords:Constitutionality; Civil Law; The Principles of Civil Procedure; Jurisprudence; European Convention on Human Rights;
  • Summary/Abstract:The study analyses the fundamental principles of Romanian Civil Procedural law as essential normative benchmarks for conducting a fair trial. These principles are not only of theoretical value, but also constitute binding legal norms enshrined in the Romanian Constitution, the Romanian Code of Civil Procedure and international human rights instruments. The study highlights civil procedural principles (e.g. The principle of free access to justice, The principle of availability, Contradictoriality, The active role of the judge, Right to defence, Orality of the debates, Publicity, The principle of continuity) presented from a doctrinal, normative, and jurisprudential perspective. Special attention is paid to the European dimension of civil proceedings, with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights and the Court of Justice of the European Union imposing standards such as non-discrimination, equivalence, and the direct effect of Community rules. Thus, the national judge becomes the guarantor of the harmonization of domestic law with European law. The conclusions emphasize the importance of procedural principles as guarantees for the protection of subjective rights and for strengthening public confidence in the act of justice through transparency, impartiality, and celerity.
Sacrul între arhetip și istorie: o reflecție fenomenologică

Sacrul între arhetip și istorie: o reflecție fenomenologică
(The Sacred between Archetype and History: A phenomenological reflection)

  • Author(s):Alexandru-Corneliu Arion
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:448-471
  • No. of Pages:24
  • Keywords:sacred and profane; phenomenology; history; archetype; M. Eliade; dialectics; communion; religious human being; magic; myths; consciousness;
  • Summary/Abstract:In today’s world, the sacred and the profane coexist, and humanity’s religious task is to uncover the sacred beyond the sensory realm. The sacred, a reality of a different order, manifests through hierophanies and is defined by its opposition to the profane. These two modes of existence (sacred and profane) have shaped human life throughout history, appearing in practices such as magic, ancestor cults, and myths. For Eliade, awareness of the sacred belongs to the structure of human consciousness, not merely to its historical development. Modern individuals, however, often meet sacred manifestations with skepticism, reducing acts like eating or sexuality to mere biology, while archaic humans experienced them as sacraments. Religion, therefore, always presupposes the tension between sacred and profane, for, as Eliade insists, to be fully human is to be religious.
Ortodoxia și criza sensului. Universalitatea revelației în fața nihilismului contemporan

Ortodoxia și criza sensului. Universalitatea revelației în fața nihilismului contemporan
(Orthodoxy and the crisis of meaning: the universality of revelation in the face of contemporary nihilism)

  • Author(s):Roger Cristian Safta
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:472-502
  • No. of Pages:31
  • Keywords:nihilism; existential meaning; Revelation; Orthodoxy; Church; universality;
  • Summary/Abstract:The present paper offers a theological and philosophical analysis of one of the most pressing issues of the modern and postmodern age: the loss of existential meaning, which has arisen in the context of the advance of nihilism, axiological relativism, and identity fragmentation. Through an interdisciplinary approach, the study highlights that the root of the crisis of meaning does not lie in social or cultural mutations, but in the ontological rupture produced by humanity’s estrangement from God and from the horizon of Revelation. Orthodoxy does not respond to this crisis by pragmatic adaptation to the spirit of the age or by ideological syncretism, but by reaffirming the centrality of divine Revelation, lived and actualized within the Church as the space of existential encounter with Christ. The meaning of human existence is presented as being inextricably linked to communion with God and to participation in the liturgical and sacramental life of the Church, while the universality of Revelation is not understood as a mere cultural extension, but as the ontological foundation of the human vocation to deification. Thus, in the face of fragmentation, alienation, and metaphysical apathy characteristic of liquid modernity, Orthodoxy proposes the rediscovery of meaning through participation in ecclesial life, the assumption of Tradition, and the integral experience of the encounter with the incarnate Logos, which constitutes both the foundation and the ultimate horizon of every human aspiration towards meaning, fulfillment, and salvation.
Religie, ideologie și violență în modernitate. O lectură teologică și antropologică

Religie, ideologie și violență în modernitate. O lectură teologică și antropologică
(Religion, ideology and violence in modernity. A theological and anthropological reading)

  • Author(s):Sorin Bute
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:503-522
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Keywords:natural religion; biblical revelation; violence; scapegoat mechanism; political religions; person; ideology;
  • Summary/Abstract:This article examines the relationship between religion, ideology, and violence in modernity, starting from the tension between two opposing theses: that religion has been the primary historical source of conflict, and that the highly secularized twentieth century represents the apex of collective violence. The distinction between natural, idolatrous religion—structured around sacrificial- violent mechanisms—and biblical revelation, which desacralizes violence and establishes the centrality of the person, proves decisive. Engaging with Jan Assmann, Friedrich Nietzsche, René Girard, and Eric Voegelin, the study argues that Judaism and Christianity expose the scapegoat mechanism, separate the religious from the political sphere, and radically limit the legitimacy of violence. Modern ideologies are interpreted as “political religions” that reproduce ancient idolatry in secular form, sacralizing the collective (race, class, nation) and rendering the individual expendable. The conclusion reached is that the extreme violence of modernity is not explained by Christianity, but by the loss of the Christian ethos and by an idolatrous regression; the only coherent antidote remains the biblical anthropology of the person and the ethic of love.
Mărturisitori în temnițele comuniste: preoți-profesori ai Academei/ Institutului Teologic Ortodox din Cluj

Mărturisitori în temnițele comuniste: preoți-profesori ai Academei/ Institutului Teologic Ortodox din Cluj
(Confessors Imprisoned under Communism: Clergy and Professors of the Theological Academy/Institute in Cluj)

  • Author(s):Dacian But-Căpușan
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Education, Vocational Education, History of Education
  • Page Range:523-545
  • No. of Pages:23
  • Keywords:Theological Academy; Cluj; teachers; confessors; communist prisons; biography;
  • Summary/Abstract:Since 2024 was the centennial year of Orthodox theological education in Cluj, and 2025 was proclaimed by the Holy Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church as the Commemorative Year of Romanian Orthodox Spirituals and Confessors of the 20th Century, the study briefly presents biographical aspects of several teachers - some lesser known, confessors in communist prisons. The Orthodox Theological Academy/Institute in Cluj can be considered a martyr institution, being arbitrarily suppressed by the communist regime in 1952, but also because 10 teaching staff experienced the horrors of the concentration camp universe during the period of sad memory: Liviu-Galaction Munteanu, Alexandru Filipașcu, Ioan Bunea, Ilarion-Virgil Felea, Ioan Lupaș, Florea Mureșanu, Vasile Sava, Simion Curea, Pavel Șendrea, Gheorghe Noveanu and two of them were canonized in the centennial year of the Romanian Patriarchate.
Părintele Dimitrie Bejan – pelerinul mărturisitor

Părintele Dimitrie Bejan – pelerinul mărturisitor
(Father Dimitrie Beja [1909–1995]: A Pilgrim and Confessor of the Faith)

  • Author(s):Cristian-Alexandru Barnea
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
  • Page Range:546-558
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Fr. Dimitrie Bejan; 20 century; Orthodox spirituality; confessor; holiness;
  • Summary/Abstract:Father Dimitrie Bejan of Hârlău, who passed away 30 years ago, is one of the still little-known witnesses of the turbulent 20th century in Romania. A closer look at his biography will certainly evoke much emotion, and the interested reader will discover a life dedicated to God and to people. He was a servant of God, for whom prison served as home for a large part of his life; he comforted many people who were suffering on the front lines, in captivity, in his ministry as a parish priest, and then in forced confinement in his parents' home. The testimonies of those who knew him personally, of those who, entrusting themselves to his prayers, receive wonderful signs from God, discreetly but increasingly draw attention to his image. It is well known that the memory of a nation retains those who dedicated themselves to their fellow human beings. If they are also adorned, in a spirit of sacrifice, with the light of faith, they pass from the darkness of history into the synaxarion of the Church, as saints and confessors of Christ.
Credință și mărturisire ortodoxă într-o lume secularizată

Credință și mărturisire ortodoxă într-o lume secularizată
(Orthodox Faith and Confession in a Secularized World)

  • Author(s):Aurel Mihai
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:559-574
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:faith; secularization; confession; mission; globalization; postmodernism; communion; salvation;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Christian world is currently facing a major problem represented by secularization. Secular culture is a multiple, heterogeneous, typically non-total culture; a culture in which a hierarchy of knowledge can no longer be achieved in a unified and authoritarian system. Thus, the great religious institutions, the Churches, are also affected by secularization and the loss of symbolic references. The existence of postmodern man is shaped by the influence of the secularist consequences of the pseudo-values promoted in all spheres of human existence, including the religious one. Thus, secularization has determined the shift of the center of gravity of life and culture from God to man, a phenomenon due to anthropocentrism that has become a characteristic of modernity. True Orthodox living occurs when the members of the community are totally united with Christ and the Church, affirming faith in God and participating in the life of the Church. The missionary context in which we find ourselves is marked by the process of secularization with the particular complexity of its implications. The Orthodox mission is the extension of the love of the Holy Trinity for the transformation of the entire world.
Învățătura ortodoxă față de relativismul moral

Învățătura ortodoxă față de relativismul moral
(The Orthodox Perspective on Moral Relativism)

  • Author(s):Marius Sorin Radomir
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:575-585
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:ortodoxie; morală; etică; relativism; postmodernism;
  • Summary/Abstract:În epoca contemporană progresistă, caracterizată de pluralism ideologic, diversiune (nu diversitate) și relativism moral, Biserica Ortodoxă afirmă consecvent existența unor adevăruri morale absolute, întemeiate pe voia lui Dumnezeu și revelate omenirii. Acest articol examinează definiția și manifestările relativismului moral în context postmodernismului și secularismului excesiv, contrastându-le cu principiile moralei creștin-ortodoxe, care proclamă caracterul imuabil al binelui și răului. Tema abordată pune accentul pe cauzele crizei morale actuale – precum secularizarea, individualismul și pierderea reperelor transcendente – și evidențiază răspunsul teologic ortodox la această provocare. Sunt integrate perspective biblice, patristice (învățăturile Sfinților Părinți) și ale unor teologi ortodocși contemporani, pentru a demonstra că, în viziunea ortodoxă, adevărul moral este obiectiv și universal, ancorat în învățătura lui Iisus Hristos, și că relativismul moral reprezintă o abatere de la această învățătură. Concluziile subliniază necesitatea mărturisirii valorilor morale creștine perene ca antidot la confuzia etică și morală actuală, evidențiind totodată rolul Bisericii în păstrarea și transmiterea acestor valori într-o lume în schimbare.
Sinodalitate și autoritate eclezială, autocefalie și patriarhie în istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Române

Sinodalitate și autoritate eclezială, autocefalie și patriarhie în istoria Bisericii Ortodoxe Române
(Synodality and ecclesiastical authority, autocephaly and patriarchy in the history of the Romanian Orthodox Church)

  • Author(s):Marin Bugiulescu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy
  • Page Range:586-597
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Centenary of the Romanian Patriarchate; synodality; autocephaly; Church;
  • Summary/Abstract:The present study is part of the theme of the year of homage to the Centenary of the Romanian Patriarchate, and presents the importance of the dogmatic teaching on synodality and autocephaly, through which the authority of Christ is expressed in the constitution and work of the Church. In Christian terminology, the Church has been understood as both the place of worship and the community that encompasses and expresses the communion of those who believe in Christ and are incorporated starting from baptism as members of the sacramental theandric organism led by Him. If the attributes of the Church (unity, holiness, catholicity and apostolicity) are the consequence of its theandric constitution as the Body of Christ, authority and synodality represent two aspects that relate to its presence and work in the world.
Caracterul ființial-volitiv al naşterii Fiului din Tatăl în disputa ortodoxiei cu arianismul

Caracterul ființial-volitiv al naşterii Fiului din Tatăl în disputa ortodoxiei cu arianismul
(The essential-volitional character of the Birth of the Son from the Father in the dispute between Orthodoxy and Arianism)

  • Author(s):Adrian D. Covan
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:598-607
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Being of God; free will; Father; Son; Arianism;
  • Summary/Abstract:In the doctrine of the Eastern Church, according to the Consensum Patrum, the ontology and ontogenesis of the Trinity represent the foundation of the true existence of God. Thus, the person is the polarizing element in the existential area, because not He who is comes from being, but being comes from He who is, that is, from He who encompasses in Himself the entire being – the sea of infinite being (πέλαγος οὐσίας ἀπέίρον). The Godhead always remains an unbounded ocean of existence in Himself, towards which man, although he is oriented in his tendency, will never be able to scale the peak of the infinite being. In the Christian understanding, communion is the act of unlimited freedom (proper to the person), which derives not from the substance of the Godhead, but from the Hypostasis of the Father, understood as the ontological and ontogenetic Principle of the Most Holy Trinity. Things are like this not because the divine nature is ekstasis being, but because the Father, as a Person, expresses himself freely in the act of communion.
Ortodoxia, vector de coerență într-o piață a pasiunilor identitare și a religiozității fluide

Ortodoxia, vector de coerență într-o piață a pasiunilor identitare și a religiozității fluide
(Orthodoxy, a vector of coherence in a market of identity passions and fluid religiosity)

  • Author(s):Ioan-Tănase Chiş
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:608-623
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Market; criteria; anthropology; fundamental realities; identity; religiosity; Orthodoxy; being; coherence;
  • Summary/Abstract:What do the market and religion have in common? Can we find an anthropological bridge that allows us to relate symmetrically to humans in their dual role as religious beings on the one hand and as individuals actively engaged in a consumer society on the other? How do these two realities of the person interfere with each other and how can they coexist without altering each other's functions? If mutual influence does occur, which of the two prevails over the other and in what way? Are we dealing with a kind of transfer or, rather, something similar to an infection? How do we establish a correct diagnosis and, further, will we be able to find the right antidote? Is our discussion slipping into the realm of identity? What is the structure of identity's resistance and to what extent can identity become ambivalent? These are some of the guiding lines for what we hope will be the work you are about to read. It is a text woven with questions, answers, and challenges, an exercise in lucidity to avoid approximations and crude lamentations.
Mitropolitul Pimen Georgescu, mitropolitul marelui război și artizan al patriarhatului românesc

Mitropolitul Pimen Georgescu, mitropolitul marelui război și artizan al patriarhatului românesc
(Metropolitan Pimen Georgescu, the metropolitan of the great war and craftsman of the Romanian patriarchate)

  • Author(s):Florin Vârlan
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy
  • Page Range:624-632
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:commemorative year; Romanian Patriarchate; Metropolitan Bishop Pimen Georgescu;
  • Summary/Abstract:In the context of the Commemorative Year 2025 dedicated to the Centenary of the Romanian Patriarchate, I consider it as our sacred duty to evoke the prominent figures of Romanian Orthodoxy who, through their sacrificial work, made their contribution to elevating the Church of our nation to the status of Patriarchate. Among the hierarchs we must honour, the gifted and charismatic figure of Metropolitan of Moldavia Pimen Georgescu (October 22nd, 1853 – November 12th, 1934) holds a place of distinction—a devoted servant both of the Altar and of the country; a man who, though small in stature, was a great personality of his time. Not being a politician himself, he nevertheless felt with the utmost intensity the emotions that the Romanian people went through during the First World War and the years that followed—culminating in the fulfillment of the national unity (the Union of Alba Iulia in December 1st, 1918) - the Romanian nation’s century-old dream - and not least in the historic step taken by the “mother of the Romanian people”—the Church: the attainment of Patriarchate status.
Predicarea ortodoxă în fața noilor ideologii. Între universalitatea Evangheliei și criza valorilor contemporane

Predicarea ortodoxă în fața noilor ideologii. Între universalitatea Evangheliei și criza valorilor contemporane
(Orthodox preaching in the face of new ideologies. Between the universality of the gospel and the crisis of contemporary values)

  • Author(s):Anton Savelovici
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:633-643
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:orthodox preaching; contemporary ideologies; universality of the Gospel; crisis of values; secularization;
  • Summary/Abstract:This article analyzes how Orthodox preaching can respond to the complex challenges, posed by new contemporary ideologies, which often prove incompatible or even hostile to the fundamental values of the Gospel. In a social context, marked by moral relativism, excessive individualism and ideologies, which challenge the traditional landmarks of truth, the role of preaching in the life of the ecclesial community needs to be reassessed. Starting from the universality of the Christian message, expressed in the person and saving work of Jesus Christ, this paper explores the tensions between revealed, unchanging truth and the postmodern spirit, characterized by value pluralism and the contestation of religious authority. It also analyzes the relationship between the patristic tradition, the foundation of Orthodox thought and expression, and recent ideological trends, such as gender ideology, radical secularism or political correctness, which can negatively influence the formation of religious conscience. Within this framework, an articulated homiletical approach is proposed, which combines fidelity to Christian truth with pastoral discernment and a sensitive, contextualized but firm discourse capable of responding to current challenges. The sermon thus becomes an act of witness and an instrument for enlightening and healing the contemporary crisis of values through the transforming power of the Word of God.
Comunism și post-comunism: provocările pentru Biserica Ortodoxă

Comunism și post-comunism: provocările pentru Biserica Ortodoxă
(Communism and post-communism: challenges for the Orthodox Church)

  • Author(s):Traian-Alexandru Miu, Alexandru-Mihai Cîrnaru
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:644-655
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:communism; desacralization; postmodernity; mission; pastoral care;
  • Summary/Abstract:The Church is the living organism where each incorporated person has the chance of salvation. Certain ideologies from the past still haunt us today, aiming to desacralize and disfigure the human being. Through materialism, man is reduced from the status of a person to that of an individual.During communism, Orthodox theology was able to flourish thanks to the clergy and the faithful, despite the hardships created by the system. On a cultural and spiritual level, one can note the flourishing activity of Rugul Aprins movement, which emphasized the practice of the Jesus Prayer (prayer of the mind). Although disobedience to the rules of the communist regime could cost them their lives or physical freedom, members of the Church continued to bear spiritual fruit in secret.In contemporary times, we face the challenges brought about by a misunderstood form of freedom interpreted as libertinism. We have the freedom to express ourselves, to manifest our faith, but we lack the discernment to distinguish good from evil. Among today's challenges, we can list the following: abortion, homosexuality, suicide, and divorce each of which targets the traditional family structure and results in the destabilization of society.The desacralization present in communism continues into postmodernity through different means, but with the same goal: to distance man from God, placing him within Hannah Arendt's principles nothingness, no one, and the absence of the world.
Reprezentarea culturii muzicale de tradiție bizantină si descrierea spectrală a arhetipului acesteia

Reprezentarea culturii muzicale de tradiție bizantină si descrierea spectrală a arhetipului acesteia
(Representation of the musical culture of the Byzantine tradition and spectral description of its archetype)

  • Author(s):Mihail Vlădăreanu
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Music, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:656-660
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:byzantine music; Holy Liturgy; sacred music; divine harmony; liturgical hymn;
  • Summary/Abstract:Orthodox Church hymns are an artistic and spiritual expression that evolves over time, yet remains anchored in solid theological and spiritual principles. It finds its foundation in the symbiosis with prayer. Collective singing within the Church is not just a musical aspect, but a means through which the faithful actively participate in worship and express their faith in a collective and harmonious way.
Jertfa: taină fundamentală a existenței și vocației omului

Jertfa: taină fundamentală a existenței și vocației omului
(Sacrifice: fundamental mystery of existence and human vocation)

  • Author(s):Cosmin Iulian Cîrstea
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:661-680
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Keywords:sacrifice; communion; creation; renewal; redemption;
  • Summary/Abstract:Sacrifice represents a fundamental category of human existence and a central dimension of orthodox theology. Far from being a mere ritual act or a simple renunciation, sacrifice expresses person’s capacity to transcend self-centeredness and to open towards communion with God and others. This study examines the meaning of sacrifice from an anthropological and theological perspective, with particular attention to the vision of Fr. Constantin Galeriu, one of the most important orthodox theologians of the twentieth century. His integrative approach highlights sacrifice as mediator of communion, as principle of creation, as path of continuous renewal and as mean of redemption. The analysis concludes by situating all these dimensions within the horizon of Christ’s sacrifice, understood as the culmination and fulfillment of every human sacrifice and as the foundation of ecclesial life.
Dimensiuni teologice ale criticii părintelui Serafim Rose, asupra evoluționismului: omul între credință, rațiune și ispita progresului

Dimensiuni teologice ale criticii părintelui Serafim Rose, asupra evoluționismului: omul între credință, rațiune și ispita progresului
(Theological dimensions of Father Serafim Rose's criticism of evolutionism: man between faith, reason and the temptation of progress)

  • Author(s):Marius-Alin IONICĂ, Ion-Marian Croitoru
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
  • Page Range:681-697
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Keywords:Seraphim Rose; Orthodox theology; Genesis; Evolutionism; Scientism; Patristic Tradition; Providence; Uniformitarianism; Eschatology; Chiliasm;
  • Summary/Abstract:This study analyzes Fr. Seraphim Rose’s critique of Evolutionism as not a neutral scientific hypothesis but a materialist ideology that reshapes views of creation, humanity, and history. Grounded in the patristic reading of Genesis, Fr. Seraphim argues that Evolutionism rests on prior commitments (Naturalism, Uniformitarianism, faith in progress) that exclude divine causality, relativize the Fall and death as consequences of sin, and diminish the need for salvation. Scientific methods valid within the post-Fall order, he contends, cannot adjudicate the world’s supernatural beginnings. Efforts to harmonize Evolutionism with Orthodoxy lead to allegorization and distortion of the Fathers. Beyond epistemology, Evolutionism fosters a secular eschatology—utopian/chiliastic hopes in human perfectibility—that displaces expectation of the Kingdom. The study concludes that fidelity to the patristic vision safeguards the coherence of Orthodox theology and anthropology.
Unitatea liturgică a Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, între tradiție și inovație la centenarul Patriarhiei Române

Unitatea liturgică a Bisericii Ortodoxe Române, între tradiție și inovație la centenarul Patriarhiei Române
(The liturgical unity of the Romanian Orthodox Church, between tradition and innovation at the centenary of the Romanian Patriarchate)

  • Author(s):Adelin-Cătălin SIMION, Ion-Marian Croitoru
  • Language:Romanian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy
  • Page Range:698-716
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:Centenary; Romanian Patriarchate; innovations; liturgical unity; challenges;
  • Summary/Abstract:This article analyzes the challenges posed by unauthorized liturgical innovations to the unity of worship in the Romanian Orthodox Church, on the occasion of the centenary of the Romanian Patriarchate. Grounded in the theological foundations of liturgical unity and the tradition preserved by the Holy Fathers, it examines concrete cases of divergent liturgical practices, especially in southern Romania. The role of the Patriarchate in maintaining typikon fidelity through synodal regulations and clergy formation is emphasized. Finally, the article proposes directions to strengthen liturgical unity, essential for preserving ecclesial identity and Orthodox witness in the 21st century.
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