ERAZ 2024 / 10 - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development – CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

The Green Political Thought and Sustainability from the Perspective of Postmodern Theories of the State

The Green Political Thought and Sustainability from the Perspective of Postmodern Theories of the State
(The Green Political Thought and Sustainability from the Perspective of Postmodern Theories of the State8)

Author(s):Katalin Egresi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1-7
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Green political movement; Democracy; Paradigm shift; Eco-philosophy
Summary/Abstract:The problem of sustainability is one of the most important and pressing problems of postmodern theories of the state. Although the history of the so-called green movement that is linked to the emergence of industrial society in the modern age, (to industrialism), in its contemporary form it is existing also a social movement, and a political ideology - see, among others, green parties - and a state (international) obligations. What distinguishes the green movement today from the earlier conservation movement is its emphasis on science and research. The main aim of this study is to examine how democratic political systems are dealing with the new challenges of sustainability and how they are finding political solutions to the demands of civil society. However, the problem of sustainability is a global issue, the governmental responses and/or the lack of response varies widely. It addresses the climate crisis primarily to the younger generation but also draws attention to the ability of social activism to influence public policy. In addition to social rights, fundamental values such as the right to a healthy environment or the right to ensure the integrity of the environment must be recognized. There are several philosophical approaches to the interdependence of man and nature. What distinguishes the green movement from the earlier one is its emphasis on science and research.

Effects of Trade Openness on Economic Growth in the stern Balkans Countries in Time of Crises – Empirical EvidenceEffects of Trade Openness on Economic Growth in the stern Balkans Countries in Time of Crises – Empirical Evidence

Effects of Trade Openness on Economic Growth in the stern Balkans Countries in Time of Crises – Empirical EvidenceEffects of Trade Openness on Economic Growth in the stern Balkans Countries in Time of Crises – Empirical Evidence
(Effects of Trade Openness on Economic Growth in the stern Balkans Countries in Time of Crises – Empirical Evidence)

Author(s):Shiret Elezi, Marija Midovska Petkovska, Milena Boshkoska Klisarosi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:9-18
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:GDP; COVID-19; FDI; WB countries; Trade; Panel data
Summary/Abstract:This research aims to analyze the effects of trade openness on economic growth in Western Balkans Countries. The empirical analysis of this study consists on 22-year frame using panel data for the period from 2000-2022. Due to this period, the world faced several crises among which the biggest crises in the last 100 years: The Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2009, and the Pandemic COVID -19. The empirical model provides control variables such as the initial level of income per capita, human capital, gross capital formation, FDI, and unemployment rate. Economic growth is a dependent variable on trade openness. The estimation results indicate that the positive effects of trade openness on growth towards regional cooperation and with the EU countries are conditioned by the initial income per capita and other explanatory variables. Moreover, trade openness is more beneficial to countries with higher levels of initial income per capita, lower fiscal deficit, and higher FDI. The financial crisis indicated a significant decline in GDP per capita, along with the negative impacts on trade openness and FDI. The COVID crisis indicated a higher deficit and lower GDP and smaller trade openness.

Silver Economy as an Opportunity for SME Growth

Silver Economy as an Opportunity for SME Growth
(Silver Economy as an Opportunity for SME Growth)

Author(s):Jovanka Demoska Sekuloska, Aleksandar Erceg
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:19-27
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Silver economy; SME; Smart senior business model
Summary/Abstract:The aging population presents challenges and opportunities for the modern economy. One such opportunity is the thriving “silver economy,” which caters to the needs of elderly individuals. This market is characterized by a sizable consumer group with relatively stable purchasing power, specific needs, and requirements. The EU predicts that 2025 the silver economy will be worth €5.7 trillion and represent 22% of the world’s population by 2050. The paper examines the smart senior business model as a new approach of SMEs toward elders and identifies the differences between the traditional and smart senior business models. The paper aims to explore the potential of the silver economy for creating new business models and identifying sectors that cater to the needs of older people. To succeed in this growing and emerging market, businesses must be aware of and deeply understand the characteristics and opportunities of the silver economy.

Measuring Total Factor Productivity Change in Medium-Sized Portuguese Wine Producing Farms

Measuring Total Factor Productivity Change in Medium-Sized Portuguese Wine Producing Farms
(Measuring Total Factor Productivity Change in Medium-Sized Portuguese Wine Producing Farms)

Author(s):Fernando Teixeira, Olinda Sequeira
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:29-36
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Total factor productivity change; Malmquist Data Envelopment Analysis; Portuguese wine-producing farms
Summary/Abstract:This article presents a study on the productivity variation of medi¬um-sized Portuguese farms that produce wine. Quantifying these variations, commonly referred to as Total Factor Productivity (TFP), lies at the core of the economic notion of productivity. The study applies the Malmquist Data Envel-opment Analysis approach, which calculates distance functions to generate indices of total productivity change. The data consists of 2 outputs and two inputs for 19 analyzed farms from 2019 to 2022. The main objective of the study was to understand if the productivity of wineries changed during the period of the COVID-19 pandemic, with a focus on the year 2020. The results show, on average, a decline in productivity during the COVID period, but with different outcomes for the set of farms, indicating that some farms were better prepared to face the COVID crisis.

The Chaotic Lithium Price Growth Model

The Chaotic Lithium Price Growth Model
(The Chaotic Lithium Price Growth Model)

Author(s):Vesna Jablanović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:37-41
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Lithium; Prices; Equilibrium price; Chaos
Summary/Abstract:Lithium has become a strategic scarce input in the economy. The basic aims of this paper are: firstly, to create the simple chaotic lithium price growth model. This model can generate stable equilibria, cycles, or chaos. Also, this model confirms the existence of the stable convergent fluctuations of the lithium price in the period 2020-2023. The golden ratio shows the equilibrium level of lithium price in the presented chaotic model.

Local Government Debt and Fiscal Autonomy

Local Government Debt and Fiscal Autonomy
(Local Government Debt and Fiscal Autonomy)

Author(s):Sorina Koti
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:43-51
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Municipality debt; Loans; Fiscal autonomy; Revenue; Investments
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the study is to analyse and discuss the local government debt and fiscal autonomy. It is very important to understand the composition of the municipal budget, its own income and government transfers. The study will analyse the revenues and expenses of municipalities (operational and capital) as well as the ways of financing investments. Literature and statistical data show the financial inability of the local government to cover expenses and to invest in public works. Some municipalities have received loans from Second Level Banks for capital investments. Furthermore, the study will analyse the use of debt, its effects and its efficiency. In Albania, the fiscal autonomy of the local government is still a problem, since the municipalities find it impossible to generate income and meet the needs for investments and expenses, bringing a strong dependence on the central government. Also, the study will discuss the ways how municipalities can increase their level of income, their good management and the increase of financial autonomy.

The Evolution of the Financial System in Albania

The Evolution of the Financial System in Albania
(The Evolution of the Financial System in Albania)

Author(s):Eneida Cifligu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:53-60
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Financial System; Albania; Future trend; Economy in transition; Post-dictatorship period
Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to bring a general framework of the financial system in Albania: how it has evolved and how the situation has been presented in the last 10 years. The Albanian economy continues to be an economy in transition and Albania is considered a developing country, that aims to join the European Union and as such the economy faces great challenges and difficulties, but at the same time, there are still unexploited development opportunities. The level of financial development significantly influences economic development as a whole, so there remains an important system that must be analyzed at any time: problems, challenges and future perspectives. The more complex the economy, the more evident the role of the financial system in it. The objective is to conclude in which directions it is suggested to invest in order to improve, modernize and evolve our financial system so that in the future it can operate freely with the European and world markets.

The Structure of the Microfinance Market and Its Adoption to the EU Accession: A Comparative Empirical Study for Western Balkans

The Structure of the Microfinance Market and Its Adoption to the EU Accession: A Comparative Empirical Study for Western Balkans
(The Structure of the Microfinance Market and Its Adoption to the EU Accession: A Comparative Empirical Study for Western Balkans)

Author(s):Gungor Turan, Abdurrahman Isik, Iges Banda
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:61-69
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Microfinance market structure; MFIs; WBCs; EU accession; Comparative study
Summary/Abstract:The objective of this paper is to examine the microfinance market structure and its adoption in the EU accession in Western Balkan Countries (WBCs). This objective is pursued by employing survey data from 31 MFIs operating in WBCs. The survey aims to assess MFI’s representatives’ views on competition policy, measure surveillance, identify influencing factors of firm performance, and recognize institutional challenges. The findings show the microfinance market remains transitional with various difficulties that need to be addressed. The study gives a contribution to the existing literature by filling the gaps in the microfinance market in WBCs and making a comparative analysis. Policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers can based on the paper’s findings, recommendations, and future research directions for further sustainable improvement of the microfinance market in the WBCs.

Determinants of the Financial Stability of the Banking Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Determinants of the Financial Stability of the Banking Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Determinants of the Financial Stability of the Banking Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Author(s):Almir Alihodžić, Emina Hodžić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:71-80
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Financial stability; Banking sector; Credit risk; Regression analysis
Summary/Abstract:This paper investigates the impact of explanatory variables that determine the financial stability of the banking sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the possibility of controlling credit risk, which is a threat to the stability of the financial system for the period from 2009 to 2019 on a quarterly basis. Correlation and panel regression analysis are also applied in this paper. The selected independent (explanatory) variables are the growth rate of savings of the household sector, the growth rate of foreign direct investments, the growth rate of exports, the growth rate of total loans, the growth rate of non-performing loans, the growth rate of capital adequacy ratio, and unemployment growth rate. The GDP growth rate will be used as the dependent variable. The research results showed that the most significant impact on the GDP growth rate was recorded by the following variables: the growth rate of foreign direct investment, the growth rate of exports and the growth rate of total loans. On the other hand, the following variable recorded the most significant negative impact: the growth rate of the household sector. The study also shows that there is a positive causal relationship between the growth rate of non-performing loans and the growth rate of unemployment.

Enhancing Sustainable Development Through Green Finance Components

Enhancing Sustainable Development Through Green Finance Components
(Enhancing Sustainable Development Through Green Finance Components)

Author(s):Egra Ibrahimi, Orkida ILOLLARI
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:81-89
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Climate change; Sustainable development; Green Finance; Public Private Partnerships
Summary/Abstract:Climate change poses pressing global challenges affecting the environment, economy, and society. Increasingly acknowledged by stakeholders, its risks drive responsible actions towards sustainable development. Addressing these issues demands collective efforts from individuals to international organizations, utilizing various tools to mitigate climate change, reduce pollution, and conserve biodiversity. Green Finance emerges as a pivotal tool, supporting environmental projects while fostering economic growth and innovation. It offers financial incentives for sustainability and aligns public policy with private sector investments, innovatively tackling environmental challenges. Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) further amplify green finance initiatives by mobilizing private investments, promoting innovation, and sharing risks and rewards, enhancing long-term sustainability. This paper explores the significance of green finance instruments, especially for developing countries. Through analyzing green financing components, regulatory frameworks, and case studies, we highlight the role of PPPs in mobilizing funds for green finance in infrastructure, innovation, and waste management projects.

Partnerships for Sustainable Finance as an Impetus for SDGs Acceleration – The Way Forward Based on Selected International Practices

Partnerships for Sustainable Finance as an Impetus for SDGs Acceleration – The Way Forward Based on Selected International Practices
(Partnerships for Sustainable Finance as an Impetus for SDGs Acceleration – The Way Forward Based on Selected International Practices)

Author(s):Slađana Sredojević
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:91-101
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Acceleration; Partnership; Sustainable finance; SDGs; Public Private Partnerships; ESG; International financial institution
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to analyze and to enlighten the main question of progress in SDGs implementation from the industry and market point of view. The research has three parts: sustainability agenda with a focus on sustainable finance, analysis on state of progress in SDGs implementation, and impetus factors for SDGs acceleration. The last part is particularly analysed with a focus on strengthening capacities through partnerships for sustainable financing – three case studies are shown from the following aspects: the importance of collaboration with International Financial Institutions (such as IFC, EBRD, UNECE), the role of universities and science and professional education, and international partnership platform. This evidence-based research shows that partnerships and capacity strengthening may be considered important impetus factors for the acceleration of SDGs.

Crypto Assets as a Sustainable Investment and Its Future Potential for Fund Investing

Crypto Assets as a Sustainable Investment and Its Future Potential for Fund Investing
(Crypto Assets as a Sustainable Investment and Its Future Potential for Fund Investing)

Author(s):Matej Smalik, Maroš Katkovčin
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:103-109
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Crypto assets; MiCA regulation; Funds; Regulation of financial market
Summary/Abstract:The authors discuss the nature of crypto assets and their functioning after the adoption of the European Union MiCA regulation also concerning its sustainability. This paper tries to capture all aspects and intricacies of the functioning of the crypto assets market and address the potential problems related to sustainability. The paper also addresses the issue of crypto assets from the point of view of the inclusion of crypto assets in collective investment funds and the possibility of pooling crypto assets in funds. The authors look for a dividing line between the legitimate collection of crypto assets and the provision of services in this area and the unauthorized business of a “black” fund.

Transforming Finance- Exploring the Global Influence of Fintech and Its Role in the Western Balkans

Transforming Finance- Exploring the Global Influence of Fintech and Its Role in the Western Balkans
(Transforming Finance- Exploring the Global Influence of Fintech and Its Role in the Western Balkans)

Author(s):Orkida ILOLLARI, Ines Kociaj
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:111-120
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Fintech innovation; Financial sector evolution; Digital infrastructure development
Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the profound influence of Financial Technology (Fintech) on the financial sector’s evolution amidst rapid technological and economic shifts. Fintech merges finance with cutting-edge technology, driving the sector’s rapid growth by transforming financial services with innovations like blockchain, AI, and big data analytics. These advancements not only improve operational efficiency, security, and service accessibility but also democratize access to financial services, fostering economic empowerment. Yet, this progress brings challenges, including security vulnerabilities and regulatory complexities. The study particularly examines Fintech’s role in promoting economic growth and inclusion in the Western Balkans. This avocation for robust regulatory frameworks, digital infrastructure development and financial education to maximize Fintech’s benefits. In conclusion, it emphasizes the need for enhanced security measures, regulatory flexibility and a commitment to a more inclusive financial ecosystem. Meanwhile stressing the balance between leveraging technological progress and mitigating associated risks for sustainable financial sector development.

On the Synergy Between Renewable Energy and Npl Reduction in the Maritime Industry

On the Synergy Between Renewable Energy and Npl Reduction in the Maritime Industry
(On the Synergy Between Renewable Energy and Npl Reduction in the Maritime Industry)

Author(s):John Hlias Plikas, Panagiotis Trakadas, Dimitris Kenourgios
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:121-130
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Non-performing loans; Renewable energy; Sustainable finance in maritime industry
Summary/Abstract:The recent geopolitical tensions, the rising uncertainties and climate risks pose challenges to all industries. The shipping industry faces challenges such as rising fuel costs and tightening environmental regulations, which decrease the ability of shipping borrowers to meet their loan repayment obligations, exacerbating the likelihood of increased non-performing loans (NPLs). Drawing on existing literature, this study examines the synergy between renewable energy adoption and NPLs in the maritime industry. The findings underscore that the increased renewable energy dependency will bolster the resilience of maritime borrowers. Vessels adopting renewable sources and aligning with tightened environmental regulations may avert the regulatory disruptions that could hinder loan repayments. Renewable sources’ adoption will also attract investors and enhance access to additional financing. Consequently, reduced NPLs will stimulate banks’ financial stability and foster economic growth. This study also identifies challenges related to renewable energy adoption, offering practical pathways to adoption and outlining the channels of NPL reduction.

The Impact of Financial Risk Disclosures on Corporate Value: Evidence for Portugal

The Impact of Financial Risk Disclosures on Corporate Value: Evidence for Portugal
(The Impact of Financial Risk Disclosures on Corporate Value: Evidence for Portugal)

Author(s):Vanda Roque, Katia Lemos, Helena Barbosa
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:131-140
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Financial risk disclosure; Corporate value; Market risk
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of financial risk disclosures on corporate value. Based on content analysis of 2021 annual reports of 29 nonfinancial companies listed on Euronext Lisbon, the authors construct a global disclosure index that captures financial risk disclosures, as well as 3 sub-indices to capture credit, liquidity and market risks disclosures. Using multiple linear regression models, the authors investigate the impact of financial risk disclosures on corporate value, as measured by Tobin’s Q. The results show that financial risk disclosures are still parsimonious, with corporations disclosing mainly qualitative information. The results also show a negative and statistically significant impact of market risk disclosures on corporate value. When we consider credit risk and liquidity risk disclosures, as well as the global disclosure index, the impact is not statistically significant.

An Insight Into Sustainability Reporting in Waste Management Industry

An Insight Into Sustainability Reporting in Waste Management Industry
(An Insight Into Sustainability Reporting in Waste Management Industry)

Author(s):Veronika Petkovšek, Primož Pevcin
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:141-146
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Sustainability reporting; Waste management industry; European directives
Summary/Abstract:The paper focuses on the analysis of sustainability awareness in the field of waste management, which can be observed also through sustainability reporting. Special attention is given to providers of services of general economic interest in the waste management industry in Slovenia. The methodology involves reviewing the information and publications available on the organizations’ websites, where annual reports and sustainability reports are taken into consideration. The research population includes all 65 waste management service providers in Slovenia. This research aims to recognize whether organizations produce any form of sustainability reporting, and to what extent are they compliant with the European directives in this domain. Results indicate that most of the analyzed organizations include sustainability reporting in their annual reports, either as a separate chapter or as part of other content in the annual report.

Digital Transformation of the Internal Audit Function – Analysis of Technology Acceptance Factors and Perspectives of Future Development

Digital Transformation of the Internal Audit Function – Analysis of Technology Acceptance Factors and Perspectives of Future Development
(Digital Transformation of the Internal Audit Function – Analysis of Technology Acceptance Factors and Perspectives of Future Development)

Author(s):Klaudija Liović, Ivana Barišić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:147-156
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Internal audit function; Digital transformation; Technology acceptance factors.
Summary/Abstract:The rapid evolution of technology and globalisation has intensified competition and raised complex challenges for internal auditors. Adapting to new technologies is pivotal for internal auditors amid the digital transformation era. This paper aims to explore the impact of information technology in internal audit processes, analysing factors influencing its application. The results of the analyses highlight several key factors that significantly influence the adoption and use of CAATs in internal audits across different contexts. While internal auditors are nascent in embracing advanced technologies, the pandemic catalysed their digital maturity, particularly in robotic process automation and data analytics. Despite technological advancements enhancing audit efficiency, human judgment remains irreplaceable. The research underscores the ongoing shift towards technology integration to enhance internal auditing practices.

Option Pricing Models: The Evolution of the Black-Scholes-Merton Model

Option Pricing Models: The Evolution of the Black-Scholes-Merton Model
(Option Pricing Models: The Evolution of the Black-Scholes-Merton Model)

Author(s):Enkeleda Shehi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:157-165
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Black-Scholes Model; Black-Scholes-Merton Model; Option Pricing; Financial Derivatives; European Option
Summary/Abstract:This paper focuses on the development and impact of the Black- Scholes-Merton (Black-Scholes) model in mathematical finance. It begins with an overview of the Black-Scholes model, including its foundational assumptions, the Black-Scholes equation, and its formula for pricing European options. The paper discusses the model’s significant advantages, such as its ability to estimate market volatility and provide a self-replicating hedging strategy. It also addresses its limitations, including assumptions of constant volatility and perfect market conditions, which often do not align with real-world scenarios. Finally, this paper reviews advancements that have refined the model, including adjustments for stochastic volatility, price jumps, and market imperfections.

Financial Management and Control in Public Administration as One of the Essential Factors of Good Governance

Financial Management and Control in Public Administration as One of the Essential Factors of Good Governance
(Financial Management and Control in Public Administration as One of the Essential Factors of Good Governance)

Author(s):Jovana Anđelković, Mihajlo Đurović, Marko Sretenović, Dragan Milovanović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:167-172
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Financial management and control; Public administration; Accountability; Good governance
Summary/Abstract:Financial management and control in the public sector represent a comprehensive system of established processes and controls. They contribute to greater accountability in public administration, rational and accountable management and spending of budget funds, building a culture of integrity, promoting trust between citizens and public administration, and striving to prevent corruption and fraud. The paper aims to highlight the importance of this system, the system of accountability in public administration, its connection with internal audits, and the direction of future reforms.

Commensurability of Social Effects in Economic and Non-economic Activities

Commensurability of Social Effects in Economic and Non-economic Activities
(Commensurability of Social Effects in Economic and Non-economic Activities)

Author(s):Mariya Vlaeva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:173-178
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Commensurability; Social effect; Accounting theory
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the commensurability of social effects in economic and non-economic activity. Emphasis is placed on the legally required reporting and explanation of expenses in the Non-Financial Statement, which is in addition to the Annual Financial Report, as well as on the different accounting reporting based on expenses between business and non-business activities. Attention is drawn to accounting theory, which as a science has always kept pace with new economic needs, and which can offer solutions for the accounting reflection of social effects. The aim is to show that there is still no regulatory framework through which social costs can be reliably compared with the received public benefits (incomes).

The Economic Behavior of Municipalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Evidence from Slovakia)

The Economic Behavior of Municipalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Evidence from Slovakia)
(The Economic Behavior of Municipalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Evidence from Slovakia))

Author(s):Lukáš Cíbik
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:179-186
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Economic response; Local self-government; COVID-19 pandemic; Slovakia
Summary/Abstract:The article presents a study of the economic response of local self-government to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Slovak Republic in 2022. The aim is to analyze changes in 10 economic indicators and their correlation with the pandemic. The research problem is to determine how local self-government in Slovakia economically adapted to the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022. The research methodology includes analyzing ten economic indicators based on data from 2010-2022. Data were obtained through the study of budget documents, sources from INEKO, and the Ministry of Finance of the Slovak Republic. The results indicate that some economic indicators, such as total debt and current account balance, deteriorated, while others, such as liquidity, improved. These findings are presented in tables and graphs. The study concludes that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the economic behavior of local self-government in Slovakia in 2022.

Impact of Digitalization of Business Processes in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Impact of Digitalization of Business Processes in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
(Impact of Digitalization of Business Processes in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises)

Author(s):Dânuţ Constantin Filip, Ion Verzea, Nicoleta-Andreea Filip
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:187-192
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Business process digitalization; Business process management; Technology integration
Summary/Abstract:Regarding small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs), considering their number and the diversity of services and products offered, they produce huge amounts of added value in the market. In this sense, special attention should be given to this type of organizations regarding the digitalization of processes and management so that they remain sustainable, improve their efficiency and enhance customer experience to greater agility and strategic insights. For that is important to ensure that their business processes are optimized. The objective of this paper is to identify the impact that the digitalization of business processes has on the sustainable development of small and medium-sized enterprises as well as the increase of their competitiveness. For this matter, we set out to highlight the impact that digitized management has on the good management and administration of an SME ensuring healthy development in a highly competitive market.

Artificial Intelligence in Pricing: A Game-Changer for Business Success

Artificial Intelligence in Pricing: A Game-Changer for Business Success
(Artificial Intelligence in Pricing: A Game-Changer for Business Success)

Author(s):Bilyana Ivanova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:193-203
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Artificial Intelligence; Pricing strategies; Gen AI; Pricing transformation
Summary/Abstract:This paper investigates the game-changing potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in transforming pricing strategies across various industries. The research begins by defining general AI and its key components, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and computer vision. The paper then explores the application of AI in pricing, discussing how these technologies can be leveraged to optimize demand forecasting, personalization, and dynamic pricing. The benefits of incorporating AI in pricing, including increased accuracy, efficiency, and customer satisfaction, are highlighted. However, the discussion investigates challenges associated with implementing AI in pricing, such as data quality, ethical considerations, and regulatory compliance. Future research directions are proposed, including the integration of AI with other advanced analytics techniques and the development of novel pricing models enabled by AI. In conclusion, this paper underscores the disruptive impact of AI on pricing strategies and emphasizes the need for businesses to embrace this technology to stay competitive and achieve long-term success.

Artificial Intelligence Applied to Whistleblowing Channels

Artificial Intelligence Applied to Whistleblowing Channels
(Artificial Intelligence Applied to Whistleblowing Channels)

Author(s):Andre Alves, Rui Mansidao
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:205-213
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Whistleblowing channels; Artificial intelligence; Interoperability in public sector
Summary/Abstract:The present study addresses the implications of using AI – Artificial Intelligence – and iAP – Public Administration Interoperability – in whistleblowing channels, to improve the effectiveness of these tools for reporting irregularities in organizations. To this end, a brief literature review was conducted on whistleblowing channels, AI, and iAP. Subsequently, the aim was to assess the current level of citizens’ knowledge about AI and iAP, as well as their levels of trust and perceived use¬fulness regarding these technologies. Citizens show an average positive level of knowledge about AI and iAP, with no significant differences between these variables. Similarly, citizens consider these technologies to be trustworthy and useful for application in whistleblowing channels, which constitutes an important starting point for their widespread implementation.

Smart City and the Quality of Public Administration Services in the Slovak Republic

Smart City and the Quality of Public Administration Services in the Slovak Republic
(Smart City and the Quality of Public Administration Services in the Slovak Republic)

Author(s):Vojtech Kollar, Silvia Matušova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:215-224
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Smart city; Public administration; Quality of services; EU funding; Budget
Summary/Abstract:The concept of smart cities is an opportunity to solve real problems of public administration. In Slovakia, there is a growing interest in the implementation of modern technological solutions within local governments related to public services. Some municipalities show interest in supporting critical areas such as education, mobility, environment, healthcare, security, sustainable development, as well as the engagement of citizens. The paper´s aim is to analyse and identify the current state of development of smart cities in Slovakia, especially the city of Bratislava and to propose improvements in the quality of service provision for residents and visitors. The specific focus will be put on the analysis and evaluation of the mid-term strategy until 2030 according to the IMD index of smart cities, digitalization of public services, indicators of the digital competitiveness of Slovakia and Bratislava and the budget expenditures for 2024 priority areas.

The Development of a New Model of Risk Management in Territorial Administrative Units

The Development of a New Model of Risk Management in Territorial Administrative Units
(The Development of a New Model of Risk Management in Territorial Administrative Units)

Author(s):Daniela Solovastru (Ivan), Ion Verzea
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:225-232
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Risk management model; Public administration; Territorial administrative units; Risk management
Summary/Abstract:The risk management model represents a decision-making process to identify, control and minimize the consequences of extraordinary incidents through various management techniques that vary according to the specifics of the entity. Public sector organizations are currently facing unprecedented challenges in how to tackle complex issues such as poverty, global warming, tax fraud, and global security. Combining the poor functioning of the public administration with the effects generated by the manifestation of risk, there is a need to develop a predictive management process to reduce the risk and increase the chances of performance. The objective of this paper is to develop a risk management model in order to improve the public system and increase the efficiency and performance of the factors that increase citizens’ trust in the public administration. The result of the research activity consists, both in the identification, adaptation and development of a new risk management model, as well as in its fictitious application and testing during the normal development of the activities of territorial administrative units. The developed model helps the organization by streamlining the procedures to be followed, determining a strong impact on the level of absorption of European funding, including the increase in the standard of living.

Exploring Barriers to Technology Adoption in Livestock Farming: A Descriptive Comparative Analysis Between Finland, Germany, and Albania

Exploring Barriers to Technology Adoption in Livestock Farming: A Descriptive Comparative Analysis Between Finland, Germany, and Albania
(Exploring Barriers to Technology Adoption in Livestock Farming: A Descriptive Comparative Analysis Between Finland, Germany, and Albania)

Author(s):Dorjan Marku, Ardita Hoxha-Jahja, Sara Pfaff,
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:233-241
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Livestock farming; Sustainability; Digitalization
Summary/Abstract:Ongoing developments in digital technologies have been the major driving force for improving productivity and sustainability in livestock farming, leading toward higher economic profits, increased safety standards, and mitigating the impacts of climate change. This paper provides insights into the implications related to the implementation of digital technologies in livestock farming. Through a quantitative survey were investigated the challenges of adoption, similarities, and differences among selected farmers in the regions of Northern Savonia (Finland), Baden Wurttemberg (Germany), and Korça (Albania). In Finland and Germany, the survey was conducted online; while in Albania farmers were contacted face-to-face through a structured questionnaire. A total of 166 participants’ observations were documented. The results show a low adoption rate for automated feeding systems, drones for data collection, and GPS for traceability in Finland and Germany. In Albania prevails a low rate of adoption almost in all types of defined technologies. Farmers in three countries indicated uniformly high investment costs and costs of maintenance services as important barriers to not using digital technologies. Differently from their counterparts, farmers in Albania identified the insufficiency of subsidies, lack of strategies to promote digitalization, poor data infrastructure (connectivity), and lack of skills and knowledge to run digital technologies as other significant barriers to adoption. Furthermore, a consistent policy framework that addresses the individual needs of farmers in the respective countries, provides adequate incentives and information and involves stakeholders is critical for determining the most efficient ways of digitization in livestock production.

Food Safety Practices in Dairy Farms in Albania

Food Safety Practices in Dairy Farms in Albania
(Food Safety Practices in Dairy Farms in Albania)

Author(s):Pranvera Troka, Ilir Kapaj
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:243-251
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Food safety; Food Safety Standards (FSS); Dairy sector; Farmers; Agriculture; Albania
Summary/Abstract:The aim of this study is to investigate the level of food safety compliance of dairy farmers, as well as to identify factors that hinder farmers to comply with food safety standards (FSS). This study is focused on the region of Fier, interviewing 76 dairy farmers in selected villages. The results show that 32%, 29% and 39% of farmers are respectively low, medium and high adapters of FSS. Challenges in FSS compliance include lack of farmer awareness, supply chain issues, weak law enforcement, low government support, and poor infrastructure. To improve milk quality at the farm level, farmers require better education through training programs, resolution of supply chain problems, strengthened laws, and improved infrastructure. By addressing these issues, Albania can boost its dairy sector, leading to a more sustainable sector for the future.

The Advantages of Energy Efficiency Projects and Their Impact on the Economy of Romania and the EU

The Advantages of Energy Efficiency Projects and Their Impact on the Economy of Romania and the EU
(The Advantages of Energy Efficiency Projects and Their Impact on the Economy of Romania and the EU)

Author(s):Marius Petre Bogdan, Dragos-Daniel Dendrino
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:253-262
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Energy efficiency; Economic impact; Sustainability; EU Climate Policies; Renewable energy
Summary/Abstract:Energy efficiency projects play an essential role in shaping a more sustainable and competitive economy in Romania and across the European Union (EU). Reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, these initiatives help combat climate change and generate new jobs, enhance living standards, and drive technological advancements. With the EU setting ambitious climate targets, Romania faces the pressing need to implement large-scale energy efficiency programs. This paper researches the benefits and economic implications of these projects at both the national and European levels, using a multidisciplinary perspective that considers economic, environmental, and social factors. The findings underscore the importance of well-defined policies and robust funding mechanisms to unlock the full potential of energy efficiency measures.

The Process of Decarbonization in the Croatian Energy System

The Process of Decarbonization in the Croatian Energy System
(The Process of Decarbonization in the Croatian Energy System)

Author(s):Diana Baus
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:263-271
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Renewable sources (RES); Energy transition; Global value chains (GVC)
Summary/Abstract:This work delves into the crucial scientific research on the transition of the Croatian energy system, a process that commenced in the early 1990s. Today, the energy system confronts new challenges, including deregulation, liberalization of energy markets, heightened competition, escalating demands for supply security, and notably, the imperative to curtail CO2 emissions in line with subsequent EU regulations and standards on environmental protection. Research is also underway to establish the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) between economic development and environmental pollution in Croatia. To empirically estimate the curve, data on 21 counties were scrutinized for various types of pollution. The paper also analyses the macroeconomic effects of the announced investments in renewable energy sources for electricity production. The entire energy transition process can be seen as the beginning of the renewal of industrial production capacities, i.e., reindustrialization.

Stakeholder Engagement in Energy Efficiency: A Case Study of Greece’s Clean Energy Transition

Stakeholder Engagement in Energy Efficiency: A Case Study of Greece’s Clean Energy Transition
(Stakeholder Engagement in Energy Efficiency: A Case Study of Greece’s Clean Energy Transition)

Author(s):Charikleia Karakosta, Jason Papathanasiou
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:273-280
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Clean energy transition; Sustainable development; Energy efficiency; Energy efficiency nvestments; Knowledge transfer; Stakeholders engagement; Greece
Summary/Abstract:Effective decision support processes depend on robust stakeholder engagement, ensuring informed, equitable outcomes through collaborative dialogue and participatory governance. This paper presents a strategic approach to stakeholder engagement aimed at mobilizing energy efficiency investments, with a focus on Greece. Emphasizing inclusivity, structured dialogue, and tailored collaboration, the methodology identifies and prioritizes stakeholders across sectors such as finance, public authorities, technical services, and civil society. Findings reveal that public authorities (30%), financial institutions (24%), and technical providers (19%) are critical for driving energy efficiency initiatives, with 70% of stakeholders requiring high engagement. The study underscores the importance of aligning stakeholder roles with project goals to foster sustainable investments and meet the European Union’s climate targets. Recommendations include participatory tools like roundtables and cross-country labs to enhance collaboration and disseminate best practices.

Organization and Functioning of Economic Diplomacy: Exploring the Impact of Economic Aid as a Tool of Economic Diplomacy

Organization and Functioning of Economic Diplomacy: Exploring the Impact of Economic Aid as a Tool of Economic Diplomacy
(Organization and Functioning of Economic Diplomacy: Exploring the Impact of Economic Aid as a Tool of Economic Diplomacy)

Author(s):Emilio Cika
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:281-289
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Economic diplomacy; Economic aid; Tools of economic diplomacy
Summary/Abstract:Depending on the goals it seeks to accomplish, economic diplomacy in the modern, globalized world has access to a wide range of methods. Even though they are diverse, their nature and traits allow for the primary division of two sizable groups. International relations analysis is made easier by the classification of economic diplomacy instruments, which is more for academic and instructional purposes than for practical use. This paper aims to study how foreign economic aid is a tool widely used in international relations. Economic aid is institutionalized in the global economy, often to certify “good behavior”. Foreign economic aid is a very complex issue in international relations. The case of aid packages to Ukraine during its conflict with Russia highlights their importance but also raises questions about their effectiveness. Nevertheless, economic aid is considered one of the most important tools of economic diplomacy, primarily when directed towards poor and developing countries to strengthen economic structures, reinforce democratic institutions, consolidate the rule of law, reduce corruption, etc.

Golden Age of Hungarian-Turkish Relations – A Question of Power-Political Fraternity?

Golden Age of Hungarian-Turkish Relations – A Question of Power-Political Fraternity?
(Golden Age of Hungarian-Turkish Relations – A Question of Power-Political Fraternity?)

Author(s):Sahin Goksu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:291-296
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Turkey; Hungary; Autocracy
Summary/Abstract:Turkish-Hungarian relations have been characterised by unusually good cooperation over the last 10 years in particular. The governments of the two countries cooperate closely in almost every policy area and on every occasion. One can speak of a golden age in Turkish-Hungarian relations. This analysis aims to answer the question of whether the authoritarian leadership style of the presidents of both countries is the reason for this golden age of relations. The qualitative study used the autocracy promotion approach to analyse the interests of Erdoğan and Orbán in their close cooperation. It can be concluded that the authoritarian style of government of both statesmen at least has a positive influence on the very good relations.

Enhancing Corporate Governance with AI: Smarter Decisions and Financial Performance Forecasting

Enhancing Corporate Governance with AI: Smarter Decisions and Financial Performance Forecasting
(Enhancing Corporate Governance with AI: Smarter Decisions and Financial Performance Forecasting)

Author(s):Sonila Nikolla, Greta Angjeli
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:297-304
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Corporate governance; Artificial intelligence; Decision-making; Good governance.
Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in corporate governance, focusing on how AI-driven corporate finance can enhance decision-making ethics and transparency. It delves into the potential of machine learning and process automation to streamline financial reporting, improving accuracy and efficiency. The use of AI in developing predictive models for financial performance is also examined, showcasing its role in informed strategic planning. By leveraging AI technologies, corporations can achieve better governance practices, promoting ethical standards and transparency in their operations. This study highlights the critical role of AI in transforming corporate governance through improved financial oversight and decision-making processes.

Evaluating Corporate Governance in Albania: A Comparative Study of Board of Directors, Mechanisms and Managerial Practices

Evaluating Corporate Governance in Albania: A Comparative Study of Board of Directors, Mechanisms and Managerial Practices
(Evaluating Corporate Governance in Albania: A Comparative Study of Board of Directors, Mechanisms and Managerial Practices)

Author(s):Esmir Demaj, Mirsa Dani
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:305-314
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Corporate governance; Albania; Board of Directors; Transparency; Accountability
Summary/Abstract:Corporate governance has become a critical issue globally, facing increasing scrutiny from regulators, investors, and the public, particularly in rapidly developing nations. This study examines corporate governance in Albania, focusing on board practices, challenges, and areas for improvement. Using a mixed-methods approach, it analyzes corporate governance through secondary data from annual reports and financial statements of the top 29 companies by income, alongside exploratory qualitative insights from interviews with key corporate stakeholders. Findings reveal a varied landscape, while some firms demonstrate effective governance, others face challenges like conflicts of interest, lack of board independence, and inadequate disclosure. Key improvement areas include stronger regulatory frameworks, more diverse boards, and increased shareholder engagement. This research contributes to the limited literature on the corporate governance domain in Albania, offering insights into the local context as well as serving as a foundation for future studies and initiatives to enhance governance standards, fostering a corporate culture of transparency, accountability, and stakeholder protection.

Analysis of the Human Resources and Personnel of Organisation

Analysis of the Human Resources and Personnel of Organisation
(Analysis of the Human Resources and Personnel of Organisation)

Author(s):Krassimira Zagorova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:315-321
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Human resources; Staff of the organization; Personnel structure; Professional qualification; Personnel selection methods
Summary/Abstract:Human resources ensure the unification of the means and products of labor. Human resources are what the labor force is made up of and reflect the work directly put into the activity of an economic entity. This work has the character of a theoretical study, the subject of which is the analysis of economic categories such as «human resources», «labor force», «personnel» of an organization, including their nature, characteristics, professional, functional and qualification structure, etc. The subject of analysis are also the processes of planning and optimizing the personnel of an organization, identifying the labour conditions, and determining the methods, sources and techniques for personnel assessment and selection. This analysis also includes the baseline parameters personnel planning within an organization is based on, including the level of labour productivity and trends in changes therein, the production quantities and/or services that have been contracted for production/provision, the qualities a worker should possess such as level of education, qualification, profession, etc., corresponding to the activity carried out by an organisation as well as its financial capacity.

Business Process Re-Design Based on Human Resources Cost Analysis

Business Process Re-Design Based on Human Resources Cost Analysis
(Business Process Re-Design Based on Human Resources Cost Analysis)

Author(s):Ioannis Zouros, Michael Glykas
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:323-332
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Process mining; Event logs; Business process re-engineering; Performance measurement; Effort based costing
Summary/Abstract:Performance measurement and optimization in companies and organizations relies on techniques like process mining, focusing on the analysis of processes using event data. Process re-engineering is the process mining type that aims at improving existing processes. Here we conduct a case study in the medical management domain to discover process optimization and resource reallocation opportunities. We focus on human resource-related costs in different activity decomposition levels. Our findings reveal discrepancies between the actual activity costs and their equivalents. Our study underscores the critical role of process mining and performance analysis in improving operational performance. This paper highlights process mining’s potential techniques in driving organizational excellence by creating insights from event log analysis.

Motivation and Managerial Role in the Hybrid Work Environment

Motivation and Managerial Role in the Hybrid Work Environment
(Motivation and Managerial Role in the Hybrid Work Environment)

Author(s):Žikica Milošević, Andrea Ivanisevic, Alpar Lošonc, Ivana Katić, Danijela Ćirić Lalić, Minja Bolesnikov
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:333-341
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Managers; Motivation; Hybrid work model; Pandemic; COVID-19
Summary/Abstract:Hybrid work environment was discussed even before the COVID-19 pandemic and the arrival of Generation Z en masse, and it was implemented in some areas, but the pandemic period marked a clear disruption event, changing the work environment forever. Instead of teleworking, which was prevalent during the pandemic times, or switching back to full office work, hybrid work environment has become the obvious solution that could preserve “the best of both worlds”: instead of “toleration occasional teleworking” it has become widely seen as an “inseparable part of competitive advantages” for both the organisation and employees. Work/life balance and work/life flexibility are increased in the hybrid model, the autonomy, competence, and connectedness can reach the optimal balance, and the productivity has risen, thus enabling the competitive advantage. A hybrid model seems to be an optimal solution for the future job market, where employees with task-based jobs can feel moti¬vated, especially in so-called creative industries. The managerial role in this future job market is crucial, since it has changed drastically in the last 4 years, and the more flexible managers, who are less control-obsessed and possess tacit knowledge and motivational skills will progress more in the new work environment, which include territorially dispersed workers, like digital nomad, the full-time office workers and the “hybrid workers” all at once. The managers who observe which factors can yield the best results and what model suits which workers may lead their organisations to better results as a consequence of this new flexibility.

Servant Leadership Through the Eyes of Followers – the Case of Bulgaria

Servant Leadership Through the Eyes of Followers – the Case of Bulgaria
(Servant Leadership Through the Eyes of Followers – the Case of Bulgaria)

Author(s):Silvena Yordanova, Ivanka Bankova, Miguel Kangoma
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:343-350
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Servant leadership; Transformational leader; Followership
Summary/Abstract:The current paper focuses on presenting the essence of servant leadership and its characteristics. What is more, it aims also to discuss and analyse how employees perceive the characteristics of servant leadership. For this purpose, the perception that Bulgarian employees have of servant leadership has been presented as well as discussed in the paper. The authors used a quantitative approach and created a questionnaire using Qualtrics which was distributed to Bulgarian employees from both international and Bulgarian companies working in different sectors such as construction, call centers, IT, education, health care and others. The study had 94 participants, whose answers were analysed using Excel and SPSS. The result of the study shows that servant leadership attributes of community development, empathy, humility, moral integrity, employee development, and egalitarianism were perceived by Bulgarian employees as being important for leadership success.

Learning Challenges in the Increasingly Complex Working Environment of Store Retailing – Case Study: Implementation of an Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS)

Learning Challenges in the Increasingly Complex Working Environment of Store Retailing – Case Study: Implementation of an Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS)
(Learning Challenges in the Increasingly Complex Working Environment of Store Retailing – Case Study: Implementation of an Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS))

Author(s):Ciro Alexander Goncalves da Silva,
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:351-361
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Learning challenges; Working environment; Stationary retail; Electronic Performance Support System; EPSS
Summary/Abstract:Many companies are still in the midst of the digital transformation. Their departments and employees are equally affected by the far-reaching changes. This is particularly true for stationary retailers, who are faced with the major challenge of having to adapt and implement work processes in day-to-day business within a tight timeframe. The planned use of new software solutions raises the question of how store employees can best be prepared for the upcoming innovations. One specific solution being considered is the use of an Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS). For this purpose, a qualitative survey was conducted to provide information on whether the system-supported provision of context-related assistance adequately covers the support needs. The results provide current and important insights into the learning challenges facing stationary retail and related sectors in times of digital transformation and how these can be overcome.

Organizational Culture Study of the Elements Affecting Individual Effectiveness in the Social Sector

Organizational Culture Study of the Elements Affecting Individual Effectiveness in the Social Sector
(Organizational Culture Study of the Elements Affecting Individual Effectiveness in the Social Sector)

Author(s):Nina Karakasheva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:363-368
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Individual effectiveness; Organizational culture; Social sector
Summary/Abstract:Organizational culture has been identified by numerous researchers as a factor, influencing both organizational and individual effectiveness. The purpose of this article is to present the methodology and the obtained results of a study of the elements of organizational culture that influence individual effectiveness in the social sector. The research methodology includes the development of an organizational culture model, based on thirty-eight elements, grouped into nine sections. The methodology includes a combination of the expert Delphi Method and variance analysis, used in the behavioral and social sciences. The research findings show where the concurrence of expert opinions is regarding the elements of organizational culture that are important for individual effectiveness in the social sector. The article provides a future research direction and indicates which elements of organizational culture should be included in a Recommended Model of Organizational Culture (RMOC) to improve individual effectiveness in Bulgaria’s social sector.

Hospitality Managerial Attitudes in the Spotlight of Emotional Intelligence

Hospitality Managerial Attitudes in the Spotlight of Emotional Intelligence
(Hospitality Managerial Attitudes in the Spotlight of Emotional Intelligence)

Author(s):Zoltan Kekesi, Beatrix Sellei
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:369-378
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Emotional intelligence; Hospitality management; Managerial attitudes; Leadership; 360-degree Feedback; Hotel industry
Summary/Abstract:This research delves into how Emotional Intelligence (EI) impacts managers’ attitudes in the hospitality industry, focusing on how these attitudes shape leadership effectiveness in hotel management. Emotional intelligence, which involves recognizing, understanding, managing, and influencing one another emotions, is increasingly seen as a skill for managers in demanding fields like hospitality. The study combines a review of existing literature with research that includes interviews with hotel managers and a 360-degree assessment of management competencies. The results indicate that managers with emotional intelligence tend to display more positive managerial attitudes, resulting in enhanced staff performance, customer satisfaction, and overall organizational achievement. The research suggests ways to incorporate emotional intelligence training into hospitality management development initiatives.

Wellbeing Management: Designing and Explaining a Wellbeing Model in Organization

Wellbeing Management: Designing and Explaining a Wellbeing Model in Organization
(Wellbeing Management: Designing and Explaining a Wellbeing Model in Organization)

Author(s):Nicoleta-Andreea Filip, Ion Verzea, Dânuţ Constantin Filip
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:379-384
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Wellbeing; Organization; Model
Summary/Abstract:In today’s organizational environment, wellbeing management plays an essential role in creating a productive work environment. This concept could be a primary consideration at all stages of policy development of an organization. In order to be able to exploit the labor force as much as possible, a manager should also put special emphasis on what the employees want, more precisely on what makes them happy. This article aims to present a comprehensive wellbeing model designed for organizations that includes five key dimensions the authors considered essential: Physical Wellbeing, Emotional Wellbeing, Social Wellbeing, Financial Wellbeing and Psychological Wellbeing. This proposed model is drawn from the analysis of other wellbeing models established in the specialized literature and it aims to enhance employee health and satisfaction, ultimately driving organizational success. The implementation of a structured wellbeing management model would only bring benefits to both the employer and the employees.

The Glass Ceiling Phenomenon in Medicine Analysis of the State of Human Resources of the Medical Profession in the Republic of Croatia

The Glass Ceiling Phenomenon in Medicine Analysis of the State of Human Resources of the Medical Profession in the Republic of Croatia
(The Glass Ceiling Phenomenon in Medicine Analysis of the State of Human Resources of the Medical Profession in the Republic of Croatia)

Author(s):Maja Vizjak
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:385-395
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Women in medicine; Glass ceiling phenomenon; Human resources; Management in healthcare organizations; Entrepreneurship in medicine; Statistical data of healthcare in the Republic of Croatia
Summary/Abstract:Human resources in medicine are becoming more and more numerous, it is a constantly growing sector that is strengthening qualitatively and quantitatively in Croatia. Medical women with completed post-graduate studies and with elections for scientific positions dominate to a decent degree, while the selection for higher scientific positions is dominated by men. Women in medicine dominate numerically, and in 5 out of a total of 61 hospital institutions, there are more doctors, but not in leading management positions. Currently, there are no female directors of clinical hospital centers and clinical hospitals as the largest hospital institutions in Croatia. When representatives are elected in professional chambers, male representatives dominate. Entrepreneurship in medicine is dominated by men, only in the field of general medical practice is it dominated by women. Analyzing the ratios of representation of women and men according to hierarchies in medicine, one gets the impression that there are equals among equals. The behavior pattern of the practice of deciding on promotion, decisions on entrepreneurship, and taking on management or representative roles are on the side of men. This paper aims to investigate the phenomenon of the glass ceiling in medicine in Croatia. The research methodology is a survey questionnaire and analysis of statistical data from reports in medicine. For additional data analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences Analysis Older was used, which confirmed that older age groups of women express stronger feelings towards the existence of the glass ceiling. The contribution of the research is to provide insight into the analysis of human resources in medicine and management in healthcare organizations in Croatia.

Sustainable Development of Marketing in SMEs in Bulgaria and the EU

Sustainable Development of Marketing in SMEs in Bulgaria and the EU
(Sustainable Development of Marketing in SMEs in Bulgaria and the EU)

Author(s):Svetlana Dimitrakieva, Siyka Demirova, Mehmed Mehmedov
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:397-405
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Marketing in SMEs; Sustainable development of marketing in SMEs; Modern marketing technologies; Marketing communications; Bulgaria; EU
Summary/Abstract:The article is devoted to the role of marketing and its sustainable development in small and medium-sized businesses in modern economic conditions. The purpose of the article is to examine and evaluate the process of marketing management in small and medium-sized enterprises, to determine the potential of the marketing processes of these economic entities and to assess the degree of influence of their activity on the economic situation. Looking at the main objectives of SME sustainability marketing and ways to promote business more cheaply. The role of marketing in small and medium-sized companies is the basis of the market economy, and the modern challenges to marketing and sustainable development are related to many problems that significantly complicate their activities. These problems and taking preventive measures are discussed in the article.

From Stores to Screens: The Digital Transformation of Shopping in Albania During COVID-19: Impact of Social Media

From Stores to Screens: The Digital Transformation of Shopping in Albania During COVID-19: Impact of Social Media
(From Stores to Screens: The Digital Transformation of Shopping in Albania During COVID-19: Impact of Social Media)

Author(s):Esmir Demaj, Maria Balozi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:407-415
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:COVID-19 pandemic; Consumer behavior; E-commerce; Social media purchases; Physical stores; Albania
Summary/Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic caused unprecedented changes in consumer behavior worldwide. This study explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on consumer behavior in Albania, with a focus on the shift from physical store shopping to online purchases via social media. The research aims to understand how the pandemic influenced consumer purchasing habits and to identify the factors driving this transition. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining qualitative data from 4 focus groups of various participants and quantitative data from a survey of 124 respondents aged 18-39. The findings reveal a significant increase in online shopping during the pandemic, with approximately 40% of respondents showing a preference for social media purchases even after the pandemic. Key factors influencing this shift include time-saving benefits, ease of product search and comparison, a wider variety of products, and lower perceived costs. The study contributes valuable insights into the Albanian market, highlighting the dual influence of the pandemic and digital platforms on evolving consumer preferences.

Customer Perceptions of Awareness and Security of E-banking Usage

Customer Perceptions of Awareness and Security of E-banking Usage
(Customer Perceptions of Awareness and Security of E-banking Usage)

Author(s):Llesh Lleshaj, Besiana Lika
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:417-425
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Albania’s banking system; e-Banking usage; Safety perception; Customer awareness
Summary/Abstract:E-banking has emerged as a pillar of modern financial systems, offering consumers worldwide remarkable convenience, accessibility, and efficiency. This study investigates the crucial nexus between e-banking adoption and perceptions of safety within Albania’s banking system. Based on a survey of 400 customers, our study highlights the importance of safety perception in driving e-banking adoption. We found that independent variables, such as personal income level, customer awareness of e-banking, perception of ease of use, and perception of safety, significantly correlate with e-banking usage. This underscores the crucial role of safety perception in influencing adoption rates. In addition, individuals with a strong sense of safety are more likely to use e-banking. Albania’s banking sector is advised to enhance safety perceptions by implementing strong cybersecurity measures, conducting educational campaigns for users, and increasing transparency in e-banking operations. Collaborative partnerships with regulatory bodies and industry stakeholders can further strengthen safety protocols, ensuring resilience against cyber threats and fostering continued user trust and engagement.

Applying the TTM Model to Optimize the Marketing of Krishna Consciousness in Europe

Applying the TTM Model to Optimize the Marketing of Krishna Consciousness in Europe
(Applying the TTM Model to Optimize the Marketing of Krishna Consciousness in Europe)

Author(s):Krisztina Bence-Kiss
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:427-435
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:TTM model; Marketing; Krishna consciousness; Religion
Summary/Abstract:Previous studies (Bence-Kiss, 2021) have shown that the Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change (TTM) may be applied to analyze the process of involving people in Krishna Consciousness in Europe. The model has shown that the visitors of communities devoted to Krishna Consciousness on the continent belong to one of the four stages of the model, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. The initial stage, precontemplation is missing, since the study was carried out on individuals already interested in the life of the community. This study aims to find out how these findings may be applied to plan marketing activities more consciously and to reach consumer groups on the different stages of behavior change efficiently. The research has found that there is a significant relationship between the stages of change and the means of gathering information, which supports the development of a new and more efficient communication strategy, matching consumer needs.

From Theory to Practice: Applying Marketing Concepts Across Industries in MBA Programs

From Theory to Practice: Applying Marketing Concepts Across Industries in MBA Programs
(From Theory to Practice: Applying Marketing Concepts Across Industries in MBA Programs)

Author(s):Maja Martinović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:437-446
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Marketing education; Marketing strategies; Marketing mix; Co-creation; Practical application; Diverse industries
Summary/Abstract:Teaching marketing to MBA students, particularly managers from diverse industries, can be greatly enhanced by co-creation with students. Standard teaching methods often fail to demonstrate how to apply theoretical concepts to real-world situations, especially in smaller or resource-limited companies. A study involving 30 MBA students working on real company scenarios revealed that knowledge transfer is more effective when participants co-create strategies and tactics using theoretical models alongside industry-specific examples. For example, some industries benefited from a customer-centric approach using the SAVE model instead of the traditional 4P marketing mix. Industry-specific elements are added to the marketing mix, like internal or sensory marketing, PR, or seasonality. This approach aids in comprehending marketing, showing that flexible, situational strategies enhance understanding and retention, particularly when supported by practical applications. The study suggests that co-creation is a valuable method that can benefit academics and students, enhancing the effectiveness of marketing education.

Teachers’ Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Management Strategies Implementation Impacting Educational Institution Reputation

Teachers’ Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Management Strategies Implementation Impacting Educational Institution Reputation
(Teachers’ Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Management Strategies Implementation Impacting Educational Institution Reputation)

Author(s):Adriana (Tuduruta) Sapariuc, Anca-Maria CLIPA
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:447-456
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Conflict management strategies; Teachers’ emotional intelligence; School reputation
Summary/Abstract:The research investigates the impact of teachers’ emotional intelligence (EI) on constructive conflict management, identifies best practices, and examines the effect of conflict management strategies on the educational institution’s reputation. A mixed methodology was employed for this research as 55 teachers’ ESCQ-T (Emotional Skills and Competence Questionnaire for Teachers) was assessed, followed by semi-structured interviews with those with the highest EI. The study identified key practices these teachers use to manage conflicts effectively, fostering the integration-based conflict management strategy which implies active listening, empathy, and tailored communication approaches, mitigating the effects of cultural influences. The findings suggest that teachers with higher EI are better prepared to manage conflicts, leading to improved teacher-student relationships and a constructive classroom environment. The principal conclusion is that integrating EI training into teacher development programs could enhance conflict management skills, fostering a more conducive learning atmosphere and bolstering the reputation of educational institutions.

Business Students’ Attitudes Towards Peer Assessment: Insights from a 360-Degree Feedback Study

Business Students’ Attitudes Towards Peer Assessment: Insights from a 360-Degree Feedback Study
(Business Students’ Attitudes Towards Peer Assessment: Insights from a 360-Degree Feedback Study)

Author(s):Eszter Benke, Andrea Szoke
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:457-464
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Peer assessment; Business education; Feedback study
Summary/Abstract:This paper investigates the implementation and impact of peer assessments in university courses, focusing on business students at a Hungarian business university. Data from undergraduate courses taught in Hungarian and English from 2023 to 2024 were analyzed to explore students’ engagement and perceptions of the peer evaluation process in presentation classes. Using numerical scales and qualitative feedback, the study aimed to understand the dynamics of co-evaluation, where students are both evaluators and recipients. The findings reveal that students value both giving and receiving feedback and recognize the importance of mastering performance appraisal techniques as essential soft skills. Integrating peer assessment throughout the university curriculum is suggested to enhance critical reflection and interpersonal skills, preparing students for the collaborative demands of the modern workplace.

Assessing Students’ Knowledge Through E-learning Platforms

Assessing Students’ Knowledge Through E-learning Platforms
(Assessing Students’ Knowledge Through E-learning Platforms)

Author(s):Svetlozar Stefanov
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:465-472
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Assessment; Knowledge; Skills; Financial control; Web-based tests; E-learning platforms; Moodle
Summary/Abstract:In this report, an attempt is made to examine issues of discussion related to the assessment of student’s knowledge and skills in the field of Accounting in general, and in „Financial Control“ course in particular. The issue of measuring students’ knowledge and skills is a very important issue that has always caused controversy and discussion among professionals working in the education system. It is so because one of the most important indicators of the quality of education is students’ performance expressed through the grades that teachers give to students. It is quite understandable that it is in the interest of all members of society and especially employers that students’ grades correspond to the maximum extent possible to the knowledge and skills acquired at the university. This issue has not been given enough attention recently, which is why when students get employed it is often found that their knowledge and skills gained at the university do not meet the requirements of the employers. The object of study in this report is the possibilities for assessing students’ knowledge and skills through the use of web-based computer tests consisting of both practical tasks and different types of test questions, allowing a comprehensive assessment of knowledge and skills acquired at the university. The report outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the different types of test questions used to assess students’ knowledge and skills. Emphasis is placed on the search for opportunities through the use of computer tests to achieve an objective assessment of student’s knowledge and skills in the field of Accounting.

From Students‘ Personal Transformation to Sustainable Development in Higher Education

From Students‘ Personal Transformation to Sustainable Development in Higher Education
(From Students‘ Personal Transformation to Sustainable Development in Higher Education)

Author(s):Irina Todorova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:473-481
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Sustainable education; Higher education; Students’ transformation; Students’ satisfaction
Summary/Abstract:This paper highlights the link between the development of sustainable higher education and subjective change in student needs and expectations. Based on the research findings presented in this paper, while the debate on how universities should offer sustainable development to students continues, students‘ needs are undergoing changes that promote sustainable higher education development. Nowadays, students are changing their perception of themselves, and their development in individual and social contexts, and as a result, they are changing their understanding of university. Material conditions are pushed to the background, as well as the need for student initiatives and events. Students put the ability of universities to accept, understand and provide for their personal and professional development first. More than ever, students critically evaluate the quality of education based on their understanding of how education should meet their individual developmental needs and the actual education they receive.

Management Model of the Virtual University – Quantitative Research on the Processes Dimension

Management Model of the Virtual University – Quantitative Research on the Processes Dimension
(Management Model of the Virtual University – Quantitative Research on the Processes Dimension)

Author(s):Viorica Comsa, Ion Verzea, Adrian Vilcu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:483-493
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Virtual university; Management of virtual university; Virtual education; Processes dimension
Summary/Abstract:Management in the virtual university (VU) entails a series of interventions that the management team can use to anticipate, organize, coordinate, and control each structural dimension, starting with specific educational processes, human resources, technical resources, support services, and organizational structure. The paper aims to provide an overview of the particularities of decision-making projected on VU’s processes dimension, which involves online teaching-learning-evaluation, interaction and communication, and the design and development of online courses. The survey findings indicate that managing a VU significantly depends on managerial actions such as planning and organizing online educational processes. The research results on processes highlight the most important managerial actions: prioritizing the actions of the staff involved in the online teaching-learning-evaluation processes in close correlation with a clear definition of their roles, tasks, and responsibilities is crucial. This study aids traditional university management in integrating online approaches and organizing courses in a flexible online environment under the umbrella of the VU model.

Education of School Pedagogues for Sustainable Development – A Case Study in the Republic of Serbia

Education of School Pedagogues for Sustainable Development – A Case Study in the Republic of Serbia
(Education of School Pedagogues for Sustainable Development – A Case Study in the Republic of Serbia)

Author(s):Jelena Maksimović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:495-503
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Sustainable development; School pedagogues; Education for sustainable development; Areas of work of school pedagogues
Summary/Abstract:Education for sustainable development is a very current field and there are lots of research on the importance of this strategy. The paper analyzes the concept and shows the ways of educating school pedagogues for sustainable development in the Republic of Serbia. The main goal of the introduction and work of the service of school pedagogues is the application of modern theoretical and practical knowledge from pedagogy in the improvement of educational practice through 11 areas that include: planning and programming of educational work; implementation of the teaching and educational process; monitoring and evaluation of school work; improvement of educational work and cooperation with teachers; work and cooperation with students; cooperation with parents; research of educational practice; work in professional institute; cooperation with professional institutions, the local community and professional development; documentation management; preparation for work. School pedagogues are obliged to include jobs from all fields in their annual work program. The results of this research show that within these areas education for sustainable development permeates, but that there is no separate area. The research is focused on the question of how we can encourage the actors of the educational process and the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia about the importance of education for sustainable development.

How to Apply AI in Sustainability Research Project

How to Apply AI in Sustainability Research Project
(How to Apply AI in Sustainability Research Project)

Author(s):Kalin Kalev
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:505-509
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:AI; Research; Academic
Summary/Abstract:The paper outlines conceptual ideas for the application of AI in sustainability research projects. As integration of AI in research is still in its early stages AI is announced to have significant potential in research processes. Although the authors consider that AI should not be used for its own sake. AI can automate tasks, recognize topics, and identify emerging trends which can significantly improve research efficiency and accuracy. However, challenges such as data bias and ethical considerations must be addressed. In conclusion, the implementation of AI in sustainability research projects requires a collaborative approach between human intellect and AI capabilities and “Garbage in, Garbage out” (GIGO) has to be remembered in the application of AI tools.

Transformative Translation: Empowering Environmental Discourse Through Linguistic Innovation and Sustainable Translations

Transformative Translation: Empowering Environmental Discourse Through Linguistic Innovation and Sustainable Translations
(Transformative Translation: Empowering Environmental Discourse Through Linguistic Innovation and Sustainable Translations)

Author(s):Noemi-Maria Sburlea, Daniel Dejica
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:511-518
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Cultural transformation; Eco-linguistics; Environmental discourse; Language technology; Participatory translation; Sustainable translations; Sustainability; Transformative translation
Summary/Abstract:As environmental challenges intensify, effective communication is essential to facilitate global sustainability. Translators and translation scholars may need to reconsider traditional translation approaches and offer effective translation solutions to cope with the complexity of environmental discourse. This paper is part of a wider and ongoing research project and introduces a tentative transformative approach to translation, which combined with linguistic innovation, is aimed at offering solutions for achieving sustainable translations. Rooted in eco-linguistics, participatory translation, and cultural adaptation, this approach transcends linguistic and cultural barriers, fostering inclusive and impactful communication. Transformative translation acknowledges the deep connection between language, culture, and the environment, shaping perceptions and behaviours toward achieving sustainability. By involving stakeholders and emphasizing cultural adaptation, translators ensure relevance and engagement across diverse target text users. Integrating technology with human expertise further enhances accessibility and nuance in translations. This tentative transformative approach to translation bridges global and local contexts and empowers environmental discourse, contributing to global efforts to achieve sustainability.

Application of the Convolution Neural Network in the Text Sentiment Analysis

Application of the Convolution Neural Network in the Text Sentiment Analysis
(Application of the Convolution Neural Network in the Text Sentiment Analysis)

Author(s):Jasmina Novaković, Suzana R. Marković
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:519-526
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Sentiment analysis; CNN; Neural networks; Machine learning; Classification
Summary/Abstract:Sentiment analysis deals with the analysis of the opinions, attitudes and emotions of the people who wrote a certain text. The goal of text sentiment analysis is to detect positive, neutral or negative sentiments from the text. The ability to automatically recognize emotions from text has many practical applications, such as customer sentiment analysis, social media monitoring, and customer feedback analysis. In this paper, we considered the application of neural networks in text sentiment analysis, using the Python programming language and Keras as a deep learning Python library. In the experimental part of the work, we trained a convolution neural network to classify text into different classes depending on the recognized emotions. We obtained a model that we tested on a test data set and considered the classification accuracy of the obtained model.

Tourism in the Function of Economic Growth and Development in the Modern World

Tourism in the Function of Economic Growth and Development in the Modern World
(Tourism in the Function of Economic Growth and Development in the Modern World)

Author(s):Adrijana Vuković, Marijana Milunović, Dušan Aničić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:527-533
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Tourism; Economic growth; Modern world
Summary/Abstract:Contemporary economic flows in the world economy, especially trends within the development of tourism, are becoming more and more dynamic. The modern world is characterized by constant changes, in which the key to economic success lies in the ability to understand them and optimally adapt to the newly emerging business environment. The dynamic development of the world economy in recent decades has caused major changes in the structure of the world economy. Tourism, as one of the economic branches, greatly contributes to the economic growth and development of the world economy today. It can be said that tourism has acquired the hallmark of a very complex and significant economic category. In this regard, the aim of this paper is to indicate the economic importance of tourism and its impact on the development of national and global economy, with a special overview of the Balkan region.

The Need for Sustainable Tourism

The Need for Sustainable Tourism
(The Need for Sustainable Tourism)

Author(s):Adela Cafuli, Rovena Vangjel (Troplini)
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:535-542
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Tourism; Sustainable tourism; Economic sustainability; Environment; Accommodation sector
Summary/Abstract:Sustainable tourism has gained significant attention in recent years due to environmental pressures. Climate change and environmental degradation have made people more aware of the environmental and social impacts of their travel and tourism activities. The tourism industry has the potential to contribute to the three pillars of sustainable development by preserving the environment, promoting social inclusivity, and fostering local economic development. Balancing tourism development with environmental conservation and socio-economic sustainability is crucial for the long-term viability of this industry. Albania has great potential to become one of the Balkans region countries suitable for implementing and developing sustainable tourism practices due to its natural beauty, cultural heritage, landscapes, etc. As tourism affects the overall dimensions of our lives, implementing sustainable tourism practices requires undertaking some strategies such as policy and regulations, community engagements, and awareness. People must choose greener transport forms, eat local foods, and seek authentic and small-group tourism experiences. The private sector needs to invest in sustainable practices to minimize the negative impacts of their activities on the environment. Through prioritizing responsible development, community engagement and awareness, and environmental conservation, Albania can turn tourism into a significant contributor to the economy and people’s well-being. Through a descriptive overview of some global and Albanian sustainable tourism practices and their impact on the economy, environment, and society, this paper aims to analyse the importance of implementing more sustainable tourism practices in our country’s accommodation and services sectors.

The Influence of Tourism Policy on the Management and Development of the Destination

The Influence of Tourism Policy on the Management and Development of the Destination
(The Influence of Tourism Policy on the Management and Development of the Destination)

Author(s):Andreja Rudančić, Sandra Šokčević, Siniša Hajdaš Dončić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:543-552
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Tourism policy; Tourism development; Destination; Makarska city
Summary/Abstract:The paper investigates the role of tourism policy in the management of the tourist destination of the city of Makarska, which is one of the most important tourist destinations on the Croatian coast of the Adriatic Sea. Focusing on the complexity of managing a tourist destination enabled an analysis of the importance of an integrated approach in tourism development, with a special emphasis on meeting the needs of all stakeholders and ensuring the destination’s sustainable future. The subject of this paper is to analyse the theoretical framework of tourism policy and to investigate how tourism policy affects the management of a tourist destination on the model of the Makarska tourist destination. The goal of the work is a deeper understanding of the complexity of tourism policy and the identification of key factors that contribute to the sustainable development of tourist destinations. Through the analysis of the tourism policy, the possibilities of improving the tourism of the mentioned destination with the aim of long-term prosperity were investigated. Special importance is attached to examining the attitudes of the local population on the impact of tourism and tourism policy. The analysis of the perception of the local population provided a deeper insight into the positive and negative aspects of tourism and the identification of key areas for further action. In the paper, empirical research was conducted through an online survey questionnaire to analyse the views of the local population on the impact of tourism and tourism policy on the specified destination. Primary data were collected through a one-time descriptive survey on a targeted sample (N 1332). The general conclusion of the research is that based on a detailed analysis of the tourism policy of the city of Makarska, key aspects of business and investment in tourism were investigated, including demand monitoring, innovation, tourism promotion, investment in employees, raising the quality of business and environmental protection. The results of the average scores of the respondents show a moderately good degree of agreement with the mentioned aspects, while a certain variability in the scores can be observed.

Innovation in the Marche Region’s Tourism Sector: The Case of Inside Marche Live

Innovation in the Marche Region’s Tourism Sector: The Case of Inside Marche Live
(Innovation in the Marche Region’s Tourism Sector: The Case of Inside Marche Live)

Author(s):Gian Luigi Corinto, Katia Giusepponi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:553-564
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Business models in tourism; Network of tourism businesses; Impact indicators
Summary/Abstract:The Marche region is situated in what is known as the Third Italy, right at the heart of the Italian Peninsula. This geographical area has traditionally served as an incubator for entrepreneurship within the framework of the industrial district model. The economy continues to rely heavily on manufacturing for export purposes. The tourism sector, while predominantly characterized by family tourism along the Adriatic Sea coast, has also seen some emerging activities in farm and rural tourism in the inland areas. However, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 unexpectedly catalyzed local initiatives among tourism operators. The halt in economic activity provided an opportunity for approximately thirty companies to utilize their newfound free time to devise a new model for collective cooperative tourist offerings. The work studies the Inside Marche Live initiative developed by tour operators with the aim of creating a network of tourism businesses to promote inbound tourism in the Marche region and facilitate outbound tourism by Italians. In particular, the work delves into the analysis of this initiative as a relevant case study in terms of strategic collaboration and plural resilience in tourism.

Rural Tourism Challenges of the Sarajevo Canton’s “Green Ring”

Rural Tourism Challenges of the Sarajevo Canton’s “Green Ring”
(Rural Tourism Challenges of the Sarajevo Canton’s “Green Ring”)

Author(s):Lejla Žunić, Amila Demir, Antonela Ravlić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:565-574
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Rural tourism; Stakeholders; Cohesion; Key features; Top motives; Challenges; Barriers
Summary/Abstract:Rural tourism is gaining popularity due to a healthier stay in a less developed rural environment. Sarajevo Canton, Bosnia and Herzegovina’s most popular destination strives to enhance its tourism offer by developing rural tourism in its immediate surroundings. The “green ring,” a basin rim with preserved forest ecosystems and rural villages, serves as the foundation for the rural tourism product. The paper analyses the characteristics of rural tourism in the vicinity of Sarajevo and the role of stakeholders in planning rural tourism. Fieldwork, surveys, and interviews with tourism industry representatives were conducted to determine the cohesion of joint activity and the key features of rural tourism development. Domestic tourists make up the majority of rural visitors, although tourists from the Middle East and Europe are particularly interested in rural tourism. The top motives for visiting rural areas are walking and hiking, traditional gastronomy, and escaping from everyday life. The paper clarifies the challenges and barriers to rural tourism development.

Perspectives of the Development of Sports Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Perspectives of the Development of Sports Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Perspectives of the Development of Sports Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Author(s):Anka Bulatovic, Lidija Vučićević, Elda Lolić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:575-584
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Development; Sports tourism; Bosnia and Herzegovina; Strategy
Summary/Abstract:Sports tourism is considered one of the fastest-growing sectors in tourism. More and more tourists are interested in sports activities during their travels, regardless of whether sports are the main purpose of the trip or not. Major sporting events can be a catalyst for tourism development if they are successfully used in terms of destination branding, infrastructure development and other economic and social benefits. This research analyzed the importance, potentials and challenges, as well as the perspectives on the development of sports tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Numerous destinations and specific attractions, along with natural and cultural heritage, provide the possibility of a diverse offer of Bosnia and Herzegovina, which, with adequate strategies for further development and more intensive promotional marketing activities, contributes not only to the strengthening of economic growth, but also sports tourism, and sports in general. Sports Tourism is experiencing growth and attracts an increasing number of visitors from countries around the world. Using a combined methodological approach, which includes surveying stakeholders and analyzing collected data, we highlight the importance of sports tourism, as well as sports in general. The goal is to make Bosnia and Herzegovina an even more attractive destination by instructing policymakers and tourism professionals to strengthen and expand existing capacities and ensure sustainability and economic benefits for the well-being of the entire society, given the competitive environment of countries in the region that also abound in natural beauty, and a rich and attractive offer of sports activities and tourist experiences.

Conceptualization of Religious Tourism in the Republic of Croatia

Conceptualization of Religious Tourism in the Republic of Croatia
(Conceptualization of Religious Tourism in the Republic of Croatia)

Author(s):Dijana Vuković, Neven Šipić, Fani Kerum
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:585-593
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Religious tourism; Conceptualization of religious tourism; Development perspectives; Republic of Croatia
Summary/Abstract:Purpose. Religious tourism requires a special approach to developing a tourist destination to meet the specific needs of believers and create a sustainable tourist community. Quality religious tourism should offer relevant and fulfilling content so that visitors can gain a deeper understanding of religious aspects and feel a connection with the spiritual, traditional, and cultural dimensions of the destination they are visiting. Results. The lack of cooperation between tourist workers and religious institutions, represents a big problem since it makes it impossible to optimal and coordinate the creation of a tourist product, and the conceptualization of religious tourism. Absence of quality specialized and themed ones Because religious tourism in Croatia is so popular, there is an issue with its content. There is a single, widely recognized mold in which the content is created, but it would undoubtedly need to be modified because, in addition to the elderly, young people are becoming more and more interested in religious tourism; as a result, new content tailored to their age groups should be offered to them. Conclusion. Strengthening cooperation with the local tourist community and strengthening promotion are key steps in the development of religious tourism. Establishing a joint strategy of the local and religious community and making investments are necessary for its further growth.

Tourism and Libraries: Multiple Case Studies

Tourism and Libraries: Multiple Case Studies
(Tourism and Libraries: Multiple Case Studies)

Author(s):Iva Slivar, Marko Orbanić, Jasna Potočnik Topler
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:595-605
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Libraries; Tourism; Case studies; Literary tourism
Summary/Abstract:Thirty years ago, libraries - up to then undiscussed guardians of knowledge - around the world were facing problems, because their vital roles were being undermined. These roles, which include educating the population and informing the public, have been replaced by television, the Internet, and other tools. To fight for their survival and sustainability, libraries tried to determine what other role they could play. New initiatives have been launched to save libraries. In recent times, the concept of libraries has undergone a remarkable transformation. A wave of innovative, state-of-the-art library facilities has emerged across the globe, challenging traditional notions of what a library should be. These modern institutions are far from the quiet, book-filled spaces of yesteryear. Instead, they have evolved into dynamic hubs of activity, designed to captivate both local and international visitors. They have rooftop gardens, public parks, verandas, play areas, teen centres, cinemas, arcades, art galleries, restaurants, and more. In addition, libraries today are also becoming tourist attractions around the world, so their role is being transformed. The goal of this paper is to present case studies of libraries in tourism providing a discussion based on a comparison, of the modern roles of libraries and literary tourism reflecting perspectives of application in Croatia.

Innovation in Gastronomic Tourism: The Impact of Value Chain Stages on the Tourist Experience

Innovation in Gastronomic Tourism: The Impact of Value Chain Stages on the Tourist Experience
(Innovation in Gastronomic Tourism: The Impact of Value Chain Stages on the Tourist Experience)

Author(s):Brilanda Bushati, Enkeleda Lacej
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:607-613
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Value chain; Gastronomic tourism; Innovation
Summary/Abstract:Gastronomic tourism has gained significant importance in the tourism industry, offering a unique experience for travellers to delve into the culture, traditions, and flavours of a destination. This study examines the role of the value chain in gastronomic tourism, with a focus on the city of Shkodra, Albania. Through a comprehensive investigation of the stages of the value chain, encompassing food production, preparation, distribution, and consumption, the study aims to comprehend their impact on visitors’ gastronomic experiences. Objectives include identifying current trends in gastronomic tourism, such as technological advancements and tourists’ preferences for authentic cuisine, as well as pinpointing innovations and assessing economic impacts at the local level. This study utilizes a regression model to analyze the value chain within a specific context. The authors aim to identify how these interpretations can inform the understanding of various factors influencing gastronomic tourism analysis and inform the development of appropriate strategies for its future growth.

An Empirical Study of Virtual Tour Experience in Tourism Context

An Empirical Study of Virtual Tour Experience in Tourism Context
(An Empirical Study of Virtual Tour Experience in Tourism Context)

Author(s):Suzana Marković, Sanja Raspor Janković, Suzana Bareša
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:615-621
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Tourism experience; Virtual reality; Virtual tour experience; Virtual tour satisfaction
Summary/Abstract:Technologies like virtual reality have the potential to create new ways of interaction between tourists and different tourist attractions. In this context, virtual tours can emerge as an innovative promotional tool that offers immersive experiences and provides a comprehensive understanding of a particular destination. This study aims to examine experience factors that influence satisfaction with virtual tours in several tourism sectors, namely, museums, national and nature parks, and tourism destinations. To measure variables in the research model, previously validated scales from the literature were adopted. Data was collected using an online questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive and multiple regression analyses. The results reveal the significant impact of virtual tour experience on satisfaction, explaining how virtual tour features can enhance satisfaction with presented virtual content. Therefore, these results can benefit both academics and practitioners, by extending the present knowledge of virtual tour experience and measurement.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Destination’s Life Cycle (The Case of Samokov Municipality, Bulgaria)

The Impact of COVID-19 on Destination’s Life Cycle (The Case of Samokov Municipality, Bulgaria)
(The Impact of COVID-19 on Destination’s Life Cycle (The Case of Samokov Municipality, Bulgaria))

Author(s):Vassia Yaneva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:623-631
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Tourism; Life cycle; Pandemic
Summary/Abstract:The life cycle of a destination is a concept used by Butler (1980) to examine and analyze tourism evolution in specific destinations. With the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic world tourism arrivals and revenues decreased, occupancy rates fell, and international markets shifted. The paper aims to examine the extent of these changes and the pandemic effect on the life cycle in one of the most popular winter ski and sports destinations in Bulgaria – Samokov municipality. The methods used are based on statistical data provided by the Bulgarian Statistical Institute. The main results of the research are that Bulgarian tourism in general is recovering quickly and successfully after the COVID-19 pandemic and that the life cycle of a destination is not limited only to the changing numbers of tourist arrivals to it. There is a need to review the classic model of Butler and introduce more indicators to be used.

Reproduction and Preservation of Albanian Handicraft Accessories Through Additive Manufacturing

Reproduction and Preservation of Albanian Handicraft Accessories Through Additive Manufacturing
(Reproduction and Preservation of Albanian Handicraft Accessories Through Additive Manufacturing)

Author(s):Albana Leti Tota
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:633-640
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Handicrafts; Prototyping; Additive manufacturing; 3D software; Preserving
Summary/Abstract:The development of craftsmanship of silver and gold ornaments and the minting of silver coins in the country have their origins in ancient times. The first objects made of precious metal in the form of ornaments from the Bronze Age were two gold balls made of spiral wire. The reproduction of traditional objects in 3D form has now become an urgent necessity for the creation of a new method of cataloging cultural heritage in Albania, ensuring its preservation for future generations. This technology, with its innovative capabilities, provides new opportunities for studying and processing the acquisition and preservation of geometric forms of damaged museum objects in cultural institutes. It is a thrilling and important innovative technique in the restoration, documentation and preservation of the original objects. This paper presents the approach of prototyping traditional accessories by scanning and modelling them with 3D software for the reproduction of realistic 3D models of folkloric objects for cataloging to be preserved for the future. We worked with two methods, 3D scanning objects with a Konica Minolta Scanner and 3D modelling with Zbrush Software, to obtain 3D models with high resolution and real dimension. These models were then sent directly to the 3D printers for fabrication of the original object. The software used was PET, for scanned objects to export the data in standard formats: DXF, STL, CAM, and CAT 3-D, and convert, save, or send for reproduction in 3D printers with real-dimension objects. Comparing the two methods, it was obvious, that 3D objects can also be obtained through modeling, even though it requires more time to acquire the object in 3D. This shows that inexpensive desktop production equipment with suitable software can provide accurate data at a low cost in preserving folk accessories.

Quantifying the Multiplier Effect of the Hospitality Sector

Quantifying the Multiplier Effect of the Hospitality Sector
(Quantifying the Multiplier Effect of the Hospitality Sector)

Author(s):Aleksandar Trajkov, Jovanka Biljan
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:641-648
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Multiplier; Hospitality; Tourism; Input; Output; Macedonia
Summary/Abstract:This research examines the economic impact of tourism in N. Macedonia, focusing on the hospitality sector (hotels and restaurants). Using Symmetric Input-Output (SIOT) tables, the study quantifies the multiplier effect by analyzing the direct and indirect impacts of the hospitality sector on the national economy. The study reveals that the hospitality sector has the highest multiplier (2.293) compared to all other sectors, underscoring its crucial role in stimulating economic activity. A change in tourist expenditure within this sector triggers a significant ripple effect, generating increased demand for goods and services across various industries that support the hospitality sector. This finding highlights the importance of creating a prosperous and sustainable hospitality sector. Policymakers and industry stakeholders can use its high multiplier effect to promote economic growth and development across a wide range of interconnected industries within the national economy.

Laboratory Testing for Evaluating Bio-Based Building Materials Behavior Subjected to near Pyrolysis Temperature

Laboratory Testing for Evaluating Bio-Based Building Materials Behavior Subjected to near Pyrolysis Temperature
(Laboratory Testing for Evaluating Bio-Based Building Materials Behavior Subjected to near Pyrolysis Temperature)

Author(s):Ruxandra Erbasu, Ioana Teodorescu, Andrei Dan Sabau
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:649-655
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Pyrolysis; Glulam; Adhesive; Mechanical behavior; High temperatures; Bio-based composite materials
Summary/Abstract:This paper is based on the background offered by an extended research project aiming to analyze and develop a testing system for the mechanical behavior of some new configurations of bio-based composite materials (more specifically glued laminated timber) when subjected to high temperatures. The need for this type of materials is becoming more topical due to the attempt to replace the building materials whose production is energy-intensive (especially steel and concrete) with bio-renewable building materials (as, for example, wood) within the framework of the European “Green New Deal” policy to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, of which the construction industry is considerably responsible. Current engineering practice focuses on normal environmental temperatures, however radical behavior changes may occur during a fire. The subject of the present paper deals with the assessment of changes occurring in the mechanical parameters of massive wood products (more specifically glued laminated timber-glulam) due to temperature variation, especially close to pyrolysis temperature. The testing samples were prepared using current adhesive solutions and wood essences as in the case of the real-scale structural glulam elements. The heating gear was embedded in the glued midplane of the sample to apply different temperatures. Tests were performed in direct shearing equipment, where the glued section was fitted in the middle of the shear box. Changes in the mechanical behavior of wood at high raised temperatures are monitored but the focus is on the variation of the adhesive parameters during testing.

Rule of Law, Corruption, and Tax Revenue Performance

Rule of Law, Corruption, and Tax Revenue Performance
(Rule of Law, Corruption, and Tax Revenue Performance)

Author(s):Danijela Miloshoska
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:657-667
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Tax revenue; Rule of law; Corruption; Western Balkan; North Macedonia
Summary/Abstract:Tax revenue refers to the income generated by governments and serves as a critical funding source for public services, infrastructure development, and social welfare programs. While effective legal frameworks and enforcement mechanisms facilitate tax compliance, corruption undermines tax collection efforts, erodes public trust, and distorts economic activity. This study examines the relationship between the rule of law, corruption, and tax revenue performance in North Macedonia. Comparative analyses of the World Bank Governance Indicators - Rule of Law Index and Control of Corruption Index were conducted among countries in the Western Balkan region. Secondary data from the World Bank were utilized, and multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine the impact of the Rule of Law index and Corruption index on tax revenue performance for North Macedonia. Findings indicate weak governance performance related to the rule of law and control of corruption across the Western Balkan region, with the index for all countries below 0. In North Macedonia specifically, findings indicate that approximately 50.7% of the variability in tax revenue can be explained by the rule of law and control of corruption indices. The correlation coefficient of 0,71, suggests a strong positive correlation between tax revenue (% of GDP) and the Rule of Law and Control of Corruption. These findings underscore the significance of addressing corruption and strengthening the rule of law to enhance tax revenue performance.

Smart Legal Contracts and Their Implications in Digital Era

Smart Legal Contracts and Their Implications in Digital Era
(Smart Legal Contracts and Their Implications in Digital Era)

Author(s):Yordanka Noneva-Zlatkova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:669-676
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Smart legal contracts; Blockchain; Digital era; Traditional contract
Summary/Abstract:The law in the new digital era is faced with many challenges and unknown legal figures. Smart legal contracts are a notion that needs to be defined in the legal fields of study. They are powered by blockchain technology, automate, and enforce contract terms through code. Also, these contracts offer benefits like efficiency, accuracy, transparency, and automation across sectors such as finance, supply chain, real estate, healthcare, and intellectual property. Despite their advantages, smart contracts face challenges including technical issues, legal recognition, security risks, and ethical implications. As technology advances and legal frameworks evolve, the adoption of smart legal contracts is expected to grow, transforming traditional contract practices, and integrating with emerging technologies like AI and IoT, ultimately shaping the future of digital transactions and legal agreements. In addition, the author traces how the traditional theoretical aspects of contracts can be applied to smart legal contracts. The researcher proves that the new technologies may influence the conventional legal order, which may be explained by the fact that individuals want to live in a more efficient digital era, than those in the conventional trade economy.

Capital Gains on Transfer of Assets by a Partnership Firm to its Partners in India – Fishing in Troubled Waters

Capital Gains on Transfer of Assets by a Partnership Firm to its Partners in India – Fishing in Troubled Waters
(Capital Gains on Transfer of Assets by a Partnership Firm to its Partners in India – Fishing in Troubled Waters)

Author(s):Sridhar Vemulapati, Bindu Ronald
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:669-689
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:Capital gains; Income tax; India
Summary/Abstract:The Finance Act, 2021 introduced section 9B to the Income Tax Act, 1961 and substituted (4) 45(4) of the Act. These sections deal with the transfer of money, capital assets and other assets from a partnership firm to a partner. The amendments are stated to be made to clear the uncertainty that exists in the law. This article explores the history of taxation of partnership firms and their partners under the Indian Tax law and examines whether the said amendments meet the stated objective. The authors argue that the amendments have widened the uncertainty rather than minimise it let alone erase it. In the opinion of the authors, the entire amendment process is flawed, and the situation causes vexatious litigation of alarming proportions. Similar tax provisions in the USA, the UK and Australia, are compared.

Legal Remedies for Victims of Corporate Human Rights Abuses: A Comparative Analysis

Legal Remedies for Victims of Corporate Human Rights Abuses: A Comparative Analysis
(Legal Remedies for Victims of Corporate Human Rights Abuses: A Comparative Analysis)

Author(s):Ledja Burnazi Mitllari
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:691-699
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Remedy; Human rights; Abuse; Business; Corporate; Law
Summary/Abstract:This study examines the legal recourse for victims of corporate human rights violations in various jurisdictions, aiming to determine best practices and enhance human rights protection in the corporate sphere through comparative analysis. With corporations exerting considerable influence and power globally, often crossing borders without consequence, there has been a surge in human rights abuses. The research digs into the available avenues for victims to seek redress for such violations, analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of legal frameworks. By synthesizing case studies and legislative frameworks from diverse legal systems, the study seeks to identify practical approaches for improving access to justice, legal accountability, and the role of international law. Ultimately, it aims to contribute to conversations on corporate accountability and justice for victims of human rights abuses perpetrated by corporations.

EU Enlargement and Moldova: Commitment to Rule of Law and Justice Reform

EU Enlargement and Moldova: Commitment to Rule of Law and Justice Reform
(EU Enlargement and Moldova: Commitment to Rule of Law and Justice Reform)

Author(s):Andrea Mazelliu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:701-707
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:EU enlargement; Moldova; Justice reform; Vetting process; Rule of law; Pre-vetting; SCM; SCP
Summary/Abstract:One year after the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the EU granted the candidate status to Ukraine and Moldova, while putting Georgia on hold towards the EU membership. In Moldova’s commitment to faster integration into the EU, the country is facing challenges in reforming its justice system and establishing new judicial institutions. Moldova is undergoing justice reform as one of the main steps toward EU integration, with vigorous efforts to further strengthen the rule of law and combat corruption in the justice system. In 2020, following EU recommendations and support, Moldova’s pro-European government ventured into “uncharted waters” by initiating the vetting reform of the justice system, aiming to establish a rule of law country that aligns with EU standards. This paper will thoroughly examine the ongoing justice reform that Moldova is carrying out as part of its efforts to integrate into the EU. This paper will methodically analyze Moldova’s vetting process and justice reform, comparing it with models from countries like Albania to identify potential challenges. It will highlight the ongoing development of the rule of law because of these reforms in safeguarding judicial independence and establishing the state of democracy, while also assessing their impact on constitutional stability and the challenges highlighted by the integration process.

The Judicial Narrative of the European Court of Human Rights on Inclusion and Diversity in Education

The Judicial Narrative of the European Court of Human Rights on Inclusion and Diversity in Education
(The Judicial Narrative of the European Court of Human Rights on Inclusion and Diversity in Education)

Author(s):Benilde Moreira
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:709-716
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Human rights; Inclusion; Non-discrimination
Summary/Abstract:This article aims to present a study of the judicial arguments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) in the field of cultural diversity and inclusion concerning education. Analyzing the justificatory arguments of the judgments allows us to understand and delimit strategic frameworks for the implementation of public policies for the inclusion of minorities in the advancement of current educational systems, contributing to the consolidation of their human rights. It analyzes the application of Article 14 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The arguments arising from the application of this principle are addressed from the point of view of cultural diversity, analyzing the institutional difficulties and subtleties of institutional discourses that are often discriminatory based on race or ethnic origin. Arguments from the cases judged by the ECtHR are listed, highlighting the grounds that support positive action with the aim of advancing the effective protection of minorities, especially in education. It is claimed that arguments stemming from the principle of non-discrimination contribute to deepening concrete policies for the inclusion of minorities and that it is necessary to overcome the hesitations of institutionalized discourses.

Legal Unification Instruments in Hungary, with Special Reference to the Uniformity Decision

Legal Unification Instruments in Hungary, with Special Reference to the Uniformity Decision
(Legal Unification Instruments in Hungary, with Special Reference to the Uniformity Decision)

Author(s):Andrea Noemi Toth
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:717-724
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Legal unity; Uniformity decision; Curia of Hungary
Summary/Abstract:In Hungary, the supreme judicial body, the Curia (since 2012, the Supreme Court has been renamed the Curia again), occupies an extremely special place in the Hungarian judicial system. According to the Fundamental Law, the Curia of Hungary is the supreme judicial body of Hungary and the Curia ensures the unity of the courts in the application of the law. This is its sole task, which cannot be shared with any other court. There are many instruments connected with the Curia that promote legal unity, among which uniformity decisions are of particular importance because they are binding on Hungarian courts from the date of their publication. This paper will review the concept of unity of jurisdiction, briefly outline the legal unity instruments, and then detail the specific rules applicable to uniformity proceedings and decisions.

Sustainable Food Consumption in EU Law Perspective

Sustainable Food Consumption in EU Law Perspective
(Sustainable Food Consumption in EU Law Perspective)

Author(s):Olga Śniadach
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:725-731
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Sustainable consumption; Consumer; Farm to Fork
Summary/Abstract:In the EU, the concept of the sustainable consumer has been present in the public sphere for some time. The concept has been concerned with the consumer in general but provides a good basis for developing the concept of the sustainable food consumer. The need to increase the availability of sustainable food and the need to empower consumers so that they can make informed, healthy, and sustainable food choices may prove to be a key element and glue linking health, agricultural, and environmental aspects. Sustainable food consumption is expected to take into account environmental aspects, as the food production cycle is very significantly responsible for greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants entering the soil and air.

The Right to Water – An Interdisciplinary Analysis

The Right to Water – An Interdisciplinary Analysis
(The Right to Water – An Interdisciplinary Analysis)

Author(s):Elena Emilia Ştefan
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:733-740
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Water; Public authorities; Public interest; Rule of law; Legality
Summary/Abstract:Nowadays, mankind is faced with situations that lead public authorities to take decisions to protect the population, ensuring its right to water, but they must observe the legality and the rule of law, so as to achieve the necessary balance between the public interest and the interest of private individuals. Increasingly frequent extreme events around the globe are disrupting nature and affecting water and life on Earth: drought, vegetation fires, over-irrigation, floods, pollution or even war. The author estimates that the issue of water scarcity will be high on the agenda of all the world’s governments and that solutions must be found at the international level to ensure drinking water for the population while limiting water wastage, measures that will urgently lead to the conservation of existing water resources. To avoid restricting daily water consumption, people need to behave more responsibly with water and value it. The objective of the paper is to analyze water from an interdisciplinary perspective, seen as a human right in international acts and to study the doctrine and applicable legislation in order to learn more about the regulation of the right to water. In this background, the theme is topical and has general practical applicability, of interest to everyone, people and authorities, in any geographical area of the Earth, because water has no nationality, and is consumed daily by everyone.

The Right to Enjoy a Healthy Environment and the Deposit Return System in Romania

The Right to Enjoy a Healthy Environment and the Deposit Return System in Romania
(The Right to Enjoy a Healthy Environment and the Deposit Return System in Romania)

Author(s):Laura-Cristiana Spataru-Negura
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:741-750
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Deposit Return System; DRS; Healthy environment; Human rights; Romania; Strasbourg
Summary/Abstract:The environment is protected by public international law although a general framework convention does not exist. We all have the right to enjoy a sound, quiet and healthy environment! It is not just a current slogan, very heard nowadays, but it is also a right, even though it is not expressly guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights, but also by other international instruments such as the European Social Charter. Nowadays we have to discover and explore how we can protect the environment by using human rights law. The main aim of this study is to increase the understanding of the relationship between the international protection of human rights under the European Convention on Human Rights and the environment, as well as to contribute to strengthening environmental protection at the national level. Therefore, on one part, we will highlight the most relevant cases of the European Court on Human Rights on environment-related matters, and on the other part, we will inform the scientific community about how the deposit return system (DRS) is working in Romania after its launch on 30 November 2023. In our opinion, the DRS represents a huge step towards a more sustainable future for Romania, which will entail the right to enjoy a healthy environment.

Rights on Databases and Technological Measures – Topical Problems of the Information Society

Rights on Databases and Technological Measures – Topical Problems of the Information Society
(Rights on Databases and Technological Measures – Topical Problems of the Information Society)

Author(s):Albena Dobreva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:751-758
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Technological measures; Database; Database Directive; InfoSoc Directive; Exceptions and limitations
Summary/Abstract:Technological measures entered into a mode of harmonization in the European legal space with Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonization of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society. In Art. 6, para. 3, these measures, in the field of intellectual property better known as technological protective measures (TPM), were expressly intended, including for the sui generis right provided for in Chapter III of Directive 96/9/EC. The following analysis considers the forms of manifestation, dynamics, harmonization issues, and bottlenecks in the application of technological measures to intellectual property objects with an emphasis on databases. A handful of selected examples from EU case law and technical literature help to make visible the conflict between the technological and the legal, and sometimes between them and the fair, the expected and the reasonable. Such examples are like labels that the reinforce feeling of that contradictory union that gave birth to the expression “L’union de l’aveugle et le paralytique.” The analysis allows some conclusions, the aim of which is to contribute to the assessment of the effect of the application of the technological measures defined in the InfoSoc Directive, taking into account the nature and application of this protection, including on the digital databases rights in the current historical moment.

A Review of Online Content Regulation in Albania: Challenges and Recommendations

A Review of Online Content Regulation in Albania: Challenges and Recommendations
(A Review of Online Content Regulation in Albania: Challenges and Recommendations)

Author(s):Jorgo Cipa, Kozeta Sevrani
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:759-768
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Online Content; Regulation; Illegal Content; Harmful Content
Summary/Abstract:The introduction of the Digital Services Act marks a turning point in online content regulation, with many countries now adopting a more proactive approach to preventing illegal and harmful content on online platforms. Reports of illegal and harmful content increase each year. This highlights the insufficiency of online platforms’ efforts in addressing these issues and underscores the need to shift from a self-regulation model to stricter government intervention. Naturally, each country develops its own approach to regulating online content, focusing on and prioritizing specific types of harmful content. In Albania, despite the growing use of the internet, progress in online safety remains slow, and the regulation of online content is still in its early stages. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the current situation in Albania regarding online content regulation, highlighting key challenges and proposing recommendations to advance regulatory efforts.

Judicial Precedent: Case Study Republic of North Macedonia

Judicial Precedent: Case Study Republic of North Macedonia
(Judicial Precedent: Case Study Republic of North Macedonia)

Author(s):Elizabeta Spiroska, Natasha Najdenova Levikj
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:769-775
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Judicial precedent; Source of law; North Macedonia
Summary/Abstract:Judicial precedent refers to previously decided judgments of the courts, which judges are bound to follow. It is an important formal source of law of the common law countries. Previous court judgements are not legally binding on future judicial decisions under the civil law systems. Republic of North Macedonia is part of the civil law system. The primary formal sources of law in the Republic of North Macedonia are written statutes. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the importance of judicial precedent in the Macedonian legal system. This paper consists of an introduction, two parts and a conclusion. The introduction describes the basic issues related to judicial precedent as a formal source of law. The first part analyzes the theories of precedent. The second part analyzes the situation with the judicial precedent as a source of law in the Republic of North Macedonia. The conclusion summarizes the main findings, observes how they relate to the research question and gives recommendations.

The Place of Custom in French and Tunisian Law

The Place of Custom in French and Tunisian Law
(The Place of Custom in French and Tunisian Law)

Author(s):Madalina-Gabriela Guta
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:777-782
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Custom; French law; Muslim law; Laws
Summary/Abstract:At first solitary, Homo sapiens soon realized that to survive it had to work with others. This collaboration took the form of human communities based on common interests and values. However, for society to function and develop well, in addition to a system of shared values, there must be a set of rules to guide the behaviour of community members, especially as self-interest can sometimes take precedence over the general interest. The creation of customs- unwritten rules that arise from repeated and accepted practices within the community, has not only ensured that the members of the community live well together, but has also led to its evolution. Thus, by taking a brief trip down through history, custom shows us how legal rules emerged from existing beliefs and customs within the community. So the law of a state is alive, it emerges as a result of social interactions and is not just a set of rules laid down and imposed by a particular authority. Today, it is written law that dominates, but custom continues to play a fundamental role, especially in areas where the law is ambiguous.

ERAZ 2024 / 10 - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development – CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS ERAZ 2024 / 10 - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development – CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

The Green Political Thought and Sustainability from the Perspective of Postmodern Theories of the State

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Effects of Trade Openness on Economic Growth in the stern Balkans Countries in Time of Crises – Empirical EvidenceEffects of Trade Openness on Economic Growth in the stern Balkans Countries in Time of Crises – Empirical Evidence

Silver Economy as an Opportunity for SME Growth

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Measuring Total Factor Productivity Change in Medium-Sized Portuguese Wine Producing Farms

Measuring Total Factor Productivity Change in Medium-Sized Portuguese Wine Producing Farms (Measuring Total Factor Productivity Change in Medium-Sized Portuguese Wine Producing Farms)

The Chaotic Lithium Price Growth Model

The Chaotic Lithium Price Growth Model (The Chaotic Lithium Price Growth Model)

Local Government Debt and Fiscal Autonomy

Local Government Debt and Fiscal Autonomy (Local Government Debt and Fiscal Autonomy)

The Evolution of the Financial System in Albania

The Evolution of the Financial System in Albania (The Evolution of the Financial System in Albania)

The Structure of the Microfinance Market and Its Adoption to the EU Accession: A Comparative Empirical Study for Western Balkans

The Structure of the Microfinance Market and Its Adoption to the EU Accession: A Comparative Empirical Study for Western Balkans (The Structure of the Microfinance Market and Its Adoption to the EU Accession: A Comparative Empirical Study for Western Balkans)

Determinants of the Financial Stability of the Banking Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Determinants of the Financial Stability of the Banking Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Determinants of the Financial Stability of the Banking Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Enhancing Sustainable Development Through Green Finance Components

Enhancing Sustainable Development Through Green Finance Components (Enhancing Sustainable Development Through Green Finance Components)

Partnerships for Sustainable Finance as an Impetus for SDGs Acceleration – The Way Forward Based on Selected International Practices

Partnerships for Sustainable Finance as an Impetus for SDGs Acceleration – The Way Forward Based on Selected International Practices (Partnerships for Sustainable Finance as an Impetus for SDGs Acceleration – The Way Forward Based on Selected International Practices)

Crypto Assets as a Sustainable Investment and Its Future Potential for Fund Investing

Crypto Assets as a Sustainable Investment and Its Future Potential for Fund Investing (Crypto Assets as a Sustainable Investment and Its Future Potential for Fund Investing)

Transforming Finance- Exploring the Global Influence of Fintech and Its Role in the Western Balkans

Transforming Finance- Exploring the Global Influence of Fintech and Its Role in the Western Balkans (Transforming Finance- Exploring the Global Influence of Fintech and Its Role in the Western Balkans)

On the Synergy Between Renewable Energy and Npl Reduction in the Maritime Industry

On the Synergy Between Renewable Energy and Npl Reduction in the Maritime Industry (On the Synergy Between Renewable Energy and Npl Reduction in the Maritime Industry)

The Impact of Financial Risk Disclosures on Corporate Value: Evidence for Portugal

The Impact of Financial Risk Disclosures on Corporate Value: Evidence for Portugal (The Impact of Financial Risk Disclosures on Corporate Value: Evidence for Portugal)

An Insight Into Sustainability Reporting in Waste Management Industry

An Insight Into Sustainability Reporting in Waste Management Industry (An Insight Into Sustainability Reporting in Waste Management Industry)

Digital Transformation of the Internal Audit Function – Analysis of Technology Acceptance Factors and Perspectives of Future Development

Digital Transformation of the Internal Audit Function – Analysis of Technology Acceptance Factors and Perspectives of Future Development (Digital Transformation of the Internal Audit Function – Analysis of Technology Acceptance Factors and Perspectives of Future Development)

Option Pricing Models: The Evolution of the Black-Scholes-Merton Model

Option Pricing Models: The Evolution of the Black-Scholes-Merton Model (Option Pricing Models: The Evolution of the Black-Scholes-Merton Model)

Financial Management and Control in Public Administration as One of the Essential Factors of Good Governance

Financial Management and Control in Public Administration as One of the Essential Factors of Good Governance (Financial Management and Control in Public Administration as One of the Essential Factors of Good Governance)

Commensurability of Social Effects in Economic and Non-economic Activities

Commensurability of Social Effects in Economic and Non-economic Activities (Commensurability of Social Effects in Economic and Non-economic Activities)

The Economic Behavior of Municipalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Evidence from Slovakia)

The Economic Behavior of Municipalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Evidence from Slovakia) (The Economic Behavior of Municipalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Evidence from Slovakia))

Impact of Digitalization of Business Processes in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises

Impact of Digitalization of Business Processes in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (Impact of Digitalization of Business Processes in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises)

Artificial Intelligence in Pricing: A Game-Changer for Business Success

Artificial Intelligence in Pricing: A Game-Changer for Business Success (Artificial Intelligence in Pricing: A Game-Changer for Business Success)

Artificial Intelligence Applied to Whistleblowing Channels

Artificial Intelligence Applied to Whistleblowing Channels (Artificial Intelligence Applied to Whistleblowing Channels)

Smart City and the Quality of Public Administration Services in the Slovak Republic

Smart City and the Quality of Public Administration Services in the Slovak Republic (Smart City and the Quality of Public Administration Services in the Slovak Republic)

The Development of a New Model of Risk Management in Territorial Administrative Units

The Development of a New Model of Risk Management in Territorial Administrative Units (The Development of a New Model of Risk Management in Territorial Administrative Units)

Exploring Barriers to Technology Adoption in Livestock Farming: A Descriptive Comparative Analysis Between Finland, Germany, and Albania

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Food Safety Practices in Dairy Farms in Albania

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The Advantages of Energy Efficiency Projects and Their Impact on the Economy of Romania and the EU

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The Process of Decarbonization in the Croatian Energy System

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Stakeholder Engagement in Energy Efficiency: A Case Study of Greece’s Clean Energy Transition

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Organization and Functioning of Economic Diplomacy: Exploring the Impact of Economic Aid as a Tool of Economic Diplomacy

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Golden Age of Hungarian-Turkish Relations – A Question of Power-Political Fraternity?

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Enhancing Corporate Governance with AI: Smarter Decisions and Financial Performance Forecasting

Enhancing Corporate Governance with AI: Smarter Decisions and Financial Performance Forecasting (Enhancing Corporate Governance with AI: Smarter Decisions and Financial Performance Forecasting)

Evaluating Corporate Governance in Albania: A Comparative Study of Board of Directors, Mechanisms and Managerial Practices

Evaluating Corporate Governance in Albania: A Comparative Study of Board of Directors, Mechanisms and Managerial Practices (Evaluating Corporate Governance in Albania: A Comparative Study of Board of Directors, Mechanisms and Managerial Practices)

Analysis of the Human Resources and Personnel of Organisation

Analysis of the Human Resources and Personnel of Organisation (Analysis of the Human Resources and Personnel of Organisation)

Business Process Re-Design Based on Human Resources Cost Analysis

Business Process Re-Design Based on Human Resources Cost Analysis (Business Process Re-Design Based on Human Resources Cost Analysis)

Motivation and Managerial Role in the Hybrid Work Environment

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Servant Leadership Through the Eyes of Followers – the Case of Bulgaria

Servant Leadership Through the Eyes of Followers – the Case of Bulgaria (Servant Leadership Through the Eyes of Followers – the Case of Bulgaria)

Learning Challenges in the Increasingly Complex Working Environment of Store Retailing – Case Study: Implementation of an Electronic Performance Support System (EPSS)

Organizational Culture Study of the Elements Affecting Individual Effectiveness in the Social Sector

ERAZ 2024 / 10 - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development – CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
ERAZ 2024 / 10 - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development – CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

The Green Political Thought and Sustainability from the Perspective of Postmodern Theories of the State
(The Green Political Thought and Sustainability from the Perspective of Postmodern Theories of the State8)

Silver Economy as an Opportunity for SME Growth
(Silver Economy as an Opportunity for SME Growth)

Measuring Total Factor Productivity Change in Medium-Sized Portuguese Wine Producing Farms
(Measuring Total Factor Productivity Change in Medium-Sized Portuguese Wine Producing Farms)

The Chaotic Lithium Price Growth Model
(The Chaotic Lithium Price Growth Model)

Local Government Debt and Fiscal Autonomy
(Local Government Debt and Fiscal Autonomy)

The Evolution of the Financial System in Albania
(The Evolution of the Financial System in Albania)

The Structure of the Microfinance Market and Its Adoption to the EU Accession: A Comparative Empirical Study for Western Balkans
(The Structure of the Microfinance Market and Its Adoption to the EU Accession: A Comparative Empirical Study for Western Balkans)

Determinants of the Financial Stability of the Banking Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Determinants of the Financial Stability of the Banking Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Enhancing Sustainable Development Through Green Finance Components
(Enhancing Sustainable Development Through Green Finance Components)

Partnerships for Sustainable Finance as an Impetus for SDGs Acceleration – The Way Forward Based on Selected International Practices
(Partnerships for Sustainable Finance as an Impetus for SDGs Acceleration – The Way Forward Based on Selected International Practices)

Crypto Assets as a Sustainable Investment and Its Future Potential for Fund Investing
(Crypto Assets as a Sustainable Investment and Its Future Potential for Fund Investing)

Transforming Finance- Exploring the Global Influence of Fintech and Its Role in the Western Balkans
(Transforming Finance- Exploring the Global Influence of Fintech and Its Role in the Western Balkans)

On the Synergy Between Renewable Energy and Npl Reduction in the Maritime Industry
(On the Synergy Between Renewable Energy and Npl Reduction in the Maritime Industry)

The Impact of Financial Risk Disclosures on Corporate Value: Evidence for Portugal
(The Impact of Financial Risk Disclosures on Corporate Value: Evidence for Portugal)

An Insight Into Sustainability Reporting in Waste Management Industry
(An Insight Into Sustainability Reporting in Waste Management Industry)

Digital Transformation of the Internal Audit Function – Analysis of Technology Acceptance Factors and Perspectives of Future Development
(Digital Transformation of the Internal Audit Function – Analysis of Technology Acceptance Factors and Perspectives of Future Development)

Option Pricing Models: The Evolution of the Black-Scholes-Merton Model
(Option Pricing Models: The Evolution of the Black-Scholes-Merton Model)

Financial Management and Control in Public Administration as One of the Essential Factors of Good Governance
(Financial Management and Control in Public Administration as One of the Essential Factors of Good Governance)

Commensurability of Social Effects in Economic and Non-economic Activities
(Commensurability of Social Effects in Economic and Non-economic Activities)

The Economic Behavior of Municipalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Evidence from Slovakia)
(The Economic Behavior of Municipalities During the COVID-19 Pandemic (Evidence from Slovakia))

Impact of Digitalization of Business Processes in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
(Impact of Digitalization of Business Processes in Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises)

Artificial Intelligence in Pricing: A Game-Changer for Business Success
(Artificial Intelligence in Pricing: A Game-Changer for Business Success)

Artificial Intelligence Applied to Whistleblowing Channels
(Artificial Intelligence Applied to Whistleblowing Channels)

Smart City and the Quality of Public Administration Services in the Slovak Republic
(Smart City and the Quality of Public Administration Services in the Slovak Republic)

The Development of a New Model of Risk Management in Territorial Administrative Units
(The Development of a New Model of Risk Management in Territorial Administrative Units)

Exploring Barriers to Technology Adoption in Livestock Farming: A Descriptive Comparative Analysis Between Finland, Germany, and Albania
(Exploring Barriers to Technology Adoption in Livestock Farming: A Descriptive Comparative Analysis Between Finland, Germany, and Albania)

Food Safety Practices in Dairy Farms in Albania
(Food Safety Practices in Dairy Farms in Albania)

The Advantages of Energy Efficiency Projects and Their Impact on the Economy of Romania and the EU
(The Advantages of Energy Efficiency Projects and Their Impact on the Economy of Romania and the EU)

The Process of Decarbonization in the Croatian Energy System
(The Process of Decarbonization in the Croatian Energy System)

Stakeholder Engagement in Energy Efficiency: A Case Study of Greece’s Clean Energy Transition
(Stakeholder Engagement in Energy Efficiency: A Case Study of Greece’s Clean Energy Transition)

Organization and Functioning of Economic Diplomacy: Exploring the Impact of Economic Aid as a Tool of Economic Diplomacy
(Organization and Functioning of Economic Diplomacy: Exploring the Impact of Economic Aid as a Tool of Economic Diplomacy)

Golden Age of Hungarian-Turkish Relations – A Question of Power-Political Fraternity?
(Golden Age of Hungarian-Turkish Relations – A Question of Power-Political Fraternity?)

Enhancing Corporate Governance with AI: Smarter Decisions and Financial Performance Forecasting
(Enhancing Corporate Governance with AI: Smarter Decisions and Financial Performance Forecasting)

Evaluating Corporate Governance in Albania: A Comparative Study of Board of Directors, Mechanisms and Managerial Practices
(Evaluating Corporate Governance in Albania: A Comparative Study of Board of Directors, Mechanisms and Managerial Practices)

Analysis of the Human Resources and Personnel of Organisation
(Analysis of the Human Resources and Personnel of Organisation)

Business Process Re-Design Based on Human Resources Cost Analysis
(Business Process Re-Design Based on Human Resources Cost Analysis)

Motivation and Managerial Role in the Hybrid Work Environment
(Motivation and Managerial Role in the Hybrid Work Environment)

Servant Leadership Through the Eyes of Followers – the Case of Bulgaria
(Servant Leadership Through the Eyes of Followers – the Case of Bulgaria)

Organizational Culture Study of the Elements Affecting Individual Effectiveness in the Social Sector
(Organizational Culture Study of the Elements Affecting Individual Effectiveness in the Social Sector)

Hospitality Managerial Attitudes in the Spotlight of Emotional Intelligence
(Hospitality Managerial Attitudes in the Spotlight of Emotional Intelligence)

Wellbeing Management: Designing and Explaining a Wellbeing Model in Organization
(Wellbeing Management: Designing and Explaining a Wellbeing Model in Organization)

The Glass Ceiling Phenomenon in Medicine Analysis of the State of Human Resources of the Medical Profession in the Republic of Croatia
(The Glass Ceiling Phenomenon in Medicine Analysis of the State of Human Resources of the Medical Profession in the Republic of Croatia)

Sustainable Development of Marketing in SMEs in Bulgaria and the EU
(Sustainable Development of Marketing in SMEs in Bulgaria and the EU)

From Stores to Screens: The Digital Transformation of Shopping in Albania During COVID-19: Impact of Social Media
(From Stores to Screens: The Digital Transformation of Shopping in Albania During COVID-19: Impact of Social Media)

Customer Perceptions of Awareness and Security of E-banking Usage
(Customer Perceptions of Awareness and Security of E-banking Usage)

Applying the TTM Model to Optimize the Marketing of Krishna Consciousness in Europe
(Applying the TTM Model to Optimize the Marketing of Krishna Consciousness in Europe)

From Theory to Practice: Applying Marketing Concepts Across Industries in MBA Programs
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Teachers’ Emotional Intelligence and Conflict Management Strategies Implementation Impacting Educational Institution Reputation
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Business Students’ Attitudes Towards Peer Assessment: Insights from a 360-Degree Feedback Study
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Assessing Students’ Knowledge Through E-learning Platforms
(Assessing Students’ Knowledge Through E-learning Platforms)

From Students‘ Personal Transformation to Sustainable Development in Higher Education
(From Students‘ Personal Transformation to Sustainable Development in Higher Education)

Management Model of the Virtual University – Quantitative Research on the Processes Dimension
(Management Model of the Virtual University – Quantitative Research on the Processes Dimension)

Education of School Pedagogues for Sustainable Development – A Case Study in the Republic of Serbia
(Education of School Pedagogues for Sustainable Development – A Case Study in the Republic of Serbia)

How to Apply AI in Sustainability Research Project
(How to Apply AI in Sustainability Research Project)

Transformative Translation: Empowering Environmental Discourse Through Linguistic Innovation and Sustainable Translations
(Transformative Translation: Empowering Environmental Discourse Through Linguistic Innovation and Sustainable Translations)

Application of the Convolution Neural Network in the Text Sentiment Analysis
(Application of the Convolution Neural Network in the Text Sentiment Analysis)

Tourism in the Function of Economic Growth and Development in the Modern World
(Tourism in the Function of Economic Growth and Development in the Modern World)

The Need for Sustainable Tourism
(The Need for Sustainable Tourism)

The Influence of Tourism Policy on the Management and Development of the Destination
(The Influence of Tourism Policy on the Management and Development of the Destination)

Innovation in the Marche Region’s Tourism Sector: The Case of Inside Marche Live
(Innovation in the Marche Region’s Tourism Sector: The Case of Inside Marche Live)

Rural Tourism Challenges of the Sarajevo Canton’s “Green Ring”
(Rural Tourism Challenges of the Sarajevo Canton’s “Green Ring”)

Perspectives of the Development of Sports Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Perspectives of the Development of Sports Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Conceptualization of Religious Tourism in the Republic of Croatia
(Conceptualization of Religious Tourism in the Republic of Croatia)

Tourism and Libraries: Multiple Case Studies
(Tourism and Libraries: Multiple Case Studies)

Innovation in Gastronomic Tourism: The Impact of Value Chain Stages on the Tourist Experience
(Innovation in Gastronomic Tourism: The Impact of Value Chain Stages on the Tourist Experience)

An Empirical Study of Virtual Tour Experience in Tourism Context
(An Empirical Study of Virtual Tour Experience in Tourism Context)

The Impact of COVID-19 on Destination’s Life Cycle (The Case of Samokov Municipality, Bulgaria)
(The Impact of COVID-19 on Destination’s Life Cycle (The Case of Samokov Municipality, Bulgaria))

Reproduction and Preservation of Albanian Handicraft Accessories Through Additive Manufacturing
(Reproduction and Preservation of Albanian Handicraft Accessories Through Additive Manufacturing)

Quantifying the Multiplier Effect of the Hospitality Sector
(Quantifying the Multiplier Effect of the Hospitality Sector)

Laboratory Testing for Evaluating Bio-Based Building Materials Behavior Subjected to near Pyrolysis Temperature
(Laboratory Testing for Evaluating Bio-Based Building Materials Behavior Subjected to near Pyrolysis Temperature)

Rule of Law, Corruption, and Tax Revenue Performance
(Rule of Law, Corruption, and Tax Revenue Performance)

Smart Legal Contracts and Their Implications in Digital Era
(Smart Legal Contracts and Their Implications in Digital Era)