The Trouble with Diversifying the Faculty

Author(s): Walter Benn Michaels / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2012

This article presents the problem of politics of di erence realized within the American educational system, with a special emphasis on higher education. This politics is according to the author based on putting in the center of all educational actions the idea of diversity, as well in creating academic institutions. This key idea becomes in the American context a special significance, regarding the fact that the American society is based on ideology that celebrates multiculturalism and diversity as such. This article presents also an important for the contemporary situation in the United States problem of combining cultural and ethnic diversity on the economical category of di erence between various classes. Furthermore, it seems to be more significant in the light of the economic crisis in recent years that affected also American education in the same extent.

"Agro-Industrie" in der Sowjetunion

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German / Issue: 08-OEA/1974

Im folgenden werden sechs Auszüge aus einigen sowjetischen Veröffentlichungen vorgelegt, die das Thema sowohl in einem allgemeineren theoretischen Rahmen als auch in seinen einzelnen Erscheinungsformen beleuchten. Vor allem lassen sie erkennen - und es wird teilweise auch explizite gesagt -, daß noch keine Einhelligkeit der Auffassung herrscht und die vertikale Integration der sowjetischen Landwirtschaft sich noch ganz in den Anfängen befindet.

"Droga ta była ciężka, lecz została stopniowo pokonana". Dzieje polityczne i społeczne Andrychowa w latach 1945-1950

Author(s): Krzysztof Matyjasik / Language(s): English,Polish / Issue: 20/2017

The topic of this article is Andrychów’s history after World War II. The time--frame includes the events from 1945 (the city’s liberation by the Red Army and thecreation of the communist system in Andrychów) to 1950 (the beginnings of theSix-Year Plan). The purpose of the article is to present the postwar history of Andrychów regarding the city’s political and social history over the examined period.The article was divided into two parts.In the first part – Political life – I presented the politcal situation in the city afterits liberation in January 1945. The Polish Worker’s Party (Polska Partia Robotnicza,PPR) was active in 1944 in Andrychów. Thanks to the fact that the German armywas driven out of Andrychów by the Red Army, the Polish Worker’s Party couldbegin its activity. The political situation had an influence over the politics of the Andrychów’s authorities. In 1946 was hold a referendum „Three Time Yes referendum”in Andrychów. At the beginning of the year 1948, the most important parties in thecity – the Polish Socialist Party (Polska Partia Socjalistyczna, PPS) and the PPR strived for unification. Andrychów’s authorities were fighting with the anti-communistresistance. The inhabitants, however, were also affected by the repressions.In the second part – Social life – I described the most important social problems of Andrychów’s inhabitants after the war. As the social life is concerned, thecommunist authorities were well-disposed towards certain pursuits of Andrychów’sinhabitants. In 1948, a radio network was installed in the city. In 1949, the authoritiestried to establish a seondary school.

"I'll Think about it Tomorrow": Price Drifts Following Large Pre-Holiday Stock Price Moves

Author(s): Andrey Kudryavtsev / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The study explores the holiday effect on large daily stock price changes and on subsequent stock returns. The motivation for the study is based on the Mood Maintenance Hypothesis and on the literature documenting lower stock trading activity before holidays. I hypothesize that if a company-specific shock takes place before a holiday, then investors striving to maintain their positive pre-holiday mood, may be less willing to make influential trading decisions, and therefore, may react relatively more weakly to the shock. This kind of behavior may create an underreaction to the shock and result in subsequent price drift. I analyze all major daily stock price moves, defined according to a number of alternative proxies, for all the constituents of S&P 500 Index over the period from 1993 to 2017. I document that both positive and negative stock price moves occurring immediately before public holidays are followed by significant price drifts on the next two (post-holiday) trading days and over five- and twenty-day intervals following the initial price move. The magnitude of these post-event drifts increases over longer time windows. On the other hand, I find that large stock price changes taking place on regular days are followed by either non-significant or marginally significant price reversals. The effect is more pronounced for small and more volatile stocks.

"Industrialisierung der Landwirtschaft" und "Agra-Industrie" in kommunistischem Verständnis

Author(s): Karl-Eugen Wädekin / Language(s): German / Issue: 08/1974

The "industrialization of agriculture" has been one of the tenets of Marxism ever since the Communist Manifesto. But in practice Communist agricultural policy was designed at the technical aspects of large-scale farming and mechanization only. In the meantime, the American "agribusiness" and the West European peasant cooperatives together with processing industries and trade have brought about, in economic and organizational terms, more vertical integration of agriculture than the big socialized farms and the centralized planning and administrative system. Recently, the Communist leaders have come to realize this defect in the application of their concept, and "agro-industrial complexes" have become the order of the day throughout Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. The article outlines the notion and implications of vertical integration of agriculture and the differences and similarities- of its application in the East as compared to Western industrialized countries. Special emphasis is placed on the change of mind of Communist economists and on the reasons why, in spite of seemingly superior preconditions, the Soviet-type planned economies were slow to take advantage not only of horizontal concentration already achieved (huge production units), but also of vertical integration (combination of agricultural and non-agricultural activities).

"Kopernikanische Wendung" zum Konsumenten

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German / Issue: 16/1965

originally published in: PLÁNOVANÉ HOSPODÁŘSTVÍ, Prag, Nr.5 1965 ("Zum neuen Leitungssystem") by Eugen Löbl

"Ob das Land dern Bauern braucht?"

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German / Issue: 04/1965

text 1: Комсомольская Правда, Moscow, Dec. 3,1964 (Braucht denn das Dorf einen Bauern?) text 2: Литературная Газета, Moscow, Jan 5, 1965 (Neujahrswünsche) text 3: Литературная Газета, Moscow, Feb. 4, 1965 (Seite eines ländlichen Tagebuchs)

"Widersprüche" kommen ans Licht

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German / Issue: 08/1953

source: THE ECONOMIST, London, Jan 17, 1953 - Confusion Behind the Iran Curtain

"Лошите кредити": институционални и финансови аспекти, 1994

Author(s): Christina Vutcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

Since the beginning of 1991 Bulgaria has been living through a period of transition from centralized totalitarian control to free market economy. Year 1990 can be said to mark the political liberation of the people with the adoption of the new Constitution. The economic liberalization, however, is a reality yet to be brought to life since private ownership is not prevalent in the economy. The prime aim of the transition is to substitute an absurd and inefficient economic system for a new one to rely on the free initiative, private ownership and competition.

1973 - Das entscheidende dritte Jahr. Eine Zwischenbilanz des 9. Fünfjahrplans

Author(s): Heinrich Vogel / Language(s): German / Issue: 08/1974

The .report of the Central Statistical Administration on planfulfilment in 1973 deserves special interest: this year has received the label "decisive year for the ninth five-year plan". At the same time both, planned and attained figures can be compared with the detailed five-year-plan from 1971. In spite of generally fulfilled or overfulfilled targets of the annual plan the cumulated growth rates for 1971-1973 show a lag of quite a few results behind the levels stipulated in the five-year plan. The present article tries to analyze these lags in more details especially for Soviet industry. Besides the repercussions of the extremely bad harvest of 1972 the main reasons lie in too long gestation periods and the very reluctant introduction of new technologies. The rise of living standards also is not in line with original plans, particularly the new priority of consumer-goods in industrial production seems out of reach. It is hardly conceivable how Soviet lags in the great economic race with industrialized western countries will diminish according to plans.

1997 Asya Krizinin Merkezindeki Üç Ülkede Çeyrekler Îtibarıyle Finansal Kabarcıklar ve Kabarcık Patlamaları: Güney Kore, Filipinler, Tayland (1990-2019)

Author(s): Cengiz Samur / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2022

The bubble of price, as theoretical, is “too big deviation of asset’s price from its fundamental (intrinsic) value”. In regard to the country, as empirical; (i) financial asset price bubble happens when “a change (increase) in the financial nominal price index (percent) exceeds the sum of inflation and economic growth rates, at least as 25 %”, on the other hand, (ii) the bubble burst happens when there is “a too sharp decline in the financial asset nominal price index”, and when there is a decrease in the index in related to the total of inflation and growth rates, at least as 20%. Since the 2008 Financial Crisis, the debate of “financial bubbles and correct monetary policy” has been blown: Is macroeconomic stability possible in the country without financial stability? Is it required and possible to prevent a bubble formation and its growth? What should the Central Bank do? How should the monetary policy respond to the bubbles? The study is important due to its contribution to this debate. In this study, the financial bubbles that occurred quarterly in the period of 1990-2019 and in the three countries (in South Korea, Philippines, and Thailand) , which were amongst the countries at the core of the 1997 Asian crisis, are handled. They are essentially focused on the bubble bursts. It is the purpose to determine there is a connection between bubble burst cases and cumulative real cost, decrease in growth rate, or economic contraction. If there is a strong relation, to maintain macroeconomic stability in the markets, the government has to fulfill proactive (macroprudential) policies and has to intervene not only on bubble bursts, but also on bubble’s formation. However, some relations with only weak or middle degrees were reached.

25 Jahre "Sozialistische ökonomische Integration" im RGW

Author(s): Werner Gumpel / Language(s): German / Issue: 01/1974

In the first 25 years of its existence, the Council for Mutual Economic Aid (CMEA) has exercised only moderate influence on the economic development of its member states. Any successes the CMEA-states have achieved in the economic field are the result primarily of national efforts. Integration in the sense of the European Economic Com¬munity has as yet not taken place. Only since about 1970 can attempts to this effect be noticed. Economic integration is hindered mainly by the different stages of develop¬ment of the various states, which results in many divergent interests. In future, however, it may be expected that efforts of integrating the member states will be considerably intensified.

50 Jahre sowjetische Wirtschaftspolitik: Apsekte ihrer künftigen Etnwicklung

Author(s): Hans Böhme / Language(s): German / Issue: 05+06/1968

A Conceptual Approach for Industrial Internet of Things Assessment

Author(s): Luben Boyanov / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is a new paradigm that fundamentally changes the current patterns and activities in industry. The new Digital revolution transforms all sectors of human activities and production. IIoT has numerous architectural, business, technological, social and consumer perspectives. This paper looks at some reference architectures, connectivity issues, business aspects and security topics of IIoT. Those domains are looked at with their most important subdomains into a framework that can allow an architect or end user to make a quantitative assessment of a IIoT. The proposed approach uses expert evaluation of the main domains and subdomains from a reference IIoT architecture, which are then used to obtain an overall IIoT assessment.

A DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW OF STRUCTURAL AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS IN GREEK INDUSTRY

Author(s): Konstantinos Goulas / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

According to the majority of the Greek economic researchers, the big recession in Greece as well as other Southern European countries came as a result of the former choice of policies. Following this opinion, governing strategies adopted within the last decades and the historical context led to the deindustrialization of the Greek economy. As a consequence, an unsustainable social development in the future was created. Moreover, factors such as the quantity and the size of businesses, the technology used, and investments are described in correlation to the country’s current inferior state. Furthermore, the basic argument that comes from the findings of this review is that new policies and institutional strategies need to be adopted in the Greek industrial sector. Undoubtedly, the demand for the change of these policies in accordance with new planning on productivity will enhance the developing role of the Greek industrial sector.

A look at the city of Fortaleza from the perspective of NBR ISO 37120:2017

Author(s): Francisco DE ASSIS SOUZA ALEXANDRE,Maria Elisa MARCIANO MARTINEZ,Marcello CARVALHO DOS REIS,Patrícia CARVALHO DOS REIS,Auzuir RIPARDO DE ALEXANDRIA / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2022

This article presents, for the city of Fortaleza, the result of the indicators of five of the seventeen sections of the standard NBR ISO 37120:2017 - “Sustainable Development of Communities - Indicators for urban services and quality of life" which establishes an international standard of key indicators and encourages communities to become more proactive, ensuring that stakeholders develop and implement a management system suited to the needs of each region. This standard, launched in 2014, defines the methodology for a set of 100 indicators, divided into 17 sections, which address social, environmental and economic aspects of cities. The five sections chosen for this work were: education, health, security, shelter and transport, since they are key areas for the development of any city. Fortaleza's results, in each of these sections, are discussed and compared with those of 58 other cities available through the World Council on City Data (WCCD) database. It is, therefore, an unprecedented study, since there is no related work in the literature for the chosen city. As a result, it can be seen that, of the 31 indicators evaluated in this work, Fortaleza was below the average of the cities certified by the WCCD in 19 indicators, above the average in 7 indicators and it was not possible to calculate another 5 indicators. It is also evident that in all the sections studied there are critical points that must be evaluated by the public power for the treatment and consequent improvement of urban services and quality of life of the population of Fortaleza.

A Metagraph Model of Cyber Protection of an Information System

Author(s): Emiliya Koleva,Evgeni Andreev,Mariya Nikolova / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

The aim of this article is to present a developed metagraph model which serves to verify the minimum requirements for cyber security in web-based student information management systems. The model presents the correlation between cyber attacks and cyber defense of the system. The protection is based on a created model for cybersecurity 3-12 and is divided into 3 categories – software, server and information system users. The most common 9 cyber attacks on automated information systems have been selected. Twelve countermeasures to these attacks have been selected. The application of the metagraph model is used to check whether the system meets the requirements of the model 3-12. The developed information system has been tested in foreign language training of students at Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy. The developed metagraph model can be applied to other information systems.

A review of traditional approaches of studying leadership styles

Author(s): Konstantinos Goulas / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2022

This article is going to present a review of the most influential and mainstream theories about leadership, which are of significant meaning for a successful manager. The author will focus on some leadership theories by giving a more detailed image of the characteristics and attributes that an effective manager should have. The principal message of this article is that it is important to reflect the type of leader that a manager wants to be so that he remains loyal to his principles. In conclusion, the author leads to the fact that the traditional theories of leadership have not provided a completely satisfactory framework for leadership effectiveness. The modern theory emphasizes the image of an effective manager as an organizational reality.

A SOCIO-TECHNICAL PERSPECTIVE ON THE FUTURE OF CITY INFORMATION MODELLING

Author(s): Augusto Pimentel PEREIRA,Mario PROCOPIUCK / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2022

The concept of city information modeling (CIM) has advanced for almost two decades with considerable conceptual, ontological, and instrumental advances in modeling. However, there are limitations to developing more realistic and complete models that are in line with the demands of urban management. This article aims to analyze from the socio-technical perspective of institutionalization real cases of cities that apply CIM models in their management and planning processes. Methodologically, it is a multiple case study based on bibliographic, documental, and gray literature analysis techniques on the implementation process of 21 CIM projects in different global contexts. The results show innovative analytical perspectives of CIM ecosystems based on the concepts of institutes and socio- technical systems of multiple orders; the potentialities of CIM applications are dependent on the rapid technological development and local training; and the limitations relate to the capacity of the public power to enable the application, incorporation, and implementation of practical solutions. The conclusion is that implementing 3D models of cities in urban management and planning can benefit local governments and serve as reinforcement in proportion as it overcomes preexisting practices that hinder innovation diffusion processes

A unified methodology in the application of the comparative approach

the necessity of buildings valuations in Albania

Author(s): Elfrida SHEHU / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2022

As real estate is one of the most valuable assets of any state and any individual, the valuation process takes on a special significance. Valuations are required of different interests in different types of property for different purposes. Among the methods used to determine the value of a property, the simplest and most direct method of valuation is direct comparison. The method is based on comparing the property to be valued with similar properties and the prices achieved for them, and allowing for differences between them to determine the market value. The art of the comparison method is the discovery of relevant data and the subsequent analysis. Comparison can be defined as ‘the act of comparing’ and to compare as “to examine in order to observe resemblances or differences”. As property is unique, no two are truly the same, the problem lies in the adjustment to be made to the comparable to fit the property being valued.Are known and accepted (within certain limits) the differences in the values reported by different appraisers for the same property and for the same purpose of valuation , but daily contacts with appraisers and appraisals prove that there are significant differences in the reported values. These changes are not simply the result of judgments of different appraisers, but mainly the result of changes in the methodologies used for evaluation.In this perspective the paper proposes the use of a unified methodology in the application of the direct comparison method in order to narrow such differences. The study includes residential and commercial buildings in the Tirana City.