The Trouble with Diversifying the Faculty

Author(s): Walter Benn Michaels / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2012

This article presents the problem of politics of di erence realized within the American educational system, with a special emphasis on higher education. This politics is according to the author based on putting in the center of all educational actions the idea of diversity, as well in creating academic institutions. This key idea becomes in the American context a special significance, regarding the fact that the American society is based on ideology that celebrates multiculturalism and diversity as such. This article presents also an important for the contemporary situation in the United States problem of combining cultural and ethnic diversity on the economical category of di erence between various classes. Furthermore, it seems to be more significant in the light of the economic crisis in recent years that affected also American education in the same extent.

"I'll Think about it Tomorrow": Price Drifts Following Large Pre-Holiday Stock Price Moves

Author(s): Andrey KUDRYAVTSEV / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The study explores the holiday effect on large daily stock price changes and on subsequent stock returns. The motivation for the study is based on the Mood Maintenance Hypothesis and on the literature documenting lower stock trading activity before holidays. I hypothesize that if a company-specific shock takes place before a holiday, then investors striving to maintain their positive pre-holiday mood, may be less willing to make influential trading decisions, and therefore, may react relatively more weakly to the shock. This kind of behavior may create an underreaction to the shock and result in subsequent price drift. I analyze all major daily stock price moves, defined according to a number of alternative proxies, for all the constituents of S&P 500 Index over the period from 1993 to 2017. I document that both positive and negative stock price moves occurring immediately before public holidays are followed by significant price drifts on the next two (post-holiday) trading days and over five- and twenty-day intervals following the initial price move. The magnitude of these post-event drifts increases over longer time windows. On the other hand, I find that large stock price changes taking place on regular days are followed by either non-significant or marginally significant price reversals. The effect is more pronounced for small and more volatile stocks.

100 Years of the Polish Statistical Association

Author(s): Czesław Domański / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2012

20 Years of European Monetary Policy. From Doctrinarism to Realpolitik 1

Author(s): Luis Ángel Hierro,Antonio José Garzón,Helena Domínguez-Torres / Language(s): English / Issue: Special-2/2019

This paper describes the monetary policy of the European Central Bank since the birth of the Euro. The different economic situations and the monetary policies implemented during the mandate of each one of the three ECB presidents are analysed as a process of evolution. We study the situations of cyclical asynchrony together with the response given to it by the European monetary authority. We also assess the change experienced by the main economic indicators of the twelve founding countries during the 20 years of the single currency. The main conclusion obtained is that monetary policy has evolved from the strict approach defined in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union to an approach closer to that of the rest of central banks, which we have called “monetary realpolitik”.

21ST CENTURY VALUE – BASED EDUCATION’S IMPERATIVES WITHIN ROBOTIC TECHNOLOGIES

Author(s): Silviu Mihai Petrișor,Ramona Petrișor,Ghiţă Bârsan / Language(s): English / Issue: 6/2011

The present paper highlights some of the desiderata expressed at an international level, namely the scientific and technological potential’s developing, perceiving the technological innovation, not only by means of the economic benefit, but also in terms of the implementing context, the existing reports between the technological advance and the power geography perspective, correcting, by means of an educational process, the vicious behavior, which tends to change the technological achievements into abuse instruments, meant to force the weak ones to obey the powerful force.

7th Conference Survey Sampling in Economic and Social Research in 60th anniversary of foundation of the Department of Statistics at the University of Economics in Katowice

Author(s): Tomasz Żądło / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2011

A BAYESIAN INFERENCE OF MULTIPLE STRUCTURAL BREAKS IN MEAN AND ERROR VARIANCE IN PANEL AR (1) MODEL

Author(s): Varun Agiwal,Kumar Jitendra,D. K. Shangodoyin / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

This paper explores the effect of multiple structural breaks to estimate the parameters and test the unit root hypothesis in panel data time series model under Bayesian perspective. These breaks are present in both mean and error variance at the same time point. We obtain Bayes estimates for different loss function using conditional posterior distribution, which is not coming in a closed form, and this is approximately explained by Gibbs sampling. For hypothesis testing, posterior odds ratio is calculated and solved via Monte Carlo Integration. The proposed methodology is illustrated with numerical examples.

A Better Estimator of Population Mean with Power Transformation Based on Ranked Set Sampling

Author(s): Nitu Mehta,V. L. Mandowara / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2012

Ranked set sampling (RSS) was first suggested by McIntyre (1952) to increase the efficiency of estimate of the population mean. It has been shown that this method is highly beneficial to the estimation based on simple random sampling (SRS). There has been considerable development and many modifications were done on this method. This paper presents a modified ratio estimator using prior value of coefficient of kurtosis of an auxiliary variable x, with the intention to improve the efficiency of ratio estimator in ranked set sampling. The first order approximation to the bias and mean square error (MSE) of the proposed estimator are obtained. A generalized version of the suggested estimator by applying the Power transformation is also presented.

A Bounds Testing Analysis of Migrants Remittances and Financial Development in Selected Sub-Sahara African Countries

Author(s): Taiwo Ajilorea,Sylvanus Ikhider / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2012

The study investigated the short and long run impact of remittances on financial development, using country-level data on five selected sub-Saharan African countries, which are Cape-Verde, Lesotho, Nigeria, Senegal and Togo. The study utilized the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing approach for testing the existence of co-integration relationships. The study documented the existence of long-run level relationships between remittances and financial development, and documented evidences which show that remittances promote financial development in Cape Verde, Lesotho, Senegal and Togo, but not in Nigeria. The study advocated policies that encourage and facilitate the uninterrupted flow of remittances transfers, adequate institutions, regulatory strengthening and sound macroeconomic policies in the selected countries.

A Class of Chain Ratio-Cum-Dual to Ratio Type Estimator with Two Auxiliary Characters under Double Sampling in Sample Surveys

Author(s): S. Choudhury,B. K. Singh / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2012

This paper considers a chain ratio-cum-dual to ratio type estimator for estimating population mean of the study variate using two auxiliary variates under double (two-phase) sampling procedure, when the information on another additional auxiliary variate is available along with the main auxiliary variate. The asymptotically optimum estimators (AOEs) in the class are identified in two different cases with their bias and variances. The optimum values of the first phase and second phase sample sizes have been obtained for the fixed cost of survey. Theoretical and empirical studies have also been done to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed estimator with respect to strategies which utilized the information on two auxiliary variates.

A Class of Product-Type Exponential Estimators of the Population Mean in Simple Random Sampling Scheme

Author(s): A. C. Onyeka / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2013

The present study proposes a class of product-type exponential estimators for estimating the population mean of the study variable, using known values of some population parameters of an auxiliary character, under the simple random sampling without replacement (SRSWOR) scheme. Furthermore, the study also proposes a modified exponential estimator based on both the ratio-type and the product-type exponential estimators. Properties of the proposed estimators, under the SRSWOR scheme, are obtained up to first order approximation. The modified exponential estimator under optimum conditions is shown to be more efficient than the simple sample mean and the ratio-type and product-type exponential estimators. The theoretical results are supported by an empirical illustration.

A Class of Regression Type Estimators in Survey Sampling

Author(s): Govind Ch. Misra,Subhash K. Yadav,Alok K. Shukla / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2011

A class of linear regression models has been proposed for the estimation of population mean and total when information regarding auxiliary variate is available in survey sampling using regression method of estimation by introducing a new auxiliary variable z, which may also be a function of the auxiliary variable x. The proposed model leads to reduction in mean squared error as compared to ordinary regression method of estimation. The improvement has been demonstrated over ordinary regression estimator and also on ratio estimator with the help of an empirical example.

A Class of Two Phase Sampling Estimators for Ratio of Two Population Means Using Multi-Auxiliary Characters in the Presence of Non-Response

Author(s): B. B. Khare,R. R. Sinha / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2014

In this paper, a class of two phase sampling estimators for estimating the ratio of two population means using multi-auxiliary characters with unknown population means has been proposed in presence of non-response. The asymptotic bias, mean square error and minimum mean square error of the proposed class of estimators have been obtained. The optimum values of the sample at the first and the second phases along with the sub-sampling fraction of the non-responding group have been determined for the fixed cost and for the specified precision. The efficiency of the proposed class of estimators has also been shown through the theoretical and empirical studies.

A Comparison of Small Area and Calibration Estimators via Simulation

Author(s): Michael A. Hidiroglou,Victor M. Estevao / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Domain estimates are typically obtained using calibration estimators that are direct or modified direct. They are direct if they strictly use data within the domain of interest. They are modified direct if they use both data within and outside the domain of interest. An alternative way of producing these estimates is through small area procedures. In this article, we compare the performance of these two approaches via a simulation. The population is generated using a hierarchical model that includes both area effects and unit level random errors. The population is made up of mutually exclusive domains of different sizes, ranging from a small number of units to a large number of units. We select many independent simple random samples of fixed size from the population and compute various estimates for each sample using the available auxiliary information. The estimates computed for the simulation included the Horvitz-Thompson estimator, the synthetic estimator (indirect estimate), calibration estimators, and unit level based estimators (small area estimate). The performance of these estimators is summarized based on their design- based properties.

A Comparison of Small Area Estimation Methods for Poverty Mapping

Author(s): María Guadarrama,Isabel Molina,J. N. K. Rao / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

We review main small area estimation methods for the estimation of general nonlinear parameters focusing on FGT family of poverty indicators introduced by Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (1984). In particular, we consider direct estimation, the Fay-Herriot area level model (Fay and Herriot, 1979), the method of Elbers, Lanjouw and Lanjouw (2003) used by the World Bank, the empirical Best/Bayes (EB) method of Molina and Rao (2010) and its extension, the Census EB, and finally the hierarchical Bayes proposal of Molina, Nandram and Rao (2014). We put ourselves in the point of view of a practitioner and discuss, as objectively as possible, the benefits and drawbacks of each method, illustrating some of them through simulation studies

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF WORLD WIDE WEB RESOURCES

Author(s): Cristina Georgiana Vârjoghe / Language(s): English / Issue: 9/2014

World Wide Web is a massive library of libraries included in a massive network of networks that is the Internet, for which we need an efficient system or instrument for knowledge of knowledge and some evaluation criteria of what offer this cybermamouth of data. Most times there is not enough common sense, requiring well-defined criteria and tools to assess the relevance, credibility and utility of information resources found on the Internet.This paper tries just a little to make us think about it.

A Critical Study of Usefulness of Selected Functional Classifiers in Economics

Author(s): Daniel Kosiorowski,Dominik Mielczarek,Jerzy Rydlewski / Language(s): English / Issue: 346/2020

In this paper we conduct a critical analysis of the most popular functional classifiers. Moreover, we propose a new classifier for functional data. Some robustness properties of the functional classifiers are discussed as well. We can use an approach worked out in this paper to predict the expected state of the economy from aggregated Consumer Confidence Index (CCI, measuring consumers optimism) and Industrial Price Index (IPI, reflecting a degree of optimism in industry sector) exploiting not only scalar values of the indices but also the trajectories/shapes of functions describing the indices. Thus our considerations may be helpful in constructing a better economic barometer. As far as we know, this is the first comparison of functional classifiers with respect to a criterion of their usefulness in economic applications. The main result of the paper is a presentation of how a small fraction of outliers in a training sample, which are linearly independent from the training sample, consisting of almost linearly dependent functions, corrupt all analysed classifiers.

A Cultural Dimension of Tourist Products: a Polish-Japanese Case Study

Author(s): Anna Lubecka / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2011

Contrary to its logics, a global tourist market demands a continual modifications and segmentation of tourist products which, although addressed to a mass tourist, should be tailored to his/her individual and mother/target culture-specific needs and expectations. Consequently, culture plays an important role in the process and it should be approached from two different but complementary perspectives. First of all, the mother culture of the potential customer as well as the target culture of the receiving country should be considered. The first one accounts for the decisions which products to buy and the second one, which determines the way the hospitality business operates in terms of services and tour content, is responsible for the customer’s satisfaction from the tourist product s/he has acquired. When the respective cultures of the hospitality business people and of the tourists are similar, their influence on a market success of a tourist product is small but when they are very different, e.g. Asians vs. European cultures, they can create serious problems for both parties. A growing importance of Asian tourists, Japanese, Chinese and Korean, on the European tourist market constitutes a challenge for hospitality business, especially in former communist countries which contrary to Western European countries not only have to establish themselves as new tourist destinations and compete with the renown ones but also to adjust their offer to the tastes of their Asian customers. The Polish Chamber of Tourism has been involved in a campaign to market Poland for the Japanese tourists and to make it one of their favourite holiday destinations. However its efforts must be paralleled with an attempt to create a proper tourist product which will appeal to the Japanese as far as its cultural content and service culture are concerned. The present article discusses the double occurrence of culture in the Polish tourist product for the Japanese market.

A Debate on the Product Lifecycle Implications and Product Market Behavior

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Author(s): Larisa Ivascu,Anca Draghici,Jorg Niemann / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

The product life-cycle marketing approach is a concept that describes the sales and profit margin of a given product category over a prolonged period - from lust to dust. The concept holds that a product's sales and profits change over time in a predictable manner-at least in the four distinct major stages of introduction, growth, maturity, and decline. It is important to understand product life-cycles curves to make the best use of engineering resources. The paper presents figures that characterize various industry products and their life-cycle curves. The amount of development money invested in a product intended for rapid market penetration, for example, is considerably less than for a one destined to a long-term stable, mature market. In this context we illustrate the types of feedback used by engineering during the various stages of product life-cycle. Finally, we consider that engineers responsible for product or process improvement must recognize what phase of the product life-cycle is in to practice the most effective research.

A digitalis térbeli kiigazítás

Author(s): Daniel Greene,Daniel Joseph / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 23/2018

This article brings distinct strands of the political economy of communication and economic geography together in order to theorise the role digital technologies play in Marxian crisis theory. Capitalist advances into digital spaces do not make the law of value obsolete, but these spaces do offer new methods for displacing overaccumulated capital, increasing consumption, or accumulating new, cheaper labour. We build on David Harvey’s theory of the spatial fix to describe three digital spatial fixes, fixed capital projects that use the specific properties of digital spaces to increase the rate of prof- it, before themselves becoming obstacles to the addictive cycle of accumulation: the primitive accumulation of time in the social Web, the annihilation of time by space in highfrequency trading, and affect rent in virtual worlds. We conclude by reflecting on how these digital spatial fixes also fix the tempo of accumulation and adjust the time-scale of Marxian crisis theory.