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Ethnology and anthropology: status and perspectives Cover Image

Етнологија и антропологија : стање и перспективе
Ethnology and anthropology: status and perspectives

Author(s): Ljiljana Gavrilović, Dragana Radojičić
Subject(s): Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
Published by: Етнографски институт САНУ
Keywords: ethnology; Serbian ethnology; anthropology; cultural heritage; everyday culture; ethnographic methodology; post-socialist transformation

  • Print-ISBN-13: 86-7587-032-9
  • Page Count: 287
  • Publication Year: 2005
  • Language: Serbian
ИЗ ЕТНОЛОГИЈЕ У AНТРОПОЛОГИЈУ

ИЗ ЕТНОЛОГИЈЕ У AНТРОПОЛОГИЈУ
(Ethnology en Route for Anthropology)

  • Author(s):Ivan Kovačević
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
  • Page Range:11-19
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:еthnology; anthropology’s impact; end of 20th century; science; scientific subject.
  • Summary/Abstract:The past three decades (1975-2005) have witnessed a total change in the content, perspectives and methodology in Serbian ethnological science. The traditional ethnology, founded under the influence of the 19th century Romanticism, persisted during the first three quarters of the 20th century; gradually, it ceased to exist, only to be found today among the amateurish and semi-amateurish scope of tradition – and antique fans and some senior museologists. The main stream of the Serbian ethnology, established at universities and scientific institutions, focuses on modern society and its segments such as: ideology and politics, economy, urban life, globalization etc. These topics were not directly dealt with in the 19th century ethnology. If, however, the main stream focuses on traditional models as well, they are handled in ways and manners that are already elaborated and inspected in world science in the 20th century.
Бугарска етнологија – стање и перспективе

Бугарска етнологија – стање и перспективе
(Bulgarian Ethnology – Conditions and Perspectives)

  • Author(s):Radost Ivanova
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
  • Page Range:21-27
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:Bulgarian ethnology; conditions; perspectives; tradition; current; everyday culture
  • Summary/Abstract:The political and social changes that affected Bulgaria during the 1990’s greatly influenced everyday Bulgarian culture and the science of ethnology. Bulgarian ethnology mostly dealt with the past, but now the time has come to take steps toward the future, and change the scientific/practical and theoretical orientation of the discipline. Studying tradition remains one of the basic and important aims in every research, but tradition here is to be understood not as a ”living antiquity“ or passive cultural heritage but as a part of a contemporary culture. In this period, a special accent was put on current affairs, changes and everyday events. Likewise, it soon became possible to overcome the lack of studies about national and other minority groups. Initial steps have been made to study Bulgarian culture in foreign countries. All these important changes in the discipline established new methods in ethnology.
Autori, zastupnici, presuditelji Hrvatska etnologija u paralelizmima postsocijalističkog konteksta

Autori, zastupnici, presuditelji Hrvatska etnologija u paralelizmima postsocijalističkog konteksta
(Authors, Representatives, Adjudicators: Croatian Ethnology in Post-Socialist Context)

  • Author(s):Ines Prica
  • Language:Croatian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Customs / Folklore, Special Historiographies:, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure , Post-Communist Transformation
  • Page Range:29-44
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Croatian war ethnography; female authorship; postsocialism
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of this report is to appraise the last fifteen years of Croatian ethnology, with a special emphasis on scientific works that were created in response to ”history production“ connected with the breakdown of Yugoslavia. A special accent is put on individual (especially female) authorship that represents one of the main features of recent Croatian ethnology. This genre is specific in many ways: the way of writing, thematic and methodological choices and authorization of ethnographic reality are just a few of its salient characteristics. The question of authorship, in the light of who can represent whom problem, is being discussed through controversial dialog and one possible reading of these manuscripts.
ЕТНОЛОГИЈА И АНТРОПОЛОГИЈА У ЦРНОЈ ГОРИ институционални и професионални оквири

ЕТНОЛОГИЈА И АНТРОПОЛОГИЈА У ЦРНОЈ ГОРИ институционални и професионални оквири
(Ethnology and Anthropology in Montenegro – Institutional and Professional Framework)

  • Author(s):Lidija Vujačić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
  • Page Range:45-53
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:institutional position; curriculum; current projects; perspective
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper attempts to present the status and social position of anthriopology/ethnology in Montenegro. Setting ethnology and anthropology in the institutional framework of Montenegro is a newly prompted process, even though preceded by several decades old assorted data collecting attempts and research work. Up until today, no monographs on the subject exist, nor there were any attempts to explain the relevance of anthropology/ethnology as a science. Therefore, this paper will present all available data on current projects and research, institutions, offices and memberships concerning this issue. Initially, the paper discusses current curriculum of the subject Ethnology at the Department of Sociology, Montenegrin University of Philosophy, activities and research of the Board of Ethnology, Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts, status and proceedings of the Association of Ethnologists of Montenegro, Ethnographic Museum of Montenegro and several other museums at the local level. The main objective of this paper is to present the collected data to fellow anthropologists/ ethnologists in order to appraise the status of ethnology and anthropology as sciences in Montenegro; a discussion with fellow anthropolo-gists/ethnologists would also help to improve the position of ethnologists and anthropologists in Montenegro by supporting an individual and team work, peer control of standards and generally, a development of awareness about how important these sciences are.
О ЛАОГРАФИЈИ И АНТРОПОЛОГИЈИ У ГРЧКОЈ

О ЛАОГРАФИЈИ И АНТРОПОЛОГИЈИ У ГРЧКОЈ
(Laography and Anthropology in Greece)

  • Author(s):Gordana Blagojević
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
  • Page Range:45-53
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:laography; etymography; ethnography; anthropology; endo-anthropology; social laography; anthropological laography
  • Summary/Abstract:Greek laography was founded at the end of the 19th century. Certain historical circumstances created a need to support a theory on ancient continuity of Greeks, which would show that various recent customs have their origin in the Antique times. In the first fifty years (1890-1940), Greek laography had a philological character. Since the foundation of laography, a clear disharmony between theory and practice is present. While theoretical foundations are being developed and elaborated, their application is left in its initial phase. Until the end of the 1990’s, many contemporary Greek anthropologists have finished undergraduate or graduate studies abroad. However, they did their fieldwork in Greece. It is in this sense that Greek anthropology remains retrograde. Endo-anthropology is being born, a phenomenon known as Anthropology at home.
Интердисциплинарни приступ и однос антропологије и етнологије

Интердисциплинарни приступ и однос антропологије и етнологије
(Interdisciplinary Аproach: the Relationship Between Anthropology and Ethnology)

  • Author(s):Zagorka Golubović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
  • Page Range:67-75
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:anthropology; ethnology; ethno-anthropology; interdisciplinary approach
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper explores relationship between anthropology and ethnology and poses several questions: are anthropology and ethnology two separate disciplines, or are they in fact one science with two names, or are they fusing into ”ethno anthropology“? The main thesis of the paper is that anthropology and ethnology are two related but separate disciplines, anthropology being more general and philosophical in its nature (a science of man and his distinctive product – culture, which is common to all peoples) whereas ethnology is more of a science that deals with different national cultures (describing and thus establishing particulars and commonalities among cultures). Lately, a drift in modern ethnology extended its scope of research from national and traditional cultures to modern, urban societies; this shift, however, does not represent a sign of a possible assimilation of the two disciplines (ethnoanthropology), but points out to a greater need of association between the two. Furthermore, the author argues that an interdisciplinary approach represents a requirement within method and theory of anthropology, given that the discipline’s main task is to study all dimensions of human existence. Finally, the paper demonstrates how the approach could be applied in theory, course studies and anthropological research at Belgrade University.
Антропологија и сродне науке — методологије и перспективе

Антропологија и сродне науке — методологије и перспективе
(Anthropology and Related Sciences – Methodologies and Perspectives)

  • Author(s):Aleksandar Bošković
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
  • Page Range:77-85
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:anthropological theory; ethnology — history and methodology; multidisciplinarity
  • Summary/Abstract:The article presents several recent examples of interaction between anthropology, ethnology, history, philosophy, sociology, and cultural studies. The author starts from the premise that anthropology and ethnology are clearly distinctive (although similar) scientific disciplines, and then points to their hybridization through aforementioned sciences and fields of study. Their interdependency means that one has to understand multidisciplinarity as the necessary prerequisite for understanding the world we live in. On the other hand, the article also mentions revitalization and reinterpretation of some key anthropological concepts (such as fieldwork, location, or culture), as well as the importance of the flexible use of methodology. A particular emphasis is put on the fieldwork as the fundamental prerequisite of any anthropological or ethnological research. It is also pointed out that methodology adjusted to a specific research problem is much more important for the successful scholarly inquiry than any ”principles“ or ”theoretical schools“– hence, the author stresses the importance of communication between anthropologists and ethnologists from different countries and research traditions, both within the Balkans, and beyond it.
Добросуседско немешање - Српска археологија и етнологија

Добросуседско немешање - Српска археологија и етнологија
(Good-Neighbourly Uninvolvement - Serbian Archaeology and Ethnology)

  • Author(s):Aleksandar Palavestra
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Archaeology
  • Page Range:87-96
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Serbian archaeology; Serbian ethnology; anthropology; cultural history; cultural evolution
  • Summary/Abstract:The relationship between Serbian archaeology and ethnology, ever since the 19th century, have been demarcated by the respective theoretical frameworks of the disciplines. However, due to the specific developments in the country, the sweeps of the pendulum that have, in the European anthropology and archaeology, oscilated between cultural evolutionism and cultural particularism, have remained almost invisible in Serbia. From the very initial works of the pioneers of the Serbian archaeology and ethnology, the principle of good neighbourly non-interference was practiced. Consequently, only if there was a burning need, archaeologists reached out freely for ethnographic analogies, without much concern for theoretical foundations, contemporaneous trends or paradigm changes in anthropology. In the Serbian archaeology of the first half of the 20th century, the relationship with ethnology was almost non-existent. More precisely, this relationship was even less present than in the framework of the traditional European culture-historical approach, where sometimes evolutionary and functionalist influences may be recognized. The Serbian archaeology was dominated for half a century by the sovereign personality of Miloje Vasić, who did not accept the culture-historical method, and had some specific ideas about ethnology. His approach to the issue was selective, and he was even overtly dismissive of the Serbian ethnology. The next generation of archaeologists grew out of the approach of Vasić, but along with culture-historical archaeology, they accepted a latent dislike towards anthropology, and the principle of non-interference of two disparate disciplines – archaeology and ethnology. Archaeologists, admitedly rarely, have borrowed formal analogies from ethnology, and even the notorious »stages of development«, but as ready-made, finite concepts from another discipline, therefore unquestionable nor obliging. Great theoretical debates and the foundation of processual arcaheology during 1960s, have been decisively based upon neo-evolutionism, cultural ecology, and functionalistic systems theory. Dragoslav Srejović understood very well that the essence of new archaeology is in the rapprochment of archaeology and anthropology. However, he did not see anything rewarding in this process, but considered this tendency as jeopardizing for both archaeology and ethnology as independent disciplines, threatening to deconstruct and decompose them. The attitude of Srejović was not only the resistance of culture-historical towards processual archaeology, as in the case of moderate caution of Milutin Garašanin towards new archaeology. Srejović was especially critical towards the postivistic base of new archaeology, which endangered his personal theoretical credo of ”intuitive or metaphysical approach to understanding mankind“. It is interesting to note that Srejović was equally critical towards postmodern tendencies in archaeology and anthropology, in spite of the fact that they – in their critique of positivism and harnessing of hermeneutic approach – could have offered a wider framework to his personal understanding of archaeology. Serbian arcaheology has not accepted the processual paradigm shift, nor the post-processual critique of new archaeology during the 1980s. Under these conditions, the mild relationship between archaeology and anthropology in Serbia have remained virtually unchanged for more than a century. The sporadic theoretical ventures towards multidisciplinary Balkanology and long-term history have mainly remained on the declarative programatic level. The oportunity for redefining of the relationship between the Serbian archaeology and anthropology lies in the internal reconsideration of the disciplines themselves, and in the joint post-modern themes (material culture studies, gender studies, critical theory, neo-Marxist and post-structuralist approaches). On the other hand, the chance for the renewed synthesis of archaeology, ethnology and anthropology is also offered by the new evolutionary paradigm, based upon evolutionary psychology, new social biology and evolutionary anthropology and archaeology.
Примена еволуционе теорије у антропологији

Примена еволуционе теорије у антропологији
(Evolutionary Theory in Anthropology)

  • Author(s):Jelena Čvorović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences
  • Page Range:97-108
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Darwin; evolution; selection; anthropology
  • Summary/Abstract:The new and emerging field of evolutionary psychology/anthropology, building on work from Charles Darwin's Descent of Man and The Expression of Emotion in Man and Animals, tells us that the answers to the age-old questions such as: are men and /or women really built for monogamy, what circumstances can make them more so or less so, what is the evolutionary logic behind office politics-or politics on general, or selfishness and selfsacrifice, guilt, or social status and social climbing-is hierarchy inherent in human society, etc., are in our evolutionary history and our genes. The fundamental theorem upon which evolutionary psychology is based is that behavior (just like anatomy and physiology) is in large part inherited and that every organism acts (consciously or not) to enhance its inclusive fitness – to increase the frequency and distribution of its selfish genes in future generations. And those genes exist not only in the individual but in his or her identical twin (100%), siblings (on average, 50%), cousins (on average, 25%) and so on down the kinship line. Thus, aid to and feelings for relatives makes evolutionary sense. The revision and extension of Darwinian evolution, from ”survival of the fittest“ to inclusive fitness, was worked out primarily by George Williams (in the US) and by William Hamilton and John Maynard Smith (in the UK) in the 1960s, with some clever twists added by Robert Trivers (in the US) in the 1970s. Darwinian selection operates most effectively if the units on which it is working: 1. are more, rather than less, variable; 2. have shorter, rather than longer, lifetimes; 3. are more heritable, rather than environmental. Richard Alexander (1979) has argued convincingly that ”genes are the most persistent of all living units, hence on all counts the most likely units of selection. One may say that genes evolved to survive by reproducing, and they have evolved to reproduce by creating and guiding the conduct and fate of all the units above them“. What does evolutionary theory predict you should expect from your mates? The answer is even more disconcerting. A corollary to the fundamental theorem is that the differences between males and females in humans, just as in most mammalian species, are readily explainable in terms of differential parental investment. That is, the male contributions to the reproductive process – lots of sperm and a few minutes of light work – are plentiful and cheap, short and pleasurable; while the female contributions – eggs and months of pregnancy – are rare and expensive, long, dangerous, and often painful. Given that, the best way for a male to maximize his inclusive fitness is to diversify his genetic portfolio; while the best way for a female to insure the survival of the baby she has invested so much time and effort in is to try and get that guy to meet his monthly payments. In The Evolution of Human Sexuality (1979), anthropologist Donald Symons provides evolutionary psychology's point-bypoint counter to the differences between men and women: 1. Intrasexual competition generally is much more intense among males than among females, and in preliterate societies competition over women probably is the single most important cause of violence. 2. Men incline to polygyny, whereas women are more malleable in this respect and, depending on the circumstances, may be equally satisfied in polygynous [one male – multiple females], monogamous, or polyandrous [one female – multiple males] marriages. 3. Almost universally, men experience sexual jealousy of their mates. Women are more malleable in this respect, but in certain circumstances, women's experience of sexual jealousy may be characteristically as intense as men's. 4. Men are much more likely to be sexually aroused by the sight of women and the female genitals than women are by the sight of men and the male genitals. Such arousal must be distinguished from arousal produced by the sight of, or the description of, an actual sexual encounter, since male-female differences in the latter may be minimal. 5. Physical characteristics, especially those that correlate with youth, are by far the most important determinants of women's sexual attractiveness. Physical characteristics are somewhat less important determinants of men's sexual attractiveness; political and economic prowess are more important; and youth is relatively unimportant. 6. Much more than women, men are predisposed to desire a variety of sex partners for the sake of variety. 7. Among all peoples, copulation is considered to be essentially a service or favor that women render to men, and not vice versa, regardless of which sex derives or is thought to derive greater pleasure from sexual intercourse. ”The new synthesis“ is carried in into the social sciences with the aim of overhauling them. Darwinian scholars have applied the new, improved Darwinian theory to the human species and then tested their applications with freshly gathered data. And along with their inevitable failures, they have had great success. In the words of Nobel Prize Winner and co-discoverer of DNA James Watson, ”Charles Darwin will eventually be seen as a far more influential figure in the history of human thought than either Jesus Christ or Mohammed.“
АНТРОПОЛОГИЈА РЕЛИГИЈЕ И СОЦИОЛОГИЈА РЕЛИГИЈЕ

АНТРОПОЛОГИЈА РЕЛИГИЈЕ И СОЦИОЛОГИЈА РЕЛИГИЈЕ
(Anthropology of Religion and Sociology of Religion)

  • Author(s):Đuro Šušnjić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Sociology of Religion
  • Page Range:109-114
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:science; culture; religion; anthropology of religion; sociology of religion
  • Summary/Abstract:In this paper, the key question is: is anthropology a science? The answer is: at least one common feature, or similarity, among numerous and different individuals, societies and cultures is sufficient to make comparisons, that is, generalizations. If this similarity (or commonality) between peoples, societies and cultures would not exist, the essence also would not exist. If this is so, the senses would not recognize variety and differences, and all the science would cease to exist. ”All science would be needless if an appearance (of a thing) and its essence are the same“, argued Marx. Einstein confirmed: ”If the world would be really what it appears to be, we would not need science.“ Noticing (of a phenomenon) requires an attitude, understanding of its essence requires another: differences are noticeable, while similarities are thinkable.
АРХИВСКИ ИЗВОРИ У РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЈИ ЖИВОТА

АРХИВСКИ ИЗВОРИ У РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЈИ ЖИВОТА
(Archives Sources: a Tool Meant for Time Reconstruction)

  • Author(s):Dragana Radojičić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Archiving
  • Page Range:115-121
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:sources; archive; records; cultural continuity; significance of archivalia
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper argues that archives and archives files should play a significant role in anthropological/ethnological studies. Anthropology/ethnology, as a science, should insist on scrutinized and continuous methods of transcribing cultural phenomena filed in archive news and documents, in order to enlarge our understanding about humans. A variety of ethnological subjects, ranging from ethno-genesis to mental and character features, are kept in so-called littoral archives. A collection and research of archives files is not an attractive job: this kind of work has to be systematic while quantity and continuity are expected. In order to get results, a team of trained professionals is required that will posses not only knowledge but also patience, to process all the information. The analysis of a specific cultural phenomenon from our past could provide us with valuable data, and also influence us to re-define certain created attitudes in anthropology/ ethnology – therefore, it is impossible to pass over archives records. Hence, in spite of the popular usage of media products and Internet in studies and research, an archivalia has a special and important position in anthropology/ethnology.
Терен антропологије и теренско истраживање пре и после критике репрезентације

Терен антропологије и теренско истраживање пре и после критике репрезентације
(The Field of Anthropology and Fieldwork Before and After the Critiques of Representation)

  • Author(s):Zorica Ivanović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences
  • Page Range:123-141
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:epistemology; fieldwork; methodology; critique; representation; location
  • Summary/Abstract:Ethnographic fieldwork, a research practice based on direct and long-term social contact between a researcher and researched (participant observation), resulting in a written ethnography, came to be traditionally regarded not only as having the most significant methodological value but also as one of the distinctive features of anthropology as a social-science discipline. The development of the poststructuralist and postmodern critique within the discipline, which gave rise to the criticism of ethnographic representation, has challenged a number of epistemological assumptions of field research and hence opened up a space for further critical examination of various aspects of the ethnographic method. This article provides an insight into genealogy and critical history of the ethnographic method in modern anthropology. At the same time, it critically examines the postmodern textual paradigm that underpins the critique of ethnographic representation. The criticism is leveled against the way in which this paradigm, just like other approaches that emphasize the model of language, tends to ignore historical contexts and subjects as well as some of the fundamental elements of the socio-cultural understanding that is achieved through (personal) experience and a direct encounter with the researched. Framed in these terms, the article does not seek to offer an exhaustive historic periodization of field research, which is, of course, characterized by a much more complex and contradictory development. Rather, it aims to draw attention to the way in which a redefined conceptualization of fieldwork can still play a significant role in modern anthropology without reducing the discipline's identity to ethnography.
Прелудијум за антропологију медија

Прелудијум за антропологију медија
(Prelude for Anthropology of Media)

  • Author(s):Ljiljana Gavrilović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Media studies
  • Page Range:143-150
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:media; message; audience; text; context; hypertext
  • Summary/Abstract:The subject of this paper is the question of anthropological research of media in contemporary Serbian culture. This includes issues like production of media contents, their political and cultural determination, mutual relationship and follow-up of media messages reception within real and existing, but different cultural models. This includes monitoring of media influences, their content-level, context and hypertext influences on patterns of everyday behavior, viewpoint, esthetics, gender relations, that is, all culturally determined viewpoints. A special problem presents an examination of relationship between media and other segments of a popular culture, needed for understanding of the contemporary societies. It is crucial to research media and its possible influences on the contemporary society and also to re-asses its meanings in the last 60 years of Serbian history.
Приоритети савремене етнолошко-антрополошке науке у Србији

Приоритети савремене етнолошко-антрополошке науке у Србији
(Priorities of Contemporary Ethnology/Anthropology in Serbia)

  • Author(s):Ivica R. Todorović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences
  • Page Range:151-162
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:basic tasks and priorities; new directions and approach; taboo-subjects; ethnology/anthropology in Serbia; materialization
  • Summary/Abstract:Today, for ethnology/anthropology in Serbia, of special importance are: to intensify ethnographic research of traditional culture, to initialize projects in applied ethnology (revival of villages, preservance, renew and promotion of traditional culture and balance of population density in Serbia), to focus on Serbian ethnicity (understudied in previous projects), to appraise theological context and aspect of reality, to intensify ethno-genesis-like and paleo-ethnological projects, to re-develop organization and coordination within existing ethno-anthropological institutions, to face ideological obstacles and limitations, to overcome provincial syndrome, to pay more attention to harsh and bitter position of Serbs, their language and culture, to internally research ethnological institutions and scientific public opinion. We have to discuss all of the above issues, in order to assess traditional and contemporary cultural reality in Serbia, which should be the main task of ethnology/anthropology in the region.
ИДЕНТИТЕТ ЕТНОЛОГИЈЕ И (НЕ)ОСТВАРЕНОСТ АНТРОПОЛОГИЈЕ

ИДЕНТИТЕТ ЕТНОЛОГИЈЕ И (НЕ)ОСТВАРЕНОСТ АНТРОПОЛОГИЈЕ
(Identity of Ethnology and Unfeasibility of Anthropology)

  • Author(s):Aleksandra Pavićević
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
  • Page Range:163-172
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:ethnology; anthropology; subject; method; identity
  • Summary/Abstract:The main argument of this paper is that there is an identity crisis in all Liberal Arts and Sciences: unification of cultural values and fading of locally specific features contribute to the general retreat in front of the more popular “anthropology”. The crisis is evident in subject-and methodological disorientation of certain disciplines that are valued less; these disciplines usually lack generality, universality and applied perspectives. Within ethnology, this leads to disregard of fieldwork in general (especially of rural areas), overlook of description, historical and various local social contexts. This particular condition is a reflection of globalization and the scientific movement that gives advantage to general instead of particular and individual – which is in opposition with the basic postulates of anthropology. This problem becomes especially difficult since the scientific community has no agreement on anthropology’s designation and relations to other sciences. A total approach should be, according to some definitions, diferentia specifica of anthropology, and this makes a solid basis for identity of every independent scientific discipline, including anthropology. However, the fulfillment of the total anthropological approach depends on the aim and concept of the particular researcher, and his ability to grasp the entire observed phenomenon. Unfortunately, this kind of anthropology was not materialized: it was reduced to multidisciplinary approach that gave some results, but which has stayed within one-dimensional interpretation.
„ОЧИ ЗЕЛЕНЕ КАО ДОЛАРИ“ – AНТРОПОЛОГИЈА ПОТРОШЊЕ У СРБИЈИ У ТРАНЗИЦИЈИ

„ОЧИ ЗЕЛЕНЕ КАО ДОЛАРИ“ – AНТРОПОЛОГИЈА ПОТРОШЊЕ У СРБИЈИ У ТРАНЗИЦИЈИ
(„Eyes Green Like Dollars“ – Anthropology of Consumption in Serbia During the Transition Period)

  • Author(s):Ildiko Erdei
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences
  • Page Range:173-186
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:аnthropology; consumption; postsocialist transformation; modernity; ethnography
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the anthropology of consumption in Serbia. It has three parts. In the first one, we present a brief review of the major assumptions underlying the anthropology of consumption. We find that there is a need for a reassessment and revision of the key issues of the discipline – for instance, the concept of culture, in order to correlate consumption with cognitive network of anthropology/ethnology. The second part of the paper describes possible research and subject interests of the anthropology of consumption in Serbia during the post-socialist transition period. The last part of the paper states concluding remarks, and points out to the research interests and project plan of the author.
ЧИТАЊЕ ПОПУЛАРНЕ КУЛТУРЕ: музичке сцене у идеолошком промету

ЧИТАЊЕ ПОПУЛАРНЕ КУЛТУРЕ: музичке сцене у идеолошком промету
(Readings in Popular Culture: Musical Scenes in Ideological Turnover)

  • Author(s):Miroslava Lukić Krstanović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Music
  • Page Range:187-197
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:popular culture; theory; ethnology; public word; ideology
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper analyzes popular culture within scientific and public discourses. The scientific question of a popular culture is important, because this is the phenomenon that plays an important role in social practice, determining life-style and power relations; also, it serves as a medium in ideological turnovers and could be a narrative market in esthetic and ethnic appraisal. An interpretation of popular culture is a subject of considerable theoretical debate (Edgar Morin, Michel Maffesoli, Dick Hebdige, Rolan Bart, Ines Prica, Ivan Kovačević, Ivan Čolović, etc). The second part of the paper deals with popular music within public discourse, and reads it as a social text. Various statements, attitudes, debates and critiques of musical scenes present a social text through which we can asses molding of cultural patterns. Based on the analysis of media contents in 2000-2005, it is possible to establish paradigmatic series in decoding the messages: popular, distinctive, distance; popular, populist, national; popular, traditional, commercial; popular, bureaucratic, market. In the public sphere, popular music is a subject of contradiction. In the past decade, Serbian musical scene was more of an ideological than a cultural phenomenon. Within the interest fields of privileged and subordinated social and political formations, in between idealization and indoctrination, the creation of popular music suffered from ideology.
Неки проблеми проучавања етницитета / етничког идентитета у културној антропологији

Неки проблеми проучавања етницитета / етничког идентитета у културној антропологији
(A Few Problems Concerning Studies on Ethnicity/Ethnic Identity in Cultural Anthropology)

  • Author(s):Mladena Prelić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
  • Page Range:199-207
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:identity; ethnicity/ethnic identity; ethnic group; theories on ethnicity
  • Summary/Abstract:A brief review of recent studies on ethnicity/ethnic identity in cultural anthropology, based on Barth’s model, is given. Furthermore, a few problems concerning the application of the model, such as: the realization of an ethnic group and ethnic identity, the problem of definition related to inner-contradictions and ambiguousness of the notions of ethnicity and identity, and the problem of suitability using the terms ethnicity and identity in analysis, are being discussed.
Глобализација и регионални културни идентитет

Глобализација и регионални културни идентитет
(Globalization and Regional Cultural Identity)

  • Author(s):Mirjana Pavlović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Globalization, Identity of Collectives
  • Page Range:209-217
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:globalization; transition; ethnic/national and regional identity
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper discusses the issue of ethnic/regional identity among Serbian national minority living in Timisoara, Romania. We examine how the Serbs perceive the relationship between globalization, which acts as a system of complex, diverse and sometimes contradictory political and cultural processes, and the course of reaffirmation of their regional identity (the Banat district). The analysis shows that the Serbs have not developed a formed perception of the Banat regional identity; however, they do acknowledge the Banat region and Timisoara as places with extraordinary cultural values that represent symbols of European multicultural situation and tolerance. Such an opinion could facilitate the desirable processes of European integration, but at the same time, could intensify the gap within the Serbian community. This gap appears as a difference in cultural and character features, but in fact, it represents a struggle for higher social positions within the Serbian community.
Традиција у транзицији: У потрази за „још старијим и лепшим“ идентитетом

Традиција у транзицији: У потрази за „још старијим и лепшим“ идентитетом
(Tradition in Transition: In a Search for New, ”More Ancient and More Beautiful“ Identity)

  • Author(s):Miroslava Malešević
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Sociology, Politics and Identity, Identity of Collectives
  • Page Range:219-234
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:national identity; construction; ”tradition“ revival; native; ”authentic“ culture
  • Summary/Abstract:The entire transition period in Serbia is marked by the ideology of traditional nationalism. In concordant with the dominant ideology, the general public is still today engaged in so-called ”tradition revival“ maintenance of religion, language, ”true“ Serbian customs and ”authentic“ culture, which are all said to be the foundation of a national identity. Out of which positions and according to whose needs is a collective identity defined, based on these premises? What is the ”true“ Serbian tradition, or what makes a national culture ”authentic“? We argue that every collective identity is a construction, and based on this argument, we will review all the ways that the notion of ”national identity“ (connected inseparable with ”tradition“) has changed during the past few decades and has adopted different meanings depending on the current political climate. More precisely, we discuss this construction that came to be imposed (and excepted), as the authentic Serbian national identity.
Изазов теренског рада – етнолингвистика или антрополошка лингвистика?

Изазов теренског рада – етнолингвистика или антрополошка лингвистика?
(Fieldwork Challenges – Ethno-Linguistics or Linguistic Anthropology?)

  • Author(s):Biljana Sikimić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences
  • Page Range:235-244
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:ethnolinguistics; linguistic anthropology; interdisciplinary aproach; context; dialogue; secondary analisis
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the relationship between linguistics and anthropology/ethnology/ ethnography.Which issues/data from anthropology/ethnology are taken over and used by linguistics, in which forms, and how these can be relevant to other humanistic disciplines, scientific communities or an individual? The paper tries to answer these questions, discussing further the possibility of secondary usage of ethnographic/ anthropological records that have been analyzed by linguistics. A discussion of ethnological utilization of linguistics is omitted in this paper (most of the time, it was a misuse of some etymological or obsolete solutions); instead we present the current fieldwork possibilities.
Антропологија фолклора – перспективе истраживања

Антропологија фолклора – перспективе истраживања
(Anthropology of Folklore – Perspectives)

  • Author(s):Dragana Antonijević
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore
  • Page Range:245-251
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:folklore; anthropology; expressive part of culture; active tradition
  • Summary/Abstract:Supremacy of a literary approach in folklore studies has its historical roots in the works of Vuk Karadžić and the Romanticism, with the special emphasis on linguistics and folk narratives. Some ethnologists, who also have tried to include ethnographic material in folklore research, carried on the tradition of literary-historical and comparative- philological studies of folklore. This kind of approach has several limitations, related to the possible aims, needs and analytical possibilities of anthropology as a science. In this sense, the differences in folklore studies between anthropological and literary approach should be pointed out. Therefore, re-naming the existing course Folklore to Anthropology of Folklore (department of Ethnology and Anthropology, Belgrade University of Philosophy) is aimed at emphasizing these differences. The accent is put on various prose-genres, ”little“ genres found in ”folklore speech“ and ”ethnography of oral communications“. On the other hand, the highlights in analytical methodological sense, are in functional, contextual, communicational, structural semantic and psychological approaches of folklore genres and folklore groups.
Основе наставе из предмета Примењена етнологија: перспективе развоја

Основе наставе из предмета Примењена етнологија: перспективе развоја
(Development Perspectives of Applied Ethnology: the Course Basics)

  • Author(s):Vladimir Ribić
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
  • Page Range:253-261
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:applied ethnology (anthropology); reflexive anthropology; professionalism
  • Summary/Abstract:A course of Applied Ethnology is intended as an introduction and a survey of the use of ethnology outside its pure academic context. Course participants will gain an understanding of how applied ethnology is done in a variety of social and cultural settings, how it benefits society, and how it advances our theoretical knowledge of culture and human behavior. It is necessary that the course also assess the so-called “classical” period of applied anthropology (anthropology in the service of colonial and government administration, reflexive anthropology), since this was the time when most theoretical and methodological issues were laid out. Anthropological/ethnological body of knowledge could be used in politics, economy, and adaptation to environment, medicine and education. In Serbia and Montenegro, tourism provides the most solid basis for the utilization of such knowledge.
Улога етнографских музеја и збирки у XXI веку

Улога етнографских музеја и збирки у XXI веку
(Role of Ethnographic Museums and Collections in the 21st Century)

  • Author(s):Vesna Marjanović
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Museology & Heritage Studies
  • Page Range:263-272
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:time; museum of ethnography; tradition; memory; contemporary; subject; exposition; national identity
  • Summary/Abstract:Founded at the time of the Romanticism during the 19th century, ethnographic museums and collections are entering the 21st century as specific spaces where cognitive processes on several levels proceed. In the beginning, ethnographic museums and collections served to present or collect folk art. At that time, a number of collections of material culture were formed. In time, the content of applied ethnology established itself as a science through museums that served to rescue fading traditional culture and systematic collections whose structure reflected a symbolic expression of a general culture.
ОД ЕТНОГРАФСКОГ КА АНТРОПОЛОШКОМ ПРИСТУПУ ПРОУЧАВАЊУ ДЕЧЈИХ ИГАРА У СРБИЈИ

ОД ЕТНОГРАФСКОГ КА АНТРОПОЛОШКОМ ПРИСТУПУ ПРОУЧАВАЊУ ДЕЧЈИХ ИГАРА У СРБИЈИ
(From Ethnographic to Anthropological Research of Children’s Games in Serbia)

  • Author(s):Aleksandar Krel
  • Language:Serbian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
  • Page Range:273-279
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:ethnography; ethnology; anthropology; traditional children’s games; contemporary games
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper explains transformation of the various approaches to studying children’s games in Serbia. The transformation itself was determined by the development of theoretical and methodological perspectives in ethnology/anthropology. The first research on children’s games in Serbia was carried out in the second half of the 19th century; the research was ethnographic, that is, only the data were collected but without deeper analysis or explanation. Tihomir Djordjević was the first one to study the games in a real ethnological sense, explaining the games with similar cultural phenomena. Up until 1980’s the games were not studied in details by ethnologists. However, new research has brought new dimensions – analytical and interpretative – into play, where the games are seen as a product of one specific culture in a specific moment in time. This kind of approach holds that the games have a universal character in all societies, and this is what results in anthropological perspective of these games.
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