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Series:SOC - Gender

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Feminist readings of social phenomena. Works of participants of the Feminist School Žarana Papić, second complemented edition
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Feminist readings of social phenomena. Works of participants of the Feminist School Žarana Papić, second complemented edition

Feministička čitanja društvenih fenomena. Radovi polaznica/ka Feminističke škole Žarana Papić, drugo dopunjeno izdanje

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: feminism; feminist reading; Žarana Papić; abortion; mariage; film; homosexuality; internet; language; literature; culture; human rights; matriarchy; patriarchy; medicine; media; violence; politics; pornography; precariat;

Pred vama je drugo, dopunjeno izdanje zbornika Feministička čitanja društvenih fenomena. Radovi polaznica/ka Feminističke škole Žarana Papić. I ove, 2016. godine, Feministička škola Žarana Papić ponudila je obrazovni program, čiji je cilj bio da kroz četiri teorijsko-praktična modula pruži feminističko obrazovanje o praksama, teorijama i konceptima potrebnim za javno djelovanje u domaćim, međunarodnim vladinim i nevladinim organizacijama. Ovogodišnja Škola se sastojala od dva obavezna teorijsko-praktična modula i dva izborna modula, koje su polaznice/i slušali od početka aprila do kraja juna. Predavačko osoblje činili su profesori/ce različitih naučnih oblasti, aktivisti/kinje, te predstavnici/e institucija. Obavezni modul su bili – Uvod u feminizme: historija, pojmovi, teorija, i Država, zakon i ravnopravnost. Uz ova dva obavezna modula, polaznice/i su imali priliku da izaberu još jedan modul. Izborni moduli su bili - Ravnopravnost spolova i javne politike (koji je bio usmjeren na praktični rad) i Kultura, ideologija, etika (koji je bio usmjeren na teorijska znanja). Kako Škola ima i svoj aktivistički dio, za decembar 2016. planirana je feministička intervenciju u javnom prostoru.

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1995-2015: Women and political life in post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina
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1995-2015: Women and political life in post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina

1995-2015: Žene i politički život u postdejtonskoj Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: women; political life; BiH; dayton accords; war; politics; activism; Bejing conference; post-war; elections; gender policy; law; gender equality; parliament; FBiH;

Gradeći i razvijajući program i organizacijski portfelj za ženska ljudska prava, brzo smo uvidjeli_e nedostatak intenzivnijeg i vidljivog tematizovanja ”ženske” istorije u Bosni i Hercegovini. Iako postoji veliki broj publikacija i nekoliko aktivističkih inicijativa koje obrađuju određene fragmente, pojave, periode ili regije, ne postoji institucionalizirano pamćenje niti se ono podstiče. Akademska zajednica je, nažalost, zakazala kada govorimo o ovoj temi. Istorija žena i njihov doprinos i dalje ostaju na marginama akademskog života.

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The feminist reading of social phenomena
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The feminist reading of social phenomena

Feministička čitanja društvenih fenomena

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: feminist reading; social phenomenon; Žarana Papić; abortion; mariage; feminism; film; homosexuality; internet; language; literature; culture; human rights; matriarchy; medicine; media;

Ova knjiga je rezultat zajedničkog rada polaznica i polaznika Feminističke škole Žarana Papić i nastala je kao plod dvosemestralnog obrazovanja o aktualnim društvenim pitanjima iz perspektive feminističke teorije i prakse. Budući da autorice i autor dolaze iz različitih profesionalnih sfera i različitih polja interesovanja, utoliko je i ova knjiga protkana interdisciplinarnim pristupom različitim društvenim fenomenima, što ovu knjigu čini dodatno zanimljivom koliko i edukativnom. Iako je feminizam, kao marginalizirani društveni pokret u 21. stoljeću kojeg se često degradira i promovira u trivijalnu doktrinu, uglavnom izopćen iz bosanskohercegovačkih akademskih kurikuluma, ova knjiga je pokušaj da se feminizmu u javnom diskursu da prostora kao kredibilnoj kritičkoj teoriji aktualnih društvenih procesa. Budući da živimo u društvu ispresjecanom patrijarhalnom političkom kulturom, feministička teorija čini se obećavajućom za buđenje aktivizma i rađanje konstruktivne kritike društva. Otuda, cilj ovog pojmovnika i jeste provociranje čitatelja/ke na razmišljanje o pojavama koje nas okružuju, a o kojima se u javnom i akademskom diskursu uglavnom ne govori. Sveopća indoktrinacija javnog mnijenja kroz ponavljanje ustaljenih društvenih normi, koje nameću i teme o kojima se smije odnosno ne smije razgovarati, dovela je do pasivizacije društva i nedostatka građanskog obrazovanja o pojedinim, u ovoj knjizi zastupljenim, temama.

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Recorded - Women and public life of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th century. Second, updated and revised edition
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Recorded - Women and public life of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th century. Second, updated and revised edition

Zabilježene – Žene i javni život Bosne i Hercegovine u 20. vijeku. Drugo, dopunjeno i izmijenjeno izdanje

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: women; public life; BiH; Austria-Hungary; WWII; socialism; patriarchy; war;

Prošlo je više od godinu dana kako knjiga Zabilježene. Žene i javni život Bosne i Hercegovine u 20. vijeku živi i kako se glas o njoj pronosi. Brojne osobe, koje su direktno ili indirektno povezane sa knjigom su nam se javljale – hvaleći naš rad, šireći glas o njemu, dobronamjerno ga kritikujući, ukazujući na neke činjenične greške ili sugerišući argumentovano neke izmjene. U međuvremenu smo i same dolazile do novih podataka i dopisivale ih u knjigu. Pred vama je, dakle, dopunjeno izdanje u kojem su ispravljene greške na koje nam je bila skrenuta pažnja i koje je dopunjeno ponegdje novim saznanjima. U ovom procesu posebno spominjanje zaslužuju i autorice pojedinih poglavlja, kao i Jadranka Miličević. Živeći svoj život, knjiga ostvaruje svoje ciljeve - aktivističkoakademski problematizira prenošenje znanja i afirmaciju ženskog rada i postojanja, nastavlja da doprinosi bogaćenju baze koja će sakupljati na jednom mjestu, nova, već postojeća i objedinjena znanja, te povezuje i gradi mrežu osoba koje imaju interesa da se bave ovim temama. Na kraju, zahvaljujemo se partnerskim organizacijama Fondaciji Heinrich Böll u Bosni i Hercegovini i Ambasadi Švicarske u BiH koje su podržale objavljivanje prvog izdanja Zabilježenih. Objavljivanje drugog izdanja ove knjige podržala je Švedska vlada putem Švedske agencije za međunarodni razvoj i saradnju (Sida), pomažući tako da se glas o sjajnim ženama Bosne i Hercegovine nastavi širiti.

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The feasibility study for the establishment of women's fund in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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The feasibility study for the establishment of women's fund in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Studija izvodljivosti za osnivanje ženskog fonda u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Natalija Bratuljević,Katarina Živanović / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: feasibility study; womens fund; BiH; context; needs analysis; possibilities; civil society; gender equality;

Ovaj izvještaj predstavlja rezultat studije izvodljivosti (u daljnjem tekstu - istraživanje) koju su inicirali Sarajevski otvoreni centar (SOC) i Fondacija CURE uz finansijsku podršku Fondacije Mama Cash. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati potrebe i mogućnosti osnivanja Ženskog fonda u Bosni i Hercegovini. Uobičajeno je da se međunarodni Ženski fondovi osnivaju na široko feminističkoj bazi u okviru univerzalnosti ljudskih prava s ciljem da podrže formalne i neformalne skupine žena koje su aktivno uključene u svoje zajednice. Takvi Fondovi osnažuju žene i djevojčice da budu “agentice promjene”, kako u svojim društvima, tako i na globalnom nivou. Izvorna ideja istraživanja bila je ispitati mogućnosti za osnivanje lokalnog fonda koji bi podržao razvoj organizacija koje se bave ženskim pravima, uz jednako važan cilj osiguravanja podrške nekim od najobespravljenijih skupina žena u Bosni i Hercegovini u koje spadaju Romkinje, žene s invaliditetom, LBT žene i druge. Kako bismo bolje razumjeli glavne faktore koji sprječavaju žene u Bosni i Hercegovini da ostvare svoja prava i ravnopravno učestvuju u svim sferama javnog i privatnog života, detaljno smo analizirali sve aspekte kompleksne političke strukture, pravne, administrativne, socijalne i ekonomske barijere, te smo nastojali napraviti preciznu procjenu rada vladinog i nevladinog sektora u sferi rodne ravnopravnosti. U poređenju s brojnim zemljama u regionu, Bosna i Hercegovina bila je prva u usvajanju Zakona o rodnoj ravnopravnosti, te uspostavljanju institucionalnih mehanizama za gender mainstreaming (u daljnjem tekstu - rodno osviještena politika) na svim nivoima izvršne vlasti. Međutim, poboljšanja u svakodnevnom životu žena još uvijek su minorna. Žene u Bosni i Hercegovini žrtve su višestrukih kršenja njihovih prava i suočavaju se s nevjerovatnim izazovima u ostvarivanju prava i pristupu pravdi. To se posebno odnosi na: nasilje nad ženama i djevojčicama (47% žena u Bosni i Hercegovni, starijih od 15 godina iskusile su, barem jednom u životu, najmanje jedan oblik nasilja), seksualnu i radnu eksploataciju, višestruku diskriminaciju, isključenje iz procesa odlučivanja, odsustvo glasa i zastupljenosti u političkom životu. Činjenicu da žene u Bosni i Hercegovinu nadmašuju muškarce u oblasti visokog obrazovanja zasjenjuje podatak da BiH još uvijek ima najniži nivo učešća žena u radnoj snazi Jugoistočne Evrope, od samo 37.3%1. Žene koje pripadaju marginalizovanim i ugroženim skupinama su još izloženije povredama prava, te manje informisane o postojećim sudskim i vansudskim mehanizmima za ostvarivanje prava. Prisutan je veliki strah od sekundarne viktimizacije i generalno nepovjerenje u pravni sistem. Dvadeset godina nakon rata, pravni okvir za rodnu ravnopravnost u BiH uglavnom je usaglašen s međunarodnim standardima, ali implementacija je još uvijek nedostatna, dok se i državne i nezavisne institucije suočavaju s političkim poteškoćama, nedostatkom sredstava, a nerijetko i kapaciteta. Civilno društvo još uvijek igra važnu ulogu, ali dijalog između države i organizacija civilnog društva, nažalost, nikad nije formaliziran. Ženske nevladine organizacije kao manji, ali vibrantan, dio civilnog društva, odigrale su važnu ulogu za vrijeme i nakon rata, od distribucije humanitarne pomoći preko aktivnog učestvovanja u procesu izgradnje mira i pomirenja, do pružanja pravne i psiho-socijalne pomoći, otvaranja javnog dijaloga i mobiliziranja podrške za pravne i institucionalne promjene. Danas postoji veliki broj zagovarateljica ženskih prava, posvećenih i stručnih pojedinki i organizacija, koje se bore za ravnopravnost i osnaženje žena. Naš temeljni zaključak je da postoji velika potreba i dovoljno kapaciteta unutar ženskih organizacija, i među pojedinkama, za podršku osnivanju Ženskog fonda u Bosni i Hercegovini. Fond treba njegovati najviši nivo učešća – kako bi se osigurao osjećaj pripadanja i zastupljenost različitih skupina žena kojima se nastoji pomoći. Naše je čvrsto ubjeđenje da je osnivanje takvog fonda na lokalnom nivou sljedeći korak u razvoju nezavisnog ženskog pokreta koji će se temeljiti na stvarnim potrebama žena i graditi na principima solidarnosti i jednakosti. Također vjerujemo da postojanje takvog fonda može biti katalizator novom načinu izgradnje pokreta, što će feminističku agendu vratiti u javni diskurs s obnovljenom jasnošću, energijom i uticajem. Pored predložene participacije i obnovljenih veza sa zajednicom koju zastupa, fond treba odrediti vrlo usku nišu djelovanja i razmisliti o tome kojim dodatnim vrijednostima njegovi osnivači/ce i članovi/ce mogu pridonijeti u poređenju s drugim fondacijama. Kad su korisnice u pitanju, mišljenja smo da prioritet treba biti pomoć najmarginalizovanijim i najugroženijim grupama, koje su tradicionalno isključene iz svakog procesa odlučivanja i trpe višestruku diskriminaciju i druge oblike kršenja prava. Od suštinske je važnosti spriječiti daljnje isključivanje ovih grupa od pristupa ostvarenju njihovih prava. To bi trebala biti primarna obaveza aktera civilnog društva, kao i polje iskazivanja njihove solidarnosti.

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Recorded - Women and public life in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th century
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Recorded - Women and public life in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th century

Zabilježene – Žene i javni život Bosne i Hercegovine u 20. vijeku

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: women; public life; BiH;Austro-Hungarian period; epochs; WWI; WWII; experiences;1990s; millenium; present; civil society;

Knjiga koja je pred vama pokušava predstaviti sliku svijeta žena u vremenu kada se život vrtoglavo ubrzao – ideologizirao, industrijalizirao, psihoanalizirao, tehnologizirao, mobilizirao, komercijalizirao, relativizirao, konfekcionalizirao. Naša knjiga ima brojna ograničenja. Naime, metodološki poglavlja nisu strogo ujednačena; izostala je analiza konstruisanja žene u različitim ideologijama. Knjiga je pisana brzo, sa mnogo strasti, ljubavi i žaljenja što se nije otišlo u svaki arhiv, muzej ili biblioteku širom Bosne i Hercegovine kao i van zemlje (jer se ogromna građa uopće ne nalazi u BiH). U njoj, nažalost, nema pomena o radnim akcijama, popularnoj kulturi niti objašnjenja šta je za žene podrazumijevala kazna gubitka narodne časti. Građanska prava ili priča o fizičkom radu prelamaju se ovdje kroz ekonomske i političke uslove u kojima su žene živjele.

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The women's movement in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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The women's movement in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Ženski pokret u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Zlatiborka Popov-Momčinović / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: women; movement; BiH; contraculture; resistance; Austro-Hungarian period; Yugoslavia; feminism; socialism; activism; ethno-nationalism; marginalisation;

Iskustvo bivanja ženom je u istorijskom smislu bilo iskustvo bivanja drugošću – u odnosu na normativna značenja koja postulira i nameće društveno-politički poredak različitih epoha. Od antičkog perioda za žene je bio rezervisan ojkos a za muškarce polis, dok je u srednjovjekovnom poretku tzv. troslojna staleška struktura žene zapravo posmatrala kao četvrti stalež, a do radikalne promjene nije došlo ni u epohi moderne, koja nastaje kao tzv. slobodni savez slobodnih građana – braće, koji, kako suptilno elaborira Kerol Pejtman u polnom ugovoru, zbacuju sa vlasti monarha – patrijarhalnog oca. Društveni medijator muškog auctoritas-a predstavljali su: borba, rat, nasilje, kao i različiti arhetipološki diskursi. Iako se često navodi da su u nekim tzv. prvobitnim zajednicama postojala mikrodruštva matrijarhata, kasnija istraživanja ukazuju da nije riječ o nikakvoj vlasti žena, već o pukom lingvističkom konstruktu u kojem se srodstvo računalo po majčinoj liniji, a majčin brat – ujak, bio je moćna figura u tom lancu, čime se pak ne negira da su u pojedinim zajednicama ranih perioda žene imale bolji položaj – npr. kontrolisale su svoj rad i raspodjelu, i postojali su tzv. oblici disperzije vlasti.

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What is the Gender of Security?
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What is the Gender of Security?

Kojeg je roda sigurnost?

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: gender; security; feminism; war; female soldiers; activism; armed forces; equality; higher education; criminology; police education;

Ova publikacija je druga po redu u ediciji Gender Sarajevskog otvorenog centra u okviru koje objavljujemo različite naslove koji se tiču roda kao sociološki i kulturološki uvjetovane razlike između osoba muškog i ženskog spola, koje su prije svega proizvod normi, praksi, običaja i tradicije i kroz vrijeme su promjenljivi, a naročito onih pojava i osoba koje negiraju, prevazilaze, propituju i kritikuju ovu usku binarnu podjelu, te presjek roda i različitih društvenih kategorija: sigurnosti, politike, umjetnosti...

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Someone said feminism? How feminism influenced women of the XXI century?
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Someone said feminism? How feminism influenced women of the XXI century?

Neko je rekao feminizam? Kako je feminizam uticao na Žene XXI veka?

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Serbian

Keywords: feminism;rights and freedoms; personal; political; identities; differences; voice; echo; pictures; movements; theory; practice;

Pred sobom imate iznimno vrijedno štivo koje je konačno doživjelo i svoje bosanskohercegovačko izdanje. Zahvaljujući Adriani Zaharijević i njenom predanom radu na priređivanju ove knjige dobili/e smo mogućnost da čitamo novu i mlađu generaciju teoretičarki i aktivistkinja, te tako uspostavljamo nove veze i suradnje, i dobijamo priliku komparirati vlastita iskustva sa onima u zemljama našeg okruženja. Ovu novu generaciju treba pratiti, prevoditi, povezivati i sa njima tražiti zajednička mjesta sa kojih možemo oblikovati novu generaciju feministkinja.

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Feasibility study for the establishment of Women’s Fund in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Feasibility study for the establishment of Women’s Fund in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Feasibility study for the establishment of Women’s Fund in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Natalija Bratuljević,Katarina Živanović / Language(s): English

Keywords: feasibility study; women's fund; BiH; gender equality; rights and freedoms; legal framework; NGO; assessment; possibilities;

This report is the final result of the Feasibility Study (The Study) commissioned by Sarajevo Open Centre and Foundation CURE with the financial support provided by Mama Cash Foundation. The purpose of the Study is to examine the needs and possibilities for establishing the Women’s Fund in Bosnia and Herzegovina. International Women’s funds are instituted on the broadly feminist perspective within the framework of the universality of human rights. They support formal and informal groups of women, engaged actively with their communities. Such Funds empower women and girls to be “the agents of change” in their societies, as well as on the global level. The original idea behind this Study was to examine possibilities for establishing local Fund that would support the development of women’s rights organisation, with equally important goal of securing support to some of the most underprivileged groups of women in Bosnia today, including Roma women, women with disabilities, lesbian/bisexual/transgender women and others. To better understand the key obstacles that prevent women in Bosnia and Herzegovina to access justice and participate as equal in all spheres of public and private life, we analysed in details all aspects of complex political structure, legal, administrative, social and economic barriers and tried to accurately assess the work of both state and non state actors in the sphere of gender equality. Compared to many countries in the region, Bosnia and Herzegovina was the pioneer in passing gender equality legislation and setting up institutional mechanisms for gender mainstreaming on all levels of executive power. However, the improvements measured in everyday life of women are still minor. Women in Bosnia and Herzegovina are victims of multiple rights violations and face tremendous challenges in claiming their rights and acquiring access to justice. This particularly refers to: violence against women and girls (47% of women in Bosnia and Herzegovina, over the age of 15, experienced, at some point in their life, at least one type of violence), sexual and labour exploitation, multiple discrimination, exclusion for decision-making, lack of voice and representativeness. The fact that women in Bosnia and Herzegovina outperform men in higher education is overshadowed by statistical data showing that Bosnia and Herzegovina has one of the lowest levels of female participation in the workforce in Southeast Europe, with only 37.3% of women in the country’s workforce. Women belonging to the marginalised and vulnerable groups are even more exposed to rights violations and less aware of the mechanisms to claim them. There is an overwhelming fear of secondary victimisation and the general lack of trust in justice system. Twenty years after the war, the legal framework for gender equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina is mostly in line with the international standards, but the implementation is still weak while both state and independent institutions struggle with political obstacles, lack of resources and sometimes capacity. Civil society still plays a major role in the development, but the dialogue between the state and civil society organisations was never formalised. Women’s non-governmental organisation as smaller but vibrant part of the civil society, played a major rule during and after the war from delivering humanitarian assistance, to building relationship and contributing to reconciliation, delivery of legal and psycho-social support, opening public debate, mobilising support for legal and institutional changes. Today, there are many women’s rights advocates, dedicated and professional individuals and organisations fighting for equality and women’s empowerment. Our key conclusion is that there is a great need and enough capacities within the women’s organisations, as well as individuals, to support the establishment of a Women’s Fund in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the highest participatory way possible - to secure the ownership and representativeness of various groups of women it seeks to help. It is our firm belief that establishing such Fund locally is the next logical step in the development of an independent, issue-based women’s movement, constructed on the principles of solidarity and equality. We also believe that the emergence of such a Fund, can be a catalyst for the new way of building movements, which can bring the feminist agenda back to the public discourse with renowned clarity, energy and impact. In addition to suggested participation, and re-established connections to the base, the Fund should chose a very narrow niche and consider what are the added values its founders and members bring, in comparison to other existing Foundations. When it comes to the beneficiaries, we must underline the feeling that the assistance to the most marginalised and vulnerable groups, which are traditionally excluded from any decision-making, and which suffer multiple discrimination and other rights-violations - should be favoured. It is vital to prevent further exclusion of these groups in the society from accessing their rights, and that should be a prime obligation of the civil society actors, as well as a great exercise of solidarity.

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Women Documented. Women and Public Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th Century
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Women Documented. Women and Public Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th Century

Women Documented. Women and Public Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th Century

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: women; documented; public life; BiH; 20th century; epochs; WWI; WWII; Socialism; emancipation; patriarchy; 90s; war; postwar;

The book you are holding attempts to represent the world of women in the times when life became extremely accelerated – ideologised, industrialised, psychoanalysed, technologised, mobilised, commercialised, relativised. Our book has many a limitation. Methodologically, its chapters are not fully harmonised; it lacks the analysis of the construction of woman in different ideologies. It was written quickly, but with passion, love and regret that not all archives, museums or libraries across Bosnia and Herzegovina and abroad were visited (a lot of the relevant material is not located in BiH). The driving force behind this endeavour of a group of people was the exclusion of women from the main trends, loss of continuity and their deletion from the cultural, scientific and all other memories. Therefore, this book primarily serves as the activist response to the systematic neglect of the contribution of women to BiH culture and it is an attempt to provide a foundation to the study of the history of women in BiH.

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1995-2015 - Women and Political Life in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina
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1995-2015 - Women and Political Life in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina

1995-2015 - Women and Political Life in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: women; political life; BiH; dayton accords; war; politics; activism; Bejing conference; post-war; elections; gender policy; law; gender equality; parliament; FBiH;

(English edition) While working on improving our program and portfolio on women’s human rights we quickly realized the absence of a detailed and visible account of “women’s” history in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although there are a significant number of publications and several activist initiatives that address certain fragments of history and explore events, periods of time, and regions, there is currently no exhaustive institutional account of women in Bosnia, nor are attempts being made to create one. The academic community has unfortunately failed in this area. The history of women and their contribution to public life remains at the margins of academic inquiry. The Sarajevo Open Centre published the book Women Documented: Women and Public Life in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the 20th Century. The book was edited by Jasmina Čaušević, a program coordinator at the Sarajevo Open Centre, in cooperation with ten authors. Through publishing this book, the Sarajevo Open Centre and our partner organizations wanted to celebrate the centenary of the First World War in a different way. It was precisely the work on Women Documented that revealed to us the need for further work exploring women’s history in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We hope that our (virtual) museum of women’s history in Bosnia will eventually be institutionalized in Bosnian society. In November and December 2015, we will commemorate the 20-year anniversary of the Dayton Peace Accords – the international agreement that brought peace to Bosnia and Herzegovina and laid the foundations for the long and grueling process of peace-making and trust-building. The Dayton Peace Process was, as this book will demonstrate, a classic example of male politics. The commemoration will, again, be dominated by men – Bosnian and Herzegovinian and world leaders. We decided to conduct this research and publish this book to challenge the male-dominated approach to memory. This publication aims to offer systematic insight into the role played by women in political life. Our goal is to offer a better understanding and a concise overview of political life over the past 20 years, based on the stories of a number of women - activists, politicians and institutional leaders - with the hope that it will inspire other authors to explore BiH political history during this period of time. Since this aspect of history is particularly under-researched, the very process of gathering information was challenging and so we welcome constructive criticism, comments, and suggestions for improvement and enrichment of this text. I would like to thank Marina, Arijana and Edita, who accepted to work with the Sarajevo Open Centre on this project. I would also like to thank my colleague Maida Zagorac, who has helped me immensely with her excellent oversight of both the technical and the substantive aspects of this text. I also owe thanks to the Embassy of Swiss Confederation in Bosnia and Herzegovina for supporting our work and the research of women’s history in Bosnia and Herzegovinian.

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WOMEN LEADERS CLOSE-UP - CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF LEADERSHIP OF WOMEN IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
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WOMEN LEADERS CLOSE-UP - CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF LEADERSHIP OF WOMEN IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

LIDERKE IZBLIZA - PRILOG PROUČAVANJU LIDERSTVA ŽENA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): Jelena Milinović / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: BiH; gender; women; leaders; leadership; global regional and local context;

During the development of the women’s movement and the institutionalization of women’s rights and gender equality, one very important aspect has been the recognition and growth of women’s leadership within institutions, social and family structures. Leadership of women can be even considered as one of the key issues for gender equality, since leadership and transformative communication process has great potential to reshape the structure of dominance. Examination of the experiences of women leaders at all levels in business, science, government, politics, civil society, the countryside, the city, etc. provides insight and illuminates the creation and operation of new space for the empowerment of women. Women’s leadership is long-term transformative not only for the leaders, but for their environment and the wider community as well, influencing changes in the lives of other women too. To this end, this book aims to illuminate the personal experiences of women leaders, so they can become part of the scientific empirical material and thus contribute to the development of women’s leadership in the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina, with all its specificities. Social context of Bosnia and Herzegovina is an integral part of the context of the Balkan as a European semi-periphery, space loaded with politics, poverty, interethnic conflicts and wars. In terms of theme of this book, it is particularly important to bear in mind the patriarchal society in BiH (which is a common feature of the Balkan countries in general), in which gender regimes, as structured relations between men and women, masculinity and femininity, in the institutional and non-institutional environment, at the level of discourse and at the level of practices, which restrict individual freedom and opportunities of women and men, become one of the dominant determinant of social characteristics and everyday life of women and men. In contrast, the legacy of socialism are the participation of women in the public sphere, legal personality and personal autonomy of women, resulting in relatively high participation of women in the labor force and a large percentage of population covered by education, which is essential for the acquisition of cultural and social capital and greater chance for real equality. The transition to neo-liberal market conditions of work and life began in 1989 and resulted in increased poverty and collapsed and nearly destroyed development potential of society, exacerbated by the war 1992-1995, with devastating consequences which Bosnia and Herzegovina still bears. In such context, the unfavorable conditions, poverty and social problems, women’s leadership is seen as a way to influence social change. Consideration of gender and leadership is more recent, and this aspect of the theory and research is becoming increasingly important. There was a shift in attitudes, from the view that women are inferior to men leaders from the 70’s to highlight the superiority of women leaders than men from the 90s onwards. An increasing number of women in leadership positions necessarily affected the increased interest of scientists to study women leaders. The researchers first dealt with the differences between women and men in leadership styles and management, claiming on one hand that there is a link between gender and leadership styles, and on the other that this link is not relevant. In addition to research styles of leadership, scientists have studied the assessment of the relative efficacy of men and women leaders, concluding that the differences are small, but still exist in the styles of leadership and level of efficiency, depending on the expected men’s and women’s social roles. In addition to these most commonly used theoretical and practical considerations of leadership and its aspects, for this book it was important to consider feminist theories of leadership and feminist criticism of leadership. Feminism has an ambivalent attitude towards power and leadership - on the one hand leadership is important to achieve the objectives of improving the status of women, but on the other hand it involves essentially “male” concept of leadership that often do not favor women. Feminist theorists have developed their theories in relation to the problems considered in the works of men predecessors and on that basis they have created their own approaches, mostly dealing with theories of power, authority and the issue of representation. In addition to clarifying the key issues of gender and leadership, the current theoretical approaches are insufficient in some respects as they hardly create positions for a broader resistance movement and a change in the direction of improving gender equality in leadership. Theoretical considerations of leadership and gender issues, as well as feminist theory and feminist criticism of leadership, found that there is ample room for further studies of complex gender aspects of leadership and that feminist perspective can give a very important contribution to better understanding of gender inequality in the hierarchies of social power. Detection of deep causes of these inequalities through empirical research can be the first step in the action for change. Research of gender aspects of leadership at different levels show gender imbalance in leadership positions and women face a number of obstacles to become leaders and to survive as leaders. In order to see what are the characteristics and perspectives of women’s leadership in Bosnia and Herzegovina, I examined different aspects of life and work of 20 women leaders. Their stories are important for illuminating their leadership experience and identification of common characteristics and models, regardless of their different life situations. One of the theoretical assumptions for this research has been Norbert Elias’s model “The Established and the Outsiders”. Although Elias’s study was not focused on gender relations, later analysis and the application of its findings to the men and women leaders show that women are outsiders and men are established, and it is much more difficult for women as outsiders to enter and survive in the world of leadership. However, the undeniable fact is that nowadays women can get a better education and the possibility of careers so they can be and are actors in world of leadership. Women have already begun the process of joining the established group and the goal was to examine how it happens in our context. The basic premise that women need greater professional potential and cultural capital than men to gain access to the leading position is empirically confirmed by this research. It was also found that, in addition to education as strategy for the development of cultural capital, the support of micro-environment, family and community is of crucial importance. Although individual situations are different, there is an important similarity between them, confirmed by research, that it is more difficult for women leaders than men to come to the leadership positions, to successfully survive as leaders, as well as to progress in the hierarchies of power. This proves the second premise that women have to overcome more barriers to reach such positions. The research empirically confirmed that in general women leaders are in the outsider position in relation to the established male leaders. Bearing in mind that Bosnia and Herzegovina is predominantly patriarchal society, with strong gender inequalities, the study found that leadership practices of women have certain peculiarities, stemming from their “outsider” position in which they move as women in a predominantly men’s world of leadership. These practices help them to establish their positions and they start and set up innovative ways of work, support and building cultural capital, which allows them to survive in leadership positions. Also, there was an assumption that the leadership of women has a long-term transformative potential for the empowerment of women in all aspects, personal and social. It was empirically confirmed that leadership allows women to permanently transform and emancipate themselves, their environment and future generations. Their transformation starts from their personality, gaining self-confidence and competence, social recognition and realization of their aspirations. In that process they are gradually changing their environment and their families. Their children grow up and are taught the values of knowledge, individuality, incentives to individual development. It can be reasonably assumed that the next generation of offspring of women leaders will lean more towards gender equality. Also, the long-term emancipatory potential of women’s leadership is found in their social engagement and efforts to be a part of social change. Respondents emphasize the importance of paving the way to a new generation of women, who should have better conditions for advancement. They are ready to personally operate, support, and promote the achievement of this goal, which leads to the conclusion that women’s leadership has permanent emancipatory and development potential, both for women and for society as a whole.All these research findings are accompanied by a rich empirical material in the form of statements of the respondents, in order to show all the nuances and specificities of their individual situations. On the findings of this research I proposed the form of a typology of women leaders in Bosnia and Herzegovina based on the model “The Established and The Outsiders”. This research shows that the relationship between the established and the outsiders is not completely fixed, nor are these categories completely fixed. Not all the established have the same access to power and status and not all the outsiders are equally marginalized. On the basis of this research it can be concluded that the key impact for the status of established and outsider as a leader or leaders have (1) a cultural capital, and (2) support the family, the environment and the public. The typology of leaders recognizes the following types: 1. Completely or predominantly established leaders who have cultural capital and support of the environment, with the easiest way to enter the leading position and survive in the leadership arena; 2 Partially established leaders, with strong cultural capital, but lack of support - their education and competence allow entry into the leadership position, but they have more to do to build support to sustain and survive as leaders; 3. Partial outsiders, who have support of the family and the environment, but do not have enough cultural capital that would allow them easier access to leadership positions – their task is to build cultural capital, which would provide survival in leadership positions; 4. Complete or predominant outsiders, who do not have sufficient cultural capital, nor support, but have leadership qualities - they are the most difficult to affirm as leaders, but not impossible. Their chance is to work on two fronts: the acquisition of cultural capital and the creation of support networks to sustain and survive in leadership positions. It is important to emphasize that nothing is impossible and that the particular combination of work on the creation, maintenance and expansion of cultural capital and support can result in a long-term survival in the leading position. It is also important to connect women leaders of all of these types, since they can be role models to each other, support each other and help to overcome obstacles more easily. In these processes, it is crucial to support leadership programs which would include all of these different components, along with pro-active and strong participation of women in their own leadership capacity building.

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They are ours today
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They are ours today

One su naše danas

Author(s): Matej Vrebac,Emina Bošnjak / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian

Keywords: feminism; women; gender equality; Bosnia and Herzegovina; gender history; socialism; 19th century; anti-fascist fight; nineties; war in BiH;

Razgovori o hrabrim ženama koje nisu pristajale na slijepu poslušnost i koje su prkosile pravilima okoline u kojoj su živjele i borile se za bolje prilike inspirišu na traganje .... traganje kroz vrijeme za pojedinkama koje su pomjerale granice ustaljenog načina ponašanja u svijetu, nekonformističkim djelovanjem u svojoj okolini, i šire. Upravo je to radila grupa ljudi – razgovarali su i tragali – dijeleći uvjerenje da je feminizam važan i da je važno ponovno čitati historiju. Svjesno su odbacili načelo važnijeg iskustva, koje feminizam svakako i problematizuje, i u pisanju su išli za ličnim osjećajem, jer je lično uvijek i političko. Pred vama je rezultat njihovog rada. U nastavku ćete otkriti koje su to žene pomjerale okvire koje im je društvo nametalo. Nadamo se da će i vas njihove priče inspirisati, a da će vas poster sa likovima nekih od njih, koji ćete naći u knjizi, obradovati. To su naši pokloni vama.

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CRIMINAL OFFENSES OF RAPE AND OTHER SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA
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CRIMINAL OFFENSES OF RAPE AND OTHER SEXUAL VIOLENCE IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

KRIVIČNA DJELA SILOVANJA I OSTALOG SEKSUALNOG NASILJA U BOSNI I HERCEGOVINI

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: rape; crime; BiH; legal system; Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence; Croatia;

Silovanje se uglavnom definira kao seksualni odnos ili druga vrsta seksualne penetracije počinjena od strane učinioca tog krivičnog djela prema žrtvi, bez njenog pristanka.1 Razlike u definiranju krivičnog djela silovanja postoje između različitih zakonodavstava, u zavisnosti od poimanja djela koja su ta društva usvojila, na osnovu tradicijskih, kulturoloških i društvenih vrijednosti koje se štite krivičnim zakonodavstvima, što je uveliko uvjetovano i stepenom njihovog razvoja u zaštiti ljudskih prava.

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Gender Equality: Theory, Law, Policies. Introduction to Gender Studies for Students of Social Sciences in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Gender Equality: Theory, Law, Policies. Introduction to Gender Studies for Students of Social Sciences in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Rodna ravnopravnost: Teorija, pravo, politike. Uvod u rodne studije za studentice i studente društvenih nauka u BiH

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Keywords: Gender studies; gender equality; human rights; women’s rights; feminism; social theory; education; discrimination against women; politics; higher education; civil society; NGO;

Rodne studije, kao interdisciplinarno područje istraživanja, dio su univerzitetskih kurikuluma u svijetu, a feminizam je postao važna paradigma akademskih rasprava. Situacija u Bosni i Hercegovini bitno je drugačija te, iako su stvorene neke pretpostavke za institucionalizaciju rodnih studija, obrazovni i naučnoistraživački procesi i dalje o(p)staju kao mjesto održavanja patrijarhalnog sistema. Naime, za institucionalizaciju rodnih studija važna su dva međusobno povezana segmenta. Prvi segment se odnosi na pokretanje naučnih časopisa i instituta iz oblasti rodnih studija. Drugi se odnosi na prisustvo sadržaja iz ovih oblasti u nastavnim planovima i programima na svim nivoima obrazovanja. S jedne strane, u oba segmenta možemo pratiti kontinuitet institucionalizacije u neformalnom sektoru, gdje nevladine organizacije radi daljeg aktivističkog djelovanja nužno preuzimaju teret obrazovnog i naučnoistraživačkog rada. Ovu tezu, na primjer, potvrđuju programi neformalnog obrazovanja iz rodnih/ženskih/feminističkih studija, kao i istraživanja i bogata izdavačka produkcija nekih nevladinih organizacija. S druge strane, u formalnom sektoru koji je za proces institucionalizacije u suštini ključni, može se pratiti diskontinuitet organizacijskih formi rodnih studija, pasivnost na višim nivoima i njegova ovisnost o individualnim naporima nastavnog kadra. Ovu tezu potvrđuje, na primjer, činjenica da značaj aktivnosti na organiziranju programa rodnih studija na II i III ciklusu pri Centru za interdisciplinarne studije Univerziteta u Sarajevu nije prepoznat. Ipak, na nekim bh. fakultetima nastavni planovi obuhvataju i obavezne ili izborne nastavne predmete iz oblasti rodnih studija.

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Gender and economy
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Gender and economy

Rod i ekonomija

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Serbian

Keywords: Feminist economy; Serbia; Gender differences; Decision making; Economic and social rights of women; Labour rights of women in BiH;

Feminizam i kao teorija i kao pokret obuhvata različite, često čak i suprotstavljene perspektive. Ipak, u savremenim okolnostima, kritika neoliberalizma može se prepoznati kao zajedničko opredjeljenje koje ne zaključuje,već kontinuirano razvija i kontekstualizira debatu o specifičnim problemima. Upravo kroz odabrane rasprave u ovom zborniku, autorice problematiziraju neka od pitanja koja se tiču rodnih dimenzija ekonomskih procesa. Zbornik je strukturisan u tri glavna dijela, a u svakom su objavljena po dva rada jedne autorice. U prvom dijelu zbornika, Tatjana Đurić Kuzmanović kroz dva rada govori o feminističkoj ekonomiji kao posebnoj školi ekonomskog mišljenja. Već na samom početku prvog teksta, autorica naznačava da se raznovrsnost pogleda unutar škole objedinjuje u kritičkom preispitivanju “klasičnih“ ekonomskih koncepata. “Nova“ znanja nude i nove alate neophodne za ekonomsku analizu socio-ekonomskih nejednakosti između žena i muškaraca, a koje izmiču “klasičnim“ teorijama. Postavljeni okvir autorica u drugom tekstu koristi za analizu poluperiferijalne ekonomije Srbije. Svakako da ona, s obzirom na sličnosti socio-ekonomskog konteksta, može biti inspirativna za primjenu alata feminističke ekonomije u ispitivanjima stanja u Bosni i Hercegovini i analizama dominantnih rodnih režima. Iako je rasprava Tatjane Đurić Kuzmanović fokusirana na odabrane teme i probleme, ona daje jezgrovit uvid u nove i drugačije pristupe u razumijevanju socio-ekonomskog položaja žena. Za dalje čitanje i bavljenje feminističkom ekonomijom mogu se preporučiti i drugi radovi ove autorice, a posebno dva teksta. Tekst Feministička ekonomija u post-socijalističkoj Srbiji – metodološki i kontekstualni izazovi objavljen je u publikaciji Feministička teorija je za sve. Podsjećanja radi, riječ je o zborniku radova s konferencije kojom je, između ostalog, obilježeno i deset godina od objavljivanja knjige Neko je rekao feminizam: Kako je feminizam uticao na žene XXI vijeka. Drugi tekst, Feministička ekonomija: mit ili alternativa, objavljen je u časopisu za feminističku teoriju i studije kulture Genero, čija je arhiva dostupna i online (http://generojournal.org/arhiva.html). Možda ovakve digresije nisu uobičajene za predgovore, ali ne čini se suvišnim na ovom mjestu ukazati na radove koji su važni za dalje bavljenje feminističkom ekonomijom, ali i podsjetiti na knjige koje su uticale na razvoj feminističkih teorija na našim prostorima i postale dijelom feminističke lektire.

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WHAT IS THE GENDER OF SECURITY? 20 years of the Security Council Resolution 1325 “Women, Peace and Security” and its implementation in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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WHAT IS THE GENDER OF SECURITY? 20 years of the Security Council Resolution 1325 “Women, Peace and Security” and its implementation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

WHAT IS THE GENDER OF SECURITY? 20 years of the Security Council Resolution 1325 “Women, Peace and Security” and its implementation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Keywords: gender; women; security; peace; migration; security council; UN; Resolution 1325; implementation; BiH; military; armed forces; police forces; COVID-19;

I have the honour to present this second volume of the “What is the Gender of Security?” series. The OSCE Mission to Bosnia and Herzegovina has partnered with the Sarajevo Open Centre in support of established and emerging practitioners and academics to provide important analysis on the engagement of women in the security sector and other relevant topics pertaining to gender and security. In so doing, we aim to foster synergies among academia, practitioners, and political and security decision-makers, and to highlight the importance of including gender perspectives in all aspects of security. We have partnered with the Sarajevo Open Centre to mark two important anniversaries: 2020 marks 25 years since the end of the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina and 20 years since the adoption of the landmark UNSC Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. The Resolution, unfortunately inspired by the conflicts in BiH and Rwanda in the 1990s, has helped place women’s war and post-war experiences at the forefront of international policy making, especially when it comes to peace negotiations and peace-building, peacekeeping, reconciliation, and reconstruction. Although much remains to be done in the fight to achieve equal rights and opportunities, it is worth recalling the progress achieved so far. To date 83 countries have adopted a National Action Plan for the Implementation of UNSCR 1325, with BiH being one of the first, having adopted its Plan in 2010. I am proud to represent an organization that puts promoting and achieving gender equality within and among participating States, our executive structures and field operations at the forefront of its work. The OSCE adopted its Action Plan for Promotion of Gender Equality in 2004, at a time when gender issues were rarely discussed in international fora. UNSCR 1325 is one of the pillars of our Action Plan and the OSCE Mission to BiH will continue to support BiH partner institutions in promoting its implementation. Since the 1975 Helsinki Final Act (the precursor to the OSCE as we know it today), participating States have recognized the value of a comprehensive approach to security. We remain committed to this approach. Human security cannot be ensured by depending exclusively on democratically-controlled defence and security forces. To achieve sustainable security, access to education and health, economic stability, rule of law, respect for human rights and a stable environment are all crucial. Gender equality and ensuring that youth perspectives play a central role in decision making remains at the heart of the OSCE’s approach. In 2019 the OSCE published research on “Implementing the Women, Peace and Security Agenda in the OSCE Region“ which provides an excellent overview of the implementation of UNSCR 1325. I recommend it to all interested researchers. The world is currently facing a security crisis on a scale more serious than most others in living memory. We are confronted with a pandemic that has forced us all to assume a key role in ensuring the safety and security of our loved ones and ourselves. The spread of the COVID-19 virus has brought into stark relief our global interdependence. It has highlighted the importance of looking out for each other, as well as supporting and protecting the democratic institutions that help our societies function and effectively address crises such as this one. Moreover, it has demonstrated the important role women can and must play as leaders, communicators, researchers and health providers in fighting the pandemic, to the benefit of all. These challenges require us all, whether in government or academia, to continue to collaborate, monitor, analyse, and learn from the experiences we are confronting. It is my sincere hope that, with this second volume, the Sarajevo Open Centre and the OSCE Mission to BiH will together make a valuable contribution to increased knowledge and awareness of many aspects of the UNSCR 1325 implementation.

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WHAT IS THE GENDER OF SECURITY? 20 years of the Security Council Resolution 1325 “Women, Peace and Security” and its implementation in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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WHAT IS THE GENDER OF SECURITY? 20 years of the Security Council Resolution 1325 “Women, Peace and Security” and its implementation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

KOJEG JE RODA SIGURNOST? 20 godina Rezolucije Vijeća sigurnosti 1325 “Žene, mir i sigurnost” i njezina provedba u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian

Keywords: gender; women; security; peace; migration; security council; UN; Resolution 1325; implementation; BiH; military; armed forces; police forces; COVID-19;

Čast mi je predstaviti ovaj drugi tom zbornika pod nazivom “Kojeg je roda sigurnost?”. Misija OSCE-a u Bosni i Hercegovini djelovala je u partnerstvu sa Sarajevskim otvorenim centrom da bi pružila podršku etabliranim praktičarkama i praktičarima te članovima i članicama akademske zajednice, kao i onima koji su tek u usponu, da izvrše važnu analizu angažmana žena u sigurnosnom sektoru, kao i drugih relevantnih tema koje se tiču roda i sigurnosti. Čineći to, naš je cilj da kultiviramo sinergije između akademske zajednice, praktičara i donosilaca odluka u oblastima politike i sigurnosti, kao i da naglasimo važnost uključivanja rodne perspektive u sve aspekte sigurnosti. Djelovali smo u partnerstvu sa Sarajevskim otvorenim centrom da bismo obilježili dvije važne godišnjice: 2020. godine se obilježava 25 godina od kraja sukoba u Bosni i Hercegovini i 20 godina od usvajanja znamenite Rezolucije 1325 Vijeća sigurnosti UN-a “Žene, mir i sigurnost”. Ta Rezolucija, nažalost inspirisana sukobima u BiH i Ruandi 90-ih godina 20. vijeka, pomogla je da se ratna i poslijeratna iskustva žena stave u prvi plan kada je u pitanju kreiranje međunarodnih politika djelovanja, naročito u vezi sa mirovnim pregovorima i izgradnjom mira, očuvanjem mira, pomirenjem i obnovom. Iako ostaje još mnogo toga da se uradi u borbi za ostvarenje jednakih prava i mogućnosti, vrijedi se podsjetiti dosadašnjeg napretka. Do danas su 83 države usvojile nacionalni akcioni plan za provedbu Rezolucije 1325 Vijeća sigurnosti UN-a, pri čemu je BiH bila jedna od prvih, usvojivši svoj plan 2010. godine. Ponosna sam što predstavljam organizaciju koja u prvi plan svog rada stavlja promociju i ostvarenje rodne ravnopravnosti u državama članicama, našim izvršnim tijelima i terenskim misijama, kao i između njih. OSCE je usvojio svoj Akcioni plan za promociju rodne ravnopravnosti 2004. godine, u vrijeme kada se o rodnim pitanjima rijetko razgovaralo u međunarodnim forumima. Rezolucija 1325 Vijeća sigurnosti UN-a jedan je od stubova našeg Akcionog plana, a Misija OSCE-a u BiH će nastaviti da pruža podršku partnerskim institucijama iz BiH u promociji njene provedbe. Još od Završnog dokumenta iz Helsinkija usvojenog 1975. godine (koji predstavlja prethodnicu OSCE-a kakvog poznajemo danas), države članice su prepoznale vrijednost sveobuhvatnog pristupa sigurnosti. Ostajemo predani tom pristupu. Sigurnost ljudi ne može biti osigurana oslanjajući se isključivo na snage odbrane i sigurnosti koje se nalaze pod demokratskom kontrolom. Da bi se postigla održiva sigurnost, od ključne su važnosti pristup obrazovanju i zdravstvu, ekonomska stabilnost, vladavina prava, poštovanje ljudskih prava i stabilno okruženje. Rodna ravnopravnost i osiguravanje da gledišta mladih igraju jednu od centralnih uloga u donošenju odluka ostaju u središtu OSCE-ovog pristupa. OSCE je 2019. godine objavio istraživanje pod nazivom “Provedba Agende ‘Žene, mir i sigurnost’ u državama članicama OSCE-a”, u kome je pružen izvanredan pregled provedbe Rezolucije 1325 Vijeća sigurnosti UN-a. Preporučujem ga svim zainteresovanim istraživačima i istraživačicama. Svijet se trenutno suočava sa sigurnosnom krizom ozbiljnijom od većine drugih u našem životnom vijeku. Suočeni smo sa pandemijom koja nas je sve prisilila da odigramo jednu od ključnih uloga u pružanju sigurnosti sebi i svojim najmilijima. Širenje koronavirusa zorno je pokazalo našu globalnu međuzavisnost. Ono je naglasilo važnost brige jednih za druge, kao i važnost pružanja podrške i zaštite demokratskim institucijama koje pomažu našim društvima da funkcionišu i djelotvorno rješavaju krize poput ove. Štaviše, ono je pokazalo važnu ulogu koju žene mogu i moraju igrati kao liderke, komunikatorice, istraživačice i zdravstvene djelatnice u borbi protiv pandemije, za dobrobit svih nas. Ti izazovi traže od svih nas, bez obzira da li radimo u tijelima vlasti ili u akademskoj zajednici, da nastavimo da sarađujemo, pratimo, analiziramo i učimo iz iskustava sa kojima se suočavamo. Iskreno se nadam da će, ovim drugim tomom, Sarajevski otvoreni centar i Misija OSCE-a u BiH zajedno dati vrijedan doprinos većem nivou znanja i svijesti o mnogim aspektima provedbe Rezolucije 1325 Vijeća sigurnosti UN-a.

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Father on Maternity Leave: Research on Legislative and Administrative Barriers to the Use of Maternity Leave in Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Father on Maternity Leave: Research on Legislative and Administrative Barriers to the Use of Maternity Leave in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Father on Maternity Leave: Research on Legislative and Administrative Barriers to the Use of Maternity Leave in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Amina Dizdar,Delila Hasanbegović / Language(s): English

Keywords: BiH; maternity leave; administration; legislation; barriers; fathers;

The aim of this research is to determine whether fathers use maternity leave and to what extent, and whether there is space for improving the laws governing this area, as well as public policies that would increase the participation of men in family life. The ultimate goal is to increase the participation of women in the labor market by amending and applying the appropriate provisions of the current laws and implementing public policies aimed at promoting the right for both parents to use maternity leave. In the first part of the research, we present the legal framework for regulating maternity leave, that is, we analyze the most important provisions of the Labor Law in B&H Institutions, FB&H Labor Law, RS Labor Law and District Brčko of B&H Labor Law, Law on Social Protection, Protection of Civilian Victims of War and Protection of Families with Children (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina) i.e. the laws on child protection (Republika Srpska and District Brčko), as well as accompanying bylaws. The second part contains basic information on the administrative procedures for using maternity leave, on the number of fathers who submitted a request for compensation instead of salary during maternity leave, and on the competent bodies for deciding on this issue. The research has shown that only 0.36% of fathers exercised the right to compensation instead of salary during maternity leave. In the third part, we analyzed the responses of 500 fathers who were surveyed by the public opinion polling agency and who had a child between 2016 and today,1 as well as the responses of eight fathers who used maternity leave during this period, and who were interviewed in focus groups. We chose this period because it was only in 2016 that this right was guaranteed to fathers as well. More than half (57.8%) of the surveyed fathers responded that they were not familiar with the right to use maternity leave. 73.4% of fathers said that they would have used maternity leave if they had known that this possibility existed. 28.8% of fathers were informed about this right by their employers. Out of the total number of fathers who did not use maternity leave, 49.7% of fathers did not know they could exercise this right, i.e. they were not sufficiently informed about the possibilities. 11.2% of fathers believe they do not need maternity leave because women are the ones who take care of children. 6.3% of fathers believe that no one exercises this right. 55.2% of fathers believe that the term parental leave is more appropriate compared to the term maternity leave, which is currently being used in labor laws. In the end, based on the collected data and findings obtained, we made recommendations, which the state should apply in order to enable both fathers and mothers to exercise this right equally. Given that a large number of fathers (more than half) stated they did not know about the possibility of using maternity leave, it is necessary to implement appropriate campaigns to raise awareness, but also to require employers to introduce the employees with their rights. In addition, the laws don't provide the same type of protection to fathers taking maternity leave as for mothers, and it is necessary to amend labor laws and other regulations that govern this area so that fathers also receive compensation while using maternity leave, have the right to leave in case of stillbirth, and have a guaranteed period of maternity leave that cannot be waived or transferred to the mother, in accordance with the European Union Directive on Work-Life Balance for Parents and Carers.

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