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Series:Językoznawstwo

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Jest, był, będzie czy byłby? Zagadki czasów i trybów w języku francuskim
6.00 €

Jest, był, będzie czy byłby? Zagadki czasów i trybów w języku francuskim

Author(s): Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik / Language(s): Polish

This volume is addressed not only to teachers, students, and all intermediate and advanced learners of French, but also to those who study other languages and wish to expand their general knowledge of how people perceive the reality, how they process data, how they encode them in language, and, finally, how they construct utterances. The book explains the use and function of tenses and moods in French, at the same time drawing attention to the fact that the same situation may be expressed with various tenses and moods. With the help of well-chosen figures and a style of exposition which resembles a conversation with the reader, it describes the process of choosing a particular tense and/or mood in an accessible way, pointing to the mechanisms of processing data by native speakers. In this way, it demonstrates in what ways French speakers picture various situations and what grammatical and lexical consequences these visualisations entail. The book includes also verb conjugation patterns, with particular emphasis on high-frequency verbs. A separate chapter discusses the choice of the auxiliary verb in complex tenses. The book will be of interest to those who enjoy learning languages, are fond of puzzles, and do not avoid challenges.

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Języki specjalistyczne. Teoria i praktyka glottodydaktyczna
7.00 €

Języki specjalistyczne. Teoria i praktyka glottodydaktyczna

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Polish,Italian

The volume is devoted to defining the notion of “specialised languages,” and to presenting problems and dilemmas encountered by foreign language teachers, whose duty is to provide students with language education with elements of specialised knowledge. The texts collected in this book are the effects of experiences of practising teachers dealing with glottodidactics. Working in various educational contexts, the authors are foreign language teachers at higher education institutions or at modern philology departments of higher education institutions. This collection of texts written by teachers-glottodidacticians shows their reflections, knowledge, and practical experiences in teaching specialised languages – the expressions of their own explorations.The editors believe that this volume will become not only a source of knowledge and ideas how to cope with teaching specialised languages, but also an inspiration for further searches of teaching methods and techniques that are more motivating, effective, varied, and able to go beyond the curriculum of a language course, realised by means of less traditional didactic materials.

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Kawa czy herbata? Pierwszy telewizyjny program śniadaniowy. Komunikat polimodalny z perspektywy lingwistyki dyskursu
10.00 €

Kawa czy herbata? Pierwszy telewizyjny program śniadaniowy. Komunikat polimodalny z perspektywy lingwistyki dyskursu

Author(s): Ewelina Tyc / Language(s): Polish

The dissertation presents a detailed analysis of the first national morning programme Kawa czy herbata? [coffee or tea?]. The morning show was broadcast on TVP 1 from 1992 to 2013, i.e. for twenty one years. This was a period of major changes not only in the Polish television but also in all mass media.“Breakfast Television” as an idea of morning bands is willingly watched in Poland. It is proved by both the viewing ratings, as well as by the presence of the morning band not only in each of the leading television stations in Poland but also in local stations (eg. TVP Katowice). The work is made up of two main parts, which are divided into specific sections. In the theoretical part, we present the state of media research work. We describe in detail the methodology, that is, discourse analysis and the linguistic picture of the world , the world media and the discursive image of the world. In the second, analytical part of the study we have described the TV programme Kawa czy herbata?. The material has been discussed in terms of four aspects of the genre’s standard developed by Maria Wojtak: structural aspect, pragmatic aspect, stylistic aspect and cognitive aspect.As regards the structure, we have discussed both the whole programme and its individualparts. In terms of the pragmatic aspect, the analysis involves the actors of the discourse underanalysis, namely the presenters of the programme and the stage on which they act – the studio. In terms of the stylistic aspect, in turn, the research is directed at the individual style of selected hosts. The final, cognitive aspect relates to the concept of the media picture of the world which was created in the morning program Kawa czy herbata?.The considerations undertaken in the present work form part of the current research on discourse linguistics and media linguistics.

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Kulturowe kody reklamy. Świat znaczeń w reklamie z perspektywy socjalizacji
7.00 €

Kulturowe kody reklamy. Świat znaczeń w reklamie z perspektywy socjalizacji

Author(s): Emilia Bańczyk (Kałuzińska) / Language(s): Polish

The purpose of my dissertation is the reconstruction of socialization offer of advertising. The choice of this topic involves contemporary cultural transformations and results from observation that the process of entering an individual to society is more often accompanied by the media, and with the recognition that advertisement has a meaningful impact in today’s world – as the transfer of general social knowledge. These two concepts: socialization and advertising become description subject in the theoretical part of the thesis. Television has become an important factor of socialization, as the research indicates, which shows that the average nursery school child watches television up to three hours a day. Young viewers like to watch advertisments, they are also the extremely absorbent audience and prolong the existence of commercial messages, drawing from them inspiration for fun and for the children’s folklore. To evaluate the potential of the socialization of advertising, I analyse advertising spots broadcast on channel TVP ABC. Children as recipients of fables become here automatically receivers of many advertising messages. Arousing children’s interest advertising has the potential to shape the image of the world’s youngest viewers, providing knowledge about products, but also about values, stereotypes or social roles. In this way conceptualization of reality from advertisments can be internalized by the child audience. Advertising as a multicode, polisemiotic message, requires also multidimensional description. I am ordering the collected material using content analysis – taking into consideration the category of advertised products, as well as promoted in spots values and social roles in which the main ads character are being occupied. Then I am taking a closer look to the selected advertisement and doing their semiological analysis, to check how a single spots in its plots reproduce the social order and in what way modify it. Finally, I am studing advertising spoken texts, supporting with the concept of the Lublin school of ethnolinguistics, I am trying to reconstruct an linguistic picture of the world carried by the advertisements. Reconstruction of advertising socialization offer shows that advertising equates children recipient with an adult, presenting post consumption world where dreams are realized through loans. Picture of the social roles is filled with stereotypes, however, we can notice some elements of changes, ie. fathers taking care of children or active female character presented away from home. The meaning of advertisements creates three pragmatic areas: CONSUMPTION AREA, UNLIMITED POSSIBILITIES AREA and EXISTENCE AREA. The child learns from advertising texts that „new is better”, that it can do in life, whatever it wants, and, that life is inseparably connected with money, while home and family are disconnected.

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La description lexicographique de la terminologie du droit pour les besoins de la traduction juridique du français vers le polonais
14.00 €

La description lexicographique de la terminologie du droit pour les besoins de la traduction juridique du français vers le polonais

Author(s): Ksienia Gałuskina / Language(s): English,French,Polish

The subject of this monograph is lexicographic description of the terminology of law, with special emphasis on its use in the translator’s work environment, precisely in the context of machine and computer-aided translation. This description is based on the model developed by W. Banyś in the context of object-oriented description of lexical units. This work constitutes an application of this model to the lexical description of legal lexical units belonging to the analysed class of objects <persons in family relations>. The monograph consists of two parts. The first is descriptive, and it aims to provide a disciplinary and theoretical framework for this work. The first chapter discusses briefly the notions of legal language, legal text and legal translation. It explains distinction between different types of machine translation (rule-based, statistical, hybrid, neuronal) and computer-aided translation. Two fundamental approaches to description of terminology are presented: prescriptive and descriptive, and the emphasis is put on the importance of using linguistic corpora in terminological research. The second chapter presents an object-oriented description. A detailed discussion of the object-oriented description of lexical units by W. Banyś is accompanied by the outline of the following theoretical concepts: the object classes by G. Gross, the theory of Sens-Texte, the generative lexicon theory and the WordNet ontology, including, where possible, their suitability for the description of specialized lexis in the field of law. The third chapter discusses issues related to the object-oriented description of the specialized vocabulary, with particular focus on the selection process and the final choice of lexical units for the analysis, as well as the selection and exploration of corpora. The model of object-oriented description of lexical units is descriptive and its purpose is to present the language of law in its authentic form. The second part of the work is practical. It presents the lexicographic description of lexical units selected for the analysis, conducted in accordance with the methodology outlined in part one. It consists of the tables containing a description of fifty-two lexical units belonging to the object class <persons in family relations> and one lexical unit belonging to the superclasses: <persons> and <subjects of law>. These tables illustrate the use of W. Banyś’s lexicographic model to describe the units of the language of law.

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Labial-Dorsal Interactions: A Phonologically Based Approach
8.00 €

Labial-Dorsal Interactions: A Phonologically Based Approach

Author(s): Artur Kijak / Language(s): English

"This work has proposed a novel approach to the intrasegmental structure ofdorsals based on detailed synchronic, diachronic, intra-linguistic, and crosslinguisticanalysis of interactions between labials and dorsals."

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Les conceptualisations de relations au travers des prépositions neutres en français. Une approche cognitive
5.00 €

Les conceptualisations de relations au travers des prépositions neutres en français. Une approche cognitive

Author(s): Katarzyna Kwapisz-Osadnik / Language(s): French

The monograph contains a coherent description of the functioning of three French prepositions de, à and en, which belong to the group of neutral prepositions, i.e. polysemic enough that reaching the meaning is based on the relational function in the context. These prepositions com-pete with one other and with other prepositions in expressing the same relations between the same objects, eg. aller en France / à Paris / dans la France de son enfance / dans Paris; continu-er à faire / continuer de faire; parler à / de / avec; de plus / en plus. Their functioning in a sim-ple or contracted form is also problematic, due to the presence of an article, eg aller à Paris / au Portugal; s’échapper de prison / de la prison.

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Linguistic Landscape in Scuol als Ausdruck der kultursprachlichen Vielfalt der lokalen Gemeinschaft
6.00 €

Linguistic Landscape in Scuol als Ausdruck der kultursprachlichen Vielfalt der lokalen Gemeinschaft

Author(s): Lesław Tobiasz / Language(s): German

This work discusses the phenomenon of the existence of different languages in the public space in Scuol, a famous health resort and tourist locality in the Swiss canton of Grisons. The official language of the town is Romansh, but almost all citizens speak fluently German. The author concentrates on the analysis of visible texts in the commercial center of the commune. He analyses also the linguistic landscape in the old historical part of the locality as well the use of different languages at the train station and at the valley-station of the cable car Motta Naluns, both very important places for inhabitants and tourist visiting Scuol. The research shows that German is the most visible language. Romansh appears in the first place in proper names and in the information about the opening times whereas long texts written only in this language are very rare. English is the third most common language in the public space, but it appears relatively rarely taking in consideration the importance of Scuol as the tourist locality. Other languages play practically a marginal role. The relatively weak position of Romansh and the dominance of German indicate that in Scuol the existence of the oldest language of Switzerland is endangered.

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Literatura bliska i daleka. Szkice z zakresu glottodydaktyki
6.00 €

Literatura bliska i daleka. Szkice z zakresu glottodydaktyki

Author(s): Bożena Szałasta-Rogowska / Language(s): Polish

The texts included in this book result from the author’s discoveries of interestingpoems and short stories, and her willingness to share their attractiveness with other readers, with a special emphasis on the students of Polish as a foreign language. This book, however, is addressed most of all to the educators – mainly those working in the field of glottodidactics – who would like to guide their students in the journey through Polish literature.The book, divided into three chapters, is a collection of articles devoted to practical possibilities of using literature and paintings during foreign language courses. The papers included propose mainly intensive reading practice, that is, reading fiction originally written in Polish. Literature up Close and from Afar. Writings on Glottodidactics is a book that proposes looking at literature both from a distance – since it is appreciated as a reservoir of subjects and cultural heritage – and up close – for the author analyses particular pieces. The propositions for literary glottodidactic meetings are usually based on a specific idea. The ideas include, for instance, exploring literary texts that correspond to paintings (Wordy Images part), the feeling of nostalgia and emigration poetry (Close Feelings from Afar part) or tabooed subjects such as death, old age, or illness (It Is Difficult to Talk part) duringclasses.The first part presents most of all the methodics of working at foreign language courses rooted in paintings and literary texts referring to them that revolve around – on the one hand – the role of particular objects in our lives and – on the other hand – the abstract notion of freedom. The author focuses on the analysis of chosen works of art both from Poland (for instance by Józef Mehoffer, Tytus Czyżewski, or Zbigniew Pronaszko) and from the world (for instance by Pieter Bruegel). Interpretations of Olga Tokarczuk’s short story Szafa and poems by Wisława Szymborska, Grażyna Zambrzycka, and others complement the description of the paintings.The second part of the book shows the possibilities of exploring the potential of poetry during the course of Polish as a foreign language. Classes revolving around nostalgia, identity issues, or problems connected to not feeling at home in a foreign space are exemplified mainly by Polish emigration poems (for example by Bogdan Czaykowski and Marek Kusiba).The final part of the book touches upon difficult, tabooed questions. The author not only points to the need to talk about such delicate and intimate issues as anorexia or the position of elderly people in the society, but also emphasises the significance of cultural differences present in multinational student groups. It is literature that can perform the role of a soothing mediator in this difficult discussion during the foreign language course.

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Metody stymulowania rozwoju słownictwa w języku polskim u dzieci dwujęzycznych na emigracji
10.00 €

Metody stymulowania rozwoju słownictwa w języku polskim u dzieci dwujęzycznych na emigracji

Author(s): Kamila Kuros-Kowalska / Language(s): Polish

The aim of this publication was to study the effectiveness of the original methods of stimulating Polish language vocabulary development in bilingual children living in an English-speaking environment. At the beginning of the research, the initial level of Polish language competence in Polish bilingual children living in England was assessed. The next stage of the study was to establish what change could be seen a year after the traditional and modern methods of stimulating vocabulary development were introduced. The results achieved by the bilingual children from England were compared with those of the monolingual children living in Poland. The publication consists of five chapters. The introduction is followed by a theoretical chapter dealing with the methodologies employed in the study. The second chapter focuses on the particular aspects of multilingualism which were recognised as essential to present a complete picture of the issues raised in this work. The third chapter provides a description of the research tools used in the study. One of the tools, “A child’s vocabulary test” (Test Słownika Dziecka) by professor Zbigniew Tarkowski, is already known in the world of science. Two other tools, referred to as a traditional method, which involves short stories accompanied by questions, and a modern method that is a multimedia program, were created by the Author exclusively for this research. The fourth chapter presents the development of the tested children’s vocabulary based on the analysis of the results obtained by the children from the youngest age group taking part in the research. The fifth chapter features the prospects associated with the use of the research tools. The research on lexis, whose level influences communication efficiency, brought a number of observations. They concerned the choice of particular vocabulary made by the children, problems (e.g. relating to defining), linguistic mechanisms applied by the bilingual children to develop their vocabulary. Moreover, the research enabled the Author to make observations with regard to the challenges faced by the bilingual children and bilingual families living in England. The results of the research allow to appreciate especially one of the methods which is broadly discussed in the chapters describing the tools and the results of the research.

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Międzynarodowy alfabet fonetyczny w slawistyce
8.61 €

Międzynarodowy alfabet fonetyczny w slawistyce

Author(s): Piotr Rybka / Language(s): Polish

The monograph is an extensive guide to international transcription. All currently used symbols of the International Phonetic Alphabet are incorporated along with the explanation of their meaning and uses. Among many examples of transcription derived from phonetic publications, original transcriptions of more difficult articulations are also included in the book. It may be noted, therefore, that the book bridges the gap in Polish linguistic literature where–for many years–a full description of present standard of international transcription has been missing. The examples of transcriptions and sets of symbols are gathered to meet the needs of Slavonic researchers. The present monograph may be, therefore, recognized as intended for scientific rather than general reader. It may prove useful to specialists in different linguistic fields as well as in speech therapy. The book might be used by students of various philological subjects provided that they have acquired the essentials of articulatory phonetics. The monograph comprises ten chapters along with the unpaginated preface and a list of phonetic symbols at the end. General assumptions of the study are introduced in the preface as well as possible uses of international transcription and reasons behind preferring this system of transcription to traditional Slavonic alphabet. The first chapter outlines the history of the International Phonetic Association and its alphabet since its beginnings in late 19th century until the latest changes in the 21st century. All currently used sets of international phonetic symbols with essential explanations are introduced in the second chapter. Understanding of the use of the symbols is facilitated by means of original typology of the symbols contained in this chapter. The third chapter depicts the so-called Principles of the International Phonetic Association defining the application of the alphabet, the evolution of its symbols, as well as basic rules of international transcription. The Principles are discussed according to the official handbook of the International Phonetic Association. In the following chapter, symbols of both Slavonic and International Phonetic Alphabets are compared, each group of equivalents being accompanied by essential explanatory notes. The list of symbols introduced in chapter four enables the reader to compare both alphabets and become familiarized with the major differences between them. Ways of transcribing different actions of the larynx (i.e. phonation) are presented in the fifth chapter, whose latter section consists of symbols which may be used to transcribe prosodic features of speech including tone, word stress, length, boundaries of prosodic units, intonation contours and many others. The most important consonant symbols arranged according to the place of articulation are discussed in the subsequent chapter, which begins with the description of the model of vocal organs with its divisions. More unusual articulations are introduced in the footnotes, since they may occur in Slavonic languages only as incorrect realizations of sounds. The main text, however, is centered around articulations that are most common in the above-mentioned languages. In the seventh chapter, vowel symbols are elaborated with reference to the vowel quadrilateral model which provides the basis of the international system of vowel transcription. This section contains the symbols of the most important central approximants as well as symbols of particular Slavonic vowels. Chapter eight includes review of symbols for essential complex articulations, such as palatalization, labialization, affricates, nasalization and diphthongs. In a separate section, transcription of different types of release–also called ‘plosion’ in some works–is presented along with types of consonant gemination. In the subsequent (ninth) chapter much space has been given to particular issues concerning phonetics of Slavonic languages. Transcription of coronal, palatal and palatalized consonants is discussed in great detail, the discussion being an attempt at organizing different transcriptions found in literature. The last chapter consists of additional examples of transcriptions of words and sentences in Czech, Polish, Russian and Slovenian languages. Due to sporadic application of the International Phonetic Alphabet to Slavonic languages, providing examples from other languages was not possible. Nevertheless, the transcriptions gathered allow to observe wide range of possibilities of the International Phonetic Alphabet which serves as a device for marking minute articulatory features. The list of references provides all publications used in the monograph as well as offers additional information on the International Phonetic Alphabet. All phonetic symbols and all complex symbols available in computer fonts are listed at the end of the book. Value description as well as Unicode number are provided for each symbol. Additional explanatory notes on structure and common erroneous substitutions of similar letters are given to most complex symbols. Many of the international symbols have their equivalents in simplified phonetic scripts which are also added to the closing list of symbols.

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Nazwa własna wobec gatunku i dyskursu
6.15 €

Nazwa własna wobec gatunku i dyskursu

Author(s): Artur Rejter / Language(s): Polish

The monograph proposes a description and interpretation of genre and discourse from the onomastic – or to be exact literary onomastic – perspective. Therefore, it constitutes an attempt at bringing together different conceptions of language description and communication, while broadening and enriching the scope of research. The aim of the study is to present certain angles for reading, description and interpretation of the higher levels of communication (text, genre, discourse) in the context of literary onomastics. It purports to describe the process in which proper names co-form the particular levels and areas of communication. The source material is comprised of Baroque literary texts representing different aesthetics and all stages of development within the period. The author drew abundantly from the works of many poets, both major and minor. That approach allowed to arrive at an averaged, relatively holistic and idiolectically balanced image of the epoch. The study includes a theoretical chapter and two comprehensive empirical chapters. The first chapter of the monograph (“Proper name – text – culture”) constitutes a theoretical study of the methodological contexts of contemporary literary onomastics, the text-centric nature of communication as well as a reflection on its essence, the markers of the cultural formation of Baroque, and, last but not least, proper names as elements of cultural memory. Chapter two (“Proper name towards genre. A study of the epigram and related literary forms”) is devoted to the description of the epigram as well as similar literary forms from the onomastic perspective. In particular detail the author discusses the various components of the genre model–structural, stylistic, pragmatic and semantic. The analysis serves to demonstrate certain tendencies and functions connected with the presence of proper names in the text, paying particular attention to the aspects of the genre model. The analysis of the special components of the genre model of the epigram and related literary forms from the perspective of onomastics shows that the particular aspects can be successfully characterised according to proper names. At the structural level, proper names demonstrate, for example, their formative function through their presence in titles relating to the main link. The stylistic aspect is, on the other hand, framed by the cultural and communication category of colloquialism, and, on the one hand – by the markers formulated in poetics and rhetoric of the epoch, which can be identified precisely by the proper names. In the sphere of pragmatics, the onomasticon confirms two primary functions of the genre – ludic and didactic ones. The proper names analysed due to their participation in the formation of the text’s semantic layer reflect the topicality of the matters discussed by Baroque epigram writers; moreover, they convey the varied character of the stereotypes as well as social and cultural cliches of those times. In the following chapter (“Proper name towards discourse”), the author attempts a discourse analysis from the perspective of proper names present within the discourse itself. To illustrate the point, the author discusses two discourses crucial to the Baroque culture –metaphysical as well as erotic and romantic discourse. The onomasticon, interpreted according to its participation in the formation of the level of discourse, displays both markers typical for the culture of the epoch, and – even more importantly – certain extracultural characteristics. The confirmation of that fact can be found in the presence of multiple mythological names and proper names connected with the Christian formation, which could be called topical, especially in relation to the entirety of Old Polish writing. The proper names of both – the metaphysical and erotic and romantic discourses testifies also to the Baroque idea of varietas, which outlined the cultural map of the epoch, regardless of the discourse, even at the peripheries. The observations concerning the onomastics of the chosen Baroque discourses in turn have leaded to the conclusions that specific affinity and kinship of the genre and discourse, since both of them oftentimes cannot be separated. The richness, but also certain standardisation of the Baroque onomasticon remains closely connected with the cultural characteristics of the epoch. Baroque was, in fact, an extremely complex system, not only within the sphere of ideas and discussed topics, but also that of aesthetics and roles of expressions, which could be interpreted from the perspective of social communication. Moreover, while speaking on the subject of the Baroque, one needs to consider the longevity of the epoch, its rhetorical conventions, but also – the other extreme – the transgressive tendencies, search for new solutions, strong individualisation of languages and cultural programs of the epoch. Many of the discussed markers of genre and discourse, described from the onomastic perspective, could be also found in texts representing other epochs in the history of the civilisation. It, in turns, demonstrates the universality as the quality appropriate for the human civilization.

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Nazwy własne w kon/tekstach kultury
8.00 €

Nazwy własne w kon/tekstach kultury

Author(s): Artur Rejter / Language(s): Polish

In this work, the author presents a firm conviction that proper names are specific cultural signs in terms of both understanding the culture’s historically varying dynamics and character, as well as diverse contexts in which proper names occur at a given stage of sociocultural development. Such an approach gives rise to certain revaluations in the analytic methods employed and – in a broader sense – the very essence of proper names. More frequently and definitely, contemporary onomastics seems to depart from traditional – and often orthodox – approaches, not only in terms of methodology but also objectives that the researchers set.The monograph provides various takes on the opportunities that onomastics along with its diverse instruments gives us. It is, however, worth highlighting that onomastics is understood as a field of linguistics that has a long established position and yet is subject to ceaseless methodological revaluations. We ought to expect that opening the onomastic reflections to other methods and pointing to their inter- and transdisciplinary implications may provide us with interesting effects and become an inspiration for further research.The reflections gathered in this book have been assigned to issues that constitute five themes; these themes reflect the author’s interests concerning the proper names related issues.The first group encompasses the texts touching upon the general, theoretical, and synthesising issues; to specify, it encompasses the author’s proposals of approaching onomastic issues with regard to the achievements of contemporary linguistics. These approaches attempt to propose research paths widening the scope of current perspectives. The next part gathers the onomastic re-interpretations of literary works from previous epochs (mainly baroque, but also positivism and the 20th century). The third part is comprised of the texts that place onomastics in the context of gender studies, which seems to be a rare in Polish linguistics. The question of onomastic analyses of pop-cultural texts is yet another rarity. The fourth part is therefore devoted to this issue. The monograph ends with two texts functioning as a reconnaissance, concerned with chosen thematic problems in ideonymy and zoonymy (part five). They should be treated as sui generis elaboration of the main issues tackled in the book.The author has always endeavoured to put the observed onyms in a greater perspective; they are thus socioculturally contextualised, regardless of whether the observation includes theoretical issues or the empirical dimension of the onomastic analyses in specific texts and communicational spaces. The presented research proposals mainly concentrate upon possibilities of onomastic research as complementary to other domains of contemporary linguistics. What is valorised here are mainly various spaces of text linguistics, such as stylistics, linguistic genology, or discourse theory, but the author also turns to a field dear to him – historical linguistics. Therefore, a proper name here is always a sign that focuses – like a lens – tendencies and tropes of wider fields, that is, sociocultural spaces.

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Nazwy własne w najnowszej prozie polskiej – między idiolektem a problematyką współczesnej kultury
12.00 €

Nazwy własne w najnowszej prozie polskiej – między idiolektem a problematyką współczesnej kultury

Author(s): Beata Kiszka-Pytel / Language(s): Polish

The aim of the dissertation entitled Proper Names in the Newest Prose – between Idiolect and the Issues of Modern Culture is to present the functioning of the proprial sphere in the youngest Polish literature, with particular focus on chrematoma, whose presence is increasingly visible in the newest artistic texts. Onomastic analyses have been conducted and set against the backdrop of postmodernism, fluid modernity, current sociological problems and contemporary culture (including popular culture). What is researched in the individual parts of the work is the relationship between proper names in the context of the frequently discussed themes of contemporary culture, such as time, space and consumption. The chapter dedicated to the analysis of proper names versus the issues of temporality, revealed a problem of the importance of the contemporary Polish prose and its future readership in the perspective of the next decades. Is the newest literature doomed to be short lived by its preference for the onyms, due to the increasing frequency of impermanent propria in literature? Is this very volatility what has the “onymic” quickly fall prey to the archaic, that is the cause of the potential precariousness of the contemporary literature and its reluctant reception (albeit often stemming from its incomprehension)? (fragment of the summary)

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Nomina Agentis in the language of Shakespearean drama
6.00 €

Nomina Agentis in the language of Shakespearean drama

Author(s): Aleksandra Kalaga / Language(s): English

William Shakespeare is considered to be one of the most fruitful neologists in the history of the English language. Although Shakespearean scholars are at variance in their estimates of the exact number of his neologisms,1 they are in agreement that he was “a most prolific coiner of words” (Willcock, 1934, p. 12). It seems surprising, therefore, that there are so few systematic, analytic studies of Shakespearean word-formation. Such established books as Evans (1952), Jorgensen (1962), Hulme (1962), Joseph (1947) portray the vocabularyof Shakespeare merely as a tool for achieving stylistic artistry, and they are not truly linguistic in their approach.2 The most celebrated linguistic accounts of Shakespeare’s language either disregard the word-formational component altogether (Abbott, 1883; Blake, 2002), or present only a brief, general discussion of the most productive processes (Brook, 1976; Blake, 1989). The most detailed word-formational accounts are studies by Garner (1982), Dalton-Puffer(1994), and Salmon (1987). These, however, are article-length and thus do not exploit the subject in full. The present monograph is an attempt at delivering a comprehensive studyof one aspect of Shakespearean word-formation, namely the category of Nomina Agentis. The greatest weight is attached to the morphological and semantic aspects of agentive derivation. The formal analysis, which covers the combinatorial properties of the agent-forming suffixes with respect to the etymological and syntactic features of their bases, is supplemented with the study of semantic effects of a given type of nominalisation. Although the approach is primarily synchronic, diachronic information is also provided where it seems beneficial in supplying a wider context, for instance, for the further attestations of a given Shakespearean neologism, or for a contrastive juxtaposition of a Shakespearean agentive formation with the Modern English one. Conceptually, the monograph falls into two parts: the theoretical-descriptive, whose main aim is to formulate a working definition of an agent, as well as todevelop an appropriate model within the frameworks of which the study could be conducted, while the second part is the proper morphosemantic analysis of the sampled data. Structurally, the work is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 focuses on the problem of nominalisations in selected linguistic theories, such as, among others, TGG, GS, and Cognitive Linguistics. Attention is drawn both to those aspects of a given grammar which could profitably be employed in the study of nominalisations, as well as to the problems and difficulties stemming from the holistic application of a given model. The selection of the frameworks discussed in the chapter has been made with a view to develop the methodology that could be successfully applied to the analysis of the data sampled in the corpus of Shakespeare’s plays.Chapter 2 discusses the notion of productivity in word-formation. Different modes of the conceptualisation, operationalisation, and evaluation of productivity are surveyed, and a special emphasis is put on the problem of estimating the productivity of a given process in historical language studies. The following two chapters (3 and 4) relate Nomina Agentis to the theory of categorisation. It is shown how the prototype semantics, developed originallyby Eleanor Rosch and subsequently borrowed by cognitive linguists, can be employedto deal with fuzzy boundaries between some linguistic categories, like, for example, Nomina Agentis and Nomina Instrumenti. The theory also proves effective in incorporating denominal performers of actions into the category of agents (the problem is discussed in Chapter 4). Chapter 4 also discusses finer distinctions within subject nominalisations, for example, the notion of an experiencer. A brief survey of Modern English methods of deriving agent nounscan also be found here. Chapter 5 presents a linguistic and extralinguistic background of EarlyModern English. It provides an insight into external and internal factors that shaped the language of the Shakespearean epoch. The chapter focuses on issues directly connected with word-building and word meaning, hence the discussion of internal features of the language has been restricted to word-formation and semantic changes.Chapter 6 is the empirical part of the study, where Shakespearean agent-forming techniques are presented and analysed. Each suffix is studied from both the formal and the semantic perspective. An attempt at evaluating the productivity of a given process is also made.Since, as has been shown in Chapter 1, none of the currently available theories is inclusive enough to deal with the complex aspects of nominalisations, I have adopted a rather eclectic approach, the core of which constitutes the Generative Semantics framework enriched with the prototype theory attitude towards category membership, while the formal analysis is performed in conformity with the basic tenets of TGG.The corpus has been compiled from The first folio of Shakespeare: The Norton facsimile (2nd ed.), and the Arden Edition of Shakespeare’s Plays (second, and, where available, third editions). The etymological information, as well as the glosses, are cited after the OED. Line numbering and quotations are from the Arden Shakespeare. The glosses are illustrated with exemplary references. I have not provided references to all the occurrences of a given sense in the corpus, as presenting a complete typological compilation is not the aim of this study. (Introduction)

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Ocenianie i pomiar biegłości językowej. Wybrane aspekty teoretyczne i praktyczne
13.00 €

Ocenianie i pomiar biegłości językowej. Wybrane aspekty teoretyczne i praktyczne

Author(s): / Language(s): English,French,Polish

The volume deals with various aspects of student assessment and language proficiency in the glottodidactic process, as well as problems faced by foreign language teachers at different stages of education. This volume includes texts by Authors who are researchers of learning and teaching processes at an academic level, as well as those who are more oriented towards practical considerations regarding the evaluation of language proficiency in the context of language learning at university classes or at school. The monograph covers two main thematic areas: the issue of different forms of evaluation and validation processes of language measurement tools, and presents the problems faced by teachers in specific cases, illustrating them with possible solutions through the use of innovative forms of student evaluation. The monograph includes interesting material both in theoretical and practical aspects. This volume is aimed at teachers of glottodactics at different levels of foreign language teaching, who are offered new solutions for the evaluation of language proficiency in different learning contexts.

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Polish and English diminutives in literary translation: Pragmatic and cross-cultural perspectives
6.00 €

Polish and English diminutives in literary translation: Pragmatic and cross-cultural perspectives

Author(s): Paulina Biały / Language(s): English

The book is devoted to the translation of diminutives from Polish and English into English and Polish, respectively. The author considers the pragmatic, cultural and sociolinguistic context of using diminutives in both languages, as well as the linguistic means of forming diminutives by analytic and synthetic mechanisms. The state of research indicates the necessity of conducting a cross-sectional analysis of the problems associated with diminutives, especially the problems associated with the influence of culture upon the occurrence of these elements in a given language. Even though many authors discussed the morphological processes which serve the creation of diminutives, less attention was devoted to the problems of translatorial equivalence of diminutives or to the pragmatic aspects of their use in conversation. The book is intended for linguists, theoreticians and practitioners of translation, researchers of the meeting points of culture and language and sociolinguists.

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Polski język motoryzacyjny początku XXI wieku (na materiale portali hobbystycznych)
7.00 €

Polski język motoryzacyjny początku XXI wieku (na materiale portali hobbystycznych)

Author(s): Wioletta Wilczek / Language(s): Polish

The work contains a linguistic analysis of automotive portals which are examples of hobbyists websites. The linguistic material was drawn from general automotive portals and portals intended for women. The examples are not uniform as far as their form is concerned – they originate from various links of web portals, therefore they are represented by various genres of expression and their quality varies. The source of description constitutes aboveall articles, statements of users expressed in fora, tests of cars and opinions thereof, pieces of advice, interviews, editorials and commentaries. The two main research perspectives involve gender linguistics and sociolinguistics. The selection of the research perspective was determined by the peculiar nature of the material – the content and the purpose of portals distinctly determined the methods of description. The main problems associated with the theoretical and methodological contexts are presented in the first part of the work. The context of internet communication enabled the author to introduce the concept of cybergender i.e. the gender which functions on the Internet. The second chapter contains a description of the material. This chapter presents general information about automotive portals (against the background of internet websites of hobbyists) and the webpages which are analysed in the work. The description also involves the genre field of the automotive portal.The subsequent two parts of the monograph, divided according to the research perspectives, constitute an analytical part. The dominant area of analysis as far as genre linguistics is concerned has to do with the linguistic values which are ascribed to women and men and the possibilities of transcending these values i.e. most frequently the occurrence of a given property in a representative of the opposite sex. The two most common shifts in this respect has to do with the emotionality and expressiveness of the language of men and the expertise and professionalism of the language of women. One of the important aspects of research turned out to be the category of the stereotype associated with the beliefs about a given gender. In this respect one of the more important points has to do with the pejorative image of the woman driver which consists of a number of elements which inform about the poor abilities of the fair sex in the area of driving a vehicle. The components of this stereotype include e.g. difficulties in parking a vehicle, confusion of the left/right directions, insufficient driving speed, careless manoeuvres, enhancement of one’s makeup and holding a telephone conversation while driving a vehicle. The prevalence of opinions which negatively qualify women drivers is testimony of the permanence of gender stereotypes associated with motorisation.The group of users of automotive portals was treated as a social group and the vocabularywhich is peculiar to this group appears to be an element of a sociolect. In the part whichis devoted to the sociolinguistic level the most important lexical and semantic fields in thecontext of the automotive sociolect were distinguished. Among the groups which were analysed we may mention e.g.: terms which refer to cars and motorcycles, brands and models of vehicles, vocabulary associated with using a vehicle, the elements of a car or a motorcycle,the professions associated with motorisation. Taking into consideration the grammaticalcontext determined the most productive means of expressing: diminutives and terms ofendearment, neologisms, neosemanticisms or borrowings. The thematic areas which arepresented determine the areas of interest and communication of the portal users, and theyalso indicate the sources of automotive vocabulary. The expressivity of many forms is testimony of the role of motorisation in the lives of users and of the emotional relationshipbetween a vehicle and its owner, which is expressed also by animisation and anthropomorphisation of cars and motorcycles. The research which was conducted revealed a complex area of vocabulary associated with motorisation and the variety of linguistic means which occur in the said sociolect.The analysis of selected automotive portals emphasised the basic problems which arecrucial from the perspective of car- and motorcycle-related themes, and the aspects whichare frequently mentioned on the aforementioned websites. The division into general portalsand women-oriented portals was the reason for the sharper distinction of the category ofgender and gender-related stereotypes. The female profiling of the sender and the receiveris testimony to the existence of automotive themes in the lives of women and of the fact thatwomen engage these themes from a female perspective which emphasises elements whichare crucial for them (e.g. maternity or beauty). Women-oriented portals are also a field ofstruggle with stereotypes and the means of popularising automotive knowledge among therepresentatives of the female sex.However, many examples prove that there is only one gender in the world of cars andmotorcycles – the gender of a good driver. The complexity and the variety of themes determined the choice of crucial problems, motivated by an attempt at creating a wide spectrum of problems associated with web hobbysts portals associated with motorisation.

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Polskie i rosyjskie czasowniki jedzenia. Studium leksykalno-semantyczne
14.00 €

Polskie i rosyjskie czasowniki jedzenia. Studium leksykalno-semantyczne

Author(s): Agnieszka Gasz / Language(s): Polish

The following thesis belongs to the field of lexical-semantic studies. It aims at a confrontative description of Polish and Russian verbs relating to the physiological domain of eating. Verbs denoting the function of eating (in both Polish and Russian linguistics) remain a relatively unexplored and least described lexical category. The present work attempts to identify these verbs and perform their semantic analysis using tools created on the grounds of structural, cognitive and cultural semantics.The analysis consists of three stages. It is performed separately for each subject group. Each research stage is summarised and comparative conclusions are presented. The first stage explicates the meaning structure of Polish and Russian eating verbs, exposed through their decomposition into simpler semantic components (a componential paradigmatic analysis). Next, out of the field of eating verbs, non-synonymous expressions are singled out, grouped into synsets (sets of synonyms). Then, the basic contexts of their occurrence are identified (a componential syntagmatic analysis). The second stage illustrates the fundamental mechanisms of the occurrence of metaphorical meanings on the example of verbs central to the field of eating (a lexical subcategorization, conceptual metaphors). The third stage recreates the more important non-definitional content associated with the base verbs of eating and their expressive synonyms (semantic connotations). The observation of the most common idiomatic expressions, proverbs in which these verbs occur and a review of the representative groups of expressive synonyms have also allowed to make an attempt at reconstructing a fragment of linguistic image of eating reinforced by these synonyms.Apart from an introduction and conclusions the work includes two basic parts: theory and research which are further divided into chapters and subchapters. The first chapter is devoted to the discussion of the current state of research into verbs of eating. The second chapter presents a framework for their description. A detailed description of the selected class of verbs (analysed in three main approaches) is found in the third analytical chapter. Findings of the conducted comparative are presented in appendixes. They can be used in academic didactics in preparation of teaching and learning resources for learners of Russian or Polish as a foreign language, compiling monolingual or bilingual dictionaries as well as in translation.

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Polskie wyrażenia o funkcji dopowiedzeniowej – historia i współczesność
7.00 €

Polskie wyrażenia o funkcji dopowiedzeniowej – historia i współczesność

Author(s): Magdalena Pastuch / Language(s): Polish

The monograph is devoted to the topic of language expressions which function in Polish as self-standing answers to decision questions. In terms of research material, the work does not restrict it to a single selected period, but rather obtains it from various epochs, since the paramount purpose of the presented research is to describe the dynamics of language development, and therefore assigning particular language facts to corresponding historical periods is here of a lesser significance. What is the most important here is searching for certain patterns along with historical justifications facilitating a functional shift in uttering of a given expression (e.g. naturalnie (adverb) > naturalnie (particle) > naturalnie (self-standing answer to a decision question)). The purpose of the presented investigations is eliciting expressions which appear in the function of self-standing answers to decision questions, defining their relation with homonymous forms occurring in other functions, and identifying the historical sources of their contemporary semantic values. Moreover, the attempts are made to indicate mechanisms of creating new expressions with a polar answer function.The work’s structure is entirely derivative of the semantic criterion, therefore, the language units/expressions which are subsequently discussed include: units/expressions which answer decision questions, express disagreement or lack of consent, or negate the content expressed by preceding decision question (Chapter III); then there are discussed units/expressions which stand as autonomous expressions of agreement/consent or an affirmative answer to a decision question (Chapter IV). The final research material-based chapter (V) describes the units which express various degree of the interlocutor’s unsureness in relation to a question asked. The semantics of the sequences under analysis is encapsulated by the following paralocutions [phrases expressing analogous content]: ‘yes, I agree with what my interlocutor has said’ / ‘yes, I confirm what my interlocutor has said’ or ‘no, I do not agree / no, I do not confirm’; in the case of units expressing unsureness, the generalised meaning is the following: ‘the unsureness (of a judgement) in relation to the question asked by another participant of a dialogue (the previous speaker)’. The research material-based chapters have been designed according to similar pattern, so that a reader can compare both historical and lexicographic knowledge related to the topic of expressions selected for description with the conducted interpretations.I approach the development of a new function as a kind of functional derivation. The material gathered testifies to the fact that in many cases a polar answer function is created based on a particle which, in turn, is derived from a homonymous adverb (e.g. oczywiście, absolutnie). The transitions of the said kind are sometimes accompanied by mechanism visible in surface structure, that is, ellipsis and composition. The former is among others represented by być może > może, as illustrated by the following examples:Miałby pan kłopoty, prawda? Być może. Kloss nie tracił spokoju.Co, miałaś wizje religijne? – Może.While an example of composition as a mechanism resulting in expressions with a polar answer function are contemporary colloquial answers to decision questions, for instance:Czy jak się spotykasz z przyjaciółmi, to oferujesz im granie na konsoli? No raczej.Gorzałka. Chcesz? No chyba.The point of departure for the provided descriptions of answers to decision questions is always semantics, yet complemented with pragmatic information in accordance with the cumulative pragmatic theory. The foregoing assumption mainly necessitates referring to the semantic values of particles which have become a basis of a polar answer function’s development. Epistemic particles are naturally predisposed to this aim, since they comment upon epistemic acts, that is, operate within the realm of knowledge. In the case of answer to decision questions, so a answer that occurs in a dialogue, it is necessary to specify that such a commentary, which conveys the sender’s information regarding the level of sureness, in fact refers to a question from the dialogue. This very reservation bars some of the epistemic particles from becoming polar answers. Since an interrogative sentence is neither a sentence in the understanding of logic, nor is it a judgement, answers to decision questions may, therefore, originate from both the particles implying that a given state of affairs is actual (e.g. na pewno) and from the particles devoid of the mentioned feature (e.g. chyba). However, particles implying factuality of a given judgement may not be, for the reasons already stated, basis for polar answers (e.g. faktycznie). Also units which, from today’s point of view, qualify as instances of meta-textual commentary, constitute bases for their usage as polar answers (e.g. ba).

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