Series:Językoznawstwo

Układ wielkości organizacyjnych. Koncepcja metodologiczna badania rzeczywistości organizacyjnej

Author(s): Olaf Flak / Language(s): Polish

Reasons for raising the issueMethodological problems of management science are the subject of lively discussion and interest of many contemporary representatives in management science. The discussion about the identity of management science and its methodological assumptions dates back to 1961, when H. Koontz stimulated the awareness of organizational reality researchers with the concept of a „management theory jungle”, meaning a disordered way of practicing management science with its growing ontological and epistemological controversies. Although several decades have passed since then, „we‘re still dealing with the management theory jungle, and it‘s even more extensive and vivid than ever before”. Some authors emphasize that the current situation of management science represents a crisis of these sciences, especially their philosophical and methodological foundations. S. Sułkowski even writes that this science has neither „theories nor rights, nor even a substitute for the scientific method”. The first reason for undertaking the work on the system of organizational terms as a methodological concept of management science was the fact that on the one hand, unresolvedmethodological problems in management science are subject to criticism, and on the otherhand, there is a certain degree of reconciliation with the permanent state of the “managementtheory jungle”. The second reason was the specific problems of this science, including: a dilemma whether management science belongs to idiographic or nomothetic sciences; domination of the organizational reality research based on situations at certain moments of time, which leads to a static and only temporary assessment of this reality; creation of theory in management science under the clear influence of the researcher‘s evaluation of the elements of these theories; increasing diversity of the understanding of concepts; incommensurability of the entire scientific discipline, especially in the field of methods of conducting research and interpretation of their results.The third reason of raising the issue, which, unlike the two previous ones, concernsmore with the future than the past, is the progressive digitization and automation of themodern world. Already in 1967, P. Drucker wrote that computer systems (then – „computers“– an author‘s note) would not only serve to collect information, but the algorithmswritten in them would be able to replace managers over time. Although it has not happenedyet, IT systems fill and automate more and more areas of human life, and thus, alsomanager‘s work.Research problemThe research problem, which was stated after the preliminary literature studies and after determining the reasons to raise the issue, can be presented by means of the following research question: can there be a comprehensive, coherent and formalized methodological concept of the management science which allows practicing this science in a way that solves current problems of this science?Three concepts included in this question should be clarified. First of all, the condition was made that the concept should be comprehensive. It means that it should cover all or most of the issues necessary for practicing science, such as ontological and epistemological assumptions, defined elements of science, ways of using the language, methods of inference, etc. Secondly, the assumption in the research question states that the methodological concept should be coherent, and therefore internally consistent and internally complementary. Thirdly, the concept should be formalized, so there should be strictly defined rules on how to apply individual elements of the concept, defined either in details or in the form of universal and scaled principles.Subject of researchThe subject of this book is therefore a comprehensive, coherent and formalized methodological concept of management science, whose tasks have been identified in the mentioned research problem. The essence of this concept is to represent organizational reality with certain terms, just as physical phenomena can be represented by units and their corresponding physical quantities in the SI system. However, it should be emphasized that due to the ontological and epistemological conditions of management science, the SI system is only an analogy of the created concept, and from the point of view of the chronology of work on this concept, it was the author‘s inspiration to raise the above mentioned research problem. The core of the methodological concept of management science is the organizationalterms, which were divided into primary and derivative as a result of an analysis of ontological conditions. Organizational terms represent facts occurring in the organizational reality, and these facts correspond to the ontological conception of being, widely accepted in the philosophy of science. As a result of combining this type of ontological conditions and a farreaching analogy, which is the SI system, the name of the developed methodological concept was created – the system of organizational terms.This work is therefore a voice in the discussion on the need for new methods of studyingthe organizational reality. Perhaps the use of the system of organizational terms as a methodological concept of management science will also allow for the creation of more humanindependent systems of management organization which, in certain situations, will be able to replace a human manager with a more effective robot manager.

Various Dimensions of Contrastive Studies (całość)

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The collective monograph entitled Various Dimensions of Contrastive Studies contains nineteen articles written by researchers from university centres in Poland and other European countries. The authors analyse mainly data from English and Polish, including also linguistic material from other Germanic or Slavic languages, as well as from Romanic, Celtic, Altaic and Finno-Ugric languages. The chapters that make up the first part of this volume discuss the theoretical issues of the phonological, morphological or syntactic system of the languages being compared. The chapters in the second part focus on lexical issues, referring, among others, to the mechanism of conceptual metaphor and specialist terminology. The third part contains chapters on academic discourse, on the relationships between culture and language, and on the process of acquiring a foreign language. The monograph presents a variety of research problems in the field of contrastive linguistics. It is also an illustration of the variety of research methods and theoretical assumptions adopted by the authors of the texts. The book is addressed to linguists engaged in contrastive research (in various theoretical approaches). It can also be useful for philology students and other readers interested in language contact and linguistic diversity.

Voces y caminos en la enseñanza de español/LE: desarrollo de las identidades en el aula

Author(s): / Language(s): Spanish

The monograph „Voces y caminos en la enseñanza de español /LE: desarrollo de las identidades en el aula”, intends to present a variety of research conducted in contemporary methodology of Spanish language teaching, which concerns the shaping and the development of identity. It contains twelve chapters, written by authors representing Polish and foreign universities, which are dedicated to both theoretical considerations found in part one, as well as concrete proposals of using the research in glottodidactic practice, which are described in part two.The first part of the publication is opened by the text written by Eva Álvarez Ramos i Carmen Romero Claudio, devoted to individual development and its influence over intercultural education. In further sections, R. Sergio Balches Arenas and Magdalena Słowik present new proposals for methodology of a Spanish lesson, on the basis of a comparative analysis of dimunitives in Spanish and Polish. Mª del Carmen García Manga exaplains the motivational mechanisms in shaping and creating lexis. Justyna Hadaś analyses introspection as the main strategy for teaching culture.. Antonio María López González, discusses the role of observation in the work of a teacher. Manuel Fco. Romero Oliva, i Ester Trigo Ibáñez present educating of new readers. José María Santos Rovira discusses the role of the teacher as a motivator in foreign language learning and Bożena Wisłocka Breit focuses on MOOC’s type courses and discusses their possible uses in teaching Spanish. The second part of the volume contains suggestions for using the academic research in Spanish language teaching, and the articcles are written by: Roland Campos López, Rafael Fernández Jiménez, Hugo Heredia Ponce, Fátim aQuirós Rivero, Monika Ciesielkiewicz, Raúl Fernández Jódar i Joanna Fernández.

W krajobraz literacko-kulturowy i językowy wpisane… Księga jubileuszowa dedykowana Profesor Bernadecie Niesporek-Szamburskiej w czterdziestolecie pracy naukowej i dydaktycznej (całość)

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

: In the academic community, an anniversary publication is an academic volume which constitutes a special expression of appreciation to the researcher to whom it is dedicated. Forty years of academic work of Professor Bernardeta Niesporek-Szamburska became an inspiration for her friends, co-workers and students to prepare an anniversary publication The texts collected in this volume a varied both in terms of themes and with respect to genres – they include articles grounded in different areas of research (literary studies, linguistics, didactics of language teaching and literature teaching), essays, personal expressions directed towards the Jubilarian. The authors of the articles employ different methodologies and research tools, and the subjects of their interpretations are different texts (created by children, and also about children and for children).The articles were collected in three chapters: Literary and cultural landscape... (14 articles, including ones on linguistic poetry, phraseology and paremiology in Wanda Chotomska’s poetry, stereotypes of ethnic otherness in interwar literature for children and young adults, poems for children by Joanna Mueller, the motif of the donkey in The Four Musicians of Bremen and other cultural texts, the activity of a student motivated by required reading, the image of a mother in the story Po kamienistej drodze by Gustaw Morcinek), Linguistic Landscape... (16 articles, including ones on the linguistic culture of Polish people, the means of popularizing linguistic correctness among the young users of language, functional shaping of language, developing the skills of speaking, stimulating linguistic creativity of children, orthography, research on the linguistic image of the world of children and young adults), Landscape different to all others...(7 articles devoted to, among others, academic education and the development of didactic competencies of teachers, models of perceiving disability by authors of Polish Language textbooks, digital technology in modern schools) in order to, on the one hand, demonstrate the richness and variety of research connected with Polish language and teacher education and, on the other, to indicate the broad field of interests of Professor Bernardeta Niesporek-Szamburska, her academic quests, landscapes passed along her research journeys.The book is addressed to Polish language scholars, students of Polish philology, teachers of Polish language and literature and pedagogues.

Wybieram gramatykę! Dla cudzoziemców zaawansowanych na poziomie C i dla studentów kierunków filologicznych. Wyd. 3. popr.

Author(s): Małgorzata Kita / Language(s): Polish

The textbook is intended for people who already familiarised themselves (at least with the rudiments) of the Polish grammatical system, for people to whom this system is no longer alien and who went through the process of overcoming the difficulties of Polish morphology. The author focuses on the practical application of grammar. The book consists of four parts each of which presents the particular levels of the language: the sound, inflectional, word-formative and syntactical systems. Each part is accompanied by a reference index of the equivalents of basic Polish grammatical terms in four languages: English, French, German and Russian. The index is arranged according to subjects. Grammatical information should be treated as a synthetic presentation of a repository of the grammatical instruments and mechanisms of the Polish language. By indicating the grammatical regularities and the mechanisms of the Polish language the author directs the reader’s attention also to more subtle phenomena, the niceties of grammar, the awareness of which and the familiarity with which as well as the purposeful application in communicative practice render the language which is studied more and more familiar.The difficulty curve of the exercises is varied: apart from easy exercises there are also such exercises which demand considerable intellectual effort, so that the reader who engages them does not fall into the trap of repetitive rote-learning and that his or her approach to the tasks that he or she is set is creative, that the reader who solves grammatical problems of varying complexity does not perceive himself or herself as the object of study but a partner of this fascinating form of social interaction that is the process of acquiring a language. At the other side of the book – by the intermediation of the author and her suggestions as well as of the suggestions of an optional teacher, who is going to engage directly with the student – is the LANGUAGE itself and the cultural heritage of Polish people which is expressed in this language. Hence the selection of the literary texts (which constitute an exemplification of the particular grammatical phenomena), which were drawn from the Polish literary output. These excerpts manifest a linguistic, stylistic, content-based, emotional and (partially) chronological variety.

Zaburzenia płynności mowy – teoria i praktyka Tom 2

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Zur Klassifizierung der Prädikative

Author(s): Justyna Dolińska / Language(s): German

The problems of classification of predicatives and related terminology remain unresolved. Which constructions should be included in this category and how to label their types? And how to call these elements that do not fall under the umbrella term of the predicative? This book classifies and provides terminology for predicative constructions on the basis of an analysis of selected grammars of German. To obtain a better insight into the problem area, some relevant aspects of the Polish language are also taken into consideration. The analysis of selected grammars focuses on words and word-groups which function as predicatives. The findings present a complex picture of various approaches to predicative expressions. This multiplicity of viewpoints results from different criteria of classification adopted in the literature and from the complexity of the problem itself.

Греческие корни в лексическом составе русского и польского языков (семантический, словообразовательно-морфологический и стилистический аспекты)

Author(s): Maciej Walczak / Language(s): Russian

The object of research in the following work are the autonomous lexical units (for instance: dramat, estetyka, technika, technologia, energia, energetyka, etc. with their derivatives) and the root morphemes borrowed from the Greek language (bio-, cyber-, eko-, ekono-, elektro-, and mega-) in the structure of selected parts of speech in Polish and Russian. The object of analysis are semantic, morphological-derivational and stylistic features of these parts of speech in the Polish-Russian confrontation. The choice of the research subject was dictated by the need to describe in detail a selected fragment of lexis of related languages with regard to the influence of foreign elements on their vocabulary, and furthermore, their evolution and expansion into other areas of the linguistic system. This choice is even more justified regarding the lack of specific Polish-Russian studies on the subject (with an emphasis on the most recent phenomena in both languages). The existing and quite extensive literature discussed in chapter one allows us to draw the conclusion that borrowings were first and foremost studied as lexical phenomena. These issues were also often analysed in terms of the word formation, morphology and adaptation processes of the foreign elements. The questions of borrowings in phraseology and dialectology have been described to a lesser extent. It should be noted that the borrowings from Greek constitute quite a large body in the lexis of the Russian language. Therefore, they have been more thoroughly and broadly reflected in Russian linguistic literature than in Polish. Moreover, different methods were applied for the analysis of the borrowings, as well as not always coinciding typologies and classifications. In chapter two of the following dissertation, we managed to discover, unlike analogical comparative studies, the potential conceptual mechanisms affecting the synonymy of the foreign morphemes (mega-, super, hiper- and ekstra-) not only with their native counterparts, but also with other evaluative phrases (mainly positive). It seems that we have also explained the question of collocations, in both languages, of the lexoid mega- with appropriate nouns (against the background of Greek). These collocations may stem from its two established main meanings vectorial and scalar, depending on whether it collocates with a concrete or abstract noun. The vectorial meaning is hereby understood as a feature related to space, that is as size oriented horizontally (length, width) and vertically (height), like mega bluza, mega kolczyki; мега сборник, мега карандаш. The scalar meaning, on the other hand, is interpreted as a feature manifesting itself through intensity (for example mega energia, mega masa, and mega moc). Furthermore, in this chapter, we have proposed a classification of lexemes with morphemes of our interest according to meaning (e.g. in different contexts, the adjective электронный / elektroniczny can be interpreted as: 1.‘Internet’; 2. ‘virtual’ – that is materially nonexistent; 3. ‘computer’; 4. ‘related to electronics’ – а) ‘a field of science’, b) ‘equipment’. In addition, semantic parallelisms have been indicated between the parts of speech containing the discussed morphemes and the lexemes regarded as their synonyms (e.g. экологичный / ekologiczny = зелёный / zielony) or antonyms (e.g. Polish eko- ≠ techno-).