Фразеологизмы как компонент лексической компетенции иностранных граждан в изучении русского языка

Author(s): Natalia Pavlovna Andryushina / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The Russian testing system of Russian as a foreign language (RFL) is successfully operating for two decades. However, the levels of Russian language proficiency are still not described with sufficient completeness and validity. In the article the problem of reflection in the regulations of lexical competence, which is a system consisting of several components, is considered. One of the most important components are the idioms and set expressions. To form a tiered phraseological minimum is the most important task of the RFL specialists. This work proposes solutions to some theoretical and practical problems in the determining the scope and content of the phraseological lows.

Фразеологические единицы, обладающие функционально-смысловой соотнесенностью : (на материале русского и польского языкoв)

Author(s): Wojciech Kamiński / Language(s): Russian Issue: IV/1999

Фразеологични и фразеологизирани предикативни конструкции (наблюдения върху българо-руски паралели)

Author(s): Maria Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The study examines idioms comprising predicatives and idiomatized predicative constructions as a subtype of the predicative constructions in Bulgarian. Their description is part of a typology of predicative constructions devised as part of an effort to model an ontology of state predicates. The analysis is based on the hypothesis that predicative constructions are lexical units, part of predicative structures, whose features place them on the border between morphology and syntax. These units share specific functions and semantics, and some of them are subject to lexicographic description. Data on predicative structure groups were extracted from various linguistic resources using the classification of predicative constructions in Bulgarian described in Todorova et al. (2021). The subtypes of predicative constructions with phraseological semantics – phraseologized predicative constructions and phraseological predicative constructions – are examined and discussed in light of the Bulgarian-Russian parallel examples.

Фразеология как средство выражения национальной ментальности : (безэквивалентная фразеология восточнославянскииx языков)

Author(s): Michaił Aleksiejenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: I/1996

ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЗМИ ЯК ЗАСІБ ФОРМУВАННЯ МОНОЛОГІЧНОГО МОВЛЕННЯ ІНОЗЕМНИХ СТУДЕНТІВ У ПРОЦЕСІ НАВЧАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ

Author(s): Olexandra Fedorova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2017

Idiom study presents a special language problem for all language learners because the figurative meaning is unpredictable. The Ukrainian language being very flexible constantly enriches its vocabulary with words invented by language speakers, making it more colorful with new Phraseological units expressions, and, at times, refills its stocks with the borrowings and neologisms. Ukrainian just amazes by its extraordinary linguistic diversity. The subject determined the choice of research methodologies: theoretical (analysis of scientific and methodological literature, textbooks, programs for foreign students, study and synthesis of long-term pedagogical experience, modeling of the learning process); empirical (purposeful observation of the educational process, analysis of oral and written sentences of foreign students). Scientific novelty. For the first time there have been presented the importance of phraseological units, or idioms, represent what can be described as the most picturesque and expressive part of the language's vocabulary and to the problem of using phraseological units in speaking of upper-intermediate students. Examples of suitable exercises are presented in the article. It is share cultural and historical information and broaden people’s understanding and manipulation of a language. Idioms are always something special about any language; they build up some distinctive features which differ one language from another. What is more, phraseological units reflect certain cultural traditions and depict the national character. They are not a separate part of the language which one can choose either to use or to omit, but they form an essential part of the general vocabulary of Ukrainian. In order to understand a language, we must know what the idioms in that language mean. If we try to figure out the meaning of an idiom literally, word by word, we will get befuddled. We have to know its hidden meaning. Because of phraseological units, learning a language can be complicated. Conclusions. It has been proved that the sheer number of idioms and their high frequency in discourse make them an important aspect of vocabulary acquisition and language learning in general. One of the approaches to defining this linguistic phenomenon stresses that an idiom is a manner of speaking that is natural to native speakers of the language. It proves that only students who are very good at speaking Ukrainian can adequately and to the point use idiomatic expressions in their speech. Ukrainian is a language with a vast idiomatic basis, which makes its learning very exciting and intriguing. So grasping the use of idioms is an essential part of learning Ukrainian.

Фразеологічний мінімум – основа навчального фразеологічного словника

Author(s): Halyna Kuz / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 37-38/2019

The article touches upon the proven by Slavonic scientists approaches used to form phraseological (paremiological) minima. Under analysis are the following methods used to determine such minima: sociolinguistic experiment, method of direct observation, corpus-based method, -as well as scientific results acquired by their means. The author specifies the criteria to determine phraseological minimum as an exhaustive list of phraseological units, necessary for foreigners to learn language at different levels.

Фразеологічні інновації української мови в медіалінгвістичному висвітленні

Author(s): Dmytro Syzonov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2018

This paper focuses on interpretations of the term phraseological innovations or new phraseology. According to international stylistics, the latter are considered fixed linguistic units of idiomatic nature. The author presents the main conceptions of research targeting new phraseological units, and reviews the main sources of origin of new phraseological constructs, particularly those which are related to mass media. Conditions of functioning of new media phraseological units as sociopolitical, ethnographic, cultural, and educational markers are also considered. New phraseological constructs are analyzed in the scope of functional, stylistic, cognitive, and psycholinguistic aspects, which proves the topicality of this field of linguistic research. Particular focus is made on extralingual and intralingual factors causing creation of new phraseological units. Conditions stimulating wider use of phraseology in the mass media and its influence on Ukrainian language evolution are investigated in the paper.

Фразеологія проповідей Антонія Радивиловського

Author(s): Vasil Denisyuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2012

This paper studies the use of particular phraseology of the Ukrainian language in the 17th century in a specific text. The development of semantic structure in phraseological units is analyzed, with regard to the comparison of literary and folk sources.

Фразеологія художніх творів закарпатоукраїнського письменника Дмитра Кешелі

Author(s): Natalia Venzhynovych / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2022

The article focuses on phrase description in the works of art by Dmytro Keshelia, denoting the life, manners and customs of the Transcarpathians, their positions in society and also interpersonal relations, deeds, behaviour, quality, the state of an object, phenomenon. It has been found that his skill turns out to be both in the choice of phrases, renewal and extension of phraseological contexts and connections, in a neat feeling of a semantic and stylistic peculiarities of general language phrases and in creating new author units, being the basic feature of his idiolect and replenish the phraseological stock of the dialect as well as the Ukrainian literary language. As a result of the study the author affirms, that D. Keshelia neatly transformed set phrases in his works of art, fundamentally interspersing special features of his native patois in them. She comes to the conclusion that there are a lot of picturesque phrases, reflecting contacts among people, the attitude to one another and the description of one character by another.

ФРАЗЕОЛОШКИ СТАТУС КОНСТРУКЦИЈЕ СА ЗНАЧЕЊЕМ ОДЗВОНИЛО ЈЕ НЕКОМЕ/НЕЧЕМУ У СЛОВЕНСКИМ ЈЕЗИЦИМА

Author(s): Zdravko M. Babić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

This paper investigates the use of the construction with the meaning Оdzvonilo je nekome/nečemu and its phraseological characteristics in Serbian, Croatian, Slovenian, Czech and Slovak. Regardless of the specific differences between these languages, in terms of the lexicographic nature of this construction, our analysis has shown that the construction with the meaning Оdzvonilo je nekome/nečemu in all these languages is used in the same or almost the same contexts. This expression is most often used in publications, particularly in newspaper headings, which represent the most expressive part of the text. As this expression does not have the status of phraseologism in the said languages, our main goal was to draw attention to the characteristics that, in our opinion, provide it with such a status. These are, primarily, a complex process of creation (ellipsis, metonymy, and metaphor), pronounced expressiveness, the possibility of using a full and truncated form of the perfect with the meaning related to what is yet expected or hinted, and impersonal form.

Фразео-семантическое поле и возможности его сопоставления в двуязычном плане (на материале русского и чешского языков и микрополя ≪ум, талант≫)

Author(s): Tomat Jadlovskij / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2001

Идея классификации лексического запаса языка по предметным группам была известна уже в средневековье и находит своё отражение во фразеологии до сих пор. Повышенный интерес к разработке фразеологии с указанной точки зрения появился в 60-ые годы и с этого времени продолжается и углубляется. В работах А. М. Эмировой, одного из основоположников этого направления фразеологии, объясняется необходимость выделить фразео-семантические поля так, чтобы фразеологизмы, в основном, покрывали участки действительности, связанные с человеческой оценкой реалий. По её мнению, полевой анализ позволяет более адекватно описать связь языка с действительностью. Цель статьи - представить возможную разработку фразео-семантического поля по принципу структурации поля по семантическим признакам. В последующей структурации поля учитываются логические понятия и вычленяются семантические поля, формирование которых проводится на основе ведущего семантического компонента, который выявляется из словарного толкования значения фразеологической единицы. Нет сомнений в том. что при вычленении большой семантической группы появляются единицы, которые могут быть включены и в другие отделы, т. е. некоторые фразеологизмы являются промежуточными с точки зрения отдельных групп. Во фразео-семантическое поле входят фразеологизмы с разным лексико-грамматическим значением, но имеющие общий семантический компонент.

ФРАНКО І РОСІЙСЬКА ЛІТЕРАТУРА: ВПЛИВ НА СВІТОГЛЯД, КРИТИКА, ІНТЕРТЕКСТУАЛЬНІ ЗВ’ЯЗКИ, ПЕРЕКЛАД (до 160-річчя від дня народження письменника)

Author(s): Tatiana Kosmeda / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 5/2017

The article focuses on the contracted pieces of information on the influence of the Russian literature on the formation of I. Franko’s outlook, his esthetic style. The contacts between I. Franko and Russian writers have been analyzed. The points of view of I. Franko on the works and the activity of the Russian authors have been characterized. I. Franko’s interpretation of the role of the Russian literature in the world context has been highlighted. The actualization of the intertextuality phenomenon, that is projected on the Russian literature in the works of I. Franko, has been analyzed. The translation activity of I. Franko, concerning the transformation of Russian works in the Ukrainian language and the transformation of his fiction works in the Russian linguistic culture, has been characterized.

Французские заимствования в русской фразеологии xviii века

Author(s): Alexander Bierich / Language(s): Russian Issue: 124/2008

The present article is devoted to different types of French phraseological borrowings in the Russian language of the 18th century. Lexical borrowings mostly preserve their material content in the borrowing language, whereas phraseological units as a rule become loantranslations. Due to this fact it is complicated to prove whether the given phraseological unit is a borrowing or not. The present article suggests a methodology for differentiation of phraseological loan-translations from the parallel idiomatic units that appeared directly in the borrowing language. On the basis of the suggested methodology the author determines the structure of French borrowings in the Russian phraseology of the 18th century.

Функции языка и проблемы эквивалентности терми‑ нов в области социальной работы (в русско-чешском сопоставительном плане)

Author(s): Zdenka Vychodilova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2021

The main aim of this article is to highlight the strong pragmalinguistic potential of language as a means of communication in social work and the potential problems of Czech-Russian translation of terminology in this field. Using the material of Russian-Czech terminological equivalents covering the semantic field of “social work”, the author attempts, on the one hand, to illustrate some functions of language in the field under study, on the other hand, to point out a certain interlingual asymmetry in the terminological apparatus of Russian and Czech languages. Last but not least, the author focuses on the growing tendency towards the observance of the ethical principles and correctness of expression in the studied area.

Функционална субституция на неафрикатен с африкатен обструент в устната практика на френския и българския език

Author(s): Veska Kirilova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The present study examines some cases of functional substitution of non-affricate with affricate obstruents in the oral practice of the French language, some of its diatopic and diastratic variations, as well as the manifestation of this process in the Bulgarian language. The study finds that the affrication concerns only the plosive obstruents ([t], [d], [k], [g]) in the French language, while the affrication in the Bulgarian language is observed both with plosive ([t], [d]) and fricative obstruents ([c], [з], [ш], [ж]). The terms ‚direct‘ and ‚indirect affrication‘ are introduced. The study analyzes the phonetic causes of the substitution process under consideration.

Функциональная специфика лексическиx эксплификаторов модального значения возможности в языкe начального периодa формирования русской нации

Author(s): Swietłana Waulina / Language(s): Russian Issue: VI/2001

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПЕРФЕКТНЫХ ФОРМ В СБОРНИКЕ XIII ВЕКА

Author(s): Elvira Khalitovna Shayakhmetova,Oleg Feofanovich Zholobov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2017

This paper reflects the results of the investigation of the semantics of perfect forms in the manuscript (NLR, F.n. 1.39) of the 13th century, which was performed within the framework of the project devoted to the evolution and functioning of the Old Russian verb. The manuscript involves Kirill of Turov’s tales and the oldest South Russian translation of the apocrypha “The Tale of Aphroditian”. In this regard, we have focused our attention on the contents of the collection, and not on its linguistic and morphological characteristics. The work is a part of the comprehensive analysis of the linguistic features of Tolstoy’s Collection. It has been found that most perfect forms in the source under study, as in many other manuscripts, are represented by 2- and 3-person singular forms, but, unlike the “traditional” using of 3-person forms without a link, there are few such forms. It seems impossible to identify a single meaning that could explain all contexts of both use and non-use of perfect forms. It has been suggested that perfect forms convey a certain complex of subjectively colored meanings associated, on the one hand, with the emotionally expressive emphasis on the action or event and, on the other hand, with the evidence of or reference to the known information/source.

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ, СОДЕРЖАЩИХ СЛОВА С ЭТИМОНОМ ГОД-, В РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Author(s): Yuliya Konstantinovna Lukoyanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2017

The paper deals with the functioning of phraseological units (idioms and set expressions), which include words with the etymon god- (год- ‘year’), in the Russian language. The purpose of the research is to trace the semantic transformations of lexemes with the etymon god-, as part of phraseological units, and to study the features of using phraseological units with the specified words. To fulfill this purpose, phraseological units containing the studied words have been identified, their dictionary definitions have been analyzed, and their stylistic properties have been characterized. The data of the study have been taken from phraseological, explanatory, historical dictionaries and the National Corps of the Russian language. Based on the obtained results, the information on the etymological nest with the etymon god- has been completed and the semantic evolution of the studied words has been demonstrated. Firstly, the inner form of phraseological units reflects the views of our ancestors on the world order, including those that concern the time (kruglyi god (круглый год ‘the year round’), bez godu nedelya (без году неделя ‘for a short time’)). Secondly, the phraseological units retain words with the lost meanings (chernyi god (чёрный год ‘evil year’), zhdat’ u morya pogody (ждать у моря погоды ‘indulge in vain hopes’). Such words as ugoda (угода ‘complaisance’), ugodnost’ (угодность ‘obligingness’) disappeared, they are found only in the phraseological units v ugodu (в угоду ‘in order to please’), v ugodnost’ komu (в угодность кому ‘to please’), the word ugodno (угодно ‘desired’) has lost its semantics and now is used only as part of the set expressions esli ugodno, kak vam ugodno (если угодно, как вам угодно ‘as you please’). The examples of synonymy, antonymy, enantiosemy of phraseological units containing words with the etymon god- in the Russian language have been provided. The author’s use of phraseological units by writers has been revealed. The hypothesis about the appearance of a new idiom погода в доме has been introduced. On the whole, the research allows to draw a conclusion that the use of words with the etymon godin phraseological units, on the one hand, allows preserving their ancient semantics and, on the other hand, can contribute to their de-etymologization. The results of the research can be used in teaching courses on historical lexicology, phraseology, and etymology.

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНО-СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЕ СВОЙСТВА ГЛАГОЛОВ ДВИЖЕНИЯ В ДОКУМЕНТАХ XVIII – XIX ВВ. КАНЦЕЛЯРИЙ ВОЙСКА ДОНСКОГО

Author(s): Oksana Anatolevna Gorban / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2017

The study has been performed as part of the collective research project no. 16-14-34004 supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Government of the Volgograd region. The aim of the study is to reveal the functional semantic properties of motion verbs from the documents of “Mikhailovsky Stanitsa Ataman” Archive Fund (State Archive of Volgograd region, Russia), created in the military and the stanitsa offices of the Don Cossack Host Province in the middle of 18th – late 19th century, to reveal their dynamics in synchrony and diachrony; the tasks are to find out the representation of lexical units in the documents, as well as to describe their direct and figurative use, constant nominal combinations. The analysis is based on the comparison of the documents, which is intended to identify trends in their functioning. The methods of descriptive, comparative, component, and contextual analysis have been used. It has been discovered that motion verbs were used in the middle of 18th century mainly in the meanings reflecting movement in space specified by environment, tools, manner, and intensity; they were also be used in figurative meanings and as components of stable combinations. The late 18th – first half of 19th century is marked by a rising tendency to the use of motion verbs denoting moves indifferent in their manner, as well as to the more active use of words in figurative abstract meanings. It has been concluded that the functional semantic properties of motion verbs are dynamic. In synchrony, they are manifested as semantic and frequency variations in the documents of the same period. In diachrony, they are changes in the proportion of reporting verb forms, reflecting the all-Russian process of common official language formation.

ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ РАЗНОВИДНОСТИ ИМЁН СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ С СУФФИКСОМ -УШ-/-ЮШВ СОВРЕМЕННОМ РУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Author(s): Elena Aleksandrovna Makleeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2017

The object of research in this work is derived nouns with the suffix -ush-/-yush- (-уш-/-юш-). The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that this suffix has been insufficiently studied, probably because it is productive mainly in speaking and the number of words with the suffix -ushin dictionaries is small. The empirical material has been taken from A.A. Zaliznyak’s “Grammatical Dictionary of Russian Language”, explanatory dictionaries and the Russian National Corpus; a total of 250 derivative words have been identified and analyzed. Based on the method of complex functional analysis developed by us earlier, the functional properties and the morphemic status of the suffix -ushwere determined. It has been established that this suffix is a word-forming one, five word-formation types of derivative words with the suffix -ush- have been described. They can perform expressive, compressive, stylistic or nominative function in speech. Furthermore, suffixes of all derivational types have been characterized based on the positions of invariance/non-invariance, as well as the presence of a system-forming and functional-stylistic potential and a functional-stylistic orientation. The results of the functional analysis reveal that there are four functional-stylistic variants of the suffix -ush-. The obtained data can be used in teaching Russian and Russian as a foreign language. The study shows that it is possible to create a system-functional catalog of Russian affixes in the future.