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Формально-структурная характеристика аналитических прилагательных (русско-чешский сопоставительный аспект)

Author(s): Lukáš Plesník / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2019

The article focuses on the problems of analytical adjectives. These lexical units act, as a rule, in relation to the control word in the definition function. Theoretical information about analytical adjectives (A. A. Reformatsky, M. V. Panov) is the starting point for further research on such lexical units. The presence of analytical adjectives in modern Slavic languages, including Russian and Czech, is closely related to reinforcing trends in analytism and agglutination. The main attention is paid to the formal and structural characteristics of the studied lexical units in the comparative Russian-Czech aspect. Analytical adjectives have a rather diverse and rich formal and structural expression.

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Формант -ъtь и склонение слов типа nogъtь, olkъtь, degъtь, desętь и dьnь в праславянском

Author(s): Mihail Nikolaevich Saenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

The article analyses the formation of the characteristic Proto-Slavic nominal declension paradigm, which originally included the words *nogъtь ‘nail’, *olkъtь ‘elbow’, *degъtь ‘tar’, *desętь ‘ten’ and *dьnь ‘day’, later enriching itself mostly with derivatives with the formant *-ъtь. The author looks at the history of the formant as well as its combinatory power, depending on the final consonant of the stem, which in its turn can help determine articulatory characteristics of the late Proto-Slavic language *l. Apart from that, derivates with the formant *-ъtь are subdivided according to corresponding chronological layers and a number of details related to their history are analysed.

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Формата на сказуемото като показател за езикова вежливост в българския и полския език

Author(s): Wirginia Mirosіawska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2013

The article explores how the grammatical forms of the predicate can be dependent on the level of politeness in modern Bulgarian and Polish. The sentences of two levels of communication – informal and formal – are compared. The author establishes general similarities between the forms of the predicate on the informal level but discovers considerable dissimilarities in formal styles which should be taken into consideration when evaluating the level of politeness in Polish.

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ФОРМЕ СТАНДАРДНОГ СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА У СИРИНИЋКОМ ГОВОРУ

Author(s): Anđela Redžić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2021

This paper is based on an analysis of a transcribed conversation between four people who are speakers of Sirinić speech variety, which belongs to Prizren-Timok dialect area. Although the interlocutors use this local variety in daily communication, they adopted the standardized forms of Serbian language throughout their education. They are also exposed to it on a daily basis through media they consume. Therefore, even though based on a vernacular, their expressions also contain standard language forms. In this paper we examine the usage and the representation of standard language forms of nouns and personal pronouns with the goal to determine the reason of their appearance in this vernacular: we want to answer whether they are deviations caused by a specific context or whether they are potential changes in this speech system. In the transcribed data, grammatical forms which belong to standard Serbian language are identified and their dialectal equivalents are found. The quantification of variants confirmed that vernacular is more represented, and applying qualitative analysis to the usage of standard language forms confirmed that they appear in vernacular forms only in specific situations. Speakers use standard elements in three cases: as a part of stylized statements and in those statements related to a particular topic; within idiomatic expressions, which are perceived as a unit with its unique meaning: this leads to speakers being less likely to notice they are using forms atypical for their usual speech; and within a combination with a logical accent in the sentence, used as a means of emphasizing a particular part of the sentence.

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Форми за обръщение при неофициално и официално общуване в полския език и техните български съответствия

Author(s): Marinella Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2013

The current article is about the different ways of addressing the addressee in the Polish and Bulgarian language. It can provisionally be divided into two parts, as the first one deals with the norm of the speech etiquette which is a function of the language. The second part treats the specific features of the use of the formulas in the Polish language and their Bulgarian equivalents. On the basis of the analysis and the comparison some deductions have been made about the similarities and differences in the speech etiquette of the two kindred languages.

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Форми знахідного відмінка множини іменників – назв істот в українській народній і літературній мові

Author(s): Larysa Kolibaba / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 9/2021

The article investigates the regularities of the use of two forms of the accusative case of the plural of the nouns – the names of creatures in the Ukrainian folk and literary language. Special attention is paid to the form that coincides with the nominative case and is a typical feature of the folk language. The history of the entry of the form of the accusative case of the plural, common with the nominative case, into the system of inflection of nouns of the Ukrainian literary language is traced. The area of distribution of each of the forms of the accusative case of the plural is determined. The list of nouns – the names of unpersons, which in the accusative case of the plural have the form of the nominative case, is offered. The causes and consequences of the expulsing of the forms of the nominative case of the plural by the forms of the genitive case in nouns – the names of creatures in the modern Ukrainian literary language – are clarified. It is stated that valid morphological literary norm does not correspond to the grammatical traditions of the Ukrainian folk language, because the forms, common to the nominative case, predominate in the folk language, whereas the forms, identical to the genitive case, prevail in the literary standard.

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Формиране на денотативны класове в състава на семантичното поле „Време на денонощието“

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Формиране на денотативны класове в състава на семантичното поле „Време на денонощието“

Author(s): Irena Georgieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2008

In the delineation of the semantic field Times of the day and night in Bulgarian and Russian the question arises of the selection of the lexical items included in it. The fact is recognized that the initial idea of the change of time during the day and night is based on the movement of the Sun and the Moon, directly connected with the change of light. The presence of such information in the definition of a lexical items is one of the reasons for its inclusion this semantic field.

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Формирование переводческой компетенции при обучении переводу научного текста

Author(s): Jadvyga Jonušienė,Dalia Vyšniauskienė / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2002

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas mokslinės kalbos vertimo kompetencijos ugdymas, remiantis išsamia dviejų kalbų lingvistine lyginamąja analize. Mokydamiesi užsienio kalbos, studentai jau turi susiformavusią lingvistinę gimtosios kalbos patirtį; susidūrę su svetima kalba, perkelia turimą patirtį ir atvirkščiai – šį tą skolinasi iš svetimosios kalbos. Taip pat vyksta kalbų interferencija. Straipsnyje daug dėmesio skiriama mokslinės terminijos interferencijos problemoms. Taip pat pateikiama lyginamoji ekonominės terminijos struktūrinė semantinė analizė. Šios analizės tikslas – nustatyti lietuvių ir rusų kalbų ekonominės terminijos gramatinių kategorijų ir semantikos panašumus ir skirtumus. Tai leidžia išryškinti šios terminijos vartojimo sunkumus ir padės tikslingai ir kryptingai organizuoti mokymą.

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Формованє и пременки у деклинациї меновнїкох у руским язику (єднинa меновнїкох женского роду)

Author(s): Oksana Timko Đitko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2018

In the Proto-Slavic language, the noun declension was organized upon the noun bases. The declension system, as inherited from the Proto-Indo-European, had 11 changes: seven vowel changes and four consonant changes. Due to various phonetic and morphological changes that affected each of the contemporary Slavic languages thorough the centuries of their separate existence, the noun declension differs in each of them to some degree. Besides, throughout the further development of Slavic languages, after the disintegration of the Proto-Slavic community, such Proto-Slavic organization of the noun declension was replaced by a system of paradigms based on the grammatical gender. Our goal is to see how the declension system in the Ruthenian language was formed as compared with the one in the Ukrainian and the Croatian language. We shall compare the feminine nouns in these two languages and see how former declensions according to various bases got adapted nowadays. We shall pay special attention to dialects of these languages and see whether the differences on the dialectal level are smaller.

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ФОРМОЗМІСТОВІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ГРОМАДЯНСЬКОЇ ЛІРИКИ О. КОНИСЬКОГО

Author(s): Nadiia Boiko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2020

The goal is to define formal and content features of civic poetry by O. Konysky's with the aim of introducing him into wide scientific circulation. The methods used for research are biographical, descriptive, aesthetic-functional, analysis and synthesis, selection and generalization of information. The scientific novelty of the study is the center of literary analysis that includes both the author himself and a number of his poetic works from the collection Torn Strings, as well as individual poems that were published in Galician periodicals during the 1860s and 1890s and remain unnoticed by literary critics. Conclusion. An analysis of O. Konysky's poetic work showed that the author's ideas and aspirations expressed in the poetic word were agreed with the aspirations of the national intelligentsia of that period and the freedom-loving sentiments of the Ukrainians themselves. Konysky was one of those Ukrainian poets who had formulated these ideas, adapted and tested them among a wide readership, preferring simple genre forms, symbols, and figurative systems. Among the genre-style modifications of the poet's work should be pointed out as a poetic manifesto, invective as a special artistic and aesthetic field that synthesized lyrical, intimate-lyrical, journalistic linguistic components. The extension of the ideological and problematic direction of the works led up to the appearance of a new type of lyrical hero, able to reflect the changing real situation and respond to the challenges of modern times. It was determined the paradigm of the lyrical figure – representatives of the Ukrainian intelligentsia, who perceived their purpose to serve to the people. They were unquestionable ready to sacrifice for this purpose. The poetic text's interpretation allowed outlining the semantics of the main symbols, which were most often used by the author.

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ФОРМУВАННЯ МОТИВАЦІЇ СТУДЕНТІВ-ІНОЗЕМЦІВ ПІД ЧАС ВИКЛАДАННЯ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ

Author(s): Tetyana Nykyforuk,Valeriyа Andriyets / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2020

The purpose of the article is to generalize, systematize the main techniques of the teacher in the formation of positive motivation of the student in learning Ukrainian as a foreign language to improve the quality of education. Methods: systematization, analysis and synthesis, generalization of practical experience and generally accepted trends. The novelty of the work is to demonstrate one's own view on the formation and maintenance of motivation of a student - a foreign citizen to learn the Ukrainian language. Conclusions. Learning a language requires a lot of effort. Mastering phonetic, lexical, grammatical, stylistic norms requires from the student mental, psychological, physical capabilities. Since the final link in the study of any language is the ability to use this knowledge in any area of society, the teacher must direct the activities of students to acquire the necessary knowledge to achieve a communicative goal. That is, the important task of the teacher is not just to make an installation and form a positive motivation, but to constantly maintain it during the student's language learning, to create different situations that will encourage students to improve their knowledge of Ukrainian, skills of applying this knowledge in practice. Involvement in the spiritual treasury of the nation whose language is studied by the student, personal orientation of the teacher and the student, mass media, practical situations, use of role-playing games in practical work, gradual introduction of the foreign student into the Ukrainian environment will help not only to achieve the communicative goal. After all, everything they get here in Ukraine will remain in their memory forever.

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ФОРМУВАННЯ УСНОГО УКРАЇНСЬКОГО МОВЛЕННЯ РОСІЙСЬКОМОВНИХ ПЕРШОКЛАСНИКІВ: МЕТОДИЧНІ АСПЕКТИ

Author(s): Tetiana Lozan / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2013

The article deals with the analysis of some aspects of the methodology of forming the Ukrainian spoken language of the Russian speaking first-form pupils, in particular the formation of the partly and general speech and communicative skills. The attempt has been made to define basic kinds and directions in work that aims at developing of oral speech.

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Формы субстантивного словообразования в языке «Слова о законе и благодати» Илариона

Author(s): Gennadiy Alekseyevich Nikolaev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2016

The paper is devoted to the study of the system of derived words in the Sermon on Law and Grace created by the Kiev Metropolitan Hilarion in the first half of the 11th century. The main objective of the study is to show the initial language basis and principles of its use in creating virtually the first works of the Old Russian literature. As the genre-stylistic specificity of these works is largely revealed by the presence of a certain range of derivative suffix substantives in their language; the main purpose of this paper is to consider the system of substantive word formation in the language of Hilarion’s work. For this purpose, the methodology of synchronic analysis of the system of forms of derivative sub-stantives has been used against the background of historical development of the major categories of Russian word formation, which allows to show the functioning of linguistic facts in a particular text along with their development in the language. Based on the fact that it is important for the language text specifics to have a certain system of word-formation types (WFT), the number of derivatives of each WFT and the word-formative semantics of derived entities, it has been found that the most productive and regular types of derivative substantives in the text of the work created by Hilarion are null suffixation derivatives with syncretic semantics, abstract nouns with the -(е)ние (-(e)nie) suffix, composites, and substantivates.

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ФРAЗEOЛОШКИ РУСИЗМИ У ГOPCKOM ВИЈЕНЦУ. I

Author(s): Radmilo N. Marojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-3/2005

Синтагму живјети Милошем у 892. стиху спјева „Горски вијенац” Петар II Петровић-Његош употријебио je у објекатској функцији под утицајем руског језика и у значењу које у руском имају глаголи житћ (кем/чем), durnamb (кем/чем) или жumb u durnamb (кем/чем), т. ј. „бвггв чемнибудв поглошеннмм, видетв в чем-нибудв сммсл сушествованил”.

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ФРAЗEОЛОШКИ РУСИЗМИ У ГOPCKOM ВИЈЕНЦУ. II

Author(s): Radmilo N. Marojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-3/2005

Израз на главу погибоше у 2688. стиху спјева Горски вијенац Петар II Петровић-Његош употријебио je под утицајем руског језика и у значењу које у руском има израз раз6umb na голову, т. ј. „окончателвно разбитв на воине”.

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Фрагмент «Канона врачебной науки» Ибн Сины в руськомовном переводе трактата «Тайная тайных»

Author(s): Sergey Yurievich Temchin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2020

The Ruthenian translation of the medieval treatise Secretum Secretorum (“The Secret of Secrets”) was made in Kiev during the second half of the 15th century from a Hebrew version that dates back to late 13th‒early 14th centuries, when it was translated from the Arabic original, which probably originated in its final form during the 10th century. The Ruthenian translation contains certain interpolations that had been already present in the Hebrew version before it was translated into Ruthenian. They had been extracted from several Arabic and Hebrew sources, such as the treatise Al-Mansuri by Abū Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariyā al-Rāzī (865‒925) and the treatises On Poisons, On Coitus, and On Asthma by Maimonides (1135/1138‒1204). The author argues that the same Ruthenian translation also contains a minor (one-page long) interpolation that through Hebrew mediation goes back to The Canon of Medicine written in Arabic by Avicenna (980‒1037). It is still to be established which of the seven known Medieval Hebrew translations and/or the around 30 commentaries on it (all unpublished) was used as the immediate source for the Kievan translation. Nevertheless, the newly identified Arabic origin of this particular interpolation to the Ruthenian version of the treatise The Secret of Secrets sheds some light on the prehistory of this particular text’s portion and compliments the list of sources used by the Hebrew-to-Ruthenian translators in Kiev during the second half of the 15th century.

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Фразеологизми с компонет етноним (върху материал от български говори в Бесарабия, Украйна)

Author(s): Praskoviya Ruseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

Idioms containing ethnonyms found in the dialects of Bulgarian villages in Bessarabia, Ukraine, are analyzed in the article. An attempt to find equivalents in the lexicographic sources in Bulgarian, Ukrainian and Russian phraseology was made. The frequency of their use was studied, as well as the degree of the motivation for their nomination in the following classification.

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Фразеологизмите с компонент ухо/уши в българския и в японския език и тяхната еквивалентност като част от междуезиковото общуване

Author(s): Katya Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

A large number of phraseological equivalents (having different degrees of equivalence) are observed in the idioms containing the component ear/ears in Bulgarian and Japanese. Their equivalence is conditioned by the existence of several common themathic groups. Knowledge of the equivalents and the common thematic groups contributes to accurate understanding and better communication.

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Фразеологија Његошевог Шћепана Малог: стални епитети као одраз језичке слике света (српско-руске паралеле)

Author(s): Jelena Bajović,Vasilije S. Stoiljković,Jelena Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 23/2021

This study deals with the possibilities of translating permanent epithets into a related Slavic language (from Serbian into Russian) on the material of Njegošʼs poem Stephen the Little and the Russian translation of V. Kornilov.Permanent epithets are characteristic of Serbian folk literature from where Njegoš primarily takes them over in Stephen the Little. Certain epithets represented in the poem are in the process of phraseologising while the translation into Russian testifies that the most frequent permanent epithetis in белый свет (the world) in cases when it is a lexeme in the original text.

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Фразеологические дисфемизмы и эвфемизмы в русскоязычном интернет-дискурсе

Author(s): Marija Sergeevna Dobrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2021

In connection with the democratization and jargonization of modern Russian speech and the increasing role of mass media, researchers increasingly began to turn to the problems of euphemisms and dysphemisms of the Russian language (including phraseological ones). At the same time Internet discourse, characterized by a number of specific discursive features, which include openness, anonymity, expressiveness has become a new large-scale and public “wall” for the expression of opinions and self-presentation and helps to fixate the expressive vocabulary and phraseology. The paper analyzes functioning of phraseological dysphemism and phraseological euphemism in Russian Internet Discourse. The study focuses on the description of the mechanisms of their inclusion in the context of electronic mass communication media.

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