Critica et bibliographia

Author(s): I. I. Savickaja,Larisa Stankevich,Michael Moser,Zoltán Farkas,Istvan Frid,Erzsébet Kámán / Language(s): English,Russian / Issue: 1/2008

Review of: 1. Вугорска-беларускй слоушк. Пад рэд. Атылы ГОЛАТТТА i Ларысы СТАНКЕВШ. I Прэдзьгаэа, 2007. 280 с. - Magyar-fehérorosz szótár. Szerk. HOLLÓS Attila és Larisza SZTANKEVICS. Nyíregyháza, 2007. 280 p. by: И. И. Савицкая (Минск) 2. BELENTSCHIKOW Renate (Hrsg.): Das Russische in zweisprachigen Wörterbüchern. Internationale Fachtagung, Magdeburg, 18.-22.5.2005. БЕЛЕНЧИКОВА Ренате (ред.): Русский язык в двуязычных словарях. Международная научная конференция, Магдебург, 18-22 мая 2005 г. Band 13. 2006. 392 с. by: Лариса Станкевич (Брест—Будапешт) 3. BORYS Wieslaw: Slownik etymologiczny języka polskiego. Krakow: Wydawnic- two literackie, 2005. 861 S. by: Michael Moser (Wien) 4. WITKOWSKI Wieslaw: Nowy slownik zapozyczen polskich w języku rosyjskim. Wydanie drugie, rozszerzone. Kraków: Universitas, 2006. XXIV + 251 S. by: Michael Moser (Wien) 5. DANYLENKO Andrii: Slavica et Islamica. Ukrainian in Context. (Sagners Slavistische Sammlung 31.) München: Verlag Otto Sagner, 2006. 460 S. by: Michael Moser (Wien) 6. Szűcs Olga: Nyikolaj Bergyajev történetfilozófiája 1901-1924 között írt mű¬vei alapján. Dobroljubov Társadalomtudományi Társaság Közhasznú Egyesület, 2006. 167 p. by: Золтан Фаркаш 7. MARIN EL LI-KÖNIG Gertraud: Russische Kinderliteratur in dér Sowjetunion dér Jahre 1920-1930. Slavistische Beitrage 457. Hrsg. von Peter Rehder. München: Verlag Otto Sagner, 2007. 293+7 S. by: Иштван Фрид 8. Studia Russica XXI. Литература и визуальность. Под ред. Анны ХАН И Жужи ХЕТЕНИ. Budapest: Institut Philologiae Slavicae Orientalis et Balticae, 2004. 436 p. by: Эржебет Каман

CURSES AS A UKRAINIAN CULTURAL TRADITION

Author(s): Yulia Demianova / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2014

Curses constitute a significant part of cultural life of the Ukrainian people. This study aims to analyze curses as a Ukrainian cultural tradition and trace their roots. The author suggests that all curses can be divided at least in three groups: curses which are closely associated with the country’s culture, traditions, customs, history, mythology, superstitions and religion; curses that have no specific cultural root; "tricky" curses used for playful purposes. Almost all curses are context-dependent. The article argues that the major sociocultural functions of curses are pedagogical or didactic, therapeutic and regulative. It is also shown that nowadays curses continue to be used in all spheres of life.

Demonstrative or article? The case of ten in Polish

Author(s): Artur Bartnik / Language(s): English / Issue: 11/2015

The paper discusses the syntactic status of the Polish demonstrative pronoun ten ‘this’ in the light of grammaticalization theory. The discussion begins with establishing formal (morphosyntactic) as well as semantic criteria for discriminating between articles and demonstratives. Then it reviews arguments for the demonstrative status of ten put forward in the literature. The paper ends with providing evidence for the definite article status of ten. Although the primary function of ten is still that of a demonstrative pronoun, it reveals some traces of categorial change on the grammaticalization cline in spoken Polish.

Der Instrumental des Ortes und der Zeit in den slavischen Sprachen. Kasusmarkierung und präpositionale Kodierung lokaler und temporaler Relationen im Russischen, Polnischen und Serbeischen / Kroatischen

Author(s): A.V. Koroleva / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 60/2015

Review of: The instrumental of place and time in the Slavic languages. Case marking and prepositional coding of local and temporal relations in Russian, Polish and Serbian / Croatian. Oldenburg: BIS-Verlag, 2014.

Derywaty z interfiksem -i- / -i/y- oraz pierwszym członem czasownikowym w języku serbskim, rosyjskim oraz polskim

Author(s): Dragana Ratkovic / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 51/2016

The paper gives a comparative historical analysis of derivative words with the i / i/y- interfix and a verb as the first component in Serbian, Russian and Polish from the standpoint of contemporary Slavic morphology (derivatology). The aim is to provide their description in terms of semantic variation. The author ascertains that all the three languages feature a derivational model of forming expressive lexis by means of the i / i/y- interfix, predominantly nouns, of mostly humorous and pejorative meaning. A special group is formed by onyms (nicknames turned surnames, but also toponyms, oronyms, hydronyms etc). This type of words first occurred in Serbian and Russian in the thirteenth century (possibly in Serbian in the eleventh century), and in Polish in the fifteenth century. Judging by the available sources, derivatives with the i- interfix appear frequently in historical as well as modern Serbian, Polish and Russian (much more in Serbian and Polish than in Russian). In Serbian and Russian pre-nineteenth-century sources chiefly given names and nicknames-turnedsurnames were noted (in Russian, also some animal and plant names as well as abstract nouns). In Old Polish, words of the discussed kind are zoological and botanical lexemes; from Middle Polish on, the lexemes encompass all semantic categories characteristic of modern Serbian and Russian. It should, however, be stressed that the inaccessibility of the spoken language as well as the limited number of sources introduce considerable uncertainty to observations regarding the time of origin and vocabulary of the first centuries of Slavic languages. This applies especially to expressively marked lexemes, a considerable portion of which is constituted by common nouns of the “A (verb) + -i- / -i/y- + B” model. In contemporary Serbian, Polish and Russian, the lexis formed by means of this derivational model is almost equally developed conceptually and relates predominantly to the same phenomena. Expressive words in all three languages are formed in the processes of metonymisation, metaphorisation, personification, hyperbolization and grotesque, and are characterized by numerous derivational and semantic equivalents.

DIctionnaire Synchronique des FAmilles dÉrivationnelles de mots français (DISFA ) jako faza ewolucji słowotwórstwa gniazdowego

Author(s): Wanda Fijalkowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 21/2016

The lexicography of the Slavonic nations, especially the branch of nest lexicography, has seen an impetuous development since the sixties, producing at least fifty publications, but it remains effectively unknown to French lexicography. Updated terminology, the symbols of successive parts of speech in the word-formative chain from the centre of the nest to the specific derivative, remain an achievement of researchers solely on this side of the Rhône. The DISFA dictionary (Claude Gruaz et al., published *""‰) neither does refer to the Slavonic tradition, nor even to the native, French tradition (p.ex. an unfinished project from the nineties that was initiated by Danielle Corbin), and remains despite the announcements only a morphological and etymological dictionary.

Die Framemodellierung volitiver kausaler Zusammenhänge am Beispiel der russischen Sprache

Author(s): Lyazzat Dalbergenova,Sholpan Zharkynbekova / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2017

The present work makes a contribution to the study of the reflection of the causal category in human consciousness. In theoretical aspects, the paper is based on the approach of frame semantics. It is an attempt to present a conceptual model of causal relationships within the interaction of discourse elements and knowledge framework of the recipient. The linguistic causality is a knowledge structure that reflects the objective causal relationships in language consciousness of Russian speakers. In the paper, the linguistic and cultural specificity of the cognitive content of the causal volitional frames and their means of expression in Russian are empirically determined and analyzed.

Die slavischen Bezeichnungen für den ‘Streik’

Author(s): Johannes Reinhart / Language(s): German / Issue: 1(2)/2007

The languages of the world present either native designations for the notion of ‘strike (= ‘the organized refusal to work’)’ (e. g. Arab. iđra:b, Chin. bà gōng, Indon. pemogokan, Ivrit švita) or they have borrowed the term in question (Japan. sutoraiku < English, Turk. grev < French, Malag. grevy < French). In European languages a similar situation can be observed, although the English word strike has been borrowed in relatively numerous languages (Danish, German, Hungarian, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish). Some European languages, however, preferred the French word grève (Albanian, Portuguese, Rumanian). The Slavic languages are no exception to the general European tendency: some borrowed the Anglicism—directly or via German—(Croatian/Serbian, Macedonian, Polish, Slovak, Ukrainian, Upper Sorbian), others resorted to native terms (Czech stávka, Russ. stačka). Altogether the Slavic languages have five different groups for the designation of the notion of ‘strike’. It is a peculiarity of Slavic languages that some of them have borrowed the designation of ‘strike’ from other Slavic languages (Bulgarian < Russian; Belorussian, Ukrainian < Russian; Slovene, Upper Sorbian < Czech).

Dovanota vertybė ar įsiūlytas paveldas? Lietuvos rusakalbių nuostatos gimtosios kalbos atžvilgiu

Author(s): Ala Lichaciova,Svetlana Markova / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 4/2014

So far there has been no detailed research done in Lithuania that would allow to analyze the attitudes of the Russian-speaking citizens towards their native language. In this article, an attempt is made to determine the subtle relation between the Lithuanian citizens of non-Lithuanian nationality and the Russian language which is considered to be native in their families, while they either are Russians or identify themselves as Russians.Certain questions concerning this problem are taken into consideration: do Russian-speaking citizens feel good about using their native language; do they feel affinity to Russia as their symbolic homeland or the mother country of their language; do they want their children to have a good command of Russian and consider it their native language; is their relationship with their native language affected by the manifestation of Russophobia in public discourse and mass media.The data of the sociolinguistic projects Language Use and Ethnic Identity in Lithuanian Cities (2007–2009) and A Sociolinguistic Map of Lithuania (2010–2012) focussing on Vilnius, Klaipėda and Visaginas is discussed. These cities have been selected as the ones with the largest Russian-speaking population as compared to other regions of Lithuania.The analysis of in-depth interviews reveals that for the Russian-speaking people in Lithuania the native language remains the only real indicator of their ethnic self-identification. Most of the respondents do not regard Russia as a country close to them in terms of lifestyle and mentality, they do not perceive Russia as a symbolic concept defining their self-identity; it is for them the space of their mother tongue. The respondents claim that they value their mother tongue, see it as emotionally closest and stress the relation between the Russian language and culture as well as the pragmatic value of knowing Russian nowadays. Young respondents declare that they intend to do their best to pass their mother tongue to their future children.However, the intentions of the Russian-speaking people of Lithuania to support the vitality of their native language, which requires more effort than is usual for people living in the environment of a different language. In the Lithuanian media and online comment sections, ethnic and linguistic intolerance towards local people who speak another language is livened up periodically. Therefore Russian-speaking residents of Lithuania need to be psychologically strong in order to resist the pressure of public discourse and to sustain their native language.

Eastern Slavic-North Germanic Linguistic Contacts

Author(s): Péter Pátrovics / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2002

The present paper draws the reader’s attention to the lexical influence of Scandinavian languages on the languages of the Eastern Slavic bloc as well as to the “reverse side of the coin” i.e. the Eastern Slavic lexical influence on the Scandinavian languages. The following points are discussed in the study: 1) Russian words of Scandinavian origin.—As it is widely known, in the case of Russian, the influence of the Scandinavian languages began with the emergence of the Rurikovich-dynasty. The changes resulting from it have had their linguistic consequences in Russian, among others, in the form of some loanwords of Scandinavian origin. (About the historical background see Font 1995: 6-42, Pátrovics 1997: 109-116, and Рыдзевская 1978. Be reminded furthermore that in the case of Polish, the Scandinavian lexical influence can be minimized to inter-state relations to a much lesser degree than in the case of Russian. About the Scandinavian-Polish lexical contacts see Jurkowski 1993: 18-25, Pátrovics 2000: 221-226). 2) Words of Eastern Slavic origin in Scandinavian languages such as Swedish, Norwegian, Danish and Icelandic. 3) Analysis of two etymologies: shelk (silk) and chmeľ (hops). 4) ‘Sovietisms’ in the Scandinavian languages. 5) Two Russian toponyms of Scandinavian origin. 6) Epilog and conclusions. 7) References.— I hope that this two-directional approach puts the matter in different new light and the linguistic data will help to understand the intricate question of interrelation of Eastern Slavic and Scandinavian languages.

Eesti keele kui teise keele kirjutamisprotsessi sujuvuse võrdlus keeleoskustasemeti

Author(s): Olga Pastuhhova / Language(s): Estonian / Issue: 13/2017

The aim of the current article is to describe fluency across proficiency levels in the writing process of native Russian-speaking learners of Estonian as a second language. The data of the study consist of texts written by 34 participants, all of whom were students at Tallinn University. The data were collected with the computer keystroke logging program ScriptLog. The written argumentative and narrative texts were rated by two experts according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The data were representative of four CEFR language proficiency levels: A2 (4 texts), B1 (13), B2 (13), and C1 (4). Fluency was analysed and described according to process, product, revision, pausing behavior,and keyboard skills. Furthermore, the fluency of the writing process was measured on the basis of online and offline measures. The results of the study were compared across the proficiency levels. The fluency of the writing process increases with growth in proficiency, the greatest development being observed between levels B2 and C1.

English Borrowings from the Economic Sphere in the Verbal Lexicon of Native Speakers of Russian in the Era of Globalization

Author(s): Julia Balakina,Elena Visilitskaya / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2015

The article looks into the issue of the integration of loanwords appertaining to the financial lexis of the Russian language. Due to an overwhelming number of borrowings in the professional vocabulary of bank workers, the prevalence of anglicisms over Russian words in their written and verbal speech cannot go unnoticed. However, given a generally low level of bank workers’ English language competence, this situation leads to peculiar, nonstandard adaptation of anglicisms at all language levels. Accordingly, the article presents the possible ways anglicisms integrate into the Russian language, and examines the native speakers’ attitude to borrowed words and their preferences in using anglicisms. Furthermore, the authors have identified the main reasons why the speakers frequently resort to anglicisms and the degree of semantic awareness behind their choice. The most commonly-used borrowed terms have also been singled out.

Entwicklung und Verwendung philosophischer Termini in ruthenischen Schulbüchern (Ende des XIX. Jh.)

Author(s): Marina Höfinghoff / Language(s): German / Issue: 1/2010

In Galicia, at the end of the 19th century attempts were undertaken to create a modern Ukrainian (''Rutheniam') language predominantly on the basis of common language. Politicians, scientists, artists and the clergy recognised their obligation to participate in the process of creating Ukrainian terminologies, particularly philosophical terminology, in the context of the emerging national language. The usage of philosophical terminology in school books of the period demonstrates the general tendency prevailing in Ukrainian human sciences: translation and loan-translation, parallel use of international and common language forms, use of glosses, etc. A detailed analysis of phonetics, morphology, lexical base and stylistics of the terminological corpus reflects the attempts to create a standard language in Galicia and shows the heterogeneous and complex nature of this variant of the emerging Ukrainian language.

Eзиковедската българистика в Лвивския университет

Author(s): Olha Soroka / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 23/2011

FORMS OF ADDRESS AS DISCRETE MODAL OPERATORS

Author(s): Wojciech Sosnowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2016

The category of expressions of politeness includes, among others, forms of address. Forms of address express honorification. Honorification can be defined as a special type of meaning that consists of information about the social and interpersonal relations between the speaker and the addressee, the speaker and the hearer, and the speaker and the protagonist of the predication. As far as their place in the syntactic structure is concerned, forms of address can either be integrated with the other elements of a predication or not. However, they are always part of a predication’s semantic structure. Moreover, forms of address convey the speaker’s attitude to the meaning of the predicate that they want to convey, which consequently means that forms of address also carry a modal element. Modality can be defined as a situation in which an individual is in a particular mental state, i.e. exhibits some kind of attitude to a situation or a type of situations. Forms of address can be categorised as modal operators conveying imperatives, requests, suppositions, etc. The term “operator” can be used for a unit of language when it changes the semantic structure of the predication. My research on honorification is mainly based on contemporary corpora, both monolingual and multilingual. In the present study, I analyse forms of address which carry imperative and optative meanings.

Formuliczność w Słowniku górnołużycko-polskim

Author(s): Grzegorz Szpila / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2015

The paper discusses the place and presentation of formulaic language in Henryk Zeman’s Słownik górnołużycko-polski. Published in 1968, it has remained to date the only bilingual Upper-Sorbian-Polish dictionary of that size. It contains over 5000 phraseological units of varius types. The paper discusses the types of formulaic language found in the lexicon, the macroand microstructure of the dictionary, and the equivalence of Upper-Sorbian phraseological units in the Polish language. Notwithstanding a few inaccuracies, inconsitencies and errors, as well as lexical out-datedness, the dictionary appears to be an invaluable source of lexical information about the formulaic Upper-Sorbian.

Fraz. zbić z pantałyku ‘stropić kogo, pozbawić pewności siebie’

Author(s): Grazyna Rytter / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 51/2016

The article concerns the East-­Slavic linguistic influence on Polish in the second half of the nineteenh century as exemplified by the meaning of the phrase zbić z pantałyku. Today’s meaning of the phrase is associated with another phraseologism zbić z tropu ‘to throw [lit. knock] off trace,’ which originates from the hunting jargon. *Pantałyk as a separate word is not (and never has been) used in general Polish, and the comprehensibility of the whole phrase is the result of the sum of its components. East Slavic counterparts of the phrase are attested from the mid­nineteenth century. In the Polish of the period, zbić z pantałyku had a colloquial status, and its usefulness in the sphere of everyday communication was a manifestation of economy of imaginary rather than conceptual means of expression. Especially in the conditions of widespread bilingualism, the new phrase could easily be recognized against the background of contemporary usage of near­synonymous colloquial phrases derived from the verb zbić ‘to beat’ but also ‘to knock off.’ The greater frequency of zbić z pantałyku in the Polish of south­eastern borderlands resulted from a combination of factors, mainly the blurred boundaries between literary and dialectal (folk) phraseology.

Frazeologizmy Wisławy Szymborskiej w przekładzie. Propozycja kategorii śladu frazeologicznego

Author(s): Krzysztof Skibski,Joanna Studzinska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 25/2016

The article introduces the concept of the phraseological trace – a tool for the study of modified and non-modified idioms (phraseologisms) in the poetic text and its translated version. It analyses Wisława Szymborska’s poems Census, Conversation with a stone and A speech at the lost-and- found, along with their translations into Spanish. The aim of the juxtaposition of the original text and its translations is to pinpoint the differences in conceptualization and determine their sources.

Funkcjonowanie zapożyczeń wschodniosłowiańskich w świadomości użytkowników gwar z Małopolski południowo-wschodniej na przykładzie przysłówków

Author(s): Anna Kostecka-Sadowa / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 64/2017

Issues of the present article are regarding East Slavonic adverbs in Polish local dialects. Presenting gathered material and verifying the step on his base are a purpose of the paper acquaintances of lexical individuals gathered together and their functioning in the awareness of language users of the village. A Dictionary of Polish local dialects and his file being in IJP are a material base you in Cracow. I compared data with contemporary, collected materials obtained in the field with method of the free conversation.I confined myself to East Slavonic expressions certified mainly on the entire eastern borderland of the country. And so they are these are adverbs authenticated above all in Mazovia and in Lesser Poland.

Gabriela Olchowa, Mieczysław Balowski (eds), Języki słowiańskie w procesie przemian, Banská Bystrica 2015

Author(s): Monika Biesaga / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 10/2016