Філологічні осягнення Іштвана Удварі

Author(s): Erzsébet Bárány / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2021

The establishment in 1992 of the Department of Ukrainian and Ruthenian Philology at the University of Nyíregyháza (predecessor of the György Bessenyei Pedagogical High School, now the University of Nyíregyháza) was of both state and regional importance. The initiator, founder and the first head of the department was an outstanding scholar in the Slavic world, Doctor of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Professor István Udvari. The merit of István Udvari is enormous in the field of study the history of the Ukrainian language, the Ukrainian and Rusyn historical dialectology, the language of the Bachvanian-Srimski’ Rusyns, in the field of Ukrainian studies in Hungary, Ukrainian-Hungarian, Rusyn-Hungarian language contacts, in the field of identification, investigation and publication of the ancient Eastern and Middle Eastern written records; it was him who brought back to science the forgotten linguists, historians and other cultural personalities. A six-volume database of the Ukrainian-Hungarian dictionary (2000–2003) and a two-volume Hungarian-Ukrainian dictionary (2005–2006) were published by István Udvari. The article presents information about the life of István Udvari, analyzes his scientific achievements and points out his role in Slavic and Ukrainian Studies in particular.

Функционирование неологизмов и окказионализмов из сферы информатики и интернет-коммуникации в современном украинском языке

Author(s): Larysa Kysliuk / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7/2020

This paper is devoted to the analysis of term generation in the field of computer science and i-net communication using the native word-formative tools of the Ukrainian language. Particular attention is paid to the functioning of such neologisms in common usage (linguistic usus). Ukrainian electronic resources are used as a research material and verification tool. Morphemic, word-formative and comparative analysis of derivatives and the method of periphrasis allowed us to determine the reasons for the production of appropriate and inappropriate special names that can compete with English borrowings in this field.

Функционирование слов категории состояния в древнерусских памятниках XII–XVII вв.

Author(s): Oksana Ushakova / Language(s): Russian

The monograph deals with the issue of the categories of state (predicative adverbs), which is a debatable point of contemporary Russian linguistics. In the center of interest are therefore indeclinable units that engage only in the predicate role of single-predicate sentences and express the state generally. The monograph completely describes how these words are represented and how they function in Old Russian texts from 12th to 17th century. The analysed units are viewed in lexical, derivative, morphological and syntactic terms. The complex research of such word is carried out in the confrontational diachronic and synchronic aspects of using data from Czech language.

Функционирование словообразовательных компонентов гомо- / гетеро- в русском языке

Author(s): Tatiana Shkapenko,Evgenii Shapovalenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2021

The article examines the features of functioning of prepositive components of Greek origin homo- / hetero- in the Russian language in a synchronic and diachronic perspective. The necessity of a differentiated approach to determining the morphological status of these components, depending on their meaning and use in a particular type of discourse, is substantiated. In scientific discourse гомо- /гетеро- are used as term elements denoting the homogeneity/heterogeneity of the defined part of the derivatives and perform the function of prefixes. There is a tendency to expand the scope of their functioning from the exact and natural sciences to the humanities. When used in the meaning of markers of sexual identification, the morphological status of these components is differentiated depending on the type of the derived word. As part of the composites, гомо-/гетеро- act as one of their derivative bases, in affixal formations they acquire the status of a root. The peak of morphosemantic development of components is their lexicalization, as a result of which they begin to be used as an autonomous part of speech - a noun. The growth of the derivational activity of гомо-/гетеро- in modern Russian is explained by the influence of extralinguistic factors considered in a broad socio-historical context.

Функционирование сложных претеритов в памятниках древнейшей поры

Author(s): Oleg Feofanovich Zholobov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2016

The paper deals with certain issues of the preterite history in the Old Russian language, which is still unclear and, thus, of high importance. The so-called perfect forms occupy the central place in the history of past tense forms. The purpose of the paper is to consider certain issues related to the perfect status and semantics in the Old Russian language of the early period. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks have been fulfilled: a) historiographic analysis of the term “perfect” in palaeoslavistics and Indo-European linguistics has been carried out; b) critical review of the researchers’ opinions on the Old Slavonic perfect functional-semantic nature has been given; c) the perfect functioning in some Old Russian sources has been considered; d) a new hypothesis of the Slavonic perfect formation and the nature of its original semantics has been given. The study uses the descriptive, diachronic, and pragmatic-discursive methods. The term “Perfect” was first introduced by Franz Miklosich

ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ С СУФФИКСОМ -(Е)НИЕ В ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИИ А.И. ГЕРЦЕНА «БЫЛОЕ И ДУМЫ»

Author(s): Bejza Altay / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2017

The paper focuses on the semantics and functioning of nouns with the suffix -(e)nie (-(е)ние) in A.I. Herzen’s “My Past and Thoughts”. The research novelty is determined by the lack of linguistic knowledge about A.I. Herzen’s writings. The research relevance is defined by the necessity to complete the analytic view of Russian language history and historical stylistics. The analysis has been carried out based on the Russian National Corpus, using the continuous sampling method. As a result of the analysis, quantitative data have been obtained. Furthermore, A.I. Herzen’s usage of nouns has been characterized from the diachronic point of view, i.e., it has been revealed how active he was in usage of outdated lexemes or, on the contrary, new ones. To fulfill this purpose, data from the customized sub-corpus covering the “My Past and Thoughts” text have been compared with the main corpus data. It has been found out that nouns with the suffix -(e)nie- are exceptionally frequent in “My Past and Thoughts”. The data are characterized by several parameters: from the point of their origins, which are determined, in particular, by producing stems’ features; from the point of usage frequency, both in works contemporary to Herzen’s writings, as well as those preceding it and created later. A.I. Herzen uses a) various archaisms, including those related to the Church Slavonic tradition (though, mainly, in non-sacral contexts), loan words subsequently displaced by their synonyms, and nouns motivated by verbs with outdated vocalization; b) words new to his time, but widespread later; c) occasional derivates. The essential features of writer’s personality are the usage of suffix derivates based on imperfective verb stems, and also non-standard context decisions.

ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ ТЕКСТА АПОСТОЛА В СОВРЕМЕННОМ РУССКОМ ЛИТЕРАТУРНОМ ЯЗЫКЕ

Author(s): Mariya Olegovna Novak / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

Using the Russian National Corpus, we study how the set expressions originated from the Acts and Epistles of the Apostles function in Russian literary texts (19th–21th centuries) of different genres. We discuss the ways of their semantic transformation depending on the genre and the content of the work. We determine that in the journalistic texts these expressions often change their meanings and lose semantic connections with the source, whereas in the belles-lettres texts they retain these ties and serve as an instrument of stylization (speech characterization) or verbal game.

ФУНКЦИОНИРОВАНИЕ ЦЕЛЕВОГО СОЮЗА ДАБЫ В ПУБЛИЦИСТИКЕ XX–XXI ВЕКОВ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ И КОММУНИКАТИВНЫЙ АСПЕКТЫ

Author(s): Natalia Pavlovna Galkina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2021

The study of outdated vocabulary and the appropriateness of its use is of interest from the point of view of the development and preservation of the language richness and variability, especially amid current standardization, simplification and unification of languages in general and the Russian language in particular. The article presents analysis of the use of a low-frequency conjunction of purpose дабы in publicist texts from the point of view of the meanings it can bring. In linguistic literature, it is labeled as outdated, bookish, and stylistically colored. The author assumes that the choice of atypical linguistic means should be considered an indicator of the language flexibility and its adjustment to the most accurate expression of meaning in a given communicative situation. The author uses specific examples to show that the use of this conjunction in publicist texts is stylistically relevant, since it can serve not only as a means of archaization for adding some historical color, but also as a tool for giving the text a touch of solemnity and sublimity, as well as for implicit expression of the author’s irony, sarcasm or evaluation. In particular cases, the purpose component introduced by the conjunction дабы may function independently, separately from the main sentence/clause, indicating a call or motivation rather than a goal. Thus, the use of atypical means of communication correlates with such main functions of the journalistic style as providing information, evaluation, incentive, and influence.

ФУНКЦІЇ ОНІМІВ У ХУДОЖНЬОМУ ТЕКСТІ: ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

Author(s): Marta Maksymyuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2020

The purpose of the research is to consider the theoretical aspects of the proper names functions in a literary text. Research methods – induction, deduction, descriptive, contextual-interpretive and component analysis. Scientific novelty. Proper names in a literary text have many functions, but in science there is still no single approach to determining the number of functions of proper names in a literary text. At present, many attempts have been made to systematize the functions of poetonyms, but a single view on this problem has not yet been developed. The reasons for this state are differences in the views of linguists on the essence of functions, and violation of the rules of classification schemes, and the lack of logically and linguistically sound hierarchy of poetics categories of onyms, and confusion of phenomena of different levels and quality, including inconsistency in linguistic and extral speech, and the difficulty of assigning a property of the poetonym to semantics or poetics, and so on. The multifunctionality of onyms is quite obvious, as in the artistic text they perform the main linguistic functions of nomination, identification, differentiation and specific stylistic ones, which are layered on the main ones and make their own name an expressive artistic means. An analysis of the theoretical aspects of the functions of proper names in literary works will contribute to a deeper understanding of the peculiarities of using proper names in a literary text. Conclusions. The functions of proper names in works of art are numerous and varied and this serves the style of the text helps writers to show the character of a character, create a special world of a work of art. A further comprehensive study of the functional and stylistic load of onyms in various genres of art works by modern Ukrainian writers is a perspective of next studies.

ФУНКЦІЇ ПІДРУЧНИКА УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ мови В КОМПЕТЕНТНІСНІЙ ПАРАДИГМІ

Author(s): Olena Horoshkina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 01/2019

The article outlines the functions of the Ukrainian language textbook, in particular world outlook function, developing, informative, reflective, corrective functions. Particular attention is paid to the problem of a competence approach implementation in the educational process, which causes the textbook functions transformation, singling out of new functions, which correspond to the new social challenges.

ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНО-СТИЛІСТИЧНІ ВИЯВИ ІНШОМОВНИХ ЛЕКСЕМ У РОЗВАЖАЛЬНИХ ЖАНРАХ

Author(s): Yuliia MOLOTKINA / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 02/2019

The article deals with the new lexical borrowings analysis in the discourse of the modem Ukrainian comedy shows, entertainment programs and popular youth series. It has been proved that foreign borrowed lexemes are used not just in terms of foreign language lexical units; they experience the semantic structure changes and obtain the new stylistic expressions.

Функціювання лексики на позначення стихійних явищ в українській мові XVІ–XVIII ст.

Author(s): Vasyl Denysiuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2020

The study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the vocabulary designating natural disasters performed on the basis of written monuments of the Ukrainian language in the 16th–18th centuries allows us to state that the genetically analyzed lexemes in this thematic group are of Proto-Slavic origin. The only exception is the borrowing пожога from the Polish language. The vocabulary designating natural disasters was actively completed due to the inclusion of lexical units from other thematic groups including meteorological vocabulary and the development of new meanings in these words because of semantic shifts representing the general concept of ‘natural disasters’ during the declared period. The analyzed lexemes demonstrate one type of systemic relations: synonymous. One-word names show activity according to the structure of the analyzed written texts. The contextual environment helps to find out the corresponding semantics of them. The authors often use multi-word names which include a noun and an adjective (they are usually the adjectives великий, лютий or forms of the highest degree of comparison превеликіе, прежестокій, which explicitly indicate a high degree of the described disaster). It is noteworthy that the authors use the verbal noun потоп for the realization of the seme ‘flood’, which gradually started to lose its religious semantics and acquired a secular meaning in the period under study. The Kievan Rus’ tradition is continued by the nomination of this disaster by a verb–noun or an adjective– noun word combination. The main representative of the seme ‘drought’ is the adjective сухий, which is used exclusively in the descriptive constructions in the studied monuments, the substantive component of which is a lexeme to denote a season (весна, літо, осінь). The lexemes холод and мороз realize the seme ‘cold’ in the analyzed written texts. They are used in their full-vowel forms and combined with quantitative forms of adjectives to represent the degree of the natural disaster. A subjective approach to the assessment of the disaster is observed in the implementation of this seme. The lexeme сніг in many contexts implements syncretized semantics: ‘precipitation’ and ‘natural disaster’. A clear idea of the natural disaster is given by the contexts in which the authors use the additional qualifier великій. Occasionally, the adverb with the value of amount combined with another adverb with the value of extent and degree performs the role of an additional qualifier. As evidenced by modern lexicographic works, the development of a figurative meaning occurred in the semantic structure of nouns on the basis of metaphorical transfer. The present-day Ukrainian language inherited most of the one-word names, which continue to operate without changing their basic lexical meaning.

ФУТУРАЛНОСТ У РУСКОМ, ПОЉСКОМ И СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ

Author(s): Isidora Jakšić Perović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 72/2020

Хайнц Миклас на 70 години

Author(s): Maria Šniter / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 37/2018

Характеристика элементов чужого языка в художественных произведениях

Author(s): Karlygash Sarbasova,Gulnara Syrlybaeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2019

The article deals with the elements of "foreign language" (foreign words borrowed from the Russian language) in the character's speech of spoken language, in the language of folk songs, satirical works, in fiction, describes the specifics of the use of barbarisms, borrowed words, jargons. In this regard, the following issues are covered: - the types of "foreign words" are defined, such as: barbarism, borrowed words, jargons. - the analysis of the above-mentioned linguistic elements are carried out in accordance with the direction of the research which were selected from the texts of folk songs, feuilletons, humorous poems, poetic and prose works of the outstanding Kazakh poet, writer, playwright, satirist I. Zhansugurov. - since ancient times, the Kazakh people were closely connected with the Russian nation in the economic, social, cultural and political spheres, therefore, the article describes the features of using Russian words and foreign language elements borrowed through the Russian language. -function of barbarisms. Pronunciation of words, separate words, combinations with the changed morphemic and syntactic structure are considered as barbarisms. - Barbarisms are actively used in spoken language. The authors prove the fact that the reason for this is daily communication with representatives of other ethnic groups. - In the language of folk songs foreign language elements are used for humor, ridicule, satire. - In the text of a satirical work, the elements of a" foreign language", especially in the character's speech are the basis for determining its behavior, temperament, worldview, degree of professionalism and speech etiquette. - The role of borrowed words in an artwork. Borrowing increases the lexical richness of the language serves as a source of new roots, other word-formation elements and terms, expands and nuances the nomenclature of concepts used in different areas of society. The process of borrowing is organic to the language, a natural form of language contact and a source of language change. - The role and importance of foreign language elements in the language of the character is determined. The author's speech and the speech of the characters are distinguished in an artwork. The author's language is a story about phenomena, events, characters, actions of characters, it has an assessment of people, facts. The language of the characters is a means of individualization. It is caused by age, education, profession, mood, temperament, culture of the hero.

ХАРАКТЕРЫ СОВЕТСКИХ ДИССИДЕНТОВ В ЭМИГРАНТСКИХ ЗАПИСКАХ АДВОКАТА ДИНЫ КАМИНСКОЙ

Author(s): Julija Anatoljevna Rusina / Language(s): Russian Issue: XX/2018

Dina Kaminskaya was a defense lawyer of Soviet dissidents and participated in the most famous political trials of the 1960s. She acted as a defense lawyer for the members of the human rights movement in the Soviet Union, the creators and disseminators of samizdat, those who organized protests and demonstrations, including the one on the Red Square in Moscow in August 1968. Leaving the USSR under the threat of arrest in 1977, in exile, she wrote a memoir, Attorney’s notes, which was published in New York by the Chronicle-Press publishing house in 1984. Not only is the Soviet political judicial system with its ideological tricks vividly represented in this book, but also the portraits of those dissidents whom she knew personally and worked for as a lawyer.

Хвалбата между Осанна! и Разпни го!: измерения и символика в български, руски и немски паремии

Author(s): Antoaneta Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 18/2018

The excessive praise, the flattery, the hypocrisy and the boasting are known in all times, cultures and in proverbs and sayings of all nations. This empirical article has as its goal to present similarities and differences in the opinion of the Bulgarian, Russian and German language communities towards defined values and countervalues, reflected in proverbs and sayings in the three languages. On the basis of the terms symbol, poetic symbol, cultural symbol, language symbol and laudation (encomium) the article expounds different semantic dimensions of the concept praise and their imagery in proverbs and sayings in the three languages. For the translation of a proverb possibly are proposed equivalent and analogous proverbs.

Християнско смирение и гражданска непримиримост в детското творчество на Константин Величков

Author(s): Ognyana Georgieva-Teneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2019

The article discusses two key messages of the children‘s works of Konstantin Velichkov: of Christian humbleness and civic implacability. Considering the fact that these values combine relatively rare both in real life and literature, the paper supports the view of the semantic passability at the border between religious-theme poems, presenting man in a silent dialogue with himself and with God, and fables whose allegories refer to the need for an active stance on the socio-institutional status-quo. The analysed texts are interpreted in the paradigm of the modern idea of the Orthodox theology of participation, according to which true humanity implies not only meekness but also benevolence towards the community and disagreement with political autocracy.

ХУДОЖНЄ ПОРІВНЯННЯ ЯК ПЕРЕКЛАДОЗНАВЧИЙ ФЕНОМЕН (НА МАТЕРІАЛІ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ТА АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВ)

Author(s): Oksana Molchko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 5/2017

Simile is viewed as a multifaceted phenomenon deeply rooted in cognitive and lingual peculiarities of an ethnos. Applying a complex approach to simile analysis, it being a study case of the hyponym flower and hyperonym poppy, simile proves to be a fundamental lingual and cognitive phenomenon. It reflects the essential and consistent relationships between the objects of comparison in their lingual form. It is the result of the cognitive segmentation of the outer world whose effect is the comparison of mental images on the basis of a common feature; their verbalization following the corresponding phonetic, morphemic, lexical forms and grammatical constructions with a specific functional load. Simile is the endlessness of images, symbols and concepts to be reverbalised in translation.

Цамблаковата проповед ѻ͗ ѹ͗сопшии– социална картина на живота в България през XIV век

Author(s): Maria Spasova / Language(s): Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The article gives excerpts and information for the social life in the Medieval Bulgaria that are contained in the sermon of Gregory Tzamblak. In contrast to the historical sources where the facts are „painted” with background information, the sermons are characterized by the art peculiarities of the rhetoric prose and with elements of the vivid, folk language. The sermon is a kind of mediator between the clergyman preacher and the laymen who are playing the role of his audience. The theological theses, the Biblical excerpts and their interpretation are given through familiar to the Christians examples. Paintnigs from the real life are being painted and though this represents a Medieval realism of the imitation, the sermon is an authentic historical source for the picture of the social life in.