Publisher: Atlantska inicijativa: Udruženje za promicanje euroatlantskih integracija BiH

Between Salvation and Terror: Radicalization and the Foreign Fighter Phenomenon in the Western Balkans

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The mobilisation of jihadist foreign fighters that has taken place as a result of the conflict in Syria and Iraq has been unprecedented. According to the United Nations, up to 40,000 foreigners from nearly 100 countries have participated in the war. Not all of them will remain part of the movement. Many, have already become disillusioned, turned against their comrades, and “retired“ from fighting. Others, however, will turn up in other conflicts, become involved in terrorist networks, or use their credibility as “veterans“ to recruit new followers. There can be no doubt that the consequences of this mobilisation will be profound and long-lasting. In one of my recent books, I predicted that it will result in a “fifth wave“ of terrorism. Much of the public interest in the foreign fighter phenomenon has focused on Western Europe and the Middle East. The situation in the Balkans, by contrast, has received comparatively little attention. This book is the first comprehensive account of who the foreign fighters from the Balkans are, where they come from, and how they have been radicalised. All the chapters are based on in-depth research and written by leading experts from the region. Their analysis and conclusions are based on empirical facts and a profound understanding of the social and political dynamics in their respective countries. It is this depth of local knowledge that makes the various chapters so interesting and informative.

Bosna i Hercegovina i NATO (izdanje 1)

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Bosna i Hercegovina i NATO (izdanje 2)

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

Community Perspectives on the Prevention of Violent Extremism in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Sead Turčalo,Nejra Veljan / Language(s): English

The purpose of this research was to identify common and distinct factors of resilience or vulnerability to violent extremism in Bosnian communities as well as the influence of key actors on those factors. Cantons selected as case studies had the highest number of parajamaats and foreign fighter departures, such as Sarajevo Canton (SC) and Zenica-Doboj Canton (ZDC), or had no parajamaats or departures, such as Bosnian-Podrinje Canton (BPC). The research sought to answer three main questions: 1) What are key factors of community resilience or vulnerability, and what factors are linked to the development of violent extremist beliefs by individuals and groups and the choice to join foreign violent extremist groups? 2) Which key actors influence community vulnerability or resilience to violent extremism, and how do they shape such dynamics? 3) What is the impact of existing PVE programmes and initiatives in BiH on factors of community vulnerability or resilience to violent extremism? Researchers also wanted to determine: What are the primary entry points for PVE programming and response in BiH? And what crossover exists between PVE activities and peacebuilding and reconciliation efforts in BiH? This research identified several factors and actors that contribute to the degree to which certain communities in BiH have been affected or unaffected by radicalisation. The history of the 1992–1995 war has especially played a decisive role in shaping post-conflict radicalisation processes. This is true both in terms of how wartime actors and activities sowed the seeds of the Salafist movement in BiH and how wartime networks in certain communities increased the likelihood of investment by specific foreign actors in the post-war period. While researchers found that all these communities share some characteristics, including a lack of trust in institutions and a sense of uncertainty about the future, the main differences between affected and unaffected communities are linked to the war.

Democracy and Security in Southeastern Europe

Frequency: irregular and other / Country: Bosnia and Herzegovina

Atlantic Initiative (AI) is a non-profit and non-governmental organization, established in Sarajevo, in 2009, by a group of university professors, lecturers, and journalists, who share common concerns for the future of Bosnia-Herzegovina, particularly its slow-paced accession to NATO and European Union. While we rely heavily on voluntary activism, we also feel that enthusiasm alone is not enough for achieving the desired goal of fast-tracking Bosnia’s Euro-Atlantic integration. We also need and seek wider institutional support. Thus far, we have been carrying out partnership projects with governments of Norway and the United Kingdom, and enjoy support from the NATO QH Sarajevo, Bosnian Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defense, George Marshall Alumni Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as number of similar non-governmental organizations in the region.

Gender and Security Sector Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Majda Bečirević,Željka Šulc,Maja Šoštarić / Language(s): English

This report presents the findings and analysis generated by a needs assessment on gender and securi-ty sector reform (SSR) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). The needs assessment is a joint initiative by the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) and two BiH civil society organiza-tions: the Atlantic Initiative and Žene Ženama with the objective to examine and outline national- and local-level good practices on gender and security sector reform (SSR), as well as areas where further improvements are required. This will enable the development of sustainable and locally-driven future initiatives on gender and SSR, and ensure stakeholder support.The report provides data and analysis on the current state of gender integration in the armed forces, police, judiciary, and penal institutions at the central, entity, and cantonal levels and Brčko District. The gender and security concerns discussed are considered within the current sociopolitical situation and institutional organization of BiH. The report examines the implementation of key national legislation and international instruments relevant for addressing gender in the security sector and explores the gender sensitivity of current policies and practices. Furthermore, the role of civil society organizations (CSOs) working on gender and security, and the forms of cooperation they have with state agencies and institutions, are examined.

Izvještaj o istraživanju : sigurnosne potrebe i problemi Roma u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Majda Halilović,Maida Ćehajić,Edina Bećirević / Language(s): Bosnian

Brojna istraživanja i izvještaji međunarodnih organizacija ukazuju na to da su Romi izloženi višestrukoj diskriminaciji i društvenom isključivanju. U odnosu na druge građane u Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH) samo mali broj Roma ostvaruje pristup obrazovanju, zdravstvenoj i socijalnoj zaštiti. Za mnoge romske porodice, koje su nezaposlene, te žive u teškom siromaštvu, nerijetko jedini izvor prihoda predstavlja prikupljanje sekundarnih sirovina. Mali je broj Roma koji su uspjeli dobiti zaposlenje u zdravstvu, policiji, obrazovanju, pravosuđu, ili općenito u državnim službama u BiH.

Judicial Benchbook - Considerations for Domestic Violence Case Evaluation in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Author(s): Rada Bjeljac,Jasmina Ćosić,Sanela Kovač-Grabonjić,Amela Mahić-Samardžić,Branimir Maletić,Darko Samardžić,Dragan Uletilović,Biljana Vučetić,Adisa Zahiragić / Language(s): English

The purpose of the DV Benchbook is to improve the judicial response to domestic violence and increase the consistency of judicial practice in cases of domestic violence in BiH. While this resource represents the first of its kind in BiH, there are numerous similar resources throughout North America, Western and Northern Europe and other locations across the globe.1 This fact is a testament to the challenge that domestic violence presents to courts and the broader criminal justice system. Indeed, domestic violence constitutes one of the most complicated and difficult socio-criminal issues confronted by judiciaries and criminal justice communities the world over. As such, a resource that can aid courts in evaluating and understanding cases of domestic violence – including deepening critical understanding of social factors identified as mitigating or aggravating – can improve judicial practice and in¬crease judicial consistency. Moreover, in line with the purpose of punishment as listed in the respective criminal codes, the information provided in the DV Benchbook can support the judiciary’s ability to achieve its stated goals: • expressing community condemnation for this criminal offence • preventing the perpetrator from committing the same criminal offence in the future • preventing others from perpetrating this criminal offence • increasing the awareness of citizens of the danger of this criminal offence and the fairness of punishing perpetrators.2 The DV Benchbook represents the best professional judgement of the members of the DV Judge Panel and those collaborating on the development of the resource. It is important to note that this resource constitutes the first of its kind – as a resource on the subject of domestic violence as well as the methodology used to develop the content. The topic of domestic violence was proposed by judges who recognized that judicial practice in BiH had room for improvement. The content was entirely and completely developed by judges – for judges. And while the methodology included support from DCAF/AI and a consultant, that support was limited to identifying and preparing materials and resources for the DV Judge Panel to review. The DV Judge Panel was responsible for outlining and developing the de¬tails of each recommendation made within the DV Benchbook. The unfortunate reality is that domestic violence impacts our communities and our courts – and that impact is likely to continue to grow. Our best intention is to work together to im¬prove understanding of this problem in order to improve our methods and our mechanisms for addressing it within the judiciary. Thus it is our hope that the DV Benchbook will serve as a cornerstone in improving our understanding and developing innovative solutions to this profound problem.

Nelegalni oblici stjecanja znanja na visokoškolskim institucijama u Bosni i Hercegovini : studija socijalne deformacije u akademskoj kulturi

Author(s): Nerzuk Ćurak,Haris Cerić,Sead Turčalo / Language(s): Bosnian

The aim of the study is to conduct a critical analysis of unacceptable practices of acquiring knowledge at faculties of social and other sciences (cheating, plagiarism, using a network of personal relationships, political pressures ...) used by students and, in the context of the overall social reality in which corruption attempts to be established as acceptable social norm, to detect the key causes of deformation in the academic culture in order to stop the process of transforming deforming practices into social pathology.

Novi zov rata u Siriji i bosanskohercegovački kontingent stranih boraca

Author(s): Vlado Azinović,Muhamed Jusić / Language(s): Bosnian

Odlazak građana Bosne i Hercegovine na ratišta u Siriju i Irak, i posebno mogucnost njihovog povratka u zemlju, nisu najozbiljnija niti najneposrednija opasnost po njenu sigurnost. U državi koja opstanak duguje mirovnom sporazumu u koji je ugrađen temeljni spor oko kojeg je vođen rat (1992-1995) – treba li ona biti jedinstvena ili podijeljena – postoje znatno prisutniji sigurnosni rizici. Ova nerazriješena dihotomija, kroz nastavak rata (još uvijek) nenasilnim sredstvima, presudno određuje politicku, društvenu i ekonomsku dinamiku te izravno smanjuje kapacitet države da djelotvorno odgovori na gotovo svaki izazov. Odlasci na strana ratišta nisu izravna posljedica te dinamike. Oni su lokalizacija globalnog fenomena, kojem domaci kontekst ponekad pogoduje, ali su i rezultat drugih procesa koji se ovdje odvijaju skoro četvrt stoljeća. Za to vrijeme Bosna i Hercegovina je od zemlje destinacije za putujuce strane borce postala zemlja njihovog porijekla. Atlantska inicijativa je sredinom 2015. godine objavila istraživanje u kojem je pokušala objasniti ovaj fenomen. Godinu dana kasnije, cini nam se kako je saznanja do kojih smo tada došli neophodno dopuniti novima. Prije svega promjenom hijerarhije motiva koji navode na odlaske, a onda i posljedicama koje je ta promjena proizvela na sadržaj i dinamiku ovog procesa. Zbog toga i dopunjeni naslov ovog istraživanja – Novi zov rata u Siriji i bosanskohercegovacki kontingent stranih boraca.

Preživjele govore: osvrt na odgovore krivičnopravnog sistema na nasilje u porodici u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Majda Halilović / Language(s): Bosnian

Već nekoliko decenija, nasilje u porodici se prepoznaje kao društveni problemi ozbiljna, krivična stvar te se više ne shvata kao privatna stvar porodice koja bi se trebala rješavati izvan krivičnopravnog sistema. Posljedično, potaknuta je analiza unutar krivičnopravnih sistema, koji su počeli preispitivati svoju ulogu u slučajevima nasilja u porodici. U Bosni i Hercegovini (BiH), takva analiza se pojavila prije nekih desetak godina, a djelimično je rezultat međunarodnih nastojanja da se zaustavi diskriminacija nad ženama i skrene veća pažnja na značajna pitanja ženskih prava. U tom cilju, izmijenjeni su važeći zakoni i doneseni novi zakoni o nasilju u porodici; uključujući krivične zakone (Federacija BiH, Republika Srpska, Brčko Distrikt), entitetske zakone o zaštiti od nasilja u porodici i državni Zakon o ravnopravnosti spolova.

Priručnik za tužioce za procesuiranje predmeta nasilja u porodici

Author(s): Vedran Alidžanović,Damir Čačković,Hajrija Hadžiomerović-Muftić,Advija Hajdo Balta,Šeila Heljić,Azra Ibrahimpašić,Dijana Kukobat,Siniša Marković,Žarko Milić,Suada Salkić,Edin Šaćirović / Language(s): Bosnian

Uvođenjem nasilja u porodici kao delikta u odgovarajuće krivične zakone u BiH, od 2003. godine započinju napori krivičnopravnih aktera, posebno nosilaca pravosudnih funkcija, na iznalaženju kvalitetnog i usklađenog pristupa i odgovora na nasilje u porodici; pristupa koji u konačnici treba dovesti do efikasnog kažnjavanja počinilaca i pružanja zaštite žrtvama nasilja u porodici. Policija, tužilaštvo i sudovi kao odgovorni za istraživanje, inkriminiranje i presuđivanje predmeta nasilja u porodici suočavaju se sa brojnim izazovima u radu. Kada je u pitanju postupanje tužilaca, između ostaloga, a prema svjedočanstvima praktičara: po pravilu nema specijalizacije u postupanju; predmetima se u većini slučajeva ne pristupa ažurno; postoji nerazumijevanje različitih elemenata ovog krivičnog djela i nedostatak optuživanja za sve prisutne oblike izvršenog nasilja, drskog ili bezobzirnog ponašanja u porodici; dolazi do čestih obustava istraga ili odustajanja od optužnice uslijed odbijanja oštećene-svjedoka da svjedoči; nedovoljne koordinacije tužilaštva i policije u provođenju istražnih radnji i dr. Postoji prepoznata potreba za unaprjeđenjem odgovora pravosuđa na nasilje u porodici. U kojoj mjeri će institucionalni represivni aparat na različitim nivoima organizacije vlasti u BiH biti spreman ponuditi efikasan pristup u rješavanju predmeta nasilja u porodici zavisiće od brojnih faktora. [...]

Procjena potencijala za obnovu etničkog nasilja u Bosni i Hercegovini : analiza sigurnosnih rizika

Author(s): Vlado Azinović,Bodo Weber,Kurt Bassuener / Language(s): Bosnian

Pretpostavke na kojima je počivala aktuelna međunarodna politika prema Bosni i Hercegovini i posljedična promjena stava od početka 2006. godine glavni su faktori u stvaranju sadašnjeg političkog i društvenog okruženja. Nespremnost da se održe i primijene dejtonski mehanizmi za provedbu i izvršavanje – OHR i EUFOR – te da se pređe na pristup ‘blage sile’ stvorili su okruženje u kojem nema pravila i u kojem se političari osjećaju slobodnim da bez ustezanja rade na ostvarivanju svojih neostvarenih ciljeva. Iako je jasno da sadašnji pristup ne funkcionira, nema kolektivne političke volje za preispitivanjem njegovih temelja. Rezultat takve situacije su sve veće podjele unutar Upravnog odbora Vijeća za provedbu mira između članova koji vjeruju da će instrumentarij EU-a za proširenje biti dovoljan da se spriječi daljnje pogoršanje situacije (Njemačka, Francuska, Italija, Španija, Rusija te same institucije EU-a) i onih koji su sve više skeptični i frustrirani zbog takvog pristupa (SAD, Velika Britanija, Turska, Japan, Kanada i povremeno Holandija).

Rod i pravosuđe. Odabrani rezultati i preporuke o implikacijama roda u pravosuđu Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Majda Halilović,Heather Huhtanen / Language(s): Bosnian

Kako rod utječe na rad pravosuđa? Nekad se pretpostavlja da je zakon objektivan, neutralan i nepristran, te da prema tome rod ili nema ili ima malo utjecaja na njegovu primjenu. A ipak, u razmatranju pravnog stručnjaka odgovornog za provedbu zakona, neizbježno se nameće pitanje s kojim se profesionalni pravnici i pravni naučnici suočavaju kroz historiju pravne nauke – kako pravosudni stručnjaci na koje utječu društvene norme mogu biti nepristrani u provedbi i primjeni zakona? Ovaj izvještaj upućuje na to da pravni stručnjaci – sudije, tužioci, advokati i stručni saradnici – u svoj rad doista unose ne samo svoje akademsko obrazovanje, profesionalno iskustvo, analitičan pristup pravu i dobre namjere, nego i svoje vrijednosti, uvjerenja i mišljenja. Ipak, demokratske pravosudne institucije su opredijeljene za principe pravičnosti i nepristranosti, nosioci pravosudnih funkcija i profesionalni pravnici su obučeni da objektivno primjenjuju zakon, a pravne institucije prepoznaju značaj kontinuirane reforme, razmatranja i unapređenja, kako bi osigurale da se svi oni koji se bave pravom rukovode navedenim principima. Istraživanja sve više otkrivaju granice do kojih pojedinac može biti nepristran i objektivan bez obzira na profesiju kojom se bavi. Naročito su studije utjecaja podsvjesnih stavova, pretpostavki i stereotipa na donošenje odluka pokazale da takozvana implicitna pristranost utječe na skoro svaki aspekt ponašanja, od našeg odnosa prema ljudima koji su drugačiji od nas do biranja proizvoda koje kupujemo. Implicitna pristranost odnosi se na nesvjesne pretpostavke ili stereotipe o određenim društvenim grupama (rod, rasna pripadnost, etnička pripadnost, vjerska pripadnost itd.), koji se razvijaju od malih nogu i s vremenom se sve više ukorjenjuju – u tolikoj mjeri da čak i kada osoba (svjesno) usvoji izričito nepristran pogled na svijet “njeni stereotipi ostaju u velikoj mjeri nepromijenjeni i postaju implicitni (ili automatski)”.

Salafism vs. Moderate Islam: A Rhetorical Fight for the Hearts and Minds of Bosnian Muslims

Author(s): Edina Bećirević / Language(s): English

The overarching goal of this research is to deepen understandings of underlying structural causes of radicalization in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also to discern the individual social and psychological factors that drive radicalization. Since September 11th, and especially with the rise of ISIL, this has been a growing field of research; however, international scholars and practitioners still grapple to properly define some basic terms. Radicalization, extremism, violent extremism, and terrorism are often used interchangeably. This conceptual confusion leads to stereotyping in media and among the general public, and sometimes even among government officials. Thus, it is important to stress that this study takes into account the differences between radicalization of belief, radicalization of behavior that does not lead to violence, and radicalization of behavior that does lead to violence. Indeed, most of the individuals interviewed for this research do not present a security threat to the country. However, in a vulnerable Bosnian society with a recent history of genocide and mass violence, even nonviolent radical behavior deepens fears of “others” and contributes to general social distrust and insecurity. [...]

Smjernice za prevenciju seksualnog i rodno zasnovanog uznemiravanja u pravosudnim institucijama u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English

The New Lure of the Syrian War – The Foreign Fighters’ Bosnian Continge

Author(s): Vlado Azinović,Muhamed Jusić / Language(s): English

The departure of citizens from Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) to battle fields in Syria and Iraq, and the possibility of their return, is obviously worrying; but this is not the most immanent security threat facing BiH, which continues to be constrained by a peace agreement that embodied rather than resolved the fundamental dispute at the heart of the 1992-1995 war – whether the country should be united or divided – and resulted in a sort of socio-political purgatory. This extension of the war by peaceful means not only determines political, social, and economic dynamics in the country, but also limits its capacity to effectively respond to almost any challenge. In this way, the failure of the state in itself produces a number of security risks. Still, individual and group departures to foreign battle fields are not a direct consequence of these dynamics. The foreign fighter phenomenon is instead the localization of a global trend that is thriving in certain contexts. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, this has meant that a country that was once a destination for foreign fighters in the 1990s has now become a country of their origin. In mid-2015, the Atlantic Initiative published a study examining the foreign fighter phenomenon in BiH. A year later, we believe there are new developments that merit another look. For example, we have seen a shift in the motives driving people to depart for Syria and Iraq. Research conducted from the middle of 2015 through the spring of 2016 was based on limited access to police and judicial les and open sources, as well as a series of research interviews with police officers, prosecutors, and diplomats. Due to the sensitive nature of our research and their professional responsibilities, almost all interviewees asked to speak on the condition of anonymity. As researchers, we strive to clearly identify sources; but, acknowledging the need for anonymity in this case, we chose to protect the identities of interviewees. As for the individuals whose activities and personal backgrounds were the subject of this research, we identified them only in cases when, a) they revealed their identities themselves (during online activities on social networks, for instance), b) their identities were published in the media, or c) they were identified in public, after arrests in police raids or when they were prosecuted before the Court of BiH.

Vodič u postupanju: nasilje u porodici – Dodatak Priručniku za sudska razmatranja slučajeva nasilja u porodici u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Nenad Galić / Language(s): Bosnian

Vodič u postupanju sadržinski je komplementaran Priručniku: Sudska razmatranja slučajeva nasilja u porodici u BiH i pripremljen je kako bi sudijama poslužio kao dodatni izvor korisnih informacija u vezi s nasiljem u porodici. Kao takav, vodič obrađuje oblasti koje se nadovezuju na teme i preporuke iz priručnika; ali sadrži i poglavlja koja obrađuju nove teme od značaja za sudsko razmatranje predmeta nasilja u porodici. Prvo poglavlje pruža sažet teorijski okvir nasilja u porodici koji je važan za cjelovitije razumijevanje kompleksnosti fenomena nasilja u porodici. U okviru ovog poglavlja definirano je zlostavljanje kao nasilje u porodici; objašnjeni su uzroci nasilja u porodici; ukratko su predstavljeni faktori rizika povezani sa nasiljem u porodici a koji se često u praksi pogrešno tumače kao uzroci nasilja; te je prikazana tipologija nasilnih veza i njen značaj za rad pravosudnih aktera. U drugom poglavlju predstavljena je tematika poznavanja konteksta nasilja u porodici, a kako bi sudovi imali potpuniju sliku prilikom razmatranja predmeta nasilja u porodici. U ovom dijelu posebno su predstavljene sljedeće teme: seksualno zlostavljanje kao nasilje u porodici, izloženost djece nasilju u porodici i posljedice nasilja na djecu, te davljenje kao oblik ekstremnog nasilja u porodici. Svako potpoglavlje sadrži praktična uputstva za sudije u vezi sa datom temom, s ciljem informiranja sudijske prakse tokom različitih faza krivičnog postupka.

Zov rata u Siriji i bosanskohercegovački kontingent stranih boraca : istraživački projekt

Author(s): Vlado Azinović,Muhamed Jusić / Language(s): Bosnian

Povratnici s ratišta u Siriji i Iraku – iskušani u borbama, vješti u rukovanju oružjem i eksplozivom, i ideološki motivirani – općenito se smatraju izravnom prijetnjom ne samo po sigurnost Bosne i Hercegovine nego i po regionalnu i međunarodnu sigurnost jer se vjeruje da bi se nakon povratka u matičnu zemlju mogli priključiti već postojećim mrežama ideološki radikaliziranih osoba i zajednica ili uspostaviti nove. Smatra se također da bi se takve osobe mogle angažirati u procesu radikalizacije i vrbovanja novih boraca za sukobe u Siriji i Iraku ili da bi njihova znanja i iskustvo mogli biti privlačni nekoj od organiziranih kriminalnih skupina.