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Папството и българите през Средновековието (IX – XV в.)
20.00 €

Папството и българите през Средновековието (IX – XV в.)

Author(s): Vasil Gyuzelev / Language(s): Bulgarian

The present title is an attempt to outline the relations, which the Papacy had with the Bulgarians in a rather continuous period of time – since they first established contacts in the middle of the ninth century up to the role of the Roman Church in the aftermath of the Ottoman invasion in the Bulgarian lands. The book has been divided into three parts. In the first part of the book, the history of the Papacy in the Middle Ages – from the foundation of the Roman episcopate to the dealings of the Renaissance Popes in the second half of the fifteenth century – has been retraced chronologically. The written account is structured along verified sources and reliable historic works of affluent church historians, combined along with general overview on the history of Byzantium and its dealings with apostolic Rome. The second part represents the core of the book; the particular aspects of the links that Bulgaria maintained with the Papacy in the Middle Ages, from the ninth up to the fifteenth century, as well as the various historic periods, have been analyzed there. The research is based on published, as well as unpublished or rather obscure sources. A considerable stress has been placed on those particular stages in times (the second half of the ninth century; the first half of the thirteenth century) when a possibility had arisen for a firm affiliation of Bulgaria to the Roman Church. In the third part, there are translated versions of various documents and narrative sources, which to a great extent illustrate the account, given in the second part of the book. The sources, cited in this section offer a viable opportunity for further research, and because of this they could be considered as an adequate prospect of on-going studies and consequential work on fascinating problem matter of the sort.

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Българите в агиографията от XIII-XV век. Общество, бит и култура
20.00 €

Българите в агиографията от XIII-XV век. Общество, бит и култура

Author(s): Silviya Arizanova / Language(s): Bulgarian

The presentation and analysis of the evidence about the Bulgarian society, lifestyle and culture in the hagiography from the thirteenth through the fifteenth century give diverse types of information that refers to different areas. The strong idealization of the lives of saints, propagated political ideology and the great number of legendary motifs make it difficult to discern what is real in the hagiographic texts. This does not affect their value as sources of information; it just requires that they be used with the necessary attention due to the specifics of this type of works. They are undoubtedly rich in evidence about the spiritual world of the Bulgarians, curious details of their everyday life, and especially in information that we can derive for the Bulgarian society, the attitude towards certain social groups, their functions and position. Hagiography definitely deserves a place at least as an additional source for the medieval Bulgarian history, although there are issues such as education and religious life, for example, where hagiographic works should be considered primary sources par excellence. The evidence derived from the hagiographic literature in this book by no means exhausts all the topics one can find data about in it. It contains also information about political events, about the economy of monasteries, as well as data about towns and villages. Collecting and summarizing this information can reveal interesting new details from the Bulgarian history and can be of help when dealing with other sources.

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“Бях в три страни, които и трите се казват България”. Географско-пътеписни съчинения за България и българите от XV век
15.00 €

“Бях в три страни, които и трите се казват България”. Географско-пътеписни съчинения за България и българите от XV век

Author(s): Vasil Gyuzelev / Language(s): Bulgarian

The present anthology comprises translations of 47 works (travel notes and log books, geography accounts, itineraries, portolans, treatises, sermons, novels and a variety of others); they are made up of either detailed or concise reports dealing with the Bulgarian lands and their inhabitants during the fifteenth century. They are the works of authors of various affiliations in terms of ethnicity, religious denomination or nationality (Arab, Bulgarian, Byzantine, French, German, Hungarian, Italian, Russian, Serbian, Spanish ones, etc.) They are meant to draw out an image of the state of affairs in the Bulgarian lands, as well as of the general state of the Bulgarians during the century in question, and also supplement and add up to the details listed in the papers and historical records pertinent to the period mentioned being of paramount importance in view to the Bulgarian history. They clearly and unequivocally show that during that period of time, the recollections over the Bulgarians and their nation had as of yet been clear and very much alive not only in the minds of many, but also distinct to almost all of Europe. Meanwhile, the details they feature provide for a clarification of the way of life of the Bulgarian people in the first few decades it had under the sway of a foreign rule, their part partaking not only to their history, but to the ones of the Balkans and Europe. The selected works of the remarkable medieval Bulgarian writers from that century, such as Constantine of Kostenets and Vladislav the Grammarian, stand out from the rest in the anthology. Their geographical and travel notes to a large extent account for the vigour of the Bulgarian national creative zest displayed in the course of a grievous century from the Bulgarian history. Brief notes on the certain authors and their works publications have been added to each and every translation of the particular sources. The written commentary with the particular texts is concise and relates a purposive information. A considerable portion of the texts comprised in the respective anthology has for the first time been brought to the knowledge of the reading party in Bulgaria. In a great measure, it is what would determine their significance as tools for a further scientific research.

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Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Byzantine Studies, Sofia, 22-27 August 2011. Volume III. Abstracts of Free Communications
15.00 €

Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Byzantine Studies, Sofia, 22-27 August 2011. Volume III. Abstracts of Free Communications

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,French,Russian,German,Greek, Modern (1453-)

The present volume contains a diverse collection of more than 500 abstracts of free communications and posters presented at the 22nd International Congress of Byzantine Studies. As readers will realize, the forty Congress sessions have been constructed so as to include eminent scholars with substantial experience along with young and upcoming researchers striving to establish themselves in their respective fields. The arrangement of the abstracts follows the structure of the Congress program as put together under the supervision of Vassil Gjuzelev, President of the Organizing Committee. Considerable assistance, during his visit to Sofia in early April 2011, was also provided by Peter Schreiner, President of the International Association for Byzantine Studies, to whom we extend our sincere gratitude. The title of each session is prefixed by the letters FC (“Free Communications”) followed by the number of the respective session. The texts are reproduced with minimal editorial amendments and reflect the personal style and preferences of their authors.

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Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Byzantine Studies, Sofia, 22-27 August 2011. Volume II. Abstracts of Round Table Communications
15.00 €

Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Byzantine Studies, Sofia, 22-27 August 2011. Volume II. Abstracts of Round Table Communications

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,French,Russian,German

In the initial stages of preparation for the 22nd International Congress of Byzantine Studies, the Organizing Committee consulted with the National Committees. Out of those consultations there emerged the five main themes around which the roundtable discussions have been constructed. These are: Philology, Palaeography, Codicology; Archaeology and History; History of Art and Music; Theology and Philosophy; Economy, Politics, Urban Life. From the themes proposed there emerged thirty-nine round-table sessions. Nearly five hundred scholars from all over the world have so far submitted the abstracts for their papers to be discussed in the round-table sessions. The abstracts are presented in this volume. Similar to the plenary-papers volume, this volume displays little, if any, editorial interference with the texts. Please note that RT stands for “Round Table”: this abbreviation appears before each consecutive number in the Congress Program.

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Богатството ми е свободата. Спомени
13.00 €

Богатството ми е свободата. Спомени

Author(s): Petar Shandov / Language(s): Bulgarian

The memories of Petar Shandov are authoritative source about the history of the movements of national-integration for the Bulgarians in Macedonia. During his long and active involvement in this movement Shandov had gathered rich and valuable information about its development, about the controversy and the struggles in it, about the changes of ideas and its evolving and about the figures of that historical period. The chronological range of the memories in this book is form 1908 to 1950. The memories are written in an understandable, enthralling way and are great contribution to the Bulgarian documentations.

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СВ. АТАНАСИЙ АЛЕКСАНДРИЙСКИ, ВТОРО СЛОВО ПРОТИВ АРИАНИТЕ (В СТАРОБЪЛГАРСКИ ПРЕВОД) ПЪРВО ИЗДАНИЕ / SТ. AТНANASIUS ALEXANDRINUS, ORATIO II CONTRA ARIANOS (VERSIONIS PALEOBULGARICAE). EDIТIO PRINCEPS
30.00 €

СВ. АТАНАСИЙ АЛЕКСАНДРИЙСКИ, ВТОРО СЛОВО ПРОТИВ АРИАНИТЕ (В СТАРОБЪЛГАРСКИ ПРЕВОД) ПЪРВО ИЗДАНИЕ / SТ. AТНANASIUS ALEXANDRINUS, ORATIO II CONTRA ARIANOS (VERSIONIS PALEOBULGARICAE). EDIТIO PRINCEPS

Author(s): St. Athanasius Of Alexandria / Language(s): Greek, Ancient (to 1453),Bulgarian,Old Bulgarian

The book contains the Old Bulgarian translation of Athanasius of Alexandria's The Second Oratio against the Arians composed by Konstantin of Preslav in 906. The copy prepared in Novgorod in 1489 is found in MS 968 of the Pogodin collection, St. Petersburg. The parallel Slavonic and Greek texts are provided with Slavonic and Greek readings, comments and index. The index of Oratio II is prepared by prof. Ivan Hristov, Sofia University.Some Glagolitic graphemes in the Cyrillic copy and the translations language confirms the Preslav origin of the protograph of MS 968. The script MS 968 contents short Life of Athanasius, the three authentic Orationes against the Arians, The Encyclical Letter to the Bishops of Egypt an Libya (as The Fourth Oratio) and The Epistle on Easter (as The Fifth Oratio). The Greek protograph of the Slavonic version queries a Greek manuscript, belonging to the so-called tradition x. The researcher claims, that Konstantins version of Oratio II is a subject of a sequentially Greek redaction towards a strict verbatim translation with expressions foreign to the Slavic grammar. A comparison between Oratio II and Oratio III in MS 968 proves, that the Oratio III has not been edited and preserved the feachers of a free translation from a Greek protograph, which had belonged to a mixed x and RSP-tradition. Closest to the Slavonic protograph is the Greek Manuscript Atheniensis gr. 428, X c., some readings are registred only in the manuscripts Patmiacus 4, X-XI c. and Patmiacus A3, XI c.The linguistic exegesis, developed by Athanasius in his comments to the Holy Scripture, was adopted and expanded by Constantine of Preslav to express the antonyms of 'constant, eternal divine substance' versus 'non-divine existence, limited in time and space'. Constantine of Preslav created a theological register and coined a special Slavonic doublets for each of the to dimensions - divine and not divine. He implemented the linguistic exegesis on morphological, syntactical and graphical level, too.A review of the unexplored works, attributed to Athanasius in the South Slavonic tradition, is included; it opens the perspective for further investigation.

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Przemiany syntez niemożliwych. W stronę pedagogiczności podręcznikowej historiografii wychowania
7.00 €

Przemiany syntez niemożliwych. W stronę pedagogiczności podręcznikowej historiografii wychowania

Author(s): Łukasz M. Michalski / Language(s): Polish

The work entitled “The transformations of impossible syntheses. A study on the textbook historiography of upbringing” investigates the intricacies of narrating contemporary historio-educational syntheses applied in academic education. The research strategy adopted in the present work implicates the assumptions of the metahistory of upbringing as well as the hermeneutic conceptualization of a text, which allows to perform the analyses both in the diachronic and in the synchronic context. Three main objectives of the research lead from the characteristics of textbook narration within the history of upbringing, through the outline of its transformations, up to the confrontation with what happened in the last century within the theory of historiography (especially in the context of the so-called ethical turn). The final research objective, which boils down to demonstrating the history of the historiography of upbringing against the background of humanistic “turns” oft-manifested in the theory of historiography, has also become a chance to find the areas hitherto untapped and potentially inspiring for the research conducted within the history of upbringing, but also for the consideration of the paradigmatic identity of the field itself. The opening perspective of the present study emphasizes the significance of the narrational dimension of academic textbooks, and therefore leads to looking upon such texts as not only the syntheses of facts from the past, but also as works characterized by a specific way of naming the educational phenomena that they describe, a network of concepts, an argumentative style or an axiological layer. For the sake of their conceptualization, the vision of text formulated in the book entitled “Granice historyczności” by Barbara Skarga has been adopted in the present work. This idea presupposes the existence of four “layers” in which the meaning of the content is effectuated – these are as follows: subject matter, categories, sense rules, and episteme. Each of the textbooks analysed in the present work is described in accordance with the classification outlined in this way. A broader investigation has been required especially in the case of the sense rules effectuated in historio-educational syntheses, for whose conceptualization a tropological vision of historiography formulated by Hayden White has been additionally adopted.Investigating the characteristics of individual textbooks has allowed to outline the paths of progress for this type of academic writing, originating in the mid-war period (the first of the textbooks analysed was published in 1934) and continuing to the most recent times (the last synthesis came out in the year 2012), and at the same time it allows to see how the narration has (or has not) historically changed at each of the four levels of content, and to what extent it is compatible with the transformations of the contemporary theory of historiography. As a whole, the disquisition emphasizes the indispensability of narratively conscious dealing with the history of upbringing as a basis for humanistic accent of the pedagogy itself.

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Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Byzantine Studies. Sofia, 22–27 August 2011. Volume I, Plenary Papers
50.00 €

Proceedings of the 22nd International Congress of Byzantine Studies. Sofia, 22–27 August 2011. Volume I, Plenary Papers

Author(s): / Language(s): English,French,Russian,German

The main theme of the congress, Byzantium without borders, aims at exploring the role of this great empire in the medieval world and its undiminished contemporary significance. Th e Congress program was designed so as to encourage the presentation of research in both traditional and novel areas. Th e participants’ contributions were arranged in seven plenary sessions and more than eighty associated round tables and panels of free communications, displaying an amazing variety of directions of research. All papers, submitted to the Organizing Committee in time, were published in advance and so we have now a fine collection of three volumes, containing the plenary papers, the abstracts of papers for the round-table discussions, as well as the free-communication abstracts.

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Пътят към „другата” Европа
10.00 €

Пътят към „другата” Европа

Author(s): Raya Zaimova / Language(s): Bulgarian

It is always fascinating to know the image westerners had of the "other" Europe during the centuries. The present book contains information that is unknown to the Bulgarian audience, although the Bulgarians often want to know more about it. As a whole, today’s Bulgarians are more or less familiar with France’s cultural presence from the 19th century on and with the community of Bulgarians, speaking French (the so-called Bulgarian Francophonia). However, the cultural presence of France is much more ancient than France’s colonial expansion. Its history, as far as the Balkans are concerned, is rather long and begins with the times when the Bulgarians were considered "Greeks", which meant "Orthodox Christians". By the way, most Balkan Christians belong to the Orthodox Church. For this reason in the memories of the 16th – 18th century French ambassadors to Constantinople the Balkan Christians are mentioned mainly within the context of the Christian-Muslim relationship. That relationship developed in time and space and gave birth to various images of the "other". The present book deals precisely with these images as reflected in French works that have not been translated into Bulgarian.

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„Da die Tränen der Frauen stark genug sein werden…“. Zum Bild der Frau im Erzählwerk Ina Seidels
7.00 €

„Da die Tränen der Frauen stark genug sein werden…“. Zum Bild der Frau im Erzählwerk Ina Seidels

Author(s): Nina Nowara-Matusik / Language(s): German

The literary works of Ina Seidel, the author of one of the best-selling books in the history of German literature, the novel “Das Wunschkind”, are slowly sinking into oblivion. Called „Ernst Jünger in a skirt”, the writer did not hide her sympathies for the fascist ideology, which also echoes in her works. Not surprisingly, in previous literary studies, her writings were perceived, as a rule, through the prism of criticism of ideology and situated in the context of the literature of the Nazi Germany. // However, the starting point for our dissertation is different. Shifting the research paradigm, in the theoretical part the author sums up the gender theories existing at the time of the Weimar Republic, which was also the period when most Ina Seidel’s texts were written, texts to which the main body of this dissertaion is devoted. These theories constitute a conceptual foil for the analyses conducted in its further part. The concepts discussed are founded on the model of differentiality. The author alludes to the matriarchy theory by the Swiss anthropologist Johann Jakob Bachofen, the notions of feminity and masculinity by the German sociologist Georg Simmel and views on a woman’s role in society from leading representatives of a moderate wing of the feminist movement in Germany – Helena Lange and Gertrude Bäumer. // The analytical part of the dissertation carries an argument focused on the women characters created by Seidel. They are protagonists of both the foreground and the background, representing various types of womanhood: mothers, wives, single women, femme fatales, artists, women professionals and scholars. By way of these, Ina Seidel explores some of her central topics related to being a woman: maternity, childlessness, moral mission of a woman and her role in society. The close reading of her novels leads to the conclusion that the writer applies a specific aesthetic of a „squinting look”. The German literary critic Sigrid Weigel uses this metaphor in reference to the writings of women who, accepting the traditional patriarchal models of gender and moving within the frame of these, simultaneously search for the ways to articulate their own, specifically feminine experiences. On the one hand, Ina Seidel’s narration follows the conservative model of thinking about a woman, typical of her times, in which the superior category is motherhood. On the other hand, however, it indicates that, paradoxically, it is motherhood that can become a woman’s weapon and a starting point for her emancipation.

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Механика срещу символика. Генезисът на новоевропейския историзъм
10.00 €

Механика срещу символика. Генезисът на новоевропейския историзъм

Author(s): Georgi Kapriev / Language(s): Bulgarian

This book interprets, from a philosophical perspective, the changes in the historical thinking of Western European culture in the period of XII-XIII. At that time, under the pressure of the powerful mental and social coups, the process of distancing between the historical and the metaphysical: the separation between the history and the philosophy of history takes place. The naturalization of history and therefore the inevitable favoritism of the methodologies, typical for modernism, are reflected in the positive-mechanistic approach to the "historical". The analysis tracks the transformation of the "searching and viewing" of history, along with the fundamental notions: time, place, image, essence. The new thinking of history produces phenomena that are accepted today as "natural". These include the introduction of history into the corpus of science and the "birth of the author".

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Историко-философски изследвания. Том I Античност. Античната философия като феномен на културата. „Неписаното учение“ на Платон. Наблюдения върху Платоновото понятие за истината. Панеций и платонизацията на стоицизма
20.00 €

Историко-философски изследвания. Том I Античност. Античната философия като феномен на културата. „Неписаното учение“ на Платон. Наблюдения върху Платоновото понятие за истината. Панеций и платонизацията на стоицизма

Author(s): Tzotcho Boiadjiev / Language(s): Bulgarian

The cultural approach is based on the belief that - despite even the most dramatic contradictions between strict and disciplined theory and the hardly perceived detachment and disparity of human habitation - philosophy is nothing but the life itself in the logos. To reconstruct the past philosophical system means not only to correctly restore the logical scheme of the respective doctrine, but above all, to manifest its living flesh, its beyond logical element.

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ВАСИЛ ЛЕВСКИ. ИЗ КРИВИНИТЕ НА ЛИТЕРАТУРНАТА ИКОНОГРАФИЯ
0.00 €

ВАСИЛ ЛЕВСКИ. ИЗ КРИВИНИТЕ НА ЛИТЕРАТУРНАТА ИКОНОГРАФИЯ

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian

Dedicated to the 180th anniversary of the birth of Vassil Levski, this collection gathers in one place the research efforts of literary writers and historians. The aim is tracing the way of the narrative about the historical personality to the sacred status of the national icon of the Apostle. The achieving of this scientific task intertwines the poetry of the "canonization strategist" (Hristo Botev), the words of today's lyricists, the memory of the associates, the "written by the hand of the Apostle", the results of an Olympiad in Taraklia (Moldova), the English press, the today’s children book and even the name of a mystical regiment The research efforts face the mystery of Apostle’s path into and out of monasticism, the words of veterans and philosophers, the ode and the rhapsody, the camera and the paint brush, the sound and the letter... To draw a never-ending journey, that will forever - and everywhere, accompany the Bulgarian spirit.

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Rodna ravnopravnost: Teorija, pravo, politike. Uvod u rodne studije za studentice i studente društvenih nauka u BiH
0.00 €

Rodna ravnopravnost: Teorija, pravo, politike. Uvod u rodne studije za studentice i studente društvenih nauka u BiH

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Rodne studije, kao interdisciplinarno područje istraživanja, dio su univerzitetskih kurikuluma u svijetu, a feminizam je postao važna paradigma akademskih rasprava. Situacija u Bosni i Hercegovini bitno je drugačija te, iako su stvorene neke pretpostavke za institucionalizaciju rodnih studija, obrazovni i naučnoistraživački procesi i dalje o(p)staju kao mjesto održavanja patrijarhalnog sistema. Naime, za institucionalizaciju rodnih studija važna su dva međusobno povezana segmenta. Prvi segment se odnosi na pokretanje naučnih časopisa i instituta iz oblasti rodnih studija. Drugi se odnosi na prisustvo sadržaja iz ovih oblasti u nastavnim planovima i programima na svim nivoima obrazovanja. S jedne strane, u oba segmenta možemo pratiti kontinuitet institucionalizacije u neformalnom sektoru, gdje nevladine organizacije radi daljeg aktivističkog djelovanja nužno preuzimaju teret obrazovnog i naučnoistraživačkog rada. Ovu tezu, na primjer, potvrđuju programi neformalnog obrazovanja iz rodnih/ženskih/feminističkih studija, kao i istraživanja i bogata izdavačka produkcija nekih nevladinih organizacija. S druge strane, u formalnom sektoru koji je za proces institucionalizacije u suštini ključni, može se pratiti diskontinuitet organizacijskih formi rodnih studija, pasivnost na višim nivoima i njegova ovisnost o individualnim naporima nastavnog kadra. Ovu tezu potvrđuje, na primjer, činjenica da značaj aktivnosti na organiziranju programa rodnih studija na II i III ciklusu pri Centru za interdisciplinarne studije Univerziteta u Sarajevu nije prepoznat. Ipak, na nekim bh. fakultetima nastavni planovi obuhvataju i obavezne ili izborne nastavne predmete iz oblasti rodnih studija.

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Szlak twierdz bastionowych na pograniczu śląsko‑małopolskim
4.50 €

Szlak twierdz bastionowych na pograniczu śląsko‑małopolskim

Author(s): Dariusz Michał Nawrot / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

A line of fortresses; which were supposed to protect the border of Silesia in the modern period; is presented in this paper. A line of fortresses in Pilica; Częstochowa; Danków and Krzepice was built at that time. They protected the tracks inside Lesser Poland from the northwest. The architecture of these objects makes it possible to present the use of the solutions proposed by styles of fortification; present in Europe at the end of the sixteenth and in the seventeenth century. The visit in the area allows to estimate skills of the engineers of that time in adjustment of particular objects to the local terrain’s conditions; and it also helps to understand the usage of particular structures in the chosen part of fortification. The history of these fortresses in the modern period is a great possibility to get acquainted with the history of that region; which was full of not well known events; not only in the modern age.

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From Influence and Confluence to Difference and Indifference.  Studies on History of Religions. Edited by Mihaela Gligor
0.00 €

From Influence and Confluence to Difference and Indifference. Studies on History of Religions. Edited by Mihaela Gligor

Author(s): Mihaela Gligor,Jeremy Biles,Carl Olson,Jerry Cullum,Melanie Barbato,Maria-Daniela Pomohaci / Language(s): English

By this volume, the first of Cluj Center for Indian Studies Collection, we do not try to explain the differences or the similarities among religions or different periods of time. We only try to introduce the reader into the fascinating world of religions and faiths. Each and every one of them has something unique about it. There are a great many similarities among world’s religions and yet a great many differences. As in the case of multiculturalism, a term we usually understand as a practice of giving equal attention or representation to the cultural needs and contributions of all the groups in a society (special emphasis may be given to minority groups underrepresented in the past, as through bilingual education), in case of religions general approaches are alike: the term “religion” defines internal relationships among communities relatively circumscribed, and also among people of specific provenience engaged in external, professional, cultural, linguistic, or any other relations.

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Die böhmische Leibeigenschaft in Rechtsdokumenten (1648-1742)
16.00 €

Die böhmische Leibeigenschaft in Rechtsdokumenten (1648-1742)

Author(s): Ivo Cerman,Michal Morawetz / Language(s): German

After the Thirty Years’ War the peasants in Bohemia found themselves living in a harder version of subject status (Untertänigkeit) which was known as ‘Bohemian serfdom’ (böhmische Leibeigenschaft). The present edition of German and Czech legal documents reconstructs the formative phase of this legal institution up to the Franco-Bavarian occupation of the Bohemian lands, when Maria Theresia was compelled to discuss the abolition of subject status and serfdom. It was during this debate that ministers in Vienna commissioned a legal opinion entitled Deductio ratione servitutis bohemicae et moravicae which describes the legal competencies and disabilities of serfs in full. In so doing this document, which is edited here, closes the formative phase of Bohemian serfdom. The edition, which is inspired by US works on slavery, includes also documents on the the status of newly born kids. It also focuses on natural law arguments.

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Tarihi Perspektifte İnovasyondan Günümüz İnovatif Okuryazarlığına

Tarihi Perspektifte İnovasyondan Günümüz İnovatif Okuryazarlığına

Author(s): Asiye Yüksel / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Innovation is ubiquitous today. Organizations use the term innovation in their statements, and politicians regularly mention the term innovation in their speeches. To determine what innovation is and is not, it is important to first define it. Reviewing the semantic journey without going through today's definitions of innovation will further reinforce the importance of the concept we think is current. Considering the historical journey of the concept, it would be correct to say that its meaning has moved from negative to positive. In this section, the semantic journey of innovation is handled from a historical perspective and a literature analysis is made about the meaning it has reached today. It has been seen that the meaning of the concept has developed a lot in both lexical and scientific terms.

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Наративите в немската култура по времето на Реформацията (1517-1648)
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Наративите в немската култура по времето на Реформацията (1517-1648)

Author(s): Maria Endreva / Language(s): Bulgarian

This is a presentation of the era of Reformation in Germany.

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