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„История на БАН“, част първа (1869 – 1947). Под редакцията на Илия Тодев. София: Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“, 2015, ISBN 978-954-322-791-4
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Dr. Ivan Seliminski is one of the most prominent representatives of the Bulgarian Revival and Enlightenment. He was born in Sliven at the end of 1799. He received his education at a Greek school in Kidonia – Asia Minor. He participated in the Greek uprising (1821–1824), for which he received two Greek orders. He made a tour of several European countries. In 1825 he returned to his hometown and worked for six years as a teacher. During this time, under his leadership, a secret association called „People’s Brotherhood“ was created, which aimed to liberate the Bulgarians from the slavery of the Ottoman Empire. After the Adrianople Peace Treaty (1829), he organized the resettlement of the population of Sliven in Bessarabia and Romania. In 1840, he studied medicine at the Athens University, graduated with honors and specialized surgery in Italy. Since 1848 he was a doctor in Romania. He participated in the Crimean War (1853 – 1856). In 1858 he was appointed as a district doctor in the district of Ialomitsa. By the end of his life, he had a vigorous educational activity among Bulgarian emigrants, often healing them for free. Dr. Ivan Seliminski emerged as a great thinker and publicist. His natural sciences and philosophical works became known to the Bulgarian public through numerous reports, articles and speeches, as well as through the huge correspondence with the activists of the educational movement and with various Bulgarian municipalities and organizations. In his „spiritual testament“ written three years before his death, he determined three young people of his same ethnic group to study in European universities using funds coming from properties of his own. He died on July 21, 1867 in the Dalhautsi Monastery (Romania). The Sliven Hospital was established in the spring of 1879. Nowadays it is a leading medical institution in Sliven and in the Sliven region. In 1956 it was awarded the name of the distinguished doctor, teacher and public figure Dr. Ivan Seliminski. On April 7, 1980 a monument of Dr. Ivan Seliminski was inaugurated in front of the administrative building of the hospital.
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A budai Egyetemi Nyomda kiadványainak szerepe a románok identitásának erősödésében
The first part of the study presents the indirect relations of Gh. Șincai, member of the Transylvanian School with the Society for the cultivation of the Hungarian language in Transylvania and with Aranka György. Through the presentation of relations, we have tried to outline how the Transylvanian Hungarian intellectuals could help the work of the Romanian scientist and how contributed to his nomination of reviser and censor of the University Press of Buda in the first place. The second part of this academic paper deals with the Romanians four languages Lexicon, paying attention especially to the strengthening of the Romanian identity.
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Alexandru Ciurcu was born at 29thJanuary 1854 inTransylvania (then in Austria-Hungary) where his Romanian parents took refuge after the 1848 revolution. Between 1876 and 1885, working as journalist in Bucharest, he invented a „jet cylinder”: a prototype of the future propulsion system he will make later in Paris with his friend Just Buisson. Ciurcu and Buisson tested the system on a boat, navigating upstream Seine River on 13thAugust 1886; so, 131 years ago, they tested the first manned vehicle ever powered by jet propulsion!On 12th October 1886, they received a French Patent for “Reactive propulsion system”.Before contract signing with French Civil Navigation Ministry, they made a last test on 16th December 1886; unfortunately, a pressurised container exploded, killing Buisson and anassistant. Ciurcu, wounded, survived. He later resumed testing the system on a railroad trolley; successfully, but not enough to develop an airship propulsion system.
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120 years ago, from 19 to 28 March 1895, a unifying Congress was held in Sofia, which established the Macedonian Committee (MC) as the governing body of a general organization which was joined by the Macedonian societies in Bulgaria and Romania and student societies in Western Europe and Russia.
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The year 1898 marked the first jubilee of Vasil Levski – 25 years since his hanging. The dynamics of political processes in liberated Bulgaria at the time present a rather interesting and particularly complex picture against the background of which this event unfolded. The stereotype of jubilee celebrations was yet to consolidate and this particular occasion – the anniversary since the death of the Apostle of freedom – makes visible the deep political contradictions inherited from previous historical realities. The manifestations of these contradictions can be seen in the press in 1898.
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ЯВОРОВ КАТО КОЛЕКТИВНА МЕТАФОРА
This article, which may conventionally be classified under the genre philosophy of history, develops two metaphors of high symbolic value. The first is the year 1914, as the start of World War I, the third and last in a se-ries of wars at the start of the 20th century in which Bulgaria was involved. It led teleologically to the year 1919 (Neuilly) which marked the symbolic – therefore absolute – end of the Bulgarian National Revival. The second metaphor is the figure of Yavorov in its his mytho-biographical projection – the poet’s suicide in October 1914 can be seen as a collective metaphor, as a metaphor of a collective ontological loss; but also as an attainment of a qualitatively new state; as the loss of the Revival’s monolithic national aspect and the acquiring of the tragic experience of Modernity and its social fragmentariness.
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Turkish intellectuals who has survived by taking the “state” as a pivot from Ottoman Empire till the Republic has switched to the questioning of “How does the state continue its existence and how does it modernize itself?” in 1930s from “How is the state established?” and tried to govern the political power with this mission attached themselves. This governance could be occurred by drawing of a dissent intellectualist figure to the political power or with a supportive and favorable manner of political power. Kadro journal which is a pioneer movement of the 1930s and its ideologist Şevket Süreyya chosen to govern political power with supportive manner and interpreted the Kemalism-ideology of revolution from this perspective. However, it is also difficult to say that the revolution ideology of 1930s overlaps directly with Kemalism. Turkish intellectual who is trained at the state, an officer at the government and state-oriented, reveal its own differences even with small nuances. This article focuses on Şevket Süreyya Aydemir, who revealed these small nuances in 1930s with further growing nuances in 1960s. The difference between the 1930s and 1960s is that in the 1960s the reason for existence did not depend on political power. Turkish intellectual, specific to Şevket Süreyya, can exist within the boundaries drawn by political power in the 1930s, was trying to lead both political power and the public in this narrow living area. However, the Turkish intellectuals were critical despite their avoidance of criticism of Kemalism. Şevket Süreyya had critical thoughts despite the limited partnership with political power and his ideology for the revolution did not coincide with Kemalism. The places where this non-overlap is most obvious are the principles of nationalism, populism and etatism.
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The article presents the chronology of the events of 1968 in Poland and reviews their past and present interpretations. The perspective is that of a participant in the events and an engaged scholar. Eight versions of what happened are discussed, including those of conspiracy and provocation. The change in focus of the 1968 anniversary celebrations from exclusively Polish to predominantly Jewish is also analyzed.
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2. Mednarodni festival: La storia in testa: imperi, ascesa, declino, ideologie, Gorica, 19. - 21. maj 2006
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The two authors consider the importance of the heritage of St. Sofronii Vratchanski in the history of Bulgarian education. The put emphasize on his ideas for revival of Bulgarian philosophy in the context of the criteria of the European thinkers.
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The article dwells on the causes which led to the famous Battle of the Teutoburg Forest in AD 9, its outcome and subsequent significance for the history of Germany. The author focuses on the inclusion of the victory over the Romans 2, 000 years ago in the construction of the German national idea from the from the Renaissance to the present day, as well as on the creation of the myth about Hermann the Victor.
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The 150th anniversary of the discovery of Periodic Table of chemical elements by Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869 will be celebrated in 2019 year. The key role of Mendeleev’s work on elements systematization is presented in brief together with the indispensable efforts of many other chemists too. Different types of Periodic tables and the development of ideas concerning the structure of a table or other graphical representations of the existing state-of-art over years are shown in a more historical point of view.
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The article employs the egodocumentary approach to examine how the private writings of Albertas Dilys (1920–2000), political prisoner and Lithuanian scholar of the 1920s generation, records and reflects upon his refusal to compromise under the circumstances of the Soviet occupation. Dilys was part of the generation who were born on the eve of the creation of the State of Lithuania – between 1917 and 1922 – and who, having graduated from the schools of the newly independent state, entered university by the end of 1930s with a distinct aim to contribute to the European culture worthy of a free nation. However, the Second World War and the alternating Nazi and Soviet occupations brought an end to these youthful ideals. Because the existential choices made by these young people pulled the generation apart and, in regard to the Soviet oppression, disseminated it both geographically and axiologically, defining its conceptual coherence is somewhat problematic. Yet, reflecting on separate individual choices may help us understand the people’s motivation and the paradigms which bring this generation together on the one hand and break it up on the other. Rather than appraise the decisive generational self-conceptions in the context of 1944, the case of Albertas Dilys enables us to look into the different manifestations of conscious existential resolve, its origins, and consequences. The notion of the 1920s generation here describes the humanities students with literary aspirations who first studied at Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas and then at Vilnius University. As high-school pupils, most of them took part in the Ateitis movement, which was a Catholic organisation opposed to the Lithuanian government of the day. At university, they joined Šatrija, a society dedicated to the study of art, literature, and philosophy. At the centre of the present research are documents testifying to Dilys’ personal existential quest and self-realisation in the context of repressions and further oppression: his memories, correspondence, notes, journals. To frame the research material, the article makes partial use of intertextual and sociocritical analysis. Dilys’ egodocumentary accounts are examined in light of historically reliable biographical and background facts. This article aims to discover and highlight in Dilys’ egodocuments his testimonies of self-reflection, personal resolve and its consequences and, by means of comparative analysis, to look for similar premises in the accounts of other contemporaries in order to indicate the epistemological gaps in the research field of the 1920s generation. Dilys’ case is by no means typical; cases like his have been deemed marginal in most sociological and sociocultural research. The history of existential choices and reflection on it, as testified in Dilys’ egodocuments, have a distinct character: emphasis is placed on inner resistance, whose parallels extend into the spiritual maturity derived from youthful ideals, the quest for the meaning of life, and the adoption of an ethical position at the expense of career development and professional life and subjection to ostracism and relative poverty. This egodocumentary research reveals the complexity of uncompromising choices and their consequences in a repressive and oppressive society. Dilys’ egodocuments are strongly oriented toward the past as well as the ideal of youth and the pastoral world of the parental home. Similar utopian undertones and pathos as well as solidarity with the 1920s generation of idealists trapped in a historical downfall – characteristically, this generation is perceived from passéist perspective, in retrospective projection that centers on the youthful past – crop up in the accounts of other former members of Šatrija. The paradigm of Dilys’ existential choices calls for a further inquiry into the life of the 1920s generation.
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The Yugorock of the 70s-90s was not rejected a priori by the regime, as it occurred in the other socialist countries. The Communist Party believed that it was harmless as long as the authorities monitored it closely. The outbreak of the civil war in 1991 coincided with the “cultural” debut of turbofolk in Serbia and Serbian territories throughout Yugoslavia. It was characterized as a suburban culture movement, “tasted” by uneducated supporters of Slobodan Milošević’s style and that abounds in elements of kitsch by promoting peripheral messages such as “war glamour”, “greedy is cool”, “get rich quickly”, able to fascinate a decomposing society. In the last decade of the 20th Century, the hostile historical context turned Serbia of Slobodan Milošević into the victim of a predominant cultural “narcissism”, where certainties were eliminated and where the infallibility of the new Leader tended to become immanent.
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Die Reformation vor 500 Jahren gilt als welthistorisches Ereignis. Sie hat die Staatsbildung vor allem in Europa und in der westlichen Welt beeinflusst und durch Bildungsmobilisierung gesellschaftliche Emanzipationsbewegungen sowie Menschenrechtsentwicklung nachhaltig befördert. Dennoch: Die religiösen Freiheitsideen der Reformatoren waren nicht der Vorläufer des modernen demokratischen Verfassungsstaates und der direkte Auftakt zur europäischen Freiheitsgeschichte. Mit Reformation und Gegenreformation wurden nicht nur religiös-weltanschauliche Pluralisierung möglich, sondern auch ein langer Prozess der Säkularisierung eingeleitet, zumindest in Westeuropa. Die Reformation war eine Revolution des Geistes. Sie gab Anstöße zur Selbstermächtigung des Menschen (self-empowerment of humans) und beförderte die Entstehung eines selbstbewussten Bürgertums. Dies bleibt als reformatorisches Vermächtnis und Aufgabe in der globalisierten Welt der Gegenwart: Die Auseinandersetzung mit Pluralität und kultureller Vielfalt sowie die Erkenntnis, dass der Kampf um die Freiheit nur mit der Übernahme von Verantwortung erfolgreich sein kann
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