LIMEN 2024 / 10 – Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Organisational Sustainability – The Effects of Destructive Leadership on Organisational Effectiveness in Healthcare Organisations

Organisational Sustainability – The Effects of Destructive Leadership on Organisational Effectiveness in Healthcare Organisations
(Organisational Sustainability – The Effects of Destructive Leadership on Organisational Effectiveness in Healthcare Organisations)

Author(s):Roland Seese, Katalin Diossi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1-6
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Destructive leadership; Healthcare sector; Employee well-being; Organisational effectiveness; Patient care outcomes
Summary/Abstract:This systematic literature review examines the latest findings on destructive leadership within the healthcare sector, focusing on its impact on employee well-being, organizational effectiveness and patient care outcomes. Using databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO and Scopus, peer-reviewed studies published in the past five years were analysed to ensure the inclusion of current research. The review prioritises studies with rigorous methodologies, including longitudinal designs and meta-analyses, to provide robust insights. The findings reveal that destructive leadership, including toxic leadership and abusive supervision, significantly contributes to burnout, emotional exhaustion and reduced job satisfaction among healthcare professionals. Additionally, such leadership behaviours negatively affect organizational performance and patient care quality. Contextual factors, such as the high-stress environment of healthcare settings, were identified as catalysts for destructive behaviours, underscoring the role of organizational culture and leadership training in mitigating these effects.

Modern Organizational Leadership for Social Impact: Transformative Organizational Challenges and Future Implications

Modern Organizational Leadership for Social Impact: Transformative Organizational Challenges and Future Implications
(Modern Organizational Leadership for Social Impact: Transformative Organizational Challenges and Future Implications10)

Author(s):Yuliyan Narlev
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:7-15
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Ethical leadership; Social impact; Social capital; Modern management; Organizational resilience; Community engagement; Sustainability; Transformative leadership
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the critical role of modern organizational leadership in fostering sustainable social impact amid the challenges of contemporary management structures. Focusing on the "too much management" syndrome, which often limits organizational responsiveness to social needs, the paper advocates for a transformative shift toward ethical leadership models. Drawing from ethical leadership framework and Social Capital Theory, the analysis explores how ethical leadership prioritizes trust, transparency, and community engagement, enhancing social capital within organizations. Through case studies and theoretical insights, we demonstrate how these leadership practices contribute to resilience, accountability, and a purpose-driven workforce. Finally, the paper discusses future implications, emphasizing the need for leadership models that align business strategy with social responsibility to build sustainable organizations capable of adapting to socio-economic shifts and fostering long-term community impact.

Sustainability Aspects of Generational Change in the Leadership of Small and Medium Enterprises in Hungary

Sustainability Aspects of Generational Change in the Leadership of Small and Medium Enterprises in Hungary
(Sustainability Aspects of Generational Change in the Leadership of Small and Medium Enterprises in Hungary)

Author(s):Katalin Diossi, Roland Seese
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:17-21
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Sustainability; Generational change; Leadership; Small and medium enterprises; ESG
Summary/Abstract:Generational change in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is an influential moment that carries great implications for sustainability. This study explores the sustainability dimensions of generational transitions within Hungarian SMEs, focusing on the challenges and opportunities of this process. Drawing on qualitative interviews with family business owners and their successors, the research highlights the integration of sustainable business practices as a critical factor during ownership and leadership handovers. Findings reveal that while many SMEs face risks such as loss of institutional knowledge, generational change also presents opportunities to develop sustainable practices. The study emphasizes the importance of strategic succession planning and fostering intergenerational collaboration to meet environmental, social and governance (ESG) goals.

The Manager`s Personality – Forged in the Heat of Determinism

The Manager`s Personality – Forged in the Heat of Determinism
(The Manager`s Personality – Forged in the Heat of Determinism)

Author(s):Raluca Ioana Craciun
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:23-32
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Layered personality; Determinism; Genetic legacy; Education;Culture;Social environment; Climate;Gender
Summary/Abstract:In thequicksandofourbusinessworldtoday, the figure of themanager appearslikeafulcrum, acharacterexpectedtokeepthebusinessinbalanceno matterthecircumstances, owingtosomespecialskillsandqualities. Theideal manager features a layered personality that brings together a wide variety of qualities and skills, just like in a colorful mosaic. The present paper tries to unveil one by one all the `layers` of the managers` inner structure and to understandhowdifferentformsofdeterminismgenerateparticularfeatures which altogether finally shape an efficient leader.

Captain Miša Anastasijević – The Great Socially Responsible Personality and Leader from the Past of Serbia and Romania

Captain Miša Anastasijević – The Great Socially Responsible Personality and Leader from the Past of Serbia and Romania
(Captain Miša Anastasijević – The Great Socially Responsible Personality and Leader from the Past of Serbia and Romania)

Author(s):Biljana Stojanović-Višić, Zoran Zdravković, Jelena Mitić,
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:33-41
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Captain Miša Anastasijević; Socially responsible personality; Leader; Benefactions
Summary/Abstract:The paper will explore the character and work of Captain Miša Anastasijević, his business and benefactions in Serbia and Romania. Prince Miloš Obrenović appointed him as Danube captain, and with that position, he entered the sphere of diplomacy and international justice. His benefactions are numerous. He donated his magnificent building in Belgrade, today known as the Captain-Miša building, to “his fatherland” for educational purposes. He financed the Belgrade Reading Room and gave many charitable contributions to the National Theatre in Belgrade, as well as to churches, schools, writers and the poor in Serbia and Romania. Today, more than ever, we need such leaders and socially responsible personalities, that is why Captain Miša Anastasijević should be promoted as an example to current and future generations and cultural heritage should be nurtured through institutional support and projects, which the authors will point out and give suggestions.

Study on Founding a Self-Knowledge and Personal Development Program

Study on Founding a Self-Knowledge and Personal Development Program
(Study on Founding a Self-Knowledge and Personal Development Program)

Author(s):Daniel Daneci-Patrau, Anastasia Elena Duse
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:43-52
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Career; Orientation program; Professional counselling
Summary/Abstract:As far as the labor market is concerned, the continuous evolution of society leads to an increase in competitiveness and a change in the standards for employment. Professional qualification and training, as a result of training and specialization courses, stand as advantages when finding and getting a job. Young people have to attain the standards required by this new social reality imposed by modern society. The proposed career guidance program is the result of own research and aims to stimulate the motivation of high school graduates or graduates of other forms of education to establish a change in their attitude and behavior as to maximize their chances of social acceptance within the Romanian labor market. The professional counseling and orientation program responds to the needs of young people’s social-professional integration, contributing both to overturning their negative opinions towards labor, responsibility, society, and to facilitating their efforts to occupy a certain role in the community.

Employer Branding in the Digital Age: Leveraging Social Media for Talent Attraction

Employer Branding in the Digital Age: Leveraging Social Media for Talent Attraction
(Employer Branding in the Digital Age: Leveraging Social Media for Talent Attraction)

Author(s):Tatjana Jovanović.
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:53-60
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Employer branding; Social media; Talent attraction
Summary/Abstract:The role of employer branding in the 4th industrial revolution, characterized by rapid technological advancements and the rise of social media, is becoming increasingly vital. As the pace of information dissemination accelerates, employer branding is crucial for attracting talent, particularly amid workforce shortages and the “war for talent.” A central question addressed in this paper is: how can employer branding be developed through social media, and where should companies begin? A case study from an FMCG company illustrates a strategic approach to building employer branding via social media platforms, highlighting its impact on talent attraction. The findings offer actionable insights for companies looking to implement effective employer branding initiatives, ultimately improving recruitment outcomes and enhancing organizational reputation in a competitive labor market.

Innovative Approach to Employee Motivation through Incentive Tourism: Analysis of Hilton Costabella Beach Resort & Spa

Innovative Approach to Employee Motivation through Incentive Tourism: Analysis of Hilton Costabella Beach Resort & Spa
(Innovative Approach to Employee Motivation through Incentive Tourism: Analysis of Hilton Costabella Beach Resort & Spa)

Author(s):Daniela Gračan, Nikolina Šerić Honović, Dora Šimunić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:61-69
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Hilton Costabella Beach Resort & Spa; Human resources management; Work productivity
Summary/Abstract:Motivation is the fundamental driver of human behavior and a key management tool for achieving goals within organizations. This paper investigates the management of human resources through motivation, with special emphasis on incentive travel as a specific form of reward. Incentive travel is a powerful motivational tool that, through unforgettable experiences and customized rewards, significantly increases employee motivation, team bonding and productivity. Based on secondary data, previous scientific research on tourism incentives and motivational theories is presented. The empirical part of the work includes the analysis of in-depth interviews of the management of different departments of the Hilton Costabella hotel with employees who had the opportunity to participate in incentive trips as a reward for their business results. Research shows a significant positive impact of incentive trips on employee motivation as well as the overall success of organizations, especially in the tourism sector. The results indicate that the alignment of motivational strategies with the needs of employees contributes to the creation of a positive working atmosphere, increases loyalty and ensures the long-term success of the organization.

Employee Competence as a Key Factor of Motivation and Satisfaction in the Hotel Sector

Employee Competence as a Key Factor of Motivation and Satisfaction in the Hotel Sector
(Employee Competence as a Key Factor of Motivation and Satisfaction in the Hotel Sector)

Author(s):Vjera Jelovac - Šitum, Tanja Untersweg
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:71-78
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Improvement of professional development; Job satisfaction; Motivation; Hotel product quality
Summary/Abstract:As a key component of the tourism industry, the Republic of Croatia’s hotel sector requires highly competent employees to meet guests’ expectations and ensure a competitive advantage. This paper investigates the influence of employees’ competence on their motivation and job satisfaction. Competence was analysed through professional skills, interpersonal skills and adaptability, taking into account the specifics of the hotel industry. The research was conducted among hotel employees in the Republic of Croatia, using a questionnaire. The results show that employee competence significantly contributes to their motivation, work engagement, expectation and satisfaction. Key motivational factors include opportunities for education and advancement, while employee satisfaction stems from a positive work environment, management support, and recognition of their contributions and its seasonality. Employees with a higher level of professional competence express a greater sense of self-confidence, loyalty to the employer and job satisfaction. In addition, a clear connection was observed between direct investments in employee development and the overall quality of services provided by the hotel, which affects guest satisfaction and the hotel’s financial performance. The conclusions point to the need for continuous investment in the development of employee competencies to ensure the sustainability and quality of business in the Croatian hotel sector. Concrete strategies are proposed for improving professional development and creating a stimulating work environment, which encourages employee motivation and satisfaction, which is directly reflected in the experience.

Exploring the Nexus of Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Capital: A Bibliometric Analysis

Exploring the Nexus of Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Capital: A Bibliometric Analysis
(Exploring the Nexus of Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Capital: A Bibliometric Analysis)

Author(s):Natalia Slyvkanyč, Jozef Glova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:79-87
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Intellectual capital; Artificial intelligence; Factorial analysis; Bibliometric analysis
Summary/Abstract:This study presents a thorough bibliometric and factorial analysis of the intersection between Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Intellectual Capital (IC). As AI increasingly reshapes the management and application of IC, research in this domain has expanded significantly. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset from a prominent academic database, this paper maps the intellectual framework, identifies key authors, journals, and institutions, and uncovers essential trends and thematic clusters in AI and IC research. The study visualises the intricate relationships and factors that define the AI and IC knowledge landscape by employing advanced bibliometric techniques such as co-citation analysis, keyword co-occurrence, and conceptual mapping alongside factorial analysis. Factorial analysis facilitates the identification of latent variables and deeper thematic groupings, thereby enriching the interpretation of bibliometric results. Key themes are prominently highlighted. The findings clarify the current state of AI and IC research and propose future research directions and potential applications in this evolving field.

Chatbots at Work - A Qualitative Case Study to Analyse the Service Quality of Chatbots in the Public Sector in Austria

Chatbots at Work - A Qualitative Case Study to Analyse the Service Quality of Chatbots in the Public Sector in Austria
(Chatbots at Work - A Qualitative Case Study to Analyse the Service Quality of Chatbots in the Public Sector in Austria)

Author(s):Renata Kinyo, Katarina J. Auer-Zotloeterer, Christine Strauss
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:89-95
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Chatbots; Public administration; Artificial intelligence; Service quality; System quality; Information quality; Case study
Summary/Abstract:Recent developments in the field of information technology and the rapid rise in artificial intelligence-based applications are increasingly leading to the implementation of chatbots. In addition to the private sector, chatbots are also being more and more used in the public sector. If public administrations ensure the characteristics of service, system, and information quality with their chatbots, the interaction between citizens and government can be improved, and thus the customer experience can be turned for the better. The study at hand provides insights into the status-quo of implemented chatbots in selected Austrian public administration websites. Methodologically Yin’s embedded multiple case study approach is used, and is carried out on four cases from public administration and five cases from the energy sector. Based on the classic SERVQAL approach a 10-layer structure has been designed to make the performed tests with the chatbots transparent and comparable. The results show for the analysed cases that the application of chatbot technology is still in its infancy, and is not yet being used: neither across the whole public sector nor at its potential functional capacity. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that there are major qualitative differences between the analysed chatbots. It was found that the currently implemented administration chat¬bots have potential for improvement in terms of their problem-solving ability, reliability, adaptability, user-friendliness, and information quality. The results of the study are in line with previous findings in the literature that cast doubt on the ability of chatbots to replace traditional administrative services. In addition, the results are of interest to public authorities and administrations because they can help to improve their digital services through measures that were proposed as concluding recommendations.

Analysis of the Workforce in Romania Using Data from the 2021 Census

Analysis of the Workforce in Romania Using Data from the 2021 Census
(Analysis of the Workforce in Romania Using Data from the 2021 Census)

Author(s):Irina-Elena STOICA
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:97-107
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Employment; Higher Education; Labor Market
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the relationship between higher education and employment in Romania, using data from the 2021 Population Census in Romania. The methodology of the study includes creating regression models, hypothesis testing and examining the correlation between the variables, to assess how the proportion of university graduates influences employment rates among the active population. The results of the study reveal a significant correlation, indicating that an increase in the proportion of individuals with higher education corresponds with higher employment rates. Individuals with higher education represent a significant share of the employed population, highlighting that education is an important factor in determining employment outcomes. These findings suggest that education reforms are necessary to better align with labor market changes, ensuring the workforce is prepared for future challenges.

Is Volunteering a Potential Push Factor for Early Career? A Study on the Perceptions of Bulgarian Students

Is Volunteering a Potential Push Factor for Early Career? A Study on the Perceptions of Bulgarian Students
(Is Volunteering a Potential Push Factor for Early Career? A Study on the Perceptions of Bulgarian Students)

Author(s):Denitsa Gorchilova-Atanasova, Ekaterina Tosheva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:109-117
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Volunteering; Students; Early career
Summary/Abstract:Multiple studies on the transition phase from higher education to the labour market suggest that the availability of volunteer experience is beneficial for students. This paper presents results from a survey on 525 students at the largest economic university in Bulgaria. Using descriptive and inductive statistical methods, it explores the relationship between volunteering during undergraduate and graduate studies and its influence on students’ perceptions that involvement in volunteering will aid their entry into the job market and support their future career development. The findings show that over 60% of the respondents believe that volunteering will help them in finding a job and is positively valued by potential employers. The development of soft skills stands out as one of the greatest advantages of volunteering for Bulgarian students.

Artificial Intelligence in Anti-money Laundering: A New Era of Business Integrity and Ethical Entrepreneurship

Artificial Intelligence in Anti-money Laundering: A New Era of Business Integrity and Ethical Entrepreneurship
(Artificial Intelligence in Anti-money Laundering: A New Era of Business Integrity and Ethical Entrepreneurship)

Author(s):Carlos Imbrosio Filho
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:119-128
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Artificial Intelligence; Anti-Money Laundering; AML; Business integrity; Compliance; Machine learning; Entrepreneurs; Ethical business; Financial crime; Law and economics; FinTech
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing business integrity and fostering ethical entrepreneurship through improved anti-money laundering (AML) compliance. Traditional AML methods, hindered by manual inefficiencies and limited scalability, struggle to detect complex laundering schemes. AI addresses these challenges by leveraging advanced algorithms and machine learning to process large datasets, identify patterns of financial crime, and predict high-risk activities with greater accuracy. By automating routine tasks, AI optimizes resource use, allowing compliance professionals to focus on strategic decision-making and ethical evaluation. The study also highlights AI’s ability to support entrepreneurs in building a culture of compliance and integrity, aligning operations with legal and ethical standards. As AI evolves, its capacity to reduce biases, enhance transparency, and increase accountability significantly bolsters ethical business practices. However, the research emphasizes the need for ethical considerations in AI deployment to avoid over-reliance on automation and ensure fairness and accuracy in AML protocols.

Navigating Governance with AI: Opportunities and Challenges in Portugal and Brazil

Navigating Governance with AI: Opportunities and Challenges in Portugal and Brazil
(Navigating Governance with AI: Opportunities and Challenges in Portugal and Brazil)

Author(s):Carlos Imbrosio Filho, Claudio Carneiro B.P. Coelho
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:129-137
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Artificial intelligence; Corporate governance; Transparency; Risk management; Data protection; Ethical AI; Portugal; Brazil; Regulatory frameworks; Accountability
Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the intersection of corporate governance and AI-driven mechanisms, with a focus on how artificial intelligence can enhance the effectiveness of governance practices. By analyzing the integration of AI in corporate decision-making, risk management, and transparency, we argue that AI tools have the potential to revolutionize governance structures by improving efficiency, accuracy, and responsiveness. Through a comparative analysis, we examine the regulatory frameworks governing corporate governance and AI in two distinct jurisdictions: Portugal and Brazil. Both countries have developed unique approaches to regulation, with Portugal emphasizing robust data protection and corporate transparency, while Brazil has focused on regulatory reforms aimed at promoting innovation in AI while ensuring accountability. This paper highlights the opportunities and challenges posed by these regulatory environments and offers recommendations on how both nations can align AI-driven governance with ethical, legal, and economic considerations to foster a more effective, transparent, and sustainable corporate landscape.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Secure by Design in Reducing Software Vulnerabilities

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Secure by Design in Reducing Software Vulnerabilities
(Evaluating the Effectiveness of Secure by Design in Reducing Software Vulnerabilities)

Author(s):Odeta Shkreli, Alba Como
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:139-147
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Secure by Design; Vulnerability reduction; Cybersecurity resilience
Summary/Abstract:As cyber threats get more advanced and complex, including security measures directly into software design, known as “secure by design”, becomes increasingly important. This study looks into whether using secure-by-design principles leads to fewer software vulnerabilities than traditional security practices applied later in development. The study assesses the practical usefulness of secure-by-design solutions in reducing vulnerability rates and improving software resilience by analysing case studies from various sectors. The research focuses on how security considerations introduced early in the software lifecycle affect long-term risk reduction, as well as the possible benefits and drawbacks of these proactive strategies. The findings seek to give insights for organizations wanting to enhance their cybersecurity posture by incorporating security at core design levels, eventually contributing to the larger discussion about best practices in secure software development.

Innovative Data-Driven Email Campaign Strategies with Salesforce Marketing Cloud

Innovative Data-Driven Email Campaign Strategies with Salesforce Marketing Cloud
(Innovative Data-Driven Email Campaign Strategies with Salesforce Marketing Cloud)

Author(s):Bisera Chauleva, Jovanka Damoska Sekuloska
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:149-157
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Data-driven marketing; Email marketing; Salesforce Marketing Cloud
Summary/Abstract:This study investigates the impact of data-driven email marketing strategies using Salesforce Marketing Cloud, emphasizing innovative techniques for optimizing digital marketing performance. Recognized for its robust analytics and personalization capabilities, Salesforce Marketing Cloud provides advanced tools for improving engagement, conversion rates, and campaign efficacy. By examining practices for data collection, analysis, and actionable insights, this research offers a framework for enhancing customer segmentation and optimizing decision-making processes. Focusing on a case study in the cosmetics industry, findings demonstrate how strategic, data-centered approaches drive higher return on investment and elevate campaign effectiveness. This study provides valuable insights for leveraging Salesforce Marketing Cloud, offering a model for developing dynamic, personalized email marketing strategies that maximize platform potential and lead to effective, high-yield campaigns.

Advancing Dynamic Method Labeling for Optimal Selection in Multicriteria Intelligent Software Systems for Higher Education Business Processes

Advancing Dynamic Method Labeling for Optimal Selection in Multicriteria Intelligent Software Systems for Higher Education Business Processes
(Advancing Dynamic Method Labeling for Optimal Selection in Multicriteria Intelligent Software Systems for Higher Education Business Processes)

Author(s):Adil Joldić, Nina Bijedić, Dražena Gašpar
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:159-165
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Intelligent agents; LANA Adaptive Labeling Framework; Multidimensional labels; Business process optimization; Higher Education Institutions (HEIs)
Summary/Abstract:This paper presents the LANA Adaptive Labeling Framework (ALF) as an advanced framework for dynamic method labeling and selecting optimal data processing methods in multiple multicriteria intelligent software systems, focusing on business processes in higher education institutions (HEIs). Earlier approaches to method labeling relied on static hierarchical structures. In contrast, LANA ALF introduces adaptability through continuous learning from user feedback, automatic balancing of criteria based on historical data and current task requirements, and multidimensional labels for comprehensive method evaluation. Each query is represented with a set of labels, while neural networks evaluate the optimal method by balancing criteria such as performance, cost, reliability, and accuracy. User feedback is stored in dynamic tables (e.g., user satisfaction), automatically adapting their structure to new tasks and data types. The results demonstrate that LANA ALF enables intelligent agents to autonomously make decisions without the need for direct involvement of data science experts, thereby increasing accuracy, reliability, and user satisfaction. This framework provides a foundation for further application of ALF in various domains.

AWS-Based Chatbot and IoT Framework in Healthcare

AWS-Based Chatbot and IoT Framework in Healthcare
(AWS-Based Chatbot and IoT Framework in Healthcare)

Author(s):Kliment Chakorovski, Daniela Mechkaroska, Ervin Domazet
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:167-176
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Cloud Computing; AWS Lex; AWS Lambda; Healthcare; Chatbot; IoT
Summary/Abstract:Cloud computing is revolutionizing patient care and health data management, particularly with AWS services like Lambda, Lex, and its propriatery databases. This study examines how these technologies enhance chatbot functionalities to improve doctor engagement and real-time communication with medical records. AWS Lambda handles backend processing, while AWS Lex manages natural language processing, enabling chatbots to respond promptly and personally to doctor inquiries. This integration ensures seamless data analysis and monitoring. Furthermore, the research the generation and application of synthetic health data, focusing on key metrics like blood pressure, blood sugar, pulse and few other that we will see in this paper. Additionally, it outlines a framework for incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) devices to further enhance these capabilities. The combination of cloud computing, chatbots, and IoT enables more proactive and personalized patient care, improves real-time data collection and analysis, and streamlines healthcare processes, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.

The Impact of mHealth and NLP on Big Data Analytics in Healthcare

The Impact of mHealth and NLP on Big Data Analytics in Healthcare
(The Impact of mHealth and NLP on Big Data Analytics in Healthcare)

Author(s):Gordana Jelić, Danica Mamula Tartalja
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:177-184
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:mHealth; Natural language processing; Big data in healthcare; Text mining
Summary/Abstract:The widespread adoption of mobile health (mHealth) has recently led to a significant expansion in the volume of medical data generated daily from diverse sources, including laboratory information systems, electronic health records (EHR), wearable devices, and social media. This trend is one reason why mHealth is increasingly associated with the concept of big data. Big data in healthcare encompasses a wide range of data types, differing in both source and level of structuring. Text mining and semantic analysis techniques within big data analytics have shown promising potential in addressing challenges in this field. Unstructured textual data, often referred to as big text data, contains invaluable insights that can help healthcare practitioners in clinical decision-making, enhance healthcare outcomes, and benefit scientific discoveries. Consequently, text mining has been widely employed to convert unstructured textual data gathered from different sources into a structured format. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the tools and methods offered by Natural Language Processing (NLP) for extracting and analyzing meaningful information and patterns from large volumes of natural language text data. It focuses on various text preprocessing techniques used to prepare raw text files to obtain relevant linguistic units interpretable by computers. Given that human language remains central for documenting diseases and treatments, the integration of rich terminology systems and NLP in healthcare and biomedical research is of tremendous importance for statistical analytics and knowledge discovery. Moreover, healthcare professionals require access to scalable and expandable big data infrastructure to facilitate decision-making and diagnosis, improve healthcare outcomes, and, importantly, reduce costs in this sector.

Project Management of Web Application Development

Project Management of Web Application Development
(Project Management of Web Application Development)

Author(s):Vladimir Simović, Matija Varga, Mislav Balković
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:185-192
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Chi-square test; Polling; Project management; Web application development; Web programming
Summary/Abstract:Purpose/reason(s) for writing this research paper was to conduct one more pilot research on this specific topic: “Project Management of Web Application Development”, in the series of previous pilot research we conducted about different programming experiences and knowledge in the IT field. Findings/main results of the conducted research in the following study we are expected are results of our investigation and documentation of these research aspects: (1st aspect) project management processes that will be broken down in detail and explained individually using the method of modelling and content analysis, (2nd aspect) participants in the web application development project and their tasks and the stages through which the web application development project goes will be elaborated in detail, (3rd aspect) the results of the survey procedure which will show: (3.1st sub- aspect) information about the importance of each individual participant in the implementation of the web application development project, (3.2nd sub- aspect) information about the necessity of monitoring changes in the environment in order for the project manager to successfully fulfil his roles and responsibilities and adapt his activities and processes accordingly (i.e. re-engineer business processes as necessary) on the web application development project and (3.3rd sub-aspect) information on the importance of preparing for changes in the environment and positive impact on the outcome of the project managed by the IT project manager. Also, regarding research methodology, the paper will apply (a) modelling and content analysis; and (b) the Chi-square test for the statistical procedure to examine the dependence of different qualitative characteristics.

MATLAB Modeling and Simulation of 3D Printers Noise Mapping in Faculty Design and Print Labs

MATLAB Modeling and Simulation of 3D Printers Noise Mapping in Faculty Design and Print Labs
(MATLAB Modeling and Simulation of 3D Printers Noise Mapping in Faculty Design and Print Labs)

Author(s):Valentin Panduru, Iulian-Cristin Bigan, Cristin Zaharia
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:193-200
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:MATLAB simulation; Noise; 3D Printers
Summary/Abstract:This paper discusses the need for noise modeling and simulation for better placement of noisy 3D printers in faculty laboratories where also teaching and research require audible levels of sound for human interactive speaking. The new development of 3D printers made them available and in current use for learning purposes in technical faculties from universities all around. While the noisy versions of 3D printers are operating in a lab where professors need to dialogue with the students it becomes compulsory to search for a placement that does not cumulate high levels of dB(A). As Sounds purposes, a Sound Level Meter device was used, and noise was recorded as a 0.5-meter grid map of the lab in various conditions of all 10 printers performing different tasks. Data was further processed and following sound propagation laws, considering wall reflection, a model of noise was developed and implemented as a MATLAB software simulation.

Chaotic Dynamics in the Agricultural Monopoly Model and Innovation

Chaotic Dynamics in the Agricultural Monopoly Model and Innovation
(Chaotic Dynamics in the Agricultural Monopoly Model and Innovation)

Author(s):Vesna Jablanović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:201-205
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Innovations; Agriculture; Monopoly
Summary/Abstract:Innovation reduces the agricultural monopolist’s marginal cost. This paper creates a simple chaotic agricultural monopoly model with some specific assumptions. Namely, using a simple nonlinear demand function, nonlinear marginal cost function, the profit-maximizing condition and cost-reducing innovation, it is demonstrated that an agricultural monopoly can show chaotic behavior. The basic aim of this paper is to create chaotic agricultural monopoly model that is capable of generating stable equilibrium, cycles, or chaos.

Evaluation of Serbian Innovation Performance Within the European Innovation Scoreboard Framework

Evaluation of Serbian Innovation Performance Within the European Innovation Scoreboard Framework
(Evaluation of Serbian Innovation Performance Within the European Innovation Scoreboard Framework)

Author(s):Jovana Simić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:207-217
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Innovation performance; European Innovation Scoreboard; Innovation policy in Serbia
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the innovation performance of Serbia through the lens of the European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS), a comprehensive. tool for assessing and benchmarking the innovation capabilities of European countries. The paper aims to analyze Serbia’s position within the broader.European context, identify strengths and weaknesses, and provide policy recommendations to enhance its innovation capacity. Using data from the latest EIS reports, the paper.evaluates Serbia’s performance across individual EIS indicators and compares Serbia’s performance with regional.counterparts, offering insights into the factors. influencing its innovation trajectory. This paper contributes to the understanding of Serbia’s innovation performance.as measured by the EIS, offering a detailed examination of the underlying factors.influencing its current status and suggesting possible directions for future improvement.

Business Model Innovation – Opportunities in the Metaverse: A Literature Review

Business Model Innovation – Opportunities in the Metaverse: A Literature Review
(Business Model Innovation – Opportunities in the Metaverse: A Literature Review)

Author(s):Andreea-Gabriela Gradinaru, Silvia Avasilcăi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:219-227
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Business models; Innovation; Metaverse; Digital business models
Summary/Abstract:Digital technologies are changing the business world in an incremental or disruptive way. The metaverse is a combination of multiple technologies, combined to create virtual worlds. Within them, people can create an avatar, a virtual identity for themselves, and use it to perform various actions: play games, test physical products in their digital form, attend digital events, interact with others, etc. Thus, the metaverse creates multiple opportunities for businesses. To tackle them, business model innovation is needed. Businesses will need to develop their own metaverse or participate in an existing one. They can create virtual products fulfilling new customer needs, for example, having a personalized virtual identity or purchasing virtual products. The payments might be made using cryptocurrencies. The virtual world will require new forms of customer interaction and engagement. This article aims to improve the understanding of business model innovation in the context of the metaverse. Using literature review as a research method, the paper analyzes the opportunities brought by the metaverse and how businesses could take advantage of them. The required business model innovation is clustered using the key components of a business model.

Innovation and Competitiveness: Key Drivers of SME Internationalization

Innovation and Competitiveness: Key Drivers of SME Internationalization
(Innovation and Competitiveness: Key Drivers of SME Internationalization)

Author(s):Tihana Koprivnjak Popović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:229-237
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:SME; Internationalization; Innovation; Competitiveness; Qualitative research
Summary/Abstract:Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) gain a competitive advantage through continuous innovation, which is crucial for their competitiveness on the market and their internationalization. By offering more valuable goods and services than their competitors, SMEs can thrive despite their different starting position compared to large companies. The dynamic competitive environment and changing customer preferences require constant innovation in products and services. This innovation is essential for long-term sustainability, growth and international competitiveness. Research shows that innovative SMEs are more successful in international markets. Innovation and internationalization are complementary processes that drive the growth and development of a company. Access to foreign resources, knowledge and capital increases competitiveness and mitigates weaknesses. The study uses qualitative research, including in-depth interviews with Croatian manufacturing SMEs, to investigate the role of innovation in internationalization. The results confirm that innovation is a key driver of competitiveness and successful market entry.

Social Innovation - A New Innovation Paradigm

Social Innovation - A New Innovation Paradigm
(Social Innovation - A New Innovation Paradigm)

Author(s):Vanja Vukojević, Milenko Tanović, Ana Milijić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:239-246
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Innovation; Social innovation; SME
Summary/Abstract:To remain competitive in the market, enterprises—especially micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)—must be innovative, as their size often limits their resources and scalability. Various types of innovation represent a new paradigm, with social innovation being one of the key forms. Social innovation refers to innovative activities and services driven by the goal of meeting social needs, or novel ideas aimed at addressing those needs, building relationships, and fostering collaboration. These innovations can manifest as products, services, or models that provide more effective solutions to previously unmet challenges. The European Commission has identified six key areas for social innovation: demographic shifts, environmental trends, new community dynamics (such as the digital society), poverty-related issues like social inclusion and child poverty, health and well-being, and the growing demand for ethical goods and services, such as fair trade and local production. This paper explores the definition and various types of social innovation, highlighting its importance in today’s world. It also examines the crucial factors needed for successful social innovation implementation and concludes with examples of companies that have effectively incorporated social innovation into their business models.

The Impact of Innovation on the Adoption of Greener Supply Chains: Evidence from Firms in the Western Balkans

The Impact of Innovation on the Adoption of Greener Supply Chains: Evidence from Firms in the Western Balkans
(The Impact of Innovation on the Adoption of Greener Supply Chains: Evidence from Firms in the Western Balkans)

Author(s):Brunilda Kosta
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:247-254
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Sustainability; Innovation; Green supply chain; Western Balkans
Summary/Abstract:In response to global pressures for environmental responsibility and sustainable growth, businesses are increasingly seeking to transform their supply chains by adopting greener practices. In the Western Balkans, however, the transition to greener supply chains remains limited, hindered by structural challenges and a lack of integration with global sustainability standards. While existing literature emphasizes innovation as a key enabler of sustainable business practices, its specific role in supporting the shift to greener supply chains, especially in the WB6 context, has not been sufficiently explored. This study investigates the impact of innovation on the likelihood that firms adopt environmentally friendly sourcing practices, with a particular focus on the supply of greener materials. Drawing on data from 1,200 firms surveyed through the 2024 Business Opinion Balkan Barometer, the binary logistic regression model is applied to assess whether firms that engage in innovation are more likely to green their supply chains. The findings demonstrate a strong positive relationship between innovation and the adoption of greener material sourcing, suggesting that innovation serves as a critical driver in promoting sustainable supply chain transformation.

Strategic Management: Are Groups the Best Way to Make Decisions?

Strategic Management: Are Groups the Best Way to Make Decisions?
(Strategic Management: Are Groups the Best Way to Make Decisions?)

Author(s):Juliana Osmani
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:255-263
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Strategic management; Group decision-making; Firm performance
Summary/Abstract:Strategic management is the process with the greatest impact on firm’s success or failure. Through the analysis of the current situation and the situation in which the company wants to be, strategic management has the responsibility for its growth. Risk and uncertainty are common conditions for strategic decision-making. Considering that the external environment is becoming increasingly unpredictable and also the bounded rationality, companies are more oriented towards the use of groups, especially for strategic decisions. The main purpose of the current research is to investigate the use of groups in strategic decision-making. Through a quantitative approach, this research upgrades the evidence arising from the existing literature by providing new elements to support a deeper understanding of the effects of the way strategic decisions are made on firm performance, enhancing the knowledge base in the field of strategic management.

Strategic Approaches of Entrepreneurship in the Modern Business Environment

Strategic Approaches of Entrepreneurship in the Modern Business Environment
(Strategic Approaches of Entrepreneurship in the Modern Business Environment)

Author(s):Slađana Stojanović, Mihalj Bakator
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:265-273
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Strategic approaches; Entrepreneurship; Business environment; Innovation; Competitiveness
Summary/Abstract:The modern business environment is defined by constant and dynamic changes within the globalized market. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are increasingly competing with large corporations, creating challenges for both groups. Rapid market changes and technological advancements demand the adoption of agile frameworks, robust innovation ecosystems, and data-driven decision-making strategies. Entrepreneurship is becoming an important driver of innovation and technological advancement within enterprises, supporting competitiveness and growth. Governments, enterprises, and individuals play important roles in improving strategic entrepreneurship through policy support, innovative practices, and active engagement in sustainable approaches. Collaboration among these stakeholders is important to address evolving market demands and ensure the development of resilient, forward-looking enterprises capable of thriving in a competitive landscape. In this paper, strategic approaches of entrepreneurship in enterprises are analyzed. The main goal is to develop a theoretical model for improving business performance and competitiveness. Additionally, based on the analyzed literature and the developed model, suggestions and guidelines are proposed for improving the business performance and competitiveness of SMEs. The paper provides a strong basis for future research in this domain.

Women Entrepreneurs as Agents of Change. The Impact of Female Empowerment on Company Sustainability

Women Entrepreneurs as Agents of Change. The Impact of Female Empowerment on Company Sustainability
(Women Entrepreneurs as Agents of Change. The Impact of Female Empowerment on Company Sustainability)

Author(s):Cristina Mora Rodriguez, Jose Maria Gomez Gras, Antonio Jose Verdu Jover
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:275-281
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Female entrepreneurship; Empowerment; Business sustainability; Economic sustainability; Social sustainability; Environmental sustainability; Agents of change
Summary/Abstract:This study investigates the influence of female empowerment on the economic, social, and environmental dimensions of business sustainability. Starting from the premise that women entrepreneurs are agents of change, it is hypothesized that their empowerment positively impacts the pillars of sustainability. Employing a quantitative design with a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach and a sample of women entrepreneurs, the results confirm that female empowerment is significantly associated with greater economic, social, and environmental sustainability. The implications suggest that women entrepreneurs, by integrating holistic values into their strategies, contribute to long-term viability, social well-being, and responsible environmental management. This finding underscores the need for policies that promote female empowerment as a key strategy for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.

From Vision to Reality: The Transformative Power of Consultancy Services for Non-governmental Organizations

From Vision to Reality: The Transformative Power of Consultancy Services for Non-governmental Organizations
(From Vision to Reality: The Transformative Power of Consultancy Services for Non-governmental Organizations)

Author(s):Anamarija Delić, Nikoleta Poljak
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:283-290
No. of Pages:8
Summary/Abstract:Non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and civil society have become one of the most important actors in society over the last fifty years. The way they operate in society and the importance of their work to modern society have been the subject of much research. Non-governmental organisations are also seen as great consultants, offering business advice and working with large international companies. Slowly, they have entered the arena of business consulting providers. On the other hand, there is very little research on how others, especially consultants, can help with business consulting for NGOs and, more importantly, what kind of consulting they need. The purpose of this article is to analyse the results of the government programme aimed at building the capacity of NGOs throughout Croatia, but also to find out, through five interviews and case studies with NGOs that have used these services, what type of advice or training was most helpful, along with the other types of assistance they might use. The results of this research can help in a better understanding of the civil sector and creation of more appropriate third sector (civil sector) development programmes, but also if a well-developed and organised, civil sector helps build more open and democratic societies.

Corporate Due Diligence for Enhancing Logistics Operations

Corporate Due Diligence for Enhancing Logistics Operations
(Corporate Due Diligence for Enhancing Logistics Operations)

Author(s):Slavica Radosavljević, Biljana Grgurović, Jelena Milutinović, Stevan Veličković
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:291-298
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:CSDDD; Logistics; Operater
Summary/Abstract:The new rules mandated by the European Union through the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) aim to enhance the protection of human rights, environmental responsibility, and business transparency. In its initial implementation phase, starting in 2027, the directive applies to large companies and extends to all others by 2029. Given that logistics companies rely heavily on global value chains, the directive will undoubtedly impact their entire operations, including partnerships not only within Europe but also globally. This paper outlines the key guidelines for implementing the Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive, with a particular focus on its effects on logistics companies, exploring both potential consequences and opportunities that arise from the directive’s application.

Management Perspectives on Service Recovery Strategies in the Hotel Industry, Albania

Management Perspectives on Service Recovery Strategies in the Hotel Industry, Albania
(Management Perspectives on Service Recovery Strategies in the Hotel Industry, Albania)

Author(s):Arjeta Anamali, Romina Dhora
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:299-307
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Hotels; Costumers; Service; Failure; Recovery
Summary/Abstract:The hotel industry significantly contributes to tourism, local economies, employment, and destination development. Despite their dedication to effective management and service, hotel managers still experience service failures. Due to the simultaneity of production and consumption in hotels, achieving a completely flawless service is impossible (Del Río-Lanza et al., 2009). A service failure triggers the service recovery process. This recovery effort gives hotels a valuable opportunity to please customers affected by service disruptions. This study uses primary research by conducting interviews with hotel managers to explore their perspectives and strategies regarding service failures and recovery efforts. Thirty-two Albanian managers from hotels and hotel complexes participated in interviews. The analysis is presented descriptively, with a summarized overview of the managers’ responses to each question. This research lays the groundwork for future studies exploring consumer viewpoints.

Assessing Hotel Reservation Forecasting Models to Inform Dynamic Pricing Strategies

Assessing Hotel Reservation Forecasting Models to Inform Dynamic Pricing Strategies
(Assessing Hotel Reservation Forecasting Models to Inform Dynamic Pricing Strategies)

Author(s):Majlinda Godolja, Arjola Sinani
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:309-316
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Hotel reservation forecasting; Dynamic pricing; SARIMA model; Prophet model; Monte Carlo Simulation; Forecast Accuracy Metrics
Summary/Abstract:Accurate forecasting of hotel bookings is crucial for optimizing dynamic pricing strategies and ensuring efficient resource management in the hospitality industry. This study analyses daily booking data from a hotel from Vlora, Albania, covering two distinct periods: June 2021 - April 2022 and May 2022 - January 2023. It evaluates the performance of two widely used forecasting models: SARIMA, known for its robustness in capturing seasonal patterns, and Prophet, recognized for its flexibility in handling irregularities and holiday effects. Forecast accuracy and stability are analyzed using key performance metrics (MAE, MSE, RMSE, R²), with Monte Carlo simulations providing additional insights into forecast variability under different scenarios and enhancing the reliability assessment of each model. The findings reveal that model performance varies across different periods, highlighting the need for a dynamic model selection approach that adapts to evolving booking trends. These insights offer practical guidance for hotel managers, supporting improved reservation management and data-driven pricing strategies to enhance overall operational efficiency.

Mediation from a Strategic Aspect Through Mediation in Conflicts

Mediation from a Strategic Aspect Through Mediation in Conflicts
(Mediation from a Strategic Aspect Through Mediation in Conflicts)

Author(s):Miloš Nikolić, Miloš Z. Dimitrijević
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:317-323
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Mediation; Strategy; Conflict; Management; Organization
Summary/Abstract:This study explores strategic mediation as an effective approach to managing conflicts within organizations. Conflict, as a concept, can naturally emerge in a work environment, potentially impacting productivity and interpersonal relationships negatively. Mediation, as a neutral method of conflict resolution, enables constructive problem-solving through dialogue and cooperation, which helps reduce tension and strengthen team cohesion. This study will analyze the main types of conflicts, elaborate on the phases of their development, and present key mediation models. Special emphasis will be placed on implementing mediation as part of an organizational strategy, providing long-term benefits through a stable work climate and increased efficiency.

Wide Open Spaces: How Low-Context Cultures Foster Creativity

Wide Open Spaces: How Low-Context Cultures Foster Creativity
(Wide Open Spaces: How Low-Context Cultures Foster Creativity)

Author(s):Brant von Goble
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:325-339
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:Cultures; Context; Creativity; Low-context
Summary/Abstract:Why are some cultures more creatively productive than others? This paper explores this question through the framework of high- and low-context cultures. It argues that low-context cultures—where listeners are assumed to have minimal background knowledge or implicit understanding—foster creativity by forcing evaluation of a larger mental search space and encouraging speakers to assess and present their ideas explicitly. High-context cultures promote seamless communication through shared understanding, but they may inadvertently stifle creativity by limiting the mental flexibility of presenters and audiences. They also tend to enforce conformity to cultural expectations. This paper concludes with recommendations to nurture originality and non-traditional thinking in high-context cultures.

Customer Loyalty in the Telecommunications Sector in Albania

Customer Loyalty in the Telecommunications Sector in Albania
(Customer Loyalty in the Telecommunications Sector in Albania)

Author(s):Irma Shyle, Selma Nebiu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:341-349
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Telecommunication; Linear regression; Logistics model; Loyalty; Albania
Summary/Abstract:Telecommunications is a rapidly evolving industry in Albania and globally, necessitating constant strategic adjustments focused on customer-centricity. This study investigates the factors influencing customer loyalty within this sector, examining elements such as service quality, customer experience, satisfaction, precived price, and trust. Demographic findings revealed a majority of young adults, with diverse income levels. Multiple linear regression analysis identified service quality, perceived price, and trust as key loyalty predictors, with service quality and trust positively impacting loyalty, while perceived price has a negative effect. Logistic regression further highlighted experience, service quality, and trust as significant predictors, with experience notably enhancing loyalty likelihood. This research offers valuable insights for telecommunications companies, marketers, and policymakers aiming to strengthen customer loyalty and comprehend consumer behavior in the industry.

Responsible Consumption and Production as a Part of CSR

Responsible Consumption and Production as a Part of CSR
(Responsible Consumption and Production as a Part of CSR)

Author(s):Lucia Bartkova, Lucia Hudakova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:351-356
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Responsible consumption and production; Consumer behavior; CSR
Summary/Abstract:The paper is devoted to responsible consumption and production as a part of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of companies. Achieving responsible consumption and production is one of the United Nations’s twelve sustainable development goals. Partial goals are waste reduction and the adoption and promotion of sustainable actions by companies. As part of the research, the authors investigated consumers’ interest in sustainable actions in terms of their willingness to apply them in their consumption. The research was conducted on a sample of 535 respondents. The contribution aims to recommend companies to apply such sustainable actions as part of CSR, which will be significant from the point of view of their application by consumers.

Disruptive Technologies, Economic Implications, and Cybercrime

Disruptive Technologies, Economic Implications, and Cybercrime
(Disruptive Technologies, Economic Implications, and Cybercrime)

Author(s):Darko Marković M.
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:357-365
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Cyber Resilience; Economic Implications; Innovation; Disruptive Technologies; Cybercrime
Summary/Abstract:Modern digital technologies have a strong impact on the way we live and work, which is why they are called disruptive in the business context. Under their influence, there are changes in traditional business models in various areas, due to which policymakers face numerous challenges, including new forms of cybercrime. Consequently, a particular challenge is to find the best solutions for decision-making that will lead to the realization of benefits or, at the very least, the mitigation of potential negative effects. With that in mind, the aim of this paper is to explore the dual nature of the economic implications of these technologies: the stimulation of innovation on the one hand, and criminal activities on the other. Through analysis of key disruptive technologies, as well as through case studies and examples, conclusive findings are drawn that offer policymakers, practitioners and academic researchers insights into the nature of impacts, highlighting the necessity of adapting to change and implementing innovations that foster cyber resilience and promote sustainable growth.

The Intelligent Alarm System Based on Sensors and Supported by IoT

The Intelligent Alarm System Based on Sensors and Supported by IoT
(The Intelligent Alarm System Based on Sensors and Supported by IoT)

Author(s):Kujtim Mustafa, Ragmi Mustafa
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:367-378
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Microcontroller; Sensor; Alarm; Scatch; IoT; Security
Summary/Abstract:Microcontrollers are increasingly used in all aspects of modern life. In this paper, a microcontroller, a distance sensor, a sound alarm, C++ programming code, IoT, and a digital camera are used to build an intelligent and secure alarm system. All this to protect against unauthorized intruders in private buildings such as residential homes, government institutions, banks, commercial premises, businesses, and the like. In the case when the sensor identifies a suspicious movement, the system activates the alarm and a camera that captures the image of the intruder. At the same time, a real-time e-mail message is sent based on IoT, notifying the presence of an unauthorized intruder and the photos captured by the digital camera are stored in a folder for visual evidence. The distance sensor is able to detect movements at different distances within its observation perimeter. This intelligent IoT-based system increases security control to the maximum level by minimizing unauthorized access to high-security environments. The completion of the work will provide an efficient and highly reliable solution for protecting the environment against unauthorized intrusions.

Cooperation of the Visegrad Group Countries in Disaster Management

Cooperation of the Visegrad Group Countries in Disaster Management
(Cooperation of the Visegrad Group Countries in Disaster Management)

Author(s):Nikoletta Preisinger
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:379-384
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Visegrad four; Disaster situation; Disaster management; Cooperation
Summary/Abstract:The study focuses on the Visegrad Four countries, which form the core of Central Europe. The V4 countries share certain common characteristics that naturally lead them to cooperate. They have the unique potential to be more than just a formal cooperation of four states with shared values and similar histories. Environmental issues are, by their very nature non-local, so they transcend the territory of a single country and affect large regions, often on a global scale. The alliance of the four states that make up the Visegrad Group allows them to coordinate their actions within the EU and NATO. This study aims to map and analyse the environmental situation of the V4 countries and their management of disaster situations, paying attention to the cooperation, or lack of it, that applies in disaster situations between the V4 countries.

The Impacts of US-China Semiconductor Decoupling

The Impacts of US-China Semiconductor Decoupling
(The Impacts of US-China Semiconductor Decoupling)

Author(s):Zsofia Nguyen
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:385-393
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Semiconductor; Decoupling; Geopolitical
Summary/Abstract:The global semiconductor industry, projected to reach $588 billion in sales revenue in 2024, is at the forefront of a growing technological and economic rivalry between the US and China. As the US tightens export controls and licensing policies towards China, concerns arise about the potential decoupling of the industry between these two nations. This paper investigates the potential impacts of a complete decoupling of the semiconductor industry between the US and China on global economic growth, considering the extensive integration and complementary positions of these nations within the global semiconductor value chain. The findings suggest that a complete decoupling of the semiconductor industry between the US and China could have significant economic and innovative costs and a multilateral approach between nations is recommended to foster international collaboration, driving innovation and economic growth in the semiconductor ecosystem.

Modelling Inflationary Pressures Through Macroeconomic Indicators: An Applied Analysis Through Logistic Regression

Modelling Inflationary Pressures Through Macroeconomic Indicators: An Applied Analysis Through Logistic Regression
(Modelling Inflationary Pressures Through Macroeconomic Indicators: An Applied Analysis Through Logistic Regression)

Author(s):Andreea-Mădălina BOZAGIU, Violeta Iluliana Enache
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:395-402
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Inflation; Exchange rate; Macroeconomic; Logit and probit regression
Summary/Abstract:This study investigates the macroeconomic determinants of high inflation using unadjusted and adjusted logit and probit models, with validation tests confirming the robustness of the results. The findings highlight the output gap as a key predictor, with an odds ratio of 1.55 in the adjusted probit model, suggesting that a widening gap between actual and potential production significantly increases the likelihood of high inflation. The EUR/RON exchange rate emerges as another critical factor, with an inverse relationship to inflation (odds ratio ~0.88), emphasizing the importance of currency stability in mitigating inflationary pressures. Although less influential, the trade balance and unemployment rate also exhibit statistically significant effects, reflecting the role of external demand and labor market dynamics in shaping inflation trends. Model diagnostics, including the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and AUC, confirm a good fit and predictive accuracy. These findings provide actionable insights for policymakers to design coordinated fiscal and monetary strategies aimed at stabilizing inflation during economic instability.

Macroeconomy of the European Union and Financial Connectivity with Other Regional Economic Groupings

Macroeconomy of the European Union and Financial Connectivity with Other Regional Economic Groupings
(Macroeconomy of the European Union and Financial Connectivity with Other Regional Economic Groupings)

Author(s):Nenad Dugalić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:403-406
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:European Union; Economy; Interdependence; BRICS; Regional cooperation
Summary/Abstract:The development of global economic activities is increasing multifold, leading to a rise in the complexity of managing and coordinating international capital flows. Also, the increasing instability of the world economy and finance creates the need for economic systems and companies to adapt to new business conditions in a very short period. At the same time, the deepening of geopolitical tensions and the reduction of correlations between countries led to very uneven global economic development, which particularly affected the interests of the national economies of developing countries. All this caused the establishment of an imbalance in the world market and the classification of countries into different supranational and regional groups.

Globalization and Inequality in Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe

Globalization and Inequality in Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe
(Globalization and Inequality in Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe)

Author(s):Vladimir Šimić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:407-416
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Inequality; Globalization; Central; Eastern and South Eastern Europe
Summary/Abstract:The relationship between globalization and inequality has attracted considerable academic attention in recent decades. Despite the numerous attempts to theoretically distinguish the complex globalization-inequality linkages and assess them empirically, the academic literature is far from conclusive. Put differently, the apparent trend of rising income inequality may or may not be a by-product of the unprecedented degree of globalization. The goal of this paper is to examine the globalization-inequality relationship in Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe. This important relationship is examined empirically through the use of panel data estimates and alternative measures of globalization and inequality. In the group of 16 countries and for the period 1990-2021, a positive impact of the overall KOF index of globalization on inequality is found, with the positive effects also found for economic and social globalization, while the effect of political globalization is not statistically significant.

Comparison of European Union Countries Based on Selected Indicators of Poverty and Social Exclusion

Comparison of European Union Countries Based on Selected Indicators of Poverty and Social Exclusion
(Comparison of European Union Countries Based on Selected Indicators of Poverty and Social Exclusion)

Author(s):Ľubica Hurbánková, Lívia Krajčíková
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:417-426
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Poverty and social exclusion; The Distance from a Fictitious Object Method; European Union Countries
Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the comparison of European Union countries. The aim of the paper is to evaluate these countries based on their ranking positions in terms of poverty and social exclusion in the year before the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic (year 2019) and after (year 2023). The countries are compared using three indicators – the percentage of the population severely socially and materially deprived, the percentage of the population living in households with very low work intensity and the percentage of the population unable to face unexpected financial expenses. The ranking of countries is based on the use of one of simple methods of multivariate comparison, namely the distance from a fictitious object method.

Regional Inequality Through Income Disparities and Migration Patterns: Systematic Literature Review

Regional Inequality Through Income Disparities and Migration Patterns: Systematic Literature Review
(Regional Inequality Through Income Disparities and Migration Patterns: Systematic Literature Review)

Author(s):Tihana Czako-Vasić, László Bulcsu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:427-436
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Regional Inequality; Income Disparities; Internal Migration
Summary/Abstract:Regional inequality nowadays represents a big issue when it comes to economic and social growth. This inequality is present in internal migration patterns and in income distribution as well. In order to be able to find the relationships between these variables and to investigate how do they or whether they affect regional disparities, this paper uses a systematic literature review (SLR). This research examines 101 papers published between 2014 and 2024. The methodology of the paper is PRISMA and PEO frameworks, with these methods, the scientific papers are researched in a transparent and reproducible manner. The results show that regional disparities are mostly researched in a quantitative way, using mostly economic and demographic data. Next to this, most of the papers conclude that there is a need for a better policy intervention from the government’s side. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by identifying gaps in current research and suggesting pathways for future inquiry.

Assessing Competitiveness in the Visegrad and Baltic Countries: Insights from Recent Changes

Assessing Competitiveness in the Visegrad and Baltic Countries: Insights from Recent Changes
(Assessing Competitiveness in the Visegrad and Baltic Countries: Insights from Recent Changes)

Author(s):Vladyslav Bato Vladyslav, Marek Petrovič
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:437-447
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Competitiveness; Comparative advantages; V4 countries; Baltic states; GCI; WCI; BCI; RCA
Summary/Abstract:The dynamic global economic landscape, influenced by geopolitical upheavals, demands a re-evaluation of regional competitiveness. This study revisits the competitiveness of Central and Eastern European regions, focusing on the Visegrad Four and the Baltic Group States, using the latest data and integrating the impacts of recent global events. By employing multi-criteria indicators such as the Global Competitiveness Index, World Competitiveness Index, Business Confidence Index, and single-criteria measures like Revealed Comparative Advantage, the research offers a nuanced understanding of regional strengths and vulnerabilities. Additionally, a composite competitiveness index is introduced, reflecting the interplay of innovation, governance, and external trade dependencies. The findings reveal how regional and global challenges redefine the competitive landscape, highlighting policy imperatives for enhancing resilience.

Determinants of the Portuguese Current Account Balance

Determinants of the Portuguese Current Account Balance
(Determinants of the Portuguese Current Account Balance)

Author(s):Elisabeth T. Pereira, Francisco Carvalho
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:449-456
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Current account; Government budget balance; PIB per capita; External deficit; Portugal
Summary/Abstract:The economic and financial crisis forced Portugal to adjust its external deficit, which had accumulated over almost two decades. This paper aimed to identify empirically the determinants of the Portuguese current account balance to understand the accumulation of the external deficit. For this purpose, several econometric estimations with the ARDL model and Granger causality tests were applied to quarterly macroeconomic data from 1999 to 2017. The results show that GDP per capita and the budget balance are the variables that most influence the formation of t he current account balance.

Financial Sustainability in Bulgaria`s Healthcare: Challenges and Strategic Imperatives

Financial Sustainability in Bulgaria`s Healthcare: Challenges and Strategic Imperatives
(Financial Sustainability in Bulgaria`s Healthcare: Challenges and Strategic Imperatives)

Author(s):Christo Ivanov
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:457-465
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Financial sustainability; Healthcare; Strategic imperatives
Summary/Abstract:The healthcare expenditures in Bulgaria have been constantly growing since the beginning of healthcare reform which was set at the end of 20th century. However, this did not lead to more effective and more affordable treatment for patients or to financial sustainability of the industry. A quarter of a century later, the healthcare system continues to be characterized by constant underfunding. The primary objective of this study is to examine the key challenges affecting healthcare financing in Bulgaria. For the purposes of the study, data from the Ministry of Finance of Bulgaria, Eurostat, as well as a number of studies on the topic were analyzed. The main conclusion is that a systematic state policy is needed to increase social security payments by increasing citizens` incomes, increasing fairness in the distribution of public funds, increasing the efficiency with which public funds are spent, as well as developing measures addressing the main factors for the emergence and development of the shadow economy in the country.

Propensity of Government Expenditure Composition During Shocks: Comparison Between Albania and Other Balkan Countries

Propensity of Government Expenditure Composition During Shocks: Comparison Between Albania and Other Balkan Countries
(Propensity of Government Expenditure Composition During Shocks: Comparison Between Albania and Other Balkan Countries)

Author(s):Esmeraldo Hhakolli, Arjan Tushaj, Albana Hashorva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:467-473
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Public expenditure; Fiscal policy; Adverse shocks
Summary/Abstract:The paper examines the effect of the composition of public expenditure during the diverse shocks, particularly the global financial crisis of 2008 and the global pandemic of COVID-19, in Albania and several Balkan countries. The fiscal policy focuses on the composition of public expenditure to provide sustainable development in order to stimulate the growth-maximizing composition of public expenditure. Meanwhile, the use of fiscal instruments should contribute to the economic stabilization and promotion of economic growth, particularly during the diverse internal and external shocks. However, the effects of the composition of public expenditure are investigated through the analysis of comparative statics, particularly in Albania and several Balkan countries. We examined the allocation of government expenditures during adverse shocks, mostly the 2008 crisis and COVID-19, through the exploration of changes in the fiscal priorities amongst Albania and Balkan countries. The empirical results demonstrated the priority of government spending for financial stabilization and economic stimulus during the crisis of 2008 and for economic support during COVID-19 in these countries. Also, the outcomes of differences in government expenditure allocations amongst Balkan countries are mostly significant according to the responsiveness towards the 2008 crisis and COVID-19.

The Impact of Inflation and Gross Domestic Product on Eurozone Investment Funds

The Impact of Inflation and Gross Domestic Product on Eurozone Investment Funds
(The Impact of Inflation and Gross Domestic Product on Eurozone Investment Funds)

Author(s):Sandra Šokčević, Leonarda Tutić, Andreja Rudančić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:475-482
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Investment funds; Inflation; Gross domestic product; Eurozone; European Central Bank; Monetary policy
Summary/Abstract:This paper analyses the effect of inflation and GDP on Eurozone investment funds. It centres on the responsibilities of investment funds, exploring the impact of external, internal, and economic factors on investor capital. The obligations of investment funds represent the shares purchased by investors with the shared currency, the euro. The paper compares the value of investment funds over time, aiming to demonstrate their dependence on macroeconomic policy. The analysis is supported by data on annual inflation rates and annual GDP values within the Eurozone and how these economic variables affect the annual obligations and shares of investment funds. Results from linear regression analysis indicate that investment in these funds decreases as GDP and inflation rates increase, with comparative analysis further supporting this claim. The study is also underpinned by significant factors related to the European Central Bank's (ECB) policy management, illustrating how the ECB's monetary policy directs investments toward other financial assets.

Are Fiscal Rules Mitigating the Political Budget Cycle? – Case of Albania

Are Fiscal Rules Mitigating the Political Budget Cycle? – Case of Albania
(Are Fiscal Rules Mitigating the Political Budget Cycle? – Case of Albania)

Author(s):Desantila Muja, Arjan Tushaj
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:483-491
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Political budget cycles; Fiscal policy; Fiscal rules
Summary/Abstract:Theoretical and empirical background highlighted the effectiveness of fiscal rules related to their types and institutional strategies through the implementation of state fiscal standards. Effective fiscal policy requires countercyclical actions to sustain policy outcomes. The paper examines the impact of fiscal rules on the political budget cycles, particularly in developing countries like Albania. The adoption of weak fiscal rules has caused the political budget cycle despite other determinants through using data related to the Albanian case. Empirical studies showed that strong fiscal rules produced budgetary discipline and reduced political budget cycles. The qualitative and quantitative effects of appropriate fiscal rules should facilitate the adherence to European Union fiscal standards necessary for accessing the European Union. Albania shall adopt and adhere to the European Union’s fiscal rules upon its accession to the European Union. This full context should be considered by fiscal policymakers, free from distortions caused by political pressure.

Capital Gain Tax Impact on Affordable Housing. The Case of Albania

Capital Gain Tax Impact on Affordable Housing. The Case of Albania
(Capital Gain Tax Impact on Affordable Housing. The Case of Albania)

Author(s):Olta Milova, Reinaldo Pipiria
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:493-500
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Affordable housing; Capital gain tax; Housing market
Summary/Abstract:Housing plays an important role in our lives. Access to shelter is a basic human right and a key determinant of individual welfare. Different factors such as high prices, level of income, construction costs, and supply shortages can restrict the ability to afford a house. Except for private sector development, affordable housing can often rely on public policies such as tax incentives or low-interest loans to developers. The authors focus on capital gain tax as an important instrument that can affect the supply of housing, especially when it comes to investment properties. If capital gains taxes are high, real estate investors may be less inclined to buy or sell properties, potentially limiting the availability of homes on the market and driving up prices.

Analysis of Risk and Uncertainty in Oil Projects: The Case of Albpetrol

Analysis of Risk and Uncertainty in Oil Projects: The Case of Albpetrol
(Analysis of Risk and Uncertainty in Oil Projects: The Case of Albpetrol)

Author(s):Blerta Mjeda, Emi Hoxholli, Merita Toska
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:501-508
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Decision-making; Modeling; Petroleum projects; Optimization; Risk; Simulation; Uncertainty
Summary/Abstract:The oil industry is among the oldest sectors in Albania. Due to the limited research conducted in the country, this study aims to contribute to expanding the existing literature and empirical insights. The goal of this research is to provide opportunities for better-informed decision-making. While understanding the past is relatively straightforward, forecasting the future is more challenging. This inherent uncertainty creates numerous issues when developing a financial plan for a company. This paper analyzes modeling and simulation techniques used in decision-making for petroleum projects. To achieve our objectives, we first examine the challenges of risk and uncertainty, as both significantly influence the decision-making process at the beginning of investment projects. Accurately predicting risk and uncertainty is essential for any company. To define and explore the concepts of “risk” and “uncertainty,” we have applied qualitative and quantitative approaches, including Sensitivity Analysis and the Monte Carlo Method. Using these methods, we predict different scenarios for the Net Present Value and work towards optimizing the Net Present Value. As a result, we calculate the Net Present Value for petroleum production in each scenario.

The Influence of the U.S. Presidential Elections over the American Stock Market Evolution

The Influence of the U.S. Presidential Elections over the American Stock Market Evolution
(The Influence of the U.S. Presidential Elections over the American Stock Market Evolution)

Author(s):Beatrice Radu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:509-517
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Presidential elections; Stock market; Economic policies; Investors
Summary/Abstract:Accounting for the relationship between the influence of politics over stock market evolutions, the present paper aims to take a snapshot on the recent presidential race in the United States of America and the progress of the stock market during the same overlapping period, comparing the two, in order to find an answer to the following question: how did the American presidential race influence the American stock market evolution in November 2024? Briefly, taking into consideration past presidential races, the paper searches for future potential developments based on the similarities between recent events and previous ones. In order to get to future possible scripts, the paper tries to find connections between American voters and investors on the American stock market based on their political preferences, gender and racial ethnicity in order to find future pathways of the development of the market.

What Does Hide the Basket of West-Hungarians? – An Analysis of the Basket Composition of Different Households in West Hungary

What Does Hide the Basket of West-Hungarians? – An Analysis of the Basket Composition of Different Households in West Hungary
(What Does Hide the Basket of West-Hungarians? – An Analysis of the Basket Composition of Different Households in West Hungary)

Author(s):Timea Vastag, Boglarka Eisinger Balassa
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:519-526
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Sustainable basket; Household level; Reference budget
Summary/Abstract:The economic changes of recent years have had a significant impact on household consumer behavior. Following the changes caused by the COVID- 19 epidemic, consumers had to face high inflation. These macro-level changes significantly impacted households and made budget planning difficult. This study aims to prepare and validate the methodology aimed at the composition and sustainability analysis of consumer baskets in different regions of Hungary. As a pilot study, the Reference Budget is determined based on focus group discussions with family types specified by the statistical office of the Western Hungary region, which represents the threshold value that households need for subsistence. Using the Hypothetical Household Tool (HhoT), this value compares the after-tax income for each type of household and analyses whether there is overspending in the examined cases. After that, based on the research participants’ answers, sustainability calculations are performed based on the consumer basket’s composition, thus validating that overspending is not sustainable.

Spending Versus Saving: COVID-19 Crisis Through the Lens of Consumers

Spending Versus Saving: COVID-19 Crisis Through the Lens of Consumers
(Spending Versus Saving: COVID-19 Crisis Through the Lens of Consumers)

Author(s):Lenka Veselovská, Katarina Zimermanova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:527-534
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:COVID-19 pandemic; Consumer behavior; Adverse event; Savings; Purchase; Household income
Summary/Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic showed that people significantly alter their consumer behavior during adverse events, with serious implications for their tendencies to create savings. A survey was conducted on a sample of 1172 Slovak consumers to collect data on consumers’ experiences during various years of the pandemic. The findings of this research study show that the majority of consumers decreased their savings. This trend was observed especially in younger generations of consumers. The dependence between savings creation and fear of job loss was proven as medium. It was also discovered that older generations of consumers were spending more on daily consumption goods, especially in 2021. The finding that younger consumers spend less and buy fewer products could be an indication of a major turn towards sustainable consumption that will have positive implications on societies and the environment.

Strategies for Digital Transformation in Banking

Strategies for Digital Transformation in Banking
(Strategies for Digital Transformation in Banking)

Author(s):Dušica Karić, Maja Đurica, Nina Đurica
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:535-541
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Digital transformation; Banking; Customer experience; Digital technologies; Artificial intelligence
Summary/Abstract:Modern banking is facing challenges in business practices, service delivery, and client interactions due to the rise of digital technologies and artificial intelligence. In recent years, technologies such as artificial intelligence, mobile banking, and blockchain have not only been a source of support to human resources in banks but have also increasingly replaced them, enabling more efficient real-time banking services available 24/7. Digital innovations enhance the efficiency of banking operations through automation of routine tasks and archival of banking documentation and drive exponential growth in the volume of banking product and service sales, development of customized offerings, establishment of new communication forms, and, consequently, transformation of the customer experience. It is noted that the implementation of an innovative banking business model often encounters resistance from employees, which requires establishing a clear vision and strategy, continuous employee communication and training, analysis of leadership roles in change management, and fostering a culture of innovation within the bank. The focus of this paper is on presenting strategies that banks can implement using artificial intelligence, chatbots, and big data analytics to enhance client relations, improve competitiveness, increase brand recognition, and drive more profitable operations. Additionally, attention is drawn to the potential risks banks may face, including data privacy issues and regulatory compliance in order to underscore the advantages of digital banking while ensuring ethical, sustainable, and successful functioning of the banking sector. The aim of this research is to demonstrate a holistic approach to digital transformation in banking, based on the integration of digital technology, change management, and marketing strategies - essential prerequisites for competitiveness and longterm sustainability of banking operations in a dynamic business environment.

The Economic Impact of Cybercrime: A Literature Review of Regional and Global Drivers

The Economic Impact of Cybercrime: A Literature Review of Regional and Global Drivers
(The Economic Impact of Cybercrime: A Literature Review of Regional and Global Drivers)

Author(s):Csongor Herke, Dávid Tóth
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:543-550
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Cybercrime; Economic impact; Cybersecurity costs; Regional disparities; Digital resilience; Hungary
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the economic impact of cybercrime through a comprehensive literature review, analyzing its global and regional effects. Cybercrime imposes significant costs on businesses and governments, increasing cybersecurity expenditures, distorting markets, and eroding consumer trust. The study highlights the uneven distribution of cybercrime, with wealthier, digitally advanced regions facing greater risks. Special attention is given to European and Central European trends, particularly in Hungary, where cyber threats are rising. The analysis explores regulatory responses, international cooperation, and evolving cybercriminal tactics, including Artificial Intelligence driven fraud. Findings suggest that strengthening cybersecurity policies, enhancing public awareness, and fostering cross-border collaboration are crucial to mitigating economic damage. The paper aims to inform policy strategies that improve digital resilience and financial stability.

Audit Thresholds and the Incidence of Corruption Cases in Selected Countries of Central and Eastern Europe

Audit Thresholds and the Incidence of Corruption Cases in Selected Countries of Central and Eastern Europe
(Audit Thresholds and the Incidence of Corruption Cases in Selected Countries of Central and Eastern Europe)

Author(s):Radoslav Tusan, Erika Liptakova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:551-557
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Audit thresholds; Corruption cases; Small companies
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the article is to point out the relationship between the number of corruption cases in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the size criteria set for conducting the audit. The size criteria for conducting an audit are set in national legislation for accounting as threshold values and are derived from the size criteria of companies listed in Directive 2013/34/EU on the annual financial statements, consolidated financial statements and related reports of certain types of undertakings. It is important that small businesses characterized by relatively high size criteria do not have the obligation to conduct an audit. The article analyzes the relationship between increased audit size criteria since 2013 and corruption cases in the same time period. The research was carried out for the following countries: Slovakia, Czechia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, and Serbia.

Тhe Role and Importance of Principles of Taxation in Creating a (Solid) Tax System

Тhe Role and Importance of Principles of Taxation in Creating a (Solid) Tax System
(Тhe Role and Importance of Principles of Taxation in Creating a (Solid) Tax System)

Author(s):Bojana Vasiljević Poljašević
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:559-569
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Principles of taxation; (Solid) Tax system
Summary/Abstract:Since the early 18th century, theory and practice have sought universal principles for a “solid” tax system. These principles help assess existing tax policies and review proposed innovations. Taxes are not just fees for living in a society; they shape the civilization citizens want to live in. The state's decisions on taxation profoundly affect the economy, resource allocation, and public satisfaction. This research examines key tax principles necessary for any good tax policy, focusing on how taxes support economic growth and other specific fiscal and parafiscal goals. The analysis also explores the role and importance of a solid tax system. Using the Republic of Srpska’s tax system as a case study, the paper assesses distortions in its current tax system. The author concludes that while no universal tax principles are ideal for all countries and times, certain principles lead to a solid tax system in any country.

IFRS 17 and Solvency II: A Comparative Analysis

IFRS 17 and Solvency II: A Comparative Analysis
(IFRS 17 and Solvency II: A Comparative Analysis)

Author(s):Enkeleda Shehi, Roel Shehi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:571-578
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:IFRS17; Solvency II; Regulatory frameworks; Insurance markets; Financial reporting; Capital requirements; General Measurement Model; Contractual Service Margin
Summary/Abstract:This paper explores two key frameworks in the insurance industry: IFRS 17, an accounting standard implemented in 2023 to unify global insurance contract reporting, and Solvency II, a regulatory regime established in 2016 to ensure capital adequacy and risk management within the EU. While both aim to enhance transparency and financial stability, they differ in scope, purpose, and application. IFRS 17 focuses on long-term profit recognition using concepts like the General Measurement Model (GMM) and Contractual Service Margin (CSM), while Solvency II emphasizes short-term solvency through market-consistent valuations. Key differences include risk adjustment methodologies and the specification of liquidity premiums. This paper also addresses challenges in operational implementation, costs, stakeholder expectations, and data integration. Despite these hurdles, the synergies between the frameworks present opportunities for harmonization, improved transparency, and stakeholder confidence, marking a significant step forward for global insurance markets.

Social Impact Reporting Is a Corporate Responsibility and a Personal Need

Social Impact Reporting Is a Corporate Responsibility and a Personal Need
(Social Impact Reporting Is a Corporate Responsibility and a Personal Need)

Author(s):Mariya Vlaeva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:579-585
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Social effects reporting; Corporate responsibility; Personal need
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the reasons for the need to take into account the social effects of an enterprise's activities. An attempt is made to explain the emergence of parallel nonprofit activity along with the economic one. The aim is to show that the emergence of socially oriented entrepreneurial activities, which, in addition to profit, have a high social effect, are caused not by corporate responsibility but by satisfying personal needs to achieve a higher social status. Along with the high-tech development and the emergence of artificial intelligence in the last 10-20 years, the requirements for social accountability of the effects of the activities of enterprises are also increasing. This, on the one hand, leads to greater public awareness and, on the other hand, to greater importance of a company in solving social problems. The conclusions reached are that the reporting of social effects may have been introduced legislatively as a corporate responsibility, but this, in its essence, is the satisfaction of a personal need to achieve a higher social significance and confirm the given company as responsible and promising for societal requirements in general.

Local Self-Governments Financing in the Slovak Republic Under Crisis Situations

Local Self-Governments Financing in the Slovak Republic Under Crisis Situations
(Local Self-Governments Financing in the Slovak Republic Under Crisis Situations)

Author(s):Viera Papcunova, Dana Országhová, Michal Levický, RADOMÍRA HORNYÁK GREGÁŇOVÁ, Jarmila Hudáková
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:587-594
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Crisis situations; Local self-governments; Financing; Tax revenues
Summary/Abstract:Managing crisis situations depends on the preparedness of local self-governments, the availability of their resources, and their ability to respond to changing conditions. The main objective of the paper is to evaluate the impact of crisis situations on the tax revenues of local self-governments. For the analysis we selected a group of small municipalities (up to 199 inhabitants) that are most sensitive to changes in financing. They represent 13% of the total number of municipalities. The evaluation time period is 2005 to 2023, which captures the economic crisis, the pandemic crisis, and the energy crisis. The analysis showed that the economic crisis and the Covid-19 pandemic hit small municipalities the hardest through tax revenues, which saw a decline compared to pre-crisis periods. In addition, Covid-19 also negatively affected local tax revenues. Conversely, the energy crisis has only marginally affected small municipalities in context of reduced local tax revenues.

Legal and Financial Challenges of “Brain-Drain” in Healthcare in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Legal and Financial Challenges of “Brain-Drain” in Healthcare in Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Legal and Financial Challenges of “Brain-Drain” in Healthcare in Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Author(s):Edina Sudžuka, Azur Pašić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:595-605
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Public health; Brain-drain; Nursing professionals and healthcare professionals; Shortage of the health service
Summary/Abstract:The problem of the health workers (technicians and nurses) outflow from Bosnia and Herzegovina and from the other countries of the former Yugoslavia represents a key challenge for the sustainability of health systems. After the collapse of the socialist system, the public healthcare institutions, once supported by strong educational systems serving as the backup of healthcare service delivery, have faced challenges with the introduction of the market economy thus leading to competition with the private sector and a significant outflow of skilled personnel. The freedom of movement of people and work, both within the European Union and globally, additionally encourages migration, thus causing inequality in the availability of health services, both within countries and between them, but also the negative effect of tightening competitive relations, which in the health sector causes undesirable compromises in the quality of providing health services, at the expense of patients. The paper will discuss the possibilities of finding measures to retain medical staff, taking into consideration modalities of combining employment policy with fiscal policy, and policies in the field of public health, or interstate agreements.

Local Government Approaches to Development in Croatia

Local Government Approaches to Development in Croatia
(Local Government Approaches to Development in Croatia)

Author(s):Sunčana Slijepčević
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:607-615
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Local councilors; Local development; Croatia
Summary/Abstract:Local economic development is a priority for cities and municipalities, aiming to enhance economic capacity and improve residents’ quality of life. However, local units in Croatia pursue different approaches and have varying priorities based on their unique circumstances. Each local government unit has distinct fiscal capacities, availability of public services, efficiency in public spending, and other factors influencing their development. This paper analyzes the perspectives of locally elected actors on fourteen topics related to the development of local government units. The research is based on the results of a survey conducted in 2023-2024 in Croatia. The topics address various aspects of urban life, including economic activities, mobility, housing, cultural services, poverty, environment, and others. The findings highlight local development priorities and identify the differences in perspectives on local economic development, providing insights into how local governments approach development and community well-being.

The Importance of Infrastructure Performance for Attracting Foreign Direct Investments to the Territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina

The Importance of Infrastructure Performance for Attracting Foreign Direct Investments to the Territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina
(The Importance of Infrastructure Performance for Attracting Foreign Direct Investments to the Territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Author(s):Boro Ninić, Anka Bulatovic
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:617-625
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Foreign Direct Investment; Infrastructure; Bosnia and Herzegovina
Summary/Abstract:Foreign direct investments (FDI) in the conditions of globalization and a dynamic economic environment are gaining the role of a significant lever of economic development. Governments worldwide are making enormous efforts to enhance FDI inflow. One of the mechanisms for attracting them is investment in infrastructure development. The paper explores the impact of infrastructural performance on attracting FDI to the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), to ensure greater economic development. The research problem in this paper stems from the fact that B&H has a less developed infrastructure than the neighboring countries, and it is necessary to research the importance of infrastructure development in attracting FDI to the territory of B&H. The research goals are reflected in the impact of the development of road, rail and air transport, as well as the development of electrical networks, telecommunication and Internet traffic, on the inflow of FDI.

Sustainable Regional Development – Nudging Behavioural Economy Policies

Sustainable Regional Development – Nudging Behavioural Economy Policies
(Sustainable Regional Development – Nudging Behavioural Economy Policies)

Author(s):Yulian Mollov, Aygun Erturk-Mincheva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:627-635
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Sustainable Regional Development; Behavioral economics; Nudge
Summary/Abstract:In accordance with the new paradigm in regional policy, the development of the regions should be based on the local characteristics of the specific territory. This requires the implementation of a place-based /decentralized/ approach, promoting investments in endogenous growth factors such as the business environment, small and medium-sized enterprises, human capital, cultural heritage, etc. Endogenous development factors are even more important in the context of a green and just transition, as different regions will be affected to different degrees. The present study identifies evidence from Bulgaria for the application of the nudge approach in regional policy. The possibilities of behavioral economics for improving cohesion policy and achieving sustainable development of European Union regions are analyzed.

Geography and Regional Economic Development: The Role of Market Potential in Italy, 1911-2011

Geography and Regional Economic Development: The Role of Market Potential in Italy, 1911-2011
(Geography and Regional Economic Development: The Role of Market Potential in Italy, 1911-2011)

Author(s):Francesco Sama
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:637-645
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Regional disparities; Economic development; Market potential; Italy 1911-2011; North-South
Summary/Abstract:This article analyses the evolution of regional economic inequalities in Italy from 1911 to 2011, focusing on the role of market potential as a determinant of economic development. The Italian case is particularly relevant for two reasons: First, the process of industrialization has significantly widened the gap in GDP per capita between regions; second, it allows us to examine whether factors such as market potential have influenced and exacerbated regional development differences. Using methods from New Economic Geography (NEG), the study quantifies market potential and integrates it with variables such as industrialization, education and urbanization to explain income differences between Italian regions. The results show that market potential is a key variable for understanding regional differences in development. Despite improvements in the transport sector, the South's greater distance from the main domestic and foreign markets is the main obstacle to its economic development.

Sustainable Development Goals and the Adoption on Local Level – Case of Albania

Sustainable Development Goals and the Adoption on Local Level – Case of Albania
(Sustainable Development Goals and the Adoption on Local Level – Case of Albania)

Author(s):Sorina Koti
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:647-655
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Sustainable development; Government; Municipalities; Budget
Summary/Abstract:The Sustainable Development Goals and the adoption of them on central and local levels have been seen as very important, in order to fulfill the obligations of Albania for the Agenda 2030. Albania has signed the Agreement and has started work on its fulfillment. Albania has constituted a Parliamentary Sub-Commission for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is monitoring the implementation of these goals at the government and local level. The paper will analyse the level of adopted SDGs, the problems, the threats for the future, the impact of them on the government and community, as well as the opportunities and obstacles for achieving them. The study will give a full picture of SDGs in Albania and compare it with the other six Western Balkan Countries. The implementation of SDGs will increase the awareness of the central government and municipalities toward drafting the budgets at each level. The implementation of SDGs requires enough budget at all Ministries and Municipalities, which will impact the allocation and reallocation of funds. Hence, the paper will discuss the importance of fastening the adoption of SDGs from the local level toward the central one, because it is necessary to have sustainable development at the local level, in order to achieve sustainable growth at the national level.

An Analysis of the Trends in Accelerating Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Management Through AI Integration Frameworks

An Analysis of the Trends in Accelerating Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Management Through AI Integration Frameworks
(An Analysis of the Trends in Accelerating Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Management Through AI Integration Frameworks)

Author(s):Dimitrios A. Karras
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:657-667
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Sustainable Development Goals; AI; AI integration frameworks
Summary/Abstract:Integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into the management of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) presents a transformative opportunity to address pressing global challenges. This paper explores the multifaceted applicability of AI in advancing the 17 SDGs, highlighting its potential to enhance efficiency, drive innovation, and foster inclusive growth across various sectors. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and case studies, we identify that AI can enable progress on 134 targets (approximately 79% of all SDG targets) while recognizing the risks associated with its implementation, including ethical concerns and potential biases. The author discusses specific applications of AI in critical areas such as healthcare, agriculture, climate action, and education, illustrating how AI technologies can facilitate data-driven decision-making and resource optimization. More precisely, it is herein attempted to present how AI can be applied to SDG targets and goals, as well as to present a general flowchart of the steps of AI applicability in SDG management. Moreover, this paper attempts to model a framework for AI integration with SDG management employing a preliminary UML-based design. Ultimately, this paper aims to provide some insights into harnessing AI as a catalyst for accelerating the SDGs while addressing the challenges accompanying its rapid advancement and the relative risks.

Building Back Better: Corporate Strategies for Sustainable Growth in the Post-Pandemic Era

Building Back Better: Corporate Strategies for Sustainable Growth in the Post-Pandemic Era
(Building Back Better: Corporate Strategies for Sustainable Growth in the Post-Pandemic Era)

Author(s):Matej Lahovnik
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:669-677
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Strategy; Sustainability; Digitalization; Post-pandemic era
Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the critical factors influencing corporate restructuring strategies in the post-pandemic global economy. The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented challenges, forcing businesses worldwide to reevaluate their structures and strategies. In its aftermath, corporations face a landscape marked by economic uncertainty, shifting consumer behaviors, and volatile market dynamics. As a result, corporate restructuring has emerged as an essential strategy for organizations aiming to adapt, sustain operations, and achieve success in this transformed environment. The study identifies key drivers of post-pandemic era, emphasizing the need for digitalization, sustainability, operational agility, and strategic realignment. Among these, digitalization has proven to be a transformative force, fundamentally reshaping industries, economies, and societies on a global scale. Drawing on insights from both academic research and industry practices, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of corporate restructuring strategies in the post-pandemic era. It offers actionable implications for executives, policymakers, and scholars, equipping them to navigate and leverage the complexities of the evolving global economy effectively.

Acquisitive Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A Review of Existing Literature

Acquisitive Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A Review of Existing Literature
(Acquisitive Growth of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A Review of Existing Literature)

Author(s):Petra Mezulić Juric
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:679-687
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:SME acquisitions; Acquisitive growth; SME growth
Summary/Abstract:The literature on small business growth has predominantly emphasized organic growth. However, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) can also achieve growth through acquisitions, expanding their capabilities and market presence. This paper reviews the existing literature on SME acquisitive growth, focusing on motives, processes, and outcomes. In contrast to large firms, SMEs often have intertwined ownership and management roles, influencing their acquisition strategies. SME owners pursue acquisitions to create additional value. Entrepreneurs play a critical role in identifying targets, negotiating and integrating acquired companies. The smaller scale of SME acquisitions allows for flexible integration processes tailored to specific needs and cultures. Post-acquisition, SMEs exhibit unique value creation mechanisms, including accelerated organic growth and new organizational knowledge. Overall, this paper highlights the unique characteristics of SME growth through acquisition and contributes to a deeper understanding of how small and medium enterprises can effectively use acquisitions as a growth strategy.

Exploring the Influencing Factors of Big Data Analytics Adoption in Manufacturing Firms: A Survey Analysis

Exploring the Influencing Factors of Big Data Analytics Adoption in Manufacturing Firms: A Survey Analysis
(Exploring the Influencing Factors of Big Data Analytics Adoption in Manufacturing Firms: A Survey Analysis)

Author(s):László Buics Buics, Mouhyar Saad Eddin
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:689-697
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Big Data analytics; Adoption factors; Survey analysis
Summary/Abstract:Due to its attractive possibilities and potential benefits, the use of big data analytics is gaining popularity in both real operations and theoretical discourse. The goal of this research is to identify the factors that influence the adoption of big data analytics and their impact on the performance of supply chains in the manufacturing industry, examining how information sharing between firms affects this relationship with the help of a survey to collect and analyze data, with a sample size of 200 respondents. The study discovered that technological, organizational, environmental, and perceived risk factors all had a significant impact on big data analytics adoption. The study's findings also show a substantial and favorable relationship between big data analytics adoption and supply chain performance. Finally, it was observed that the act of sharing information had a moderating effect on the link between big data analytics adoption and firm performance.

Why Do Firms Internationalize? An Empirical Analysis of Western Balkans Firms

Why Do Firms Internationalize? An Empirical Analysis of Western Balkans Firms
(Why Do Firms Internationalize? An Empirical Analysis of Western Balkans Firms)

Author(s):Nertila Busho
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:699-707
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Internationalization; Innovation; Western Balkans
Summary/Abstract:There is an increasing interest in and intention of firms to internationalize their business operations. Internationalization has become a critical strategy for businesses to achieve competitive advantage and to have better performance. However, the decision to internationalize business operations is driven by different factors that vary across countries and sectors. This research aims to empirically analyse the factors that drive businesses’ decisions to go internationally. To do so, the analysis draws on the Barometer Business Opinion in six countries of the Western Balkans. Considering the data from 1,200 business leaders, the ordinal logistic regression was employed to test the hypothesis. The results confirm that Western Balkan businesses internationalize their operations to have access to new markets. In addition, factors such as access to natural resources, technological innovation and availability of land or real estate, are important drivers to go internationally. On the other hand, lower production costs, including labour force cost, better integration of company’s value chain, business-friendly legal and regulatory environment and tax rates, are not significant factors for firm to go internationally. This article has important policy and managerial implications.

Electric Vehicles and Environmental Attitudes: The Social Dimensions of Sustainable Mobility

Electric Vehicles and Environmental Attitudes: The Social Dimensions of Sustainable Mobility
(Electric Vehicles and Environmental Attitudes: The Social Dimensions of Sustainable Mobility)

Author(s):Boglarka Eisinger Balassa, Reka Koteczki
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:709-719
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Electric vehicles; Environmental attitudes; Sustainability; Purchase intentions; Infrastructure; Central Eastern European Region
Summary/Abstract:The widespread uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) is key to reducing emissions and achieving sustainable development goals. However, the acceptance of EVs depends not only on technological progress but also on consumers' environmental attitudes. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of these attitudes through a regionally representative survey of a sample of 500 people in a Central Eastern European country. The questionnaire was used to measure consumers' attitudes towards environment, acceptance of EVs and the availability of charging infrastructure. K-means cluster analysis was used to identify four clusters. Following the purchase intention of each cluster for EVs and the influence of charging stations location were analysed. Results showed that respondents with positive environmental attitudes were significantly more likely to plan to purchase an EV. These results underline the need not only for infrastructure development but also for initiatives to promote environmentally conscious attitudes in order to accelerate the uptake of EVs.

Navigating the Hydrogen Transition in Petroleum Refining: A Comprehensive Market Assessment

Navigating the Hydrogen Transition in Petroleum Refining: A Comprehensive Market Assessment
(Navigating the Hydrogen Transition in Petroleum Refining: A Comprehensive Market Assessment)

Author(s):Charikleia Karakosta, Giuseppe Minafra, Luca Bardoscia, Myrto Hynogala, Stella G. Gianissi, George Mitkidis
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:721-728
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Clean energy transition; Sustainable development; Carbon neutrality; Climate-neutrality; Green hydrogen; Energy-intensive industries; PESTEL analysis
Summary/Abstract:The urgency to decarbonize all industries, including petroleum refining, is driven by ambitious net-zero targets and a global shift towards renewable energy. The sector’s significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions underscores the urgent need to explore alternative energy sources and innovative technologies to mitigate climate impacts while enhancing energy security. This paper examines the potential role of green hydrogen in reducing emissions and transforming Europe’s energy system. It comprehensively analyzes the global and EU-level hydrogen market landscape, focusing on production, consumption, and market segmentation. The paper examines the integration of large-scale electrolysis in refinery operations, assessing market identification, sizing, and potential replication. A PESTEL analysis is used to identify factors influencing the transition to hydrogen-based technologies, emphasizing pre-normative research, communication, and regulatory frameworks. The findings contribute to policymaking, investment decisions, and the successful integration of hydrogen into petroleum refining processes.

A Review of Public Interest in Renewable Energy in the Visegrad Group Countries

A Review of Public Interest in Renewable Energy in the Visegrad Group Countries
(A Review of Public Interest in Renewable Energy in the Visegrad Group Countries)

Author(s):Liubov Hodovanska, Maria Bohdalova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:729-737
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Renewable Energy; Public Interest; Visegrad Group countries
Summary/Abstract:The issue of energy transition has become one of the most urgent in the global economy in recent years, with public opinion playing a significant role in shaping energy policies. This study examines public interest in renewable energy by focusing on keywords related to photovoltaic technologies in the Visegrad Group countries. We have used Google Trends and Semrush data to explore public interest in renewable energy during 2024 and over the five-year period 2020-2024. Based on the constructed distribution map of popularity scores, we found that rural and less urbanized areas showed significantly higher interest, while capital cities and industrial regions showed lower levels of engagement. Furthermore, an analysis of the dependencies of intent by country and intent by keyword type was conducted. The chi-square test confirms that targeted searches for photovoltaic-related information are statistically significant. Our results confirm that citizens of the Visegrad Group countries are actively seeking information about photovoltaics, with the strongest dependence observed in Poland, followed by Slovakia, Hungary, and the Czech Republic.

The ‘Price’ of Food as a Determinant of Food System Independence

The ‘Price’ of Food as a Determinant of Food System Independence
(The ‘Price’ of Food as a Determinant of Food System Independence)

Author(s):Violeta Blazheva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:739-745
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Food; ‘Price‘ of food; Food security; Food system; Food loss; Food waste
Summary/Abstract:The idea for this paper is based on the relationship between a starving population and huge amounts of wasted food. The scarcity of resources for production, population growth, the growing number of hungry people and other prerequisites requires the adoption of timely and adequate social, economic, environmental and governmental decisions. All of them are relevant to the formation of the so-called ‘price’ of food. Its vital importance is a determining factor for the independence of the food system of countries - a guarantor of achieving food security. In search of opportunities to minimize the amounts of wasted food, their correct conceptual characterization is necessary - for example, food waste and others. Reducing the amount of waste requires optimizing production and activities, respectively, and costs of food production.

Green Management Practices for Sustainable Whisky Production in Europe

Green Management Practices for Sustainable Whisky Production in Europe
(Green Management Practices for Sustainable Whisky Production in Europe)

Author(s):Dabija Dadiana, Chetrariu Ancuta
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:747-755
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Green Management; Sustainable Whisky Production; European Distilleries
Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the implementation of green management practices in whisky distilleries across continental Europe, aiming to identify key strategies used to reduce pollution, waste, and emissions. Utilizing a qualitative methodology, the study draws insights from interviews with internal stakeholders (marketing, production, quality assurance managers) to understand the drivers and challenges of adopting environmentally sustainable initiatives in a traditionally resource-intensive industry. The findings highlight innovative practices such as energy-efficient production technologies, closed-loop systems, waste valorization methods, and eco-conscious packaging. This research is unique in examining green management within the whisky industry, offering perspectives on how emerging distilleries align traditional craftsmanship with sustainability goals. Limitations include its focus on distilleries founded after 2000, which may not fully represent the broader industry's green efforts. The research contributes to the broader discourse on green management by providing insights into the practices shaping the European whisky industry.

Sustainable Development of Cities in Bulgaria by Renovating the Building Stock

Sustainable Development of Cities in Bulgaria by Renovating the Building Stock
(Sustainable Development of Cities in Bulgaria by Renovating the Building Stock)

Author(s):Katya Antonova, Atanas Kovachev
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:757-764
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Sustainable urban development; Sustainable construction; Renovation of the building stock
Summary/Abstract:Demographic trends and increasing urbanization suggest an increase in demand and an increase in the construction of buildings and facilities, suggesting that energy needs and material use for the construction sector will increase by 50% by 2060. According to research, around 75% of the EU's building stock is energy inefficient, with 75% of the total energy consumed for heating and cooling and 25% for hot water and electricity. Improving the condition of the building stock can be a key factor in creating sustainable cities that contribute to sustainable development and a circular economy.

Deseasonalization of Time Series – Application to Romania

Deseasonalization of Time Series – Application to Romania
(Deseasonalization of Time Series – Application to Romania)

Author(s):Pintilia Liliana, Roxana-Violeta Partas-Ciolan, Selaru Ilie-Cristian
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:765-773
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Deseasonalization; Time series; Quarterly GDP; Romania; TRAMO-SEATS
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the deseasonalization of time series in Romania, with a focus on its application in analyzing quarterly GDP data. Seasonal adjustment is a vital process that ensures consistency and comparability of economic indicators across quarters and years. By removing predictable seasonal variations, deseasonalization allows analysts to identify trends, turning points, and sectoral comparisons, facilitating robust economic evaluations. Romania’s adoption of JDemetra+ software and the TRAMO-SEATS methodology since 2012 reflects the nation’s commitment to aligning with the European System of Accounts (ESA 2010) standards. The challenges associated with data revisions, structural breaks, and outliers are addressed within this process. The findings highlight the effectiveness of deseasonalization in supporting accurate policymaking and economic analysis.

The Aging Population of Romania: A Long-Term Process with Hard-to-Predict Effects

The Aging Population of Romania: A Long-Term Process with Hard-to-Predict Effects
(The Aging Population of Romania: A Long-Term Process with Hard-to-Predict Effects)

Author(s):Selaru Ilie-Cristian, Pintilia Liliana, Roxana-Violeta Partas-Ciolan
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:775-781
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Demographic decline; Population aging; International migration; Fertility rate; Dependency ratio
Summary/Abstract:In Romania, as in most European countries, one of the major issues is the continuous population decline driven by aging, decreasing birth rates, and increasing life expectancy. These are just a few of the significant aspects that characterize the demography in Romania, 35 years after the Revolution of 1989. In demographic terms, some of the consequences are reflected in a drastic reduction in the resident population of areas that are currently economically unattractive, as well as major imbalances in the population across the three key age groups, among others. The economic and social consequences are highly diverse, affecting both the labor market and the demand for healthcare and social services tailored to the specific age structure of the population or the distribution of residents across different environments.

Self-Assessment of Knowledge About the EU and Active EU Citizenship Among Youth in Croatia

Self-Assessment of Knowledge About the EU and Active EU Citizenship Among Youth in Croatia
(Self-Assessment of Knowledge About the EU and Active EU Citizenship Among Youth in Croatia)

Author(s):Zrinka Fišer
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:783-791
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:EU; Students; Croatia; Active citizenship; Self-assessment; Attitudes
Summary/Abstract:The extremely low turnout of Croatian voters in the European Parliament elections in June 2024 illustrates Croats’ lack of involvement in EU matters. Croatian people’s absence of interest in the elections could be attributed to a lack of information about the European Union, how it works, what EU citizens’ options are, or how to engage in EU activities. 69 undergraduate and graduate non-Eglish major students from the University of Slavonski Brod in Croatia participated in a pilot research aiming to determine the relationship between a lack of enthusiasm to actively participate in EU decision-making and their knowledge of the EU. Findings suggest statistically significant positive connections between participants’ positive views towards the EU and how well informed they were about the EU’s governmental, economic, geographical, and cultural features. The findings of this research should also be tested on a larger number of participants from the Western Balkans.

Personal Attitudes Toward Sustainable Transformation (Results from a New Study on Bulgarian Citizens)

Personal Attitudes Toward Sustainable Transformation (Results from a New Study on Bulgarian Citizens)
(Personal Attitudes Toward Sustainable Transformation (Results from a New Study on Bulgarian Citizens))

Author(s):Vanya Ivanova, Marina Stefanova, Iliya Atanasov, Alexandra Korcheva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:793-801
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Sustainable transformation; Sustainability preferences; Sustainable consumption; Sustainable development; Corporate social responsibility; SDGs
Summary/Abstract:Sustainable development requires changes at both institutional and individual levels, with the role of how people perceive their role in this process and the barriers they face being of key importance. This pilot study presents results from a recent survey on sustainability preferences conducted among 450 Bulgarian respondents, aged mostly between 14 – 45 in 2024. By measuring respondents’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours in economic, ecological, and social aspects, this study aims to provide an understanding of the attitudes of Bulgarian citizens towards sustainability transformation. The results reveal agreement with the sense of necessity to reduce waste and the necessity for stricter environmental laws. Participants express willingness to modify personal behaviour. Strong correlations were observed between individuals' beliefs in reducing consumption and the responsibility of companies toward sustainability, as well as between access to education and sustainable corporate behaviour. A gap between positive attitudes and actual outcomes is identified, evident particularly in terms of institutional trust. The results point to the need for fine-tuning of policy implementation and further research for the identification of barriers preventing broader success at the macro level.

Perception from the Industry and University Perspectives of the Barriers That Hinder the U-I Cooperation in Albania

Perception from the Industry and University Perspectives of the Barriers That Hinder the U-I Cooperation in Albania
(Perception from the Industry and University Perspectives of the Barriers That Hinder the U-I Cooperation in Albania)

Author(s):Ilira Pulaj, Klaudja Guga, Enida Brakaj
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:803-812
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:University–Industry (UIC) collaboration; Barriers; Questionnaires
Summary/Abstract:Innovation problems often result from the weak or missing connections between industry and academia. This is caused by several barriers, such as the mismatch between available skills and those required by industry, or the limited ability of firms to recruit and develop human resources. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that hinder “University-Industry (U-I)” collaboration, and to examine the perceptions of both the academic and industrial sectors in our country regarding the impact of these factors on cooperation. This study is based on a review of an extensive domestic and foreign literature. Based on the conclusions of the literature review, two structured questionnaires were developed—one for academia and one for industry. The questionnaires evaluate and analyze the perception in the academic sector in our country as well as businesses about the factors that hinder cooperation and the perception about the necessary measures for the positive progress of this cooperation.

Specific Educational Elements of the "Educated Romania" Project

Specific Educational Elements of the "Educated Romania" Project
(Specific Educational Elements of the "Educated Romania" Project)

Author(s):Ionela Luminita Canuta (Bucuroiu), Adrian Ioana
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:813-818
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Education; Inclusion; Students; “Educated Romania” Project; Performance; Quality
Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to identify and analyse the key elements of the "Educated Romania" project and to assess their potential to contribute to the modernization and improvement of the Romanian education system. This study focuses on the initiatives proposed by the project, such as adapting the curriculum to the needs and requirements of the labor market, continuous professional training of teachers, creating a modern school infrastructure and promoting equity and inclusion in education. This article will highlight both the expected positive impact on the quality of education and the challenges encountered in the implementation of the "Educated Romania" project. This study will provide a clear perspective on the "Educated Romania" project and will suggest action directions that could support the efficient implementation of the project.

Features of the Student Volunteer: Insights from Bulgaria

Features of the Student Volunteer: Insights from Bulgaria
(Features of the Student Volunteer: Insights from Bulgaria)

Author(s):Violeta Toncheva-Zlatkova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:819-828
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Volunteering; University student; Family background; Social engagement; Third mission
Summary/Abstract:This paper presents preliminary findings from a survey conducted among the University of National and World Economy (UNWE) students regarding their volunteering activities. The main objective is focused on creating a volunteer culture, supporting the initiation of volunteer projects during university studies and involving young people in these types of activities. The paper reviews the demographic characteristics of students and attempts to discover the influence of family background on their participation in volunteering activities. It analyzes the relationships between income level, parental education, location, religion, possible good role models (friends, relatives, classmates) and participation in volunteer activities.

Student Behaviour in a Course Learning Management System After Disruptions in Teaching and Learning

Student Behaviour in a Course Learning Management System After Disruptions in Teaching and Learning
(Student Behaviour in a Course Learning Management System After Disruptions in Teaching and Learning)

Author(s):Sandra Lovrenčić, Vlatka Sekovanić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:829-836
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Student behaviour; Learning analytics; Teaching and learning disruptions; COVID-19
Summary/Abstract:Learning and teaching processes and methods can change in special circumstances, as was the COVID-19 pandemic. Such changes can be disruptive and affect all participants, including student behaviour and performance, possibly even after the teaching process and methods return to the same or similar mode. To investigate whether and how student behaviour related to online teaching resources changed after the pandemic and online classes, learning analytics of part of student online activity related to course materials in the Learning Management System was performed at a graduate-level course for the last academic year before pandemic (2019/2020), and two consecutive academic years after pandemic (2022/2023 and 2023/2024). The results show that online activity didn’t return to levels before the pandemic. Student views increased in general but also decreased for lecture materials. When compared with grades, the higher percentage of students after the return of in-person classes passed the course, but they had lower grades than those who attended the course before the pandemic. Based on the results, further research will be carried out to connect specific grading elements and online activity with the purpose of improving student results.

A Study on Students’ Critical Thinking and Media Literacy Through the Flipped Classroom Method: Opportunities and Challenges in the Information Society

A Study on Students’ Critical Thinking and Media Literacy Through the Flipped Classroom Method: Opportunities and Challenges in the Information Society
(A Study on Students’ Critical Thinking and Media Literacy Through the Flipped Classroom Method: Opportunities and Challenges in the Information Society)

Author(s):Mariya Aleksieva, Milen Baltov, Krasimira Mineva, Zlatina Dimitrova, Veselina Zhecheva, Kameliya Staneva, Gergana Kirova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:837-848
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Flipped classroom method; Critical thinking; Media literacy; Higher education; Digital learning; Information society
Summary/Abstract:In the context of the rapidly evolving digital age, society faces the challenge of adapting educational systems to develop students' critical thinking and media literacy skills, key competencies for the 21st century. This study examines the effectiveness of the flipped classroom method as a pedagogical approach to fostering critical analysis, independent reasoning and informed decision-making in an era dominated by vast information flows and digital media. The research focuses on the Critical Thinking and Information Skills (CTIS) project, which integrates flipped classroom techniques into higher education curricula to enhance students’ ability to assess information credibility, recognize media biases, and engage in analytical discourse. The study was conducted among students from Burgas Free University, representing various academic disciplines such as social sciences, pedagogy, and psychology. A mixed-method research approach was used, including pre- and post-course assessments, surveys and qualitative feedback analysis. Results indicate that 91.1% of students perceive a significant difference between traditional teaching methods and the flipped classroom model, emphasizing higher engagement, motivation, and deeper understanding of course materials. Quantitative findings show that students’ analytical skills and media literacy improved considerably, with 68% of participants demonstrating increased competency in identifying misinformation and critically assessing media content. The study also highlights the challenges associated with implementing the flipped classroom model, such as unequal access to digital resources, the need for faculty training, and ensuring students' active participation beyond passive content consumption. However, the overall findings suggest that the flipped classroom method is a highly effective tool for fostering independent learning, media literacy and critical thinking in digital education. Future research should explore the long-term impact of this model on students’ cognitive skills, cross-cultural applicability, and its effectiveness in diverse academic disciplines. Additionally, expanding the CTIS methodology to non-formal education settings, including adult learning and media literacy workshops, could further contribute to developing an informed, critically engaged, and socially responsible generation.

Marketing Research on Consumer Satisfaction of Students Majoring in Marketing at the University “Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov”, Burgas, from the Lecture Process

Marketing Research on Consumer Satisfaction of Students Majoring in Marketing at the University “Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov”, Burgas, from the Lecture Process
(Marketing Research on Consumer Satisfaction of Students Majoring in Marketing at the University “Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov”, Burgas, from the Lecture Process)

Author(s):Svetla Atanasova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:849-857
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Marketing research; Student opinion; Consumer satisfaction; Marketing major; University "Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov"; Burgas
Summary/Abstract:The continuous dynamics of economic conditions, influencing the activities of the university, necessitates the need for the institution to achieve maximum consumer satisfaction to one degree or another. This process should be perceived by the management as a theory for strengthening the image of the university, as a driver for meeting consumer expectations and striving to achieve consumer loyalty by meeting and resolving complaints. Within the limits of the complexity of the issue under consideration, the main goal of this study is to build a theoretical framework for the essence and specificity of consumer satisfaction and on the pedestal thus built to carry out an empirical study of the opinion of 1st year students, majoring in Marketing, at the University "Prof. Dr. Asen Zlatarov", Burgas, regarding the lecture process. To achieve the main goal thus set, the following approaches should be applied: systemic and systemic-situational approach; inductive and deductive approach; transformation approach, internal and external analyses. The use of strategic methods, comparative methods, methods of analogy, including a combination of them, becomes significant. The marketing research conducted in this way leads us to the conclusion that in order to determine the level of consumer satisfaction, it is necessary to conduct periodic surveys, which would allow determining consumer expectations.

Learning Outcomes in Advanced Simulations Within Higher Education – A Systematic Literature Review

Learning Outcomes in Advanced Simulations Within Higher Education – A Systematic Literature Review
(Learning Outcomes in Advanced Simulations Within Higher Education – A Systematic Literature Review)

Author(s):Pernille Eskerod, Kaung Khant Min
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:859-866
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Higher education; Simulation; Learning outcome
Summary/Abstract:Advanced simulations within higher education have the potential to outperform traditional teaching methods when it comes to learning outcomes. The purpose of the paper is to determine which learning outcomes are most prominently enhanced through advanced digital business simulations. The research design consists of a systematic literature review of empirical peer-reviewed journal articles from 2019-2024. The analysis is based on a classical framework that categorizes learning outcomes in three domains: cognitive, skill-based and affective learning outcomes. All the empirical studies evidenced acquisition of knowledge and understanding, i.e. cognitive learning outcomes, e.g. problem-solving abilities, critical thinking, and conceptual understanding. Most studies evidenced skill-based learning outcomes, also referred to as behavioral outcomes, e.g. teamwork and interpersonal skills. Finally, most studies also pointed to affective learning outcomes, e.g. learners’ attitudes, motivations, and self-efficacy. Future research should explore strategies for higher education institutions to effectively implement simulations within their curricula.

The Role of Social Responsibility in Building the Quality Image of Preschool Institutions

The Role of Social Responsibility in Building the Quality Image of Preschool Institutions
(The Role of Social Responsibility in Building the Quality Image of Preschool Institutions)

Author(s):Melita Jurič, Boris Jurić, Dijana Vuković
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:867-877
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Image; Preschool institutions; Social responsibility; Quality
Summary/Abstract:Preschools must actively support social responsibility, environmental preservation, and the community in addition to offering high-quality services in the social and educational context of today. This essay explores the key elements of social responsibility that contribute to the formation of a positive perception of preschools and how this perception can be strategically used to attract parents, finance staff development, and adhere to regulations. Preschool institutions' success is impacted by factors other than the quality of childcare and instruction, though. Transparency in business, social inclusion, and environmental responsibility are becoming more and more important. This paper examines specific instances of community-building and image-building projects that preschools have undertaken, such as those about equality, family support, and environmental conservation. Institutions that successfully incorporate social responsibility into their strategies not only improve their reputation but also reap long-term benefits in the form of increased employee, parent, and child satisfaction and trust, especially in light of the growing competition and societal demands for ethical business practices. The principals of 352 preschools in the Republic of Croatia were surveyed to examine how they view and implement social responsibility in the process of enhancing their reputation for excellence.

User Experience with the Spotify Streaming Platform and Impact on the Music Industry

User Experience with the Spotify Streaming Platform and Impact on the Music Industry
(User Experience with the Spotify Streaming Platform and Impact on the Music Industry)

Author(s):Tanja Grmuša, Leonarda Buršić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:879-887
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:User experience; Streaming platforms; Spotify; Music industry; Survey
Summary/Abstract:The development of new technologies has influenced the way music is consumed, which is now distributed predominantly through digital platforms. This has encouraged the global availability of diverse musical content, but has also influenced changes in the music industry, which is trying to find a balance between user habits and demands, as well as the wishes of artists and performers. One of the most popular streaming platforms is Spotify, which provides a personalized experience, ensuring an active role for consumers. This paper presents the results of a quantitative survey conducted on the general population, and its aim was to examine how digital platforms such as Spotify shape consumer habits and the music industry as a whole.

The Trust Factor: Youth Perspectives on AI Tools for Cyberbullying Prevention

The Trust Factor: Youth Perspectives on AI Tools for Cyberbullying Prevention
(The Trust Factor: Youth Perspectives on AI Tools for Cyberbullying Prevention)

Author(s):Suzana Stojaković-Čelustka, Krunoslav Bedi, Josip Šimunko
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:889-898
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Generation Z; Cyberbullying; Multiple linear regression
Summary/Abstract:In recent years, the rapid growth of digital technology has significantly influenced the lives of younger generations, particularly Generation Z. The study presented in this paper explicitly targets youth aged 15 to 18—an age group situated between adolescence and early adulthood. The authors employed a multiple linear regression model to explore the factors influencing youth trust in AI tools for cyberbullying prevention. The data for the variables were gathered using a structured questionnaire comprising seven questions. By focusing on this demographic, the authors aimed to capture authentic insights into how the younger generation perceives AI tools designed to protect them in online environments.

Building the Image of a Tourist Destination Through Digital Innovative Solutions

Building the Image of a Tourist Destination Through Digital Innovative Solutions
(Building the Image of a Tourist Destination Through Digital Innovative Solutions)

Author(s):Lyubka Ilieva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:899-906
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Tourism; Image; Digital innovation; Tourist destination
Summary/Abstract:In today’s digital era, the tourism industry has undergone a profound transformation, with rapid advances in technology revolutionizing the way destinations are marketed, experiences are created, and tourists engage with the destination. The proliferation of interactive digital platforms and solutions has allowed consumers to better understand and engage with the destination they are visiting. This paper aims to present digital innovations that have an impact on shaping the image of a destination. To achieve this aim, the characteristics of a destination image and the main digital innovations that could be included in creating its positive image are outlined. As a result, effective digital marketing solutions are proposed to be used to build a positive image.

Study of the Influence of Economic and Demographic Factors on Online Shopping for Tourism Products in the European Union

Study of the Influence of Economic and Demographic Factors on Online Shopping for Tourism Products in the European Union
(Study of the Influence of Economic and Demographic Factors on Online Shopping for Tourism Products in the European Union)

Author(s):Simeonka Petrova, Hristina Mihaleva
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:907-916
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Online shopping; European consumers; Online shopping of tourist products in the European Union; Factors of online shopping of tourist products
Summary/Abstract:This study presents conceptual views and statements on online shopping for tourist products and its dynamics and trends. Theoretical and empirical aspects of the development of this type of shopping carried out by European consumers are highlighted. The main objective of the study is to analyze and assess the state and specificity of the behavior of European consumers when shopping online for tourist products by significant economic and demographic factors, such as disposable income, gender, age, educational and employment status, and on this basis to deduce the emerging dependencies. Respondents to the study are individuals from the 27 Member States of the European Union. Analytical data on their budgets, demographic profile and online purchases of tourist products refer to the ten-year period 2013-2023. This allows us to track the dynamics and development of the studied economic phenomenon. The measurement of the relationships between online purchases of tourist products and the selected variables is carried out using computer processing software - IBM SPSS Statistics, and the Excel program. The methodology of the study includes the application of the linear regression and correlation method. The results obtained from the conducted study are useful for characterizing the changes occurring in online shopping of tourist products by consumers in Europe.

Segmenting Tourist Spending Behavior: The Influence of Demographic and Behavioral Factors on Expenditure

Segmenting Tourist Spending Behavior: The Influence of Demographic and Behavioral Factors on Expenditure
(Segmenting Tourist Spending Behavior: The Influence of Demographic and Behavioral Factors on Expenditure)

Author(s):Ana Shkreta Bisha, Aurora Halili
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:917-924
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Tourism spending; Demography; Behavioral patterns; Segmentation; Sustainable tourism strategies
Summary/Abstract:This study utilizes 2024 survey data from southern Albania to examine the effects of demographic and behavioral factors on tourist spending, categorizing tourists into low, average, and high spenders. Demographic factors such as gender, age, education level, and employment status are analyzed alongside behavioral factors, including time spent, use of tourist packages, and type of tourist (individual versus family/group). A Probit regression and estimation using robust standard errors in SPSS is applied to segment tourist behaviors, ensuring accurate and reliable results by adjusting for any heteroscedasticity that might influence the estimates, given the diverse nature of tourism expenditure and demographic backgrounds. Results show significant differences in tourist satisfaction associated with spending behavior, particularly in relation to demographic and behavioral patterns. The findings of this analysis provide critical insights into the key factors influencing spending and help in the design of targeted tourist services.

Commercial Space Stations: A New Era in Orbital Tourism

Commercial Space Stations: A New Era in Orbital Tourism
(Commercial Space Stations: A New Era in Orbital Tourism)

Author(s):Aileen Rabsahl, Árpád Papp-Váry
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:925-933
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Commercial space stations; Orbital tourism; Space tourism
Summary/Abstract:As commercial space tourism is growing in popularity, the demand for commercial destinations in space is also rising. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to examine this new area of commercial space habitats in low Earth orbit by investigating the development of commercial space stations as a key factor for the shift from governmental-owned space stations to commercial contractors. This development is investigated by analyzing literature about the past six decades of human space flight as well as specialized literature for commercial space tourism. Together, these methods have been used to investigate two formulated hypotheses regarding commercialization and its impact on low Earth orbit space habitats.

The Contribution of Drones to the Safety of Tourism

The Contribution of Drones to the Safety of Tourism
(The Contribution of Drones to the Safety of Tourism)

Author(s):Boško Bubanja, Katarina Štrbac
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:935-944
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Drones; Tourism; Security; Ethical; Ecosystem; Ecological; Surveillance
Summary/Abstract:In recent years, drones have become a key tool in many industries, including tourism. In the security sector, it has brought numerous advantages in terms of monitoring, surveillance, prevention, intervention and effective response to crises. Given the advancement of technology, drones have proven to be highly effective in many security segments, including facility protection, public safety, crime-fighting, crisis management, and large-scale event monitoring. This contribution can be analyzed through different aspects, from physical security to digital protection and logistics. In the tourism industry, drones provide numerous advantages for both tourists and tourism organizations. Drones make it possible to capture incredible visual content, such as panoramic views and spectacular shots of hard-to-reach or natural locations. These recordings can be used in the promotion of tourist destinations through videos, images and virtual tours, which contributes to attracting more visitors. Drones make it possible to capture high-quality and attractive promotional videos and photos that can often show a destination from a perspective that would be impossible or too expensive to achieve with traditional methods. Given their advanced technological capabilities, drones have a significant impact on increasing the safety of tourists, efficiency in responding to emergencies and improving the protection of natural and cultural resources. Drones have the potential to improve tourism safety on many levels – from accident prevention and emergency response, to crowd monitoring and protection of natural and cultural resources. Their role in ensuring the safety of tourist destinations is becoming increasingly important, as they enable better control, faster response and more effective coordination among emergency services. This paper explores the main ways in which drones contribute to tourism safety, analyzing specific applications in different types of tourist destinations. Special attention is paid to their use in surveillance, emergencies, protection of cultural assets, crime prevention and ecosystem protection. Available sources of professional literature and secondary research were used in the paper. Through the analysis of practical cases and current applications of the technology, the paper provides a deeper understanding of the benefits and challenges related to the use of drones in tourism.

Robotics in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry

Robotics in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry
(Robotics in the Tourism and Hospitality Industry)

Author(s):Efstathios Marios Papakonstantionou
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:945-954
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Robotics; Automation; Technology; Artificial intelligence
Summary/Abstract:The hospitality sector is service-oriented and geared toward meeting the changing needs, expectations, and standards of visitors, customers, and guests as well as the effects of technology. The technology has become increasingly integrated into the many convenience and support concerns of the customer in recent years, to the exclusion of the service providers. Although the use of technologically based service tools in the industry is not a recent trend, nor is it amusing in its features, the innovative application of these tools in the hospitality sector has the potential to improve service quality while remaining cost-effective. Robots were being used in numerous industries in multiple fortes. But for the average person, the hospitality sector offered a real-world experience and an opportunity to interact with robots. In order to satisfy consumers and enchant them, the hospitality industry asks for recurring activities that are occasionally somewhat different. Robotics, when used properly, has completely changed the industry and its procedures, improving accessibility, convenience, and economic efficiency. Service robotics was made possible by the introduction of technical improvements into the services industry after the industrial revolution. The technique of employing machines to complete a “predetermined or reprogrammable work sequence” is known as automation.

The Role of Rural Tourism in the Economic Development of Small Communities in Albania

The Role of Rural Tourism in the Economic Development of Small Communities in Albania
(The Role of Rural Tourism in the Economic Development of Small Communities in Albania)

Author(s):Enkeleda Lacej, Brilanda Bushati
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:955-962
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Rural tourism; Economic development; Small communities
Summary/Abstract:This study examines the impact of rural tourism on economic development in small Albanian communities, identifying key success factors and challenges. Unlike mass tourism, which often leads to environmental and cultural degradation, rural tourism offers a sustainable alternative that revitalizes local economies while preserving heritage. The research employs a mixed-methods approach, utilizing questionnaires and interviews with stakeholders such as residents and local authorities. Both quantitative and qualitative data will be analysed through descriptive and correlational methods to measure tourism’s effects on income and employment. The findings are expected to demonstrate the significant contributions of rural tourism to job creation and economic growth while highlighting challenges such as infrastructure limitations, marketing deficiencies, and the need for community engagement. The study proposes strategic recommendations, including infrastructure investments, marketing initiatives, and educational programs, to promote sustainable rural tourism and preserve Albania’s cultural identity through collaborative efforts.

Aspects of Social Sustainability in the Management of Cultural Events in the Post-COVID Scenario

Aspects of Social Sustainability in the Management of Cultural Events in the Post-COVID Scenario
(Aspects of Social Sustainability in the Management of Cultural Events in the Post-COVID Scenario)

Author(s):Badia Francesco, Lorusso Rene
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:963-971
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Cultural events; Social impact; Sustainability; Covid-19; Putignano
Summary/Abstract:Cultural events stimulate creative industries, enhance the attractiveness of cities, and promote social cohesion. This is what the authors aim to highlight in this work, which represents the case of a small town in southern Italy: Putignano, "home of Carnival." The event begins on Boxing Day and continues until Mardi Gras, blending the sacred and the profane. The city is famous for its Carnival, and its residents are so proud that they strongly identify with this event. However, the COVID-19 pandemic forced the suspension of the Carnival for two editions (2021, 2022). Through an empirical investigation, including a survey of residents, interviews with stakeholders, and the analysis of reports, this study explores the meaning of "losing" an event so deeply rooted in the territory, even for a limited period. The results provide original insights into the connection between social impacts and the dynamics of social sustainability related to cultural and tourism events.

Modern Technology for Rational Irrigation in Sustainable Agriculture

Modern Technology for Rational Irrigation in Sustainable Agriculture
(Modern Technology for Rational Irrigation in Sustainable Agriculture)

Author(s):Es-safi Nour Eddine, Rachidi Abdelhaq
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:973-984
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Ecosystem; Sustainable Agriculture; Drip irrigation; Digitalization; Nanotechnology; Hydro-retainers; EQCCT
Summary/Abstract:Water has remained, throughout the centuries, the essential element for human life and all living beings. Its availability and quality are crucial for maintaining our standard of living. This precious resource has garnered significant attention from the public, particularly in the agricultural sector, which consumes approximately 80% of Morocco's total water resources. The current challenging situation has prompted the adoption of various agricultural systems aimed at preserving our ecosystem. These include permaculture, resilient agriculture, conservation agriculture, agroecology, agroforestry, organic farming, and sustainable agriculture, which can be seen as an evolution of the former practices. We must take decisive action to rectify this situation, ensuring resilient productivity while prioritizing water conservation, which continues to face a concerning and progressive deficit. The current green revolution is nearly unavoidable; we must embrace it and seek new technologies to protect our environment. Our goal is to secure human health and manage vital water resources, both drinking and irrigation, efficiently and rationally according to specific needs. In this context, a series of integrated technologies is proposed, including Drip irrigation, Digitalization, Nanotechnology, Polyter/Hydro-retainers, and CT-WAS (or EQCCT). Experience has demonstrated that these advanced irrigation techniques can reduce total water usage by 50% to 80%. Furthermore, they enhance water efficiency while improving the quality and productivity of agricultural products. The issue of water should not become a political battleground; it requires an objective and scientific approach. We must highlight the constraints, challenges, and legitimate alternatives to address the crises of water shortage, scarcity, and drought with minimal harm.

The Legal Border Between Green Marketing and Greenwashing

The Legal Border Between Green Marketing and Greenwashing
(The Legal Border Between Green Marketing and Greenwashing)

Author(s):Radka Kopčova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:985-993
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Green marketing; Greenwashing; Green economy; Green entrepreneurship; Environmental claims; Green claims Directive; Unfair competition; German case law; Consumer protection
Summary/Abstract:One of the modern practices of competitors in order to attract environmentally-minded consumers is the use of various forms of environmental claims. These are voluntary claims, especially in advertising, which are part of green marketing. However, sometimes such environmental claims are misleading and constitute the so-called "greenwashing", which is prohibited by law. The author explores the border between green marketing and greenwashing. In this context, the author defines the green economy, green marketing and green advertising as part of business in competition. The author points to the current trend of consumer and environmental protection in the legislative development of EU law and evaluates the Proposal for a Directive on substantiation and communication of explicit environmental claims (Green Claims Directive), also in relation to other related EU directives. The author extensively analyzes German case law and points to the need for transparency and sufficient explanation in advertising, referring to the environment.

Limited Real Rights and Their Influence on the Economy

Limited Real Rights and Their Influence on the Economy
(Limited Real Rights and Their Influence on the Economy)

Author(s):Ivona Encheva, Asen Vodenicharov
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:995-1004
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Limited real rights; Property; Usufruct; Superficies
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the current paper is to address some problems of limited real rights and their influence on the economy. The main focus is put on the appliance of the right to use and the right to construction, however the right to additional construction and superstructure and of the easements in Bulgaria are also considered. Due to the enormous role Property law has in the world nowadays, it appears necessary to examine its’ impact on the society. The definition of ‘property rights’ in economic sense is different than that in legal sense. Therefore, highlighting this difference is of utmost importance in order to reach a proper approach to this topic. Special attention is also paid to the possibilities of exercising the limited property rights and the limitations imposed by the legislation.

Legal Dimensions of Harmonizing National Environmental Policies with International Sustainability Goals

Legal Dimensions of Harmonizing National Environmental Policies with International Sustainability Goals
(Legal Dimensions of Harmonizing National Environmental Policies with International Sustainability Goals)

Author(s):Istvan Hotto
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1005-1014
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:European Union environmental law; environmental law; The Habitats Directive; EU environment policy
Summary/Abstract:It is often said that we have borrowed the Earth from our grandchildren. This idea highlights the responsibility we bear to protect the environment and preserve its beauty and livability for future generations. Concepts like environmental protection, sustainability, and long-term thinking are not abstract ideals but shared duties. This paper seeks to underline their importance and make them accessible to a broader audience. One key aspect in shaping environmental policy at the European level is the fact that national regulations can strongly affect the operation of the internal market. Differences in national rules concerning product features can lead to varying competitive conditions among Member States. As a result, ensuring the free movement of goods often requires EU-level regulation. Over time, the conviction has grown that a harmonised environmental policy is essential for the functioning of the internal market (Hottó, 2024, p. 87).

Figures of Prohibited Agreements

Figures of Prohibited Agreements
(Figures of Prohibited Agreements)

Author(s):Endi Kalemaj, Kejsi Marku
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1015-1021
No. of Pages:8
Summary/Abstract:This paper examines anti-competitive agreements prohibited under Article 101 of the TFEU, which restrict competition in the EU’s internal market. Article 101(1) bans agreements, decisions, and concerted practices that hinder free competition, including price-fixing, market-sharing, and production limitations. This paper distinguishes between agreements and concerted practices, noting that concerted practices involve coordination without explicit consent but still restrict competition. It highlights the negative impact of price-fixing on consumer choice and market fairness. The paper also addresses restrictions on production, markets, and technology, explaining how these limit competition and raise prices. It refers to cases where the European Commission imposed fines on cartels. The paper discusses exemptions, such as resale price maintenance and the De Minimis principle, which excludes agreements with minimal competitive effects. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of strong competition law enforcement to protect consumers and the free market.

Examination of the Effects of EU Regulation 2023/1115 on the Distribution of Deforestation-Linked Goods on Sustainable Forestry and the Operations of Major Forestry Firms in the North-Transdanubia Region of Hungary

Examination of the Effects of EU Regulation 2023/1115 on the Distribution of Deforestation-Linked Goods on Sustainable Forestry and the Operations of Major Forestry Firms in the North-Transdanubia Region of Hungary
(Examination of the Effects of EU Regulation 2023/1115 on the Distribution of Deforestation-Linked Goods on Sustainable Forestry and the Operations of Major Forestry Firms in the North-Transdanubia Region of Hungary)

Author(s):Katalin Diossi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1023-1028
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:EU Regulation 2023/1115; Sustainable forestry; Deforestation; European Union
Summary/Abstract:This study examines the impact of the EU Regulation 2023/1115, aimed at preventing the distribution of goods linked to deforestation and forest destruction, on market dynamics within the North-Transdanubia Region of Hungary. Focusing on the eight state-owned and ten of the largest private forestry firms, the research adopts a mixed-methods approach. At the current phase of the research, qualitative insights are drawn from semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders. This research contributes to understanding the regulatory landscape for environmental sustainability and its implications in the forestry industry of Hungary.

Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Risks in Business

Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Risks in Business
(Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Risks in Business)

Author(s):Diana Danisor
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1029-1037
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Artificial intelligence; Criminal risks; Legislation; Liability; Fraud
Summary/Abstract:Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the business environment through efficiency and automation, yet it also brings criminal risks, such as fraud and money laundering. This article analyses legislative challenges and criminal liability in cases where AI facilitates illegal activities, highlighting gaps in current legislation. International regulations, such as those of the European Union, attempt to address these issues but do not provide complete solutions. Criminal liability remains complex, involving programmers, operators, and companies, and the use of AI necessitates rigorous security measures to prevent abuses.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Resolution of Administrative Disputes

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Resolution of Administrative Disputes
(The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Resolution of Administrative Disputes)

Author(s):Sonia Bianca Blaj
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1039-1045
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Artificial intelligence; Administrative disputes; Fair trial; Procedural requirements
Summary/Abstract:Long debated in terms of the challenges and the opportunities it offers, artificial intelligence is also of major relevance in the judicial system. The purpose of this study is to analyze how digital applications influence the current conduct of administrative disputes, as well as the premises for their evolution, considering the fundamental principles, procedural requirements, and ensuring transparency and trust in the court (including from the point of view of the right to a fair trial). Determining a transgression from the traditional sphere, the use of artificial intelligence in the resolution of administrative disputes brings substantial changes in terms of reducing the duration of the procedure (by reference to the reasonable term, which is a standard also recognized at European level), eliminating possible human errors both in the preliminary procedure (from the perspective of a possible lack of objectivism from the public authorities when they are seized with the revocation of administrative acts) and in the actual trial phase, through the automatic filtering of submitted claims and the prediction of solutions based on the relevant jurisprudence (it may even transform the concept of "administrative court"). All these "reconfigurations" of the judicial procedure must be carried out with a sense of responsibility to ensure a balance between innovation and the interests of litigants.

The Legal Protection of the Consumer Granted by the National Legislation of Romania and the Jurisprudence on Abusive Clauses in Consumer Contracts in the Light of the Case Law of the CJEU

The Legal Protection of the Consumer Granted by the National Legislation of Romania and the Jurisprudence on Abusive Clauses in Consumer Contracts in the Light of the Case Law of the CJEU
(The Legal Protection of the Consumer Granted by the National Legislation of Romania and the Jurisprudence on Abusive Clauses in Consumer Contracts in the Light of the Case Law of the CJEU)

Author(s):Lacrima Bianca Luntraru
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1047-1052
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Consumer contracts; Unfair terms; Directive 93/13/CEE
Summary/Abstract:The evolution of the law regarding the abusive clauses in contracts concluded between consumers and professionals is increasingly in the focus of the legal doctrine and legal practitioners in Romania, as it contributes significantly to the development of a new contractual justice, respectively to the modification of the function of fairness in consumer contracts. The paper intends to present the situation of consumers under the protection granted by the national legislation in Romania – Law 193/2000 on abusive clauses in contracts concluded between professionals and consumers, the implementing law of Directive 93/13/CEE on unfair contract terms under the impact of the case law of the CJEU. The current realities of the debated situation have inevitably led to the improvement of the consumer protection mechanism, constantly following the solid principles established by the Court of Justice of the European Union in the framework of the preliminary judgments issued on the Directive.

The Role of Compliance in Preventing Corporate Criminal Liability in Albania

The Role of Compliance in Preventing Corporate Criminal Liability in Albania
(The Role of Compliance in Preventing Corporate Criminal Liability in Albania)

Author(s):Xhei Celiku, Elena Filip
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1053-1060
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Corporate criminal liability; Compliance policies; Prevention tools
Summary/Abstract:Recent years have seen digital transformation and market globalization significantly impact the nature of crime, leading to a rise in economic crime and increased involvement of legal entities in these activities. To address and reduce these forms of misconduct, many organizations are investing resources in developing risk management strategies and implementing strong compliance programs, which act as safeguards against corporate criminal liability. Currently, criminal compliance is gaining increasing importance in corporate governance policies, serving as an internal prevention tool to avoid involvement in crimes, financial sanctions, or other unlawful situations that could damage the company’s reputation and destabilize its market position. In Albania, a thorough legal framework exists to deter and penalize criminal conduct among corporations. In conjunction with governmental initiatives and regulations, Albanian enterprises, motivated by international corporate governance practices, are increasingly emphasizing the establishment of compliance programs to mitigate the risk of potential corporate criminal liability.

Private and Family Life vs. Albanian Judicial Vetting Reform: The Proportionality Analysis Through European Court of Human Rights Jurisprudence

Private and Family Life vs. Albanian Judicial Vetting Reform: The Proportionality Analysis Through European Court of Human Rights Jurisprudence
(Private and Family Life vs. Albanian Judicial Vetting Reform: The Proportionality Analysis Through European Court of Human Rights Jurisprudence)

Author(s):Iva Terova (Pendavinji), Nadia Rusi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1061-1068
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Vetting process; ECtHR; Right to private and family life; Proportionality principle; Judges; Prosecutors
Summary/Abstract:Since 2016, Albania has undertaken extensive judicial reforms to enhance judicial integrity and combat corruption, involving constitutional amendments and the introduction of several new laws. A central component of these reforms is the “vetting process” designed to reassess all sitting judges and prosecutors according to three primary criteria: assets assessment, background assessment, and professional competence. The established vetting bodies, consisting of the Independent Qualification Commission (IQC) at the first instance and the Special Appeal Chamber (SAC) for appeals, are required to issue a reasoned decision after each re-evaluation phase, either confirming the individual’s position or suspending or dismissing them from office. Albeit the reform’s purpose of strengthening judicial independence is legitimate, it raises significant concerns regarding its impact on private and family life, particularly in cases where dismissals or suspensions occur due to the failure to justify assets. This paper investigates the application of the proportionality test in balancing Albania’s judicial vetting process with the right to private and family life, enshrined in Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), examining the tension between the legitimate aim of judicial accountability and the protection of fundamental rights, with particular attention to recent ECtHR jurisprudence on asset assessments and fair proceedings. The paper provides a broader reflection on how ECtHR case law can serve as a safeguard against the consequences of judicial reforms that might unduly disrupt private and family life, underlining the need to adhere to the proportionality principle. In conclusion, the paper asserts that the ECtHR’s proportionality doctrine is a fundamental mechanism for ensuring that Albania’s judicial vetting process respects and carefully balances the public interest and the potential violation of private and family life.

The Importance of Court Settlement in the Macedonian Civil Procedure with Special Reference to Commercial Disputes

The Importance of Court Settlement in the Macedonian Civil Procedure with Special Reference to Commercial Disputes
(The Importance of Court Settlement in the Macedonian Civil Procedure with Special Reference to Commercial Disputes)

Author(s):Elizabeta Spiroska, Natasha Najdenova Levikj
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1069-1076
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Court settlement; Litigation; Commercial disputes; North Macedonia
Summary/Abstract:Litigations in the Republic of North Macedonia are time-consuming and could last for years. Court settlement as a dispute resolution method could improve the efficiency of dispute resolution in the Republic of North Macedonia. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the importance of court settlement in the Macedonian legal system. This paper consists of an introduction, two parts and a conclusion. The introduction describes the basic issues related to court settlement as a dispute resolution method. The first part analyzes the main characteristics of the litigation in the Macedonian legal system. The second part analyzes the situation with the court settlement in the Republic of North Macedonia. The conclusion summarizes the main findings, observes how they relate to the research question and gives recommendations.

Acts of Expropriation in Albania, the Deadline for Filing a Lawsuit in Court, and Dilemmas That Have Been Noticed in Albanian Judicial Jurisprudence

Acts of Expropriation in Albania, the Deadline for Filing a Lawsuit in Court, and Dilemmas That Have Been Noticed in Albanian Judicial Jurisprudence
(Acts of Expropriation in Albania, the Deadline for Filing a Lawsuit in Court, and Dilemmas That Have Been Noticed in Albanian Judicial Jurisprudence)

Author(s):Etien Isak, Elidjana Bregu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1077-1083
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Expropriation; Property right; Expropriation remuneration; The right to a fair process; Access to the court
Summary/Abstract:Expropriation is an extraordinary manner of limiting ownership, based on which the ownership of properties passes from private to public ownership, so using this limitation of ownership, the owner is completely deprived of ownership of his property. For this reason, expropriation is provided directly in Article 41 of the Constitution of the Republic of Albania. This article guarantees every natural/legal person the right to fair remuneration and the right to contest the value of such remuneration in court. According to Albanian law, the Council of Ministers issue the expropriation act, while the affected subjects have the right to file a lawsuit in the competent Administrative Court. Such an act of expropriation can be challenged judicially only in terms of the remuneration the Council of Ministers granted. Regarding the exercise of the constitutional right of judicial appeal toward the value of the expropriation determined through the relevant act of expropriation, there have been different interpretations in Albanian judicial practice. These interpretations differ about when the owners are notified of the final act of expropriation, which determines the value of fair remuneration. The interpretation regarding the moment of the beginning of the term to file a lawsuit against the value of the remuneration appears to be very important for guaranteeing the right of access to the court, considering that this right is guaranteed by Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights. The different interpretations of the courts on the access of the plaintiffs to oppose the value of remunerations of the expropriation created many problems with the conventional right of access to the courts until the Administrative Panel of the High Court of Law unified a fair interpretation following the conventional right for access to the court.

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LIMEN 2024 / 10 – Leadership, Innovation, Management and Economics: Integrated Politics of Research - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

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