Figures of Prohibited Agreements
Figures of Prohibited Agreements

Author(s): Endi Kalemaj, Kejsi Marku
Subject(s): Social Sciences
Published by: Udruženje ekonomista i menadžera Balkana
Summary/Abstract: This paper examines anti-competitive agreements prohibited under Article 101 of the TFEU, which restrict competition in the EU’s internal market. Article 101(1) bans agreements, decisions, and concerted practices that hinder free competition, including price-fixing, market-sharing, and production limitations. This paper distinguishes between agreements and concerted practices, noting that concerted practices involve coordination without explicit consent but still restrict competition. It highlights the negative impact of price-fixing on consumer choice and market fairness. The paper also addresses restrictions on production, markets, and technology, explaining how these limit competition and raise prices. It refers to cases where the European Commission imposed fines on cartels. The paper discusses exemptions, such as resale price maintenance and the De Minimis principle, which excludes agreements with minimal competitive effects. It concludes by emphasizing the importance of strong competition law enforcement to protect consumers and the free market.

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