ITEMA 2024 / 8 – Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Nonlinear Analysis for Automation Purposes in Computer Networks

Nonlinear Analysis for Automation Purposes in Computer Networks
(Nonlinear Analysis for Automation Purposes in Computer Networks)

Author(s):Milan Milivojević, Milan Pavlović, Marija Zajeganović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:1-9
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Automation; Computer networks; Fractal analysis; Nonlinear statistical analysis; Python; Round-trip time
Summary/Abstract:Automated network management processes have become more common in recent years. The main goal of automation is to efficiently configure a computer network. This is especially true when software and hardware problems require a rapid response. In this context, selecting appropriate features to serve as inputs for machine learning algorithms is important. It is important to choose the most appropriate features that can help in the event of a network disruption, such as a component failure that requires network equipment to be reconfigured or emerging security threats. One of the key metrics that provides insight into the state of a computer network is round-trip time (RTT). The sequence of RTT data serves as a fundamental basis for extracting relevant features. While linear analysis provides basic features, the complex nature of these processes requires more advanced analytical methods. Nonlinear time series analysis naturally becomes necessary. Features extracted using these methods provide a much more accurate assessment of the network’s state. This paper presents the application of fractal analysis for feature extraction to assess network conditions and automate network configuration processes. Fractal analysis, a well-established nonlinear method, is widely recognized in the literature. This paper explores the potential of applying fractal analysis to time series containing RTT data. Simulations were performed using the GNS3 network simulator and the Python programming language.

The Importance of Security Protocols in Wireless Computer Networks

The Importance of Security Protocols in Wireless Computer Networks
(The Importance of Security Protocols in Wireless Computer Networks)

Author(s):Milan Pavlović, Marija Zajeganović, Milan Milivojević
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:11-20
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Wireless computer networks; Security protocols; Network attacks
Summary/Abstract:Wireless networks have become an essential part of modern digital infrastructure, playing a key role in contemporary computer networks. Their primary purpose is to enable communication and access to information resources without relying on physical connections. The convenience and adaptability offered by wireless technologies have significantly increased their use across various settings, from households to large-scale enterprises. However, as their usage grows, so do the associated security risks. Wireless networks are particularly vulnerable to attacks such as malware infiltration and unauthorized access to sensitive information. Consequently, securing these networks has become a vital aspect of network management. This paper explores the significance of security protocols designed to safeguard wireless networks. After analyzing several security protocols, special attention will be given to WPA3 (Wi-Fi Protected Access 3) protocol, highlighting its advancements over earlier versions, such as WPA2. Additionally, the authors will analyze common threats targeting wireless networks and explain their protection.

Managing Cloud Securit

Managing Cloud Securit
(Managing Cloud Securit)

Author(s):Marija Zajeganović, Milan Pavlović, Milan Milivojević
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:21-28
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Security; Cloud; Infrastructure; Managing; Risk
Summary/Abstract:Cloud computing has become the technology of choice for companies seeking the agility and flexibility necessary to accelerate innovation and meet the expectations of today’s modern consumers. However, migrating to more dynamic cloud environments requires new security approaches to ensure that data remains protected across online infrastructures, applications, and platforms. Cloud security encompasses the cybersecurity policies, best practices, controls, and technologies designed to safeguard applications, data, and infrastructure in these environments. Its primary goals are to protect storage and networks from internal and external threats, manage access and data, ensure compliance, and facilitate disaster recovery. This includes implementing security policies, practices, controls, and technologies such as identity and access management and data loss prevention tools to defend against unauthorized access, online attacks, and insider threats. This paper aims to highlight the challenges of cloud security management to guide security professionals in adopting a cloud-based approach that enhances security without increasing risk.

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Phases of Food Quality and Food Safety of Supply Chain

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Phases of Food Quality and Food Safety of Supply Chain
(The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Phases of Food Quality and Food Safety of Supply Chain)

Author(s):Delia Rosu, Mariana Fratu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:29-34
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Artificial intelligence; Food supply chain; Food quality; Food safety
Summary/Abstract:Artificial intelligence (AI) is based on the development of algorithms and calculation models with which computing systems can process and analyze large amounts of data, make predictions and make decisions based on these analyses. AI has also proven useful in the food processing sector. This paper provides a review of an emerging field in the food processing sector, referring to quality and safe food supply chains, controlled by AI to avoid human error. It has the potential to revolutionize the food sector in several ways, including increasing food quality and food safety. The field is of great significance from economic, food safety and public health points of view. The application of artificial intelligence is hindered by social and economic barriers. These barriers can be overcome by disseminating good practices among the participants of the food supply chain. By using the AI-based system, food production and online delivery processes can be efficiently handled.

Differences Between Generations X, Y, Z Regarding Life Satisfaction and the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Slovenia

Differences Between Generations X, Y, Z Regarding Life Satisfaction and the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Slovenia
(Differences Between Generations X, Y, Z Regarding Life Satisfaction and the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Slovenia)

Author(s):Anton Vorina, Svit Vorina, Tina Vorina, Vid Vorina
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:35-42
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Generation X; Y and Z; Life satisfaction; Artificial Intelligence (AI); Slovenia
Summary/Abstract:This study presents novel findings on the utilization of artificial intelligence among Generations X, Y, and Z in Slovenia. Through a survey of 722 individuals, we explored differences in AI usage and life satisfaction across these generations. Our focus was on three prominent AI models: ChatGPT, Gemini, and Bing. The primary hypotheses were: H1: There is a statistically significant difference in Summary Satisfaction with Life (SumSWL) among different generations and H2: There is a statistically significant difference in the use of AI language models (GPT, Gemini, and Bing) among different generations. Our findings confirm a clear generational divide in AI adoption. Younger generations, particularly Generation Z, demonstrate a higher propensity for using AI tools compared to older generations. Among the analyzed AI models, ChatGPT emerged as the most popular, especially among younger demographics. However, there are no significant differences in Summary Satisfaction with Life (SumSWL) between any of the generational pairs.

A Smart City From an Economic Perspective Through the Lens of Bibliometrics

A Smart City From an Economic Perspective Through the Lens of Bibliometrics
(A Smart City From an Economic Perspective Through the Lens of Bibliometrics)

Author(s):Jelena Jardas Antonić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:43-51
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Smart city; Bibliometrics; Economic perspective; Sustainability
Summary/Abstract:New technologies are changing the way individuals live, but they are also impacting the way entire cities function as they strive to implement these technologies to improve the quality of life for their citizens and businesses, but also to improve their own business, governance and transportation to make them a more desirable place to live. A smart city goes beyond the benefits offered by the use of digital technologies by making better use of available resources with less emissions, providing safer urban areas, providing more interactive and responsive city governance and monitoring the needs of vulnerable groups. As the new era and the use of new technologies inevitably face many challenges and new problems, this implies that the topic of smart cities is becoming an attractive area for research in various fields. The aim of this paper is therefore to present a bibliographic review of papers dealing with the topic of smart cities from the field of economics, using the Web of Science Core Collection database. The paper will show the clustering of the field in terms of keywords, authors, countries and journals. The bibliometric analysis will highlight areas that have not yet been sufficiently explored.

National Tourism Policies and Sustainability: A Comparative Study of EU Countries

National Tourism Policies and Sustainability: A Comparative Study of EU Countries
(National Tourism Policies and Sustainability: A Comparative Study of EU Countries)

Author(s):Ana Sofia Duque, Maria Lucia Pato
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:53-60
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Sustainability; Tourism planning; National plans; Tourism strategy; EU countries
Summary/Abstract:The main goal of this study is to analyze the national tourism plans of the 27 EU countries, and understand the significance attributed to the theme of sustainability in these strategic documents. This work was based on a methodology of document analysis. Based on the list of the 27 member states of the EU, research was carried out on the existence of national tourism plans that are currently in force. A content analysis was performed. The research resulted in the identification of 25 national strategic plans that were carefully analyzed. Of the documents analyzed, the theme of sustainability is very common and is included in most of the strategic visions defined. The main limitation of the study is related to the methodology used. Researching and interpreting the strategic documents was also challenging, as many of the strategic plans were only available in the country’s national language, with no English versions. Based on the analysis carried out, it is possible to reflect on the commitment that each member state has made in relation to the development of tourism in its territory: whether sustainability is a fundamental premise, or if it is not a major concern.

Sustainable Project Management in Tourism Using Green Funds in Serbia

Sustainable Project Management in Tourism Using Green Funds in Serbia
(Sustainable Project Management in Tourism Using Green Funds in Serbia)

Author(s):Snežana Štetić, Danka Milojković, Igor Trišić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:61-69
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Project management; Sustainable tourism; green funds
Summary/Abstract:The research analyzes the synergy between project management and green financial instruments for sustainable tourism development in Serbia. It examines the possibilities of financing sustainable tourism projects through green funds and analysis good practices in managing environmentally sustainable projects. The research is based on the collection of secondary data and uses analytical-synthetic, hypothetical deductive, and comparative methods. The research results show the potential of green funds in the projects of tourism in the field of climate change mitigation and adaptation, sustainability cross-sectors of agriculture, forestry, and tourism, decarbonization and circular economy, pollution reduction and biodiversity conservation, sustainable rural development, green tourism initiatives, energy-efficient infrastructure and sustainable mobility, energy efficiency and emission reduction. A lack of experts and complex procedures for accessing funds are the main observed obstacles. The authors recommend project management education and simplification of procedures for accessing green funds while encouraging public-private partnerships for long-term sustainability.

Assessment of National Statistical System and Tourism Evidence in Serbia

Assessment of National Statistical System and Tourism Evidence in Serbia
(Assessment of National Statistical System and Tourism Evidence in Serbia)

Author(s):Aleksandra Bradić-Martinović, Vladimir Šutić, Jelena Banović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:71-79
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Tourism; National statistics; National statistical system; Serbia; UNWTO recommendations; EU recommendations
Summary/Abstract:The development and accuracy of national tourism statistics are crucial for effective policy-making and sustainable growth in the tourism sector. The paper assesses Serbia’s current national statistical tourism system, focusing on its alignment with international standards and the need for further enhancements. Despite progress in data collection for accommodation statistics and tourism participation, challenges persist in integrating comprehensive demand-side data and fully establishing Tourism Satellite Account. The study underscores the importance of improving data accuracy, reliability, and international data dissemination to strengthen Serbia’s tourism statistics, ultimately supporting more effective policy-making, strategic planning, and long-term competitiveness in the global tourism market.

Does Islamic Financing Matter for Halal Tourism?

Does Islamic Financing Matter for Halal Tourism?
(Does Islamic Financing Matter for Halal Tourism?)

Author(s):Sevgi Osman
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:81-90
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Halal; Tourism; Islamic finance
Summary/Abstract:The halal travel industry is growing thanks to solvent Muslims, who want to travel and explore the world without violating Islamic principles. Given the wealth of the Arabic world, this demand could prove to be a profitable market if they are actually compliant with Sharia principles. On the other hand, as also Islamic finance continues to grow and new players enter the market, the opportunities for innovation and collaboration in the Muslim-friendly travel space are limitless. With a shared commitment to inclusivity and ethical practices, these industries are well-positioned to drive growth and create lasting economic impact in the years to come. Businesses in the tourism sector have to explore the synergies between these industries and consider how Islamic finance can help them grow and innovate. The intersection of Islamic finance and Muslim-friendly travel presents a unique opportunity for growth, innovation, and inclusivity and can create an ecosystem that benefits travelers, businesses, and communities alike

Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism Enterprises in Relation to Tourist Spending

Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism Enterprises in Relation to Tourist Spending
(Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism Enterprises in Relation to Tourist Spending)

Author(s):Elena Petkova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:91-101
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Tourism enterprise; Tourism expenditure; Marketing; Bulgaria
Summary/Abstract:The focus of the study is on tourism expenditure. The distribution and spending of funds by tourists are studied with a view to making appropriate decisions in general and financial management, and especially in the marketing management of tourism enterprises, more specifically in segmenting the market and choosing suitable target segments of tourists, developing relevant products and pricing strategies and selection of proper communication and sales channels. The article presents some models and trends of variation in the amount of funds spent by tourists, both from some world markets in general and in Bulgaria in particular in recent years. Some reasons for these changes are given, and challenges and opportunities facing tourism business managers are outlined. The level of tourism expenditure changes over time and depends on the nationality of the tourists, the type of tourist trip, and the tourist services used. The results of the current research reveal a significant drop in tourism spending due to the crisis in 2020 and rapid growth in the following years. Managers of tourism enterprises should consider these trends, especially when choosing tourist target markets, to realize positive financial results for the tourism enterprise.

Improving Tourism Development Through Planned Employee Training

Improving Tourism Development Through Planned Employee Training
(Improving Tourism Development Through Planned Employee Training)

Author(s):Ana-Maria Bolborici, Rodica Mariana Niculescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:103-111
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Management; Tourism; Human resources; Training programs; Curriculum; Competencies; Competence profile
Summary/Abstract:The paper represents a problem statement and an invitation to start a research project presented as a draft and is focused on ways to increase the effectiveness of the educational process for training human resources in tourism. Stimulating tourism is now key to achieving effective economic development internationally, nationally, and locally. The authors propose an invitation to research focused on developing human resources in tourist host areas. Well-trained staff are key to maximizing tourist program efficiency. The research project will develop a training program intended for undergraduate and graduate levels, as initial training, and for continuing adults’ training. The graduates of the proposed training programs should show the covering of the needs of an effective tourism activity in each of the areas involved, being trained according to the local specificity. They have to show achieving those main competencies which help to work on a wider touristic area, after only short continuing training sessions.

Public Relations as a Function of Creating the Identity of a Tourist Destination

Public Relations as a Function of Creating the Identity of a Tourist Destination
(Public Relations as a Function of Creating the Identity of a Tourist Destination)

Author(s):Nina Kepeska, Lidija Simonceska
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:113-119
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Public relations; Tourist destination; Ohrid; North Macedonia; Sustainable tourism
Summary/Abstract:This paper is in the context of identity creation as a key factor for tourist destination attractiveness. The theoretical research is supported by empirical research, that includes many respondents on several aspects of the current situation of Ohrid, thus determining just how much this most important tourist destination in North Macedonia is recognizable and attractive on the global market. Through constructive criticism and friendly advice, upon determining the strengths and weaknesses, recommendations for future actions will be given, i.e. where and in what manner should the tourist entities and related fields be motivated to implement modern PR solutions. The ultimate goal is building a globally better image, reputation and branding of Ohrid, which will result in creating a more quality, segmented tourist offer that will be well placed, easily accessible and valorised on the market and will have multiple positive effects on the destination, the tourist and community entities, with long-term sustainability.

The Presentation Role in the Study’s Selection: Tourism and Environmental Protection (University of Sarajevo)

The Presentation Role in the Study’s Selection: Tourism and Environmental Protection (University of Sarajevo)
(The Presentation Role in the Study’s Selection: Tourism and Environmental Protection (University of Sarajevo))

Author(s):Lejla Žunić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:121-129
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Study; Presentation; Promotion; Role; Impact; Tourism; Environmental protection
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the paper is to investigate the presentation role in study selection. Presentation and promotion of studies are major issues that academic institutions focus on in order to attract students. The study included students from the University of Sarajevo’s I, II, and III cycles of tourism and environmental protection. Three kinds of reference criteria and indicators were selected: attractive presentation features, promotion approach, and presentation influence on decision. The study’s findings revealed that the faculty’s official website and recommendations are the most influential marketing tools, that the presentation of the study influences choice and decision-making, and that the study’s conception, the modernity of the educational infrastructure, field teaching, as well as the geographical aspect of tourism and environmental protection, are particularly appealing factors.

Geospatial Analysis of Airbnb Data: Understanding Distribution Patterns, User Satisfaction, and Economic Impacts in Major Global Cities

Geospatial Analysis of Airbnb Data: Understanding Distribution Patterns, User Satisfaction, and Economic Impacts in Major Global Cities
(Geospatial Analysis of Airbnb Data: Understanding Distribution Patterns, User Satisfaction, and Economic Impacts in Major Global Cities)

Author(s):Eriksena Dinaj, Egla Mansi, Nerajda Feruni
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:131-138
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Airbnb; Geospatial analysis; User satisfaction; Economic impact; Urban planning; Sustainable growth
Summary/Abstract:This study considers the geospatial dynamics of Airbnb listings across nine major cities globally, considering the impact of location, amenities, and host status on user satisfaction and economic outcomes. Using a mixed-method approach that combines mostly quantitative geospatial analysis with qualitative insights, this study reveals the distribution patterns of Airbnb listings, factors that affect user satisfaction, and the economic implications of short-term rentals. Results from this study clearly show the importance of amenities and host interaction in enhancing the experience and bringing out clustering of listings around central urban areas, while it also shows the varying impact of Airbnb on local economies and housing markets. The current research fills this gap by providing a comprehensive geospatial view for hosts, urban planners, and policymakers making efforts for the sustainable growth of short-term rentals.

Journey in the Heart of the Vineyards in the Sunniest Land of Romania, Dealu Mare

Journey in the Heart of the Vineyards in the Sunniest Land of Romania, Dealu Mare
(Journey in the Heart of the Vineyards in the Sunniest Land of Romania, Dealu Mare)

Author(s):Camelia Slave, Carmen Mihaela Man
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:139-145
No. of Pages:8
Summary/Abstract:The Dealul Mare wine-growing area is one of the most valuable wine-growing areas in Romania. On a surface area of approximately 15,000 hectares, there are numerous wineries and vineyards. This is due to the geographical location offering favorable conditions for the development of vines (positioning at 45 degrees northern latitude). The conditions are similar to the regions of Bordeaux (France) or Tuscany (Italy), famous for their wines. The area enjoys many sunny days compared to the rest of the country. This adds to the taste and aromas of the grapes. The Dealu Mare vineyard is known for its red wines. The best known is Feteasca Neagra, also called the “ambassador of Romanian wines”. Cabernet Sauvignon or Pinot Noir, as well as white wines: Feteasca Alba, Muscat Ottonel, or Chardonnay, take pride of place.

Exploring the Growth and Challenges of Agritourism in Sibiu County, Romania

Exploring the Growth and Challenges of Agritourism in Sibiu County, Romania
(Exploring the Growth and Challenges of Agritourism in Sibiu County, Romania)

Author(s):Valentin Mihai Leoveanu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:147-153
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Agritourism; Sustainable rural development; Cultural heritage; Economic diversification
Summary/Abstract:Agritourism has become a significant component of Romania’s tourism sector, contributing to rural development, cultural preservation, and economic diversification. This research paper focuses on developing agritourism in Sibiu County, a region with rich cultural heritage and picturesque landscapes. The paper analyzes agritourism’s current state and potential growth in Sibiu County, identifying key factors that influence its success. Statistical data from the Romanian National Institute of Statistics were analyzed to identify trends and patterns in agritourism in Sibiu County, providing insights into the challenges and opportunities within the agritourism sector. The results highlight the significant role of agritourism in promoting sustainable rural development in Sibiu County and underline that targeted policies and investments are essential to support the growth of agritourism, ensuring its long-term viability and positive impact on the community.

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Tourism, with Particular Attention to Deepfake

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Tourism, with Particular Attention to Deepfake
(The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Tourism, with Particular Attention to Deepfake)

Author(s):Csongor Herke, Dávid Tóth
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:155-163
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Artificial intelligence; Deepfake; Fake tourism promotions
Summary/Abstract:Modern technology is having a significant impact on tourism. This is particularly true for tourism companies, as nowadays, almost everything from transport to hotels to program management is done digitally. Concurrently, the role of traditional travel agencies is diminishing. This trend has many positive effects, but its potential dangers should not be overlooked. While the development of technology has made services available from anywhere in the world, and it is easy to compare prices and the quality of services, it is also essential to avoid over-reliance on online content. While the importance of online consumer reviews is growing, consumers can be easily misled by false positive reviews. Moreover, the explosion in these fake reviews can, in many cases, be attributed to the use of artificial intelligence. The use of deepfake videos and images to generate interest is rising. Some deepfake methods are morphing (identifying patterns between two photos and dynamically transforming one image into another), and others are warping (digitally altering the shape of a part of the image for creative purposes). However, artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques also play a significant role. As a result, there is a loss of trust in media content published online. Deepfake technology also raises significant privacy concerns. Deepfake can, therefore, play a dual role. Besides the dangers outlined here, it should not be forgotten that it allows for much more information than before. Deepfake can be used to make tourism programs more visually attractive, and there are many untapped areas for virtual reality in addition to its existing uses (e.g., 3D presentations of hotels, virtualization, and interactivity of museums). Following a general introduction to deepfake technology, this paper will describe its application in tourism, highlighting the benefits and potential threats.

Smart Technologies Shaping the Future of the Hotel Industry in Developing Countries: A Post-Covid Review

Smart Technologies Shaping the Future of the Hotel Industry in Developing Countries: A Post-Covid Review
(Smart Technologies Shaping the Future of the Hotel Industry in Developing Countries: A Post-Covid Review)

Author(s):Majlinda Godolja, Kozeta Sevrani, Denisa Millo
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:165-172
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Hotel industry; Smart technology; Artificial Intelligence (AI); Developing countries; Technology adoption; Digital transformation; Data privacy; Economic constraints
Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to identify the optimal smart technologies and AI-driven solutions for the hotel industry, with a particular emphasis on their contribution to the broader digital transformation of business operations. The research examines the state of the art as of September 2024 using a mixed-methods approach, combining a systematic review and design thinking. The review spans studies from 2020 to 2024, characterized by rapid advancements in AI and smart technology, partly driven by the post-Covid digital transformation. The findings are related to a growing global demand for AI-powered smart technology solutions in the hotel industry, motivated by different reasons such as operational efficiency, customer experiences, and streamlined management processes. The adoption of these technologies in developing countries is affected by some specific economic, cultural, and regulatory factors and remains aligned with global digitalization trends. The study brings attention to continuing important concerns, such as data privacy and security, financial constraints, and cultural factors that affect technology acceptance and integration. These insights provide a foundation for examining the potential of integrating smart technologies within Albania’s hotel industry landscape.

The Evaluation of Circular Economy in the Slovak Republic Based on Selected Indicators

The Evaluation of Circular Economy in the Slovak Republic Based on Selected Indicators
(The Evaluation of Circular Economy in the Slovak Republic Based on Selected Indicators)

Author(s):Vojtech Kollar, Silvia Matušova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:173-181
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Evaluation; Circular economy; Indicators; Linear economy; Slovak Republic
Summary/Abstract:At present, we are increasingly aware of the need to move towards a sustainable and ecologically friendly economy. An innovative approach to a sustainable and ecological economy that is gaining in importance is the concept of circular economy. The circular economy is a systemic approach to economic development and a paradigm shift from the traditional concept of the linear economy model “extraction - production - consumption - disposal - depletion”. The circular economy is characterized by zero waste through resource conservation, as a changed concept of production processes design, production process and selected materials for a higher life cycle and preservation of all kinds of resources, material and/or energy recovery during all processes and at the end of the life cycle. The products could be used as an input material in a new production process in a value chain with a closed cycle of materials that improves efficiency resources, and resource productivity, benefits businesses and society, creates job opportunities and ensures environmental sustainability.

The Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Country Indebtedness

The Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Country Indebtedness
(The Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Country Indebtedness)

Author(s):Andrea Hrubšova, Sara Smolkova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:183-191
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Belt and Road Initiative; Gross government debt; Public debt; Economic stability; Panel data analysis; Fixed effects model
Summary/Abstract:This research investigates the impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on public debt levels in participating countries. Using a panel dataset covering 173 countries across various income groups and regions, we apply quantitative analysis to assess whether BRI involvement is associated with increased sovereign indebtedness. The study incorporates macroeconomic and institutional variables to capture both structural and policy-related dynamics. Our findings suggest nuanced relationships between BRI participation and debt outcomes, highlighting the importance of governance quality, economic structure, and financing terms. The results contribute to the literature on debt sustainability in the context of global infrastructure initiatives and offer evidence-based insights for policymakers considering external development financing.

How Does Foreign Direct Investment Influence Albania’s Economic Growth?

How Does Foreign Direct Investment Influence Albania’s Economic Growth?
(How Does Foreign Direct Investment Influence Albania’s Economic Growth?)

Author(s):Kladiola Gjini
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:193-201
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Albania; FDI; Economic growth; VAR Model
Summary/Abstract:In this study, we investigate the dynamic relationship between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and economic growth in Albania using a Vector Autoregression (VAR) framework and Granger-causality analysis. Covering annual data from 1992 to 2022, the findings reveal a bidirectional link between FDI and GDP growth, suggesting that economic expansion not only attracts foreign investment but is also reinforced by it. The results highlight the importance of sustained economic growth in fostering FDI inflows, offering critical insights for policymakers seeking to enhance Albania’s investment climate. Additionally, this research enriches the broader discourse on FDI-growth dynamics, providing relevant implications for emerging economies with similar structural characteristics.

Empirical Approaches Regarding the Financial Performance of the US Companies

Empirical Approaches Regarding the Financial Performance of the US Companies
(Empirical Approaches Regarding the Financial Performance of the US Companies)

Author(s):Alexandra Ioana Vintila
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:203-210
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Financial performance; Corporate governance; Non-financial companies; Panel data; Multiple regression
Summary/Abstract:The aim of the paper is to determine the factors which have a significant impact on the financial performance of US companies. Using a database consisting of the non-financial companies included in the S&P 500 Index, over the period 2004-2023, there are estimated multiple linear regression models with unbalanced panel data, incorporating fixed effects and random effects. The main results indicate that the global financial crisis led to a decline in the US companies’ performance, contrary to the Covid-19 pandemic crisis which conducted to an increase in the performance of the US companies. Moreover, the S&P 500 companies could achieve higher financial performance by increasing the number of members on the board, the percentage of women members on the board, and the company net debt, and lowering the level of company taxation.

Financing SMEs Through Guarantee Instruments During and After the COVID Crisis, Following the Example of the Republic of Bulgaria

Financing SMEs Through Guarantee Instruments During and After the COVID Crisis, Following the Example of the Republic of Bulgaria
(Financing SMEs Through Guarantee Instruments During and After the COVID Crisis, Following the Example of the Republic of Bulgaria)

Author(s):Katerina Vojcheska-Nikodinoska
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:211-218
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Credit guarantees; SME finance; Mutual guarantee schemes; Financial instruments
Summary/Abstract:The paper presents an evaluation of the measures to support SMEs as well as the characteristics of the standard guarantee instruments and those that are modified and specially created in connection with overcoming the Pandemic COVID - 19 with derived theory and obtained empirical results. In order to prevent a large part of the real economy from becoming insolvent, most European countries have taken measures to support companies to help their immediate liquidity needs. The measures included: temporary deferment or remission of taxes; moratorium and restructuring of loans with postponement of repayments or extension of terms; guarantees to facilitate obtaining new loans on favourable terms; covering part of the salaries and other operating expenses; direct aid for businesses with imposed restrictions, etc. The measures and guarantee instruments showed different effectiveness, with the greatest positive effect on liquidity being those supporting employment and current expenses, followed by the measures related to debt service and use of new loans, and the least impact showing postponements of taxes.

Optimizing B2B Industrial Pricing: An AI-Powered Dynamic Approach

Optimizing B2B Industrial Pricing: An AI-Powered Dynamic Approach
(Optimizing B2B Industrial Pricing: An AI-Powered Dynamic Approach)

Author(s):Bilyana Ivanova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:219-228
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:B2B Industrial Pricing; Dynamic Pricing; Artificial Intelligence.
Summary/Abstract:The paper investigates the application of AI-powered dynamic pricing strategies to optimize pricing models for B2B industrial companies. Traditional pricing in the B2B sector often relies on static, cost-plus methods that fail to account for fluctuating market conditions, customer behavior, and competitor actions. Leveraging AI, specifically machine learning and predictive analytics, dynamic pricing models can process vast amounts of real-time data to determine optimal price points tailored to specific customer profiles and market demands. The study outlines the architecture and implementation of these AI-driven systems, detailing their ability to enhance pricing accuracy, improve profit margins, and strengthen customer relationships. By integrating AI, companies can automate pricing decisions, reduce human bias, and react swiftly to market changes. The findings demonstrate that an AI-powered approach not only optimizes revenue but also creates a scalable and adaptive pricing strategy, positioning B2B industrial firms for competitive advantage and sustainable growth in an increasingly volatile market.

Cryptocurrencies and the Legislative Provisions for the Prevention of Money Laundering in the Republic of Slovenia

Cryptocurrencies and the Legislative Provisions for the Prevention of Money Laundering in the Republic of Slovenia
(Cryptocurrencies and the Legislative Provisions for the Prevention of Money Laundering in the Republic of Slovenia)

Author(s):Franc Pozderec, Ivanka Oberman
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:229-238
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Cryptocurrencies; Legislative provisions; Money laundering
Summary/Abstract:Cryptocurrencies represent the future of the digital money system. It is an innovative online payment system that allows transactions to be recorded using decentralised accounting without the control of a central institution. There´s a high degree of user anonymity and users can further obscure the transaction trail by using various anonymisers. Cryptocurrencies are based on a complex infrastructure involving a large number of so-called miners and users coming from different countries, and transactions are validated and recorded globally, making it impossible for Anti-Money Laundering authorities to obtain relevant information on suspicious transactions. The present article deals with cryptocurrencies and the process of »mining«, which is the process of validating transactions on a cryptocurrency network and adding them to a blockchain. Also, money laundering issues are highlighted and the Slovenian legislative provisions in this area are presented. Finally, guidelines to prevent money laundering are presented.

Evaluating Utility-Based and Coherent Risk Measures in Financial Risk Management

Evaluating Utility-Based and Coherent Risk Measures in Financial Risk Management
(Evaluating Utility-Based and Coherent Risk Measures in Financial Risk Management)

Author(s):Enkeleda Shehi, Roel Shehi
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:239-247
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Risk measures; Coherent risk; Value at Risk (VaR); Conditional Tail Expectation (CTE); Financial risk management
Summary/Abstract:Risk is an inherent part of our daily personal and professional life, and it can be found in every aspect of it. Particularly in finance and economics, managing and understanding risk is very important, yet defining and measuring it is a challenge due to its subjective nature. Effective risk management requires different tools and methodologies, many of which originated from Markowitz’s work in 1952. This paper examines risk measures, emphasizing the concept of coherence introduced by Artzner et al. (1999). A coherent risk measure satisfies monotonicity, positive homogeneity, sub-additivity, and translation invariance. Key measures, including variance, skewness, Value at Risk (VaR), and Conditional Tail Expectation (CTE) will be analyzed in this paper. While widely used, variance and skewness lack coherence. VaR, popular in finance, also fails to meet coherence standards. In contrast, CTE emerges as a coherent and reliable metric, addressing VaR’s shortcomings by focusing on extreme scenarios.

The Role of Tech-Enabled Business Models in Enhancing Financial Inclusion: The Case of Albania’s Financial Sector

The Role of Tech-Enabled Business Models in Enhancing Financial Inclusion: The Case of Albania’s Financial Sector
(The Role of Tech-Enabled Business Models in Enhancing Financial Inclusion: The Case of Albania’s Financial Sector)

Author(s):Aida Bitri, Arjela Dervishaj
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:249-256
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Financial inclusion; Banking services; Technology-enabled business models; Traditional banking operations; Financial service providers; Accessibility; Inclusive financial systems
Summary/Abstract:In today’s technological and business world it is crucial to ensure that everybody has access to financial services and can actively participate in economic activities, leading to faster economic development. Financial inclusion refers to the fundamental right of all individuals to access basic banking services, regardless of their socio-economic circumstances. Tech-enabled business solutions provide the necessary means to ensure financial inclusion, break traditional barriers, and ensure financial access for everyone, particularly to the unprivileged and marginalized groups. Financial inclusion is a global challenge, and middle-income countries like Albania cannot remain unaffected by its impact. In recent years, particularly in the post-COVID era, the financial system has maintained stability; however, several obstacles are encountered in attaining full financial inclusion. These primary obstacles encompass restricted availability of capital, particularly in rural regions and for specific demographic groups, low levels of financial literacy, and underdeveloped non-bank financial services. This study explores the impact of tech-enabled business models in enhancing financial inclusion. Considering the global challenge and the abovementioned obstacles, this research aims to answer the question of whether tech-enabled business models and tech-enabled efforts in traditional financial institutions can improve the financial sector and financial processes by enhancing and ensuring financial access to everyone. After conducting a thorough analysis and in-depth interviews with key financial service providers in Albania the findings reveal that integrating technology in financial services has led to positive changes in how financial organizations operate and communicate with their customers, and how tech-enabled business models expand financial services to marginalized communities.

IT Implementation Challenges in Accounting and Auditing

IT Implementation Challenges in Accounting and Auditing
(IT Implementation Challenges in Accounting and Auditing)

Author(s):Maša Georgiev, Kristina Spasić, Ana Milijić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:257-265
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Information technologies; Audit; Audit of information systems
Summary/Abstract:The application of information technologies in the business of modern organizations is taken for granted today. The sustainability of an organization without the implementation of information technologies in almost all business functions of that organization is not possible. An information system designed in this way is subject to frequent errors and data loss, so permanent internal and external monitoring is necessary. Consequently, a completely new profession is developing, which is the auditing of information systems. The audit of information systems is complicated, and the field of its action is much wider than the audit of financial statements. The domain of information systems audit is both accounting and non-accounting information systems. This paper deals with defining the subject and role of information system audit.

The Influence of the Audit on the Quality of the Company’s Financial Reporting

The Influence of the Audit on the Quality of the Company’s Financial Reporting
(The Influence of the Audit on the Quality of the Company’s Financial Reporting)

Author(s):Ana Milijić, Andrija Popović, Vanja Vukojević
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:267-274
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Audit; Financial reporting; Business decision-making
Summary/Abstract:The financial collapse of world-famous companies at the end of the last and the beginning of this century actualized the problem of the quality of financial reporting. The factual situation is that manipulative actions most often occur in financial reports, where the practice of creative accounting reporting threatens to endanger not only the accounting profession but also mislead managers when making crucial investment decisions. Accordingly, the purpose of the work is to review the most important aspects of business and determine the spheres in which there is the greatest risk of materially significant errors. The subject of the work will be research and analysis of business situations that favor manipulations, as well as an assessment of the quality of financial reporting.

Digital Innovation and Financial Literacy Are the Foundations of a Sustainable Economy

Digital Innovation and Financial Literacy Are the Foundations of a Sustainable Economy
(Digital Innovation and Financial Literacy Are the Foundations of a Sustainable Economy)

Author(s):Neven Šipić, Dijana Vuković, Fani Kerum
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:275-285
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Digital innovation; Financial literacy; Sustainable economy
Summary/Abstract:In modern society, financial literacy and digital innovation are becoming increasingly important for creating a sustainable economy. As technology evolves rapidly, understanding basic financial concepts and being able to manage one’s finances are becoming crucial for individuals and communities. This paper investigates the role of these elements on a sample of 642 respondents of different ages, to define their influence on sustainable economic development. The results show that financial literacy is essential for individuals in managing their own finances, which affects their ability to make informed decisions. Respondents who had a better understanding of basic financial concepts had a greater tendency to adopt digital tools, which enabled them to manage resources more efficiently. Also, research has shown that digital innovations, such as mobile applications for financial management and online investment platforms, play a significant role in fostering financial literacy. Connecting digital solutions with financial knowledge creates a synergy that can contribute to sustainable development through increased economic stability and responsible management of resources.

Innovative Comparative Approaches to Transport and Transport Infrastructure Between Romania and Other European Union Countries

Innovative Comparative Approaches to Transport and Transport Infrastructure Between Romania and Other European Union Countries
(Innovative Comparative Approaches to Transport and Transport Infrastructure Between Romania and Other European Union Countries)

Author(s):Paul Vasile ZAI, Cristiana Moraru
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:287-294
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Transport infrastructure; Romania; European Union (EU); Sustainable mobility; Innovative transport solutions
Summary/Abstract:Transport infrastructure plays a critical role in economic growth, trade facilitation, and improving the overall quality of life. This paper provides a detailed comparative analysis of Romania’s transport infrastructure relative to other European Union (EU) countries, with a focus on road, rail, maritime, and air transport systems. It explores the challenges Romania faces in modernizing its infrastructure, examines current policies, and offers innovative solutions that are critical for the country’s progress. Additionally, the paper underscores the importance of sustainability, particularly the need to reduce carbon emissions and align with the EU’s environmental goals. Through the integration of various data sources and policy recommendations, this paper suggests how Romania can enhance its transport infrastructure to improve connectivity, competitiveness, and economic growth. Sustainable transport solutions and innovative technologies are critical for Romania as it strives to close the gap with other EU countries and better integrate into the broader European market.

Does the EU Ecolabel Reduce the Information Asymmetry in Croatia?

Does the EU Ecolabel Reduce the Information Asymmetry in Croatia?
(Does the EU Ecolabel Reduce the Information Asymmetry in Croatia?)

Author(s):Slađana Pavllinović Mršić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:295-302
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:EU Ecolabel; Information asymmetry; Croatia
Summary/Abstract:The information asymmetry creates numerous distortions and reduces the efficiency of the real markets. The fact that real product attributes are not observable by a consumer may demotivate some producers although their production would lead to an increase in the social welfare. This is a well-studied phenomenon by economists, but still its empirical testing represents a significant challenge due to its intangible nature. Information asymmetry is often present in the exchange of eco-friendly products since very usually the related production materials and techniques are not verifiable by a consumer. This causes the lack of such products in the economy while the brown products prevail. However, the real-world examples show that there exist mechanisms that restore those markets by reducing the information asymmetry, by increasing the trust, or by changing the profile of buyers. One of them elaborated in this paper is the EU Ecolabel in Croatia. The first part of the research is dedicated to the analysis of adverse selection and the overview of the mechanisms that partly or fully resolve it. The research proceeds with the analysis of the role of the EU Ecolabel as an example of a mechanism that serves to reduce information asymmetry and to restore the markets for eco-friendly products. The previously developed models are applied to analyze Flash Eurobarometer data in order to shed light on the role of the EU Ecolabel in the market for eco-friendly products in Croatia. The empirical findings lead to critical reflection on the existing theoretical frameworks and to an improved understanding of complex empirical testing of information asymmetry models.

Socio-Economic Development and Tuberculosis Mortality in Italy: A Historical Analysis (1887-1955)

Socio-Economic Development and Tuberculosis Mortality in Italy: A Historical Analysis (1887-1955)
(Socio-Economic Development and Tuberculosis Mortality in Italy: A Historical Analysis (1887-1955))

Author(s):Francesco Sama
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:303-311
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Tuberculosis mortality; Industrialization; Italy
Summary/Abstract:This paper analyzes tuberculosis mortality in Italy (1887–1955) in its correlation with industrialization. The geographical distribution of pulmonary tuberculosis and the effects of regional industrialization are examined using epidemiological data and official mortality statistics. The results show a significant relationship between industrialization and pulmonary tuberculosis mortality, especially in the northern regions during the early stages of industrial development (1891–1911). Over time, mortality declined significantly across the country due to improvements in health care and better living conditions. Furthermore, this study highlights the impact of socioeconomic change on public health and emphasises the need for further research on the socioeconomic factors that historically influenced the spread of tuberculosis.

Considerations on the Knowledge Integration Management (KIM) in the Knowledge-Based Society/Economy (KBS/E)

Considerations on the Knowledge Integration Management (KIM) in the Knowledge-Based Society/Economy (KBS/E)
(Considerations on the Knowledge Integration Management (KIM) in the Knowledge-Based Society/Economy (KBS/E))

Author(s):Ioan G. Pop, Carmen Fagadar
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:313-322
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Knowledge Integration Management; Knowledge-Based Society/ Economy
Summary/Abstract:The paper proposes a transdisciplinary approach to knowledge integration within the knowledge-based society and economy (KBS/E), positioning universities as ideal spaces for the synergy of education, research, and industry. Emphasizing a “global village” perspective, it highlights the university’s role in fostering sustainable development by integrating diverse disciplines and deep research in specialized fields. Practical examples of transdisciplinary spaces include Technopolis centers, knowledge factories, and mobile mechatronic platforms, which serve as innovative clusters for knowledge creation, transfer, and application. The Knowledge Integration (KIM) paradigm underpins this process, enabling the efficient exploration of ideas and advancing expertise as wisdom and skills. This approach breaks traditional academic boundaries, encouraging rational debate, problem-solving, and lifelong learning in a sustainable, integrative framework.

On Some Quantitative Characteristics of Human Resources in Agricultural Enterprises in Slovakia

On Some Quantitative Characteristics of Human Resources in Agricultural Enterprises in Slovakia
(On Some Quantitative Characteristics of Human Resources in Agricultural Enterprises in Slovakia)

Author(s):DANA ORSZÁGHOVÁ, RADOMÍRA HORNYÁK GREGÁŇOVÁ, Iveta Košovská
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:323-330
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Agriculture; Agricultural enterprises; Human resources; Employees in agriculture
Summary/Abstract:Agriculture is one of the important sectors of the Slovak economy, the main goal of which is to provide food and food products for people. Business activities in the agricultural sector are linked to factors such as national culture, relationship to the soil, geographical conditions for growing crops, animal hus bandry, and currently also reflect business ambitions. Human resources are a key component of any business, which is also valid for business in the agricultural sector. The main goal of the paper is to find out how selected characteristics of human resources in Slovak agriculture enterprises developed. The focus of the research was on the number of employees and their financial evaluation in conditions of the Slovak Republic in the period 2009-2022. Research data were taken from the database of the Statistical Office of the Slovak Republic. Analysis and synthesis methods were used, while the development of the variable was quantitatively evaluated using trend function modelling.

Career Development of Nurses and Technicians in Hyperbaric Medicine

Career Development of Nurses and Technicians in Hyperbaric Medicine
(Career Development of Nurses and Technicians in Hyperbaric Medicine)

Author(s):Maja Vizjak, Dražen Burazor
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:331-341
No. of Pages:12
Summary/Abstract:The management of human resources in healthcare is defined through documents of national guidelines of set strategic goals and places emphasis on stronger professions through continuous education and general qualitative development. Special emphasis is placed on human resources management for nurses and technicians as the most numerous group of health workers. The goal of this research is to differentiate the development of individual branches in medicine with a focus on the career development of nurses and technicians as part of a strategic reflection that will inductively reflect on general positive trends. The trend in the EU is to direct nurses and technicians to further education in order to expand their scope of duties and responsibilities, so the focus is on lower career development, which is the next logical step in the development of the profession. This paper analyzes the career development of nurses and technicians in the field of hyperbaric medicine in Croatia through the perception of the attitudes of the nurses and technicians themselves and the head of the bracoroom. The scientific contribution of this research is the expansion of knowledge about the development of human resources at work in pressure chambers. The research methodology is a survey questionnaire and an in-depth interview with the heads of centers for hyberbaric medicine in the Republic of Croatia.

The Impact of Migration on the Labor Force, Case of Albania

The Impact of Migration on the Labor Force, Case of Albania
(The Impact of Migration on the Labor Force, Case of Albania)

Author(s):Migena Kazani
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:343-351
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Migration; Labor force; Unemployment rate; Qualified people
Summary/Abstract:Migration is a normal human activity that affects the population of a country. The rate of emigration in Albania after 1990, in relation to the total population, has been the highest in Europe, while the flow of returned migrants has been limited. This study deals with the impact of migration on the labor force. For this, secondary data have been collected from official data institutions related to migration and labor forces (INSTAT, EUROSTAT, WORLD BANK, OECD, etc.). In this paper it is shown that the unemployment rate by age group is generally decreasing. Meanwhile, an increase in the rate of migration is observed in recent years. As a result of the study, it was found that the majority of Albanians intend to migrate to countries such as Germany, Italy, Great Britain, the United States of America, the Nordic countries, Switzerland, France, Spain, Belgium, etc. In previous years, Albanians have been inclined to migrate to neighboring countries such as Italy and Greece, and the main reason for migration has been the financial situation they were in, so mainly economic factors. In recent years, there has been a trend of younger age groups to migrate, and mainly individuals that are qualified in the fields of medicine, IT, economy, etc. At this moment, this has a positive impact on the workforce as the unemployment rate in Albania is decreasing, but on the other hand, it is expected that in the near future there will be shortages in the labor market for these two important areas, if the flow of migration will continue at the same rate.

Tacit Triggers of Entrepreneurial Activity: Limitations of Current Theories

Tacit Triggers of Entrepreneurial Activity: Limitations of Current Theories
(Tacit Triggers of Entrepreneurial Activity: Limitations of Current Theories)

Author(s):Yuliyan Narlev
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:353-363
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Tacit knowledge; Entrepreneurial activity; Decision-making; Intuition; Failure and learning; Technological change
Summary/Abstract:Entrepreneurial activity is often influenced by tacit knowledge— unarticulated, experience-based insights—yet current theories primarily focus on rational decision-making models. This paper aims to address the limitations of these models by exploring the role of tacit triggers, such as intuition, cultural influences, and emotional factors, in entrepreneurial decision-making. The study reviews existing literature to identify key gaps, including an overemphasis on cognitive frameworks, insufficient consideration of social and cultural contexts, and a lack of focus on emotional and psychological triggers. Additionally, it examines the undervalued role of failure and the limited integration of technological change in existing theories. Methods include a critical review of key academic papers and books, drawing on insights from entrepreneurship theory, cognitive science, and knowledge management. The study synthesizes these perspectives to propose a more comprehensive understanding of tacit triggers in entrepreneurial activity. Results show that current theories are overly reliant on rational models, which fail to account for the intuitive and non-cognitive dimensions of entrepreneurial action. The review highlights the need for greater attention to cross-cultural variations, emotional resilience, and the role of failure as a learning tool. Conclusion: To better understand the complex nature of entrepreneurship, future research should expand beyond rational models to include the emotional, social, and cultural dimensions of tacit knowledge. Moreover, there is a need for further exploration of how digital tools and technological advancements are reshaping the way entrepreneurs acquire and utilize tacit knowledge. This paper calls for more interdisciplinary research that integrates psychological, cultural, and technological factors into theories of entrepreneurial decision-making.

The Situation of Women in Leadership Positions in Slovenian Police

The Situation of Women in Leadership Positions in Slovenian Police
(The Situation of Women in Leadership Positions in Slovenian Police)

Author(s):Tomaž Čas, Klara Podnar
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:365-372
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Leadership; Women; Police
Summary/Abstract:This paper researches the position of women in leadership roles within the Slovenian Police. The authors research the current status of women in leadership positions and which leadership style is the most appropriate for law enforcement agencies. The purpose of this paper is to gather theoretical knowledge from the field of leadership in law enforcement and to determine whether women can lead just as effectively as men in this environment. While writing, multiple different methods were used, including the normative-dogmatic method, descriptive method and synthesis method. What the authors found out was that women are extraordinarily rare in Slovenian police leadership. They still face some troubles when going for promotion. Gender equality as stated under the Equal Opportunities for Women and Men Act is nowhere near achieved. It was also confirmed that women are just as capable and successful leaders in law enforcement as men are.

From Fixed Wages to Flexible Rewards: How Businesses in Post-communist Countries Navigate Tipping

From Fixed Wages to Flexible Rewards: How Businesses in Post-communist Countries Navigate Tipping
(From Fixed Wages to Flexible Rewards: How Businesses in Post-communist Countries Navigate Tipping)

Author(s):Andrej Raspor, Darko Lacmanović, Nikola Vukčević
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:373-388
No. of Pages:16
Keywords:Tipping; Motivation; Service quality; Reward system; Work flexibility
Summary/Abstract:This article investigates tipping as a motivational factor in service industries, examining the reasons behind tipping, such as gratitude and social norms. The research explores how tips, especially early tips and compliments, can improve service quality, and how tipping behavior is influenced by gratitude and perceived service quality. The study focuses on Slovenia, Montenegro, Croatia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, using a detailed questionnaire to assess tipping’s motivational impact on employees. Statistical analysis, including ANOVA Eta Square and Tukey HSD Post Hoc tests, reveals a significant difference in the reward system concerning tipping regulations. However, no significant differences were found in guest satisfaction, quality of work, compensation, or group relationships. The findings suggest that the regulation of tipping influences the reward system’s effectiveness, making it a potential tool for managing work flexibility, though it has limited impact on other aspects of work flexibility. Tipping thus can act as a managerial tool in specific contexts.

Social Responsibility as the Foundation of a Company’s Image

Social Responsibility as the Foundation of a Company’s Image
(Social Responsibility as the Foundation of a Company’s Image)

Author(s):Dijana Vuković, Tanja Grmuša, Goran Luburić
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:389-401
No. of Pages:14
Keywords:Social responsibility; Sustainability; Corporate image; Loyalty; Engagement in the community
Summary/Abstract:Purpose: In today’s globalized business environment, social responsibility is key to successful business. Companies are increasingly aware that their actions affect financial results, the community, and the environment. In this context, socially responsible business (CSR) is an ethical obligation and a strategic approach that can significantly shape a company’s image. Results: One of the key findings of the research relates to consumer trust. More than 75% of surveyed companies reported that consumers perceived their business more positively after actively participating in social initiatives. This increase in trust is directly related to increased customer loyalty, resulting in increased repeat purchases. In the context of increasingly strong competition, this perception can be a decisive advantage in the market. Such an atmosphere not only improves the working environment but also increases the productivity and creativity of employees. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this research indicate that social responsibility is the key foundation of corporate image in the Republic of Croatia. CSR not only improves perception among consumers and employees but also contributes to financial success and business sustainability.

French and German Negotiation Styles

French and German Negotiation Styles
(French and German Negotiation Styles)

Author(s):Ciprian-Beniamin Benea, Andra-Teodora Porumb, Adina Sacara Onita
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:403-408
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Culture; France; Germany; Negotiation; Society
Summary/Abstract:France and Germany have played important roles in the last centuries, and they are two important players in the European Union; even if they are based on the same establishment - Roman Empire influence - they have grown up in quite different manners. This is due to their diverse cultures. One culture is cartesian, while the other is dialectical. This gives them distinction in the way of seeing the world, acting, negotiating, and building the state’s institution and the relationship between the state and society. The paper intends to analyse these differences and how they impact the negotiation styles of people emanating from these cultures.

The Curse of Knowledge in Consumer Decision-Making: Bridging the Gap Between Experts and Consumers in Food Marketing

The Curse of Knowledge in Consumer Decision-Making: Bridging the Gap Between Experts and Consumers in Food Marketing
(The Curse of Knowledge in Consumer Decision-Making: Bridging the Gap Between Experts and Consumers in Food Marketing)

Author(s):Mira Mohr
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:409-416
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Curse of knowledge; Consumer decision-making; Food marketing; Consumer behavior; Marketing communication
Summary/Abstract:This study aims to explore the complexity of consumer decision-making through a complex cognitive psychological phenomenon, focusing on food consumption. The paper summarizes the general interpretation of the curse of knowledge and theories related to consumer decision-making. The novelty of the review lies in its focus on food consumption and the broadening of the perspective to include food marketing approaches. Both classic theories and more recent publications are discussed. In this study, the author analyzes the pervasive nature of the curse of knowledge, which extends its influence beyond adults to children. It can be stated that neglecting this phenomenon can have far-reaching consequences, including marketing. The curse of knowledge poses a significant challenge for brands regarding effective communication with their target audience, particularly regarding food consumption. The primary research is a qualitative study. The results of in-depth interviews with food influencers further illustrate the complexity of the problem. The phenomenon may lead to consequences such as the partial or total misinterpretation of messages, or even the complete breakdown of communication. Marketing professionals must understand and navigate the curse to communicate more effectively with their target audience and foster better engagement. At the end of the article, the author outlines future directions and offers suggestions for addressing the curse of knowledge. These approaches could effectively respond to the challenges presented by the ever-changing marketing environment and the impact of the curse of knowledge on consumer decision-making. These future directions include fostering empathy among professionals and using analogies, storytelling, and food influencers in marketing communication.

Managerial and Economic Aspects in the Educational System

Managerial and Economic Aspects in the Educational System
(Managerial and Economic Aspects in the Educational System)

Author(s):Ionela Luminita Canuta (Bucuroiu), Adrian Ioana
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:417-423
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Management; Education; Economics; Human resource; Educational management
Summary/Abstract:“The leader’s task is to be more and more efficient” ( P. Druker ) “Management renounces its traditional master - profit; it commits itself to the service of value (moral, humanitarian, social, cultural, etc.).” (P. Drucker) Education is the main component in the formation of an individual, from a personal point of view, but also professionally, through the development of knowledge, skills and abilities, which are essential for the economic growth of a country. This paper aims to highlight the economic and managerial aspects present in the educational system of Romania. Management practices, resource management and how the management concept is implemented in the educational system will be analyzed. Management represents the set of general and specific activities through the efficient use of all resources (human, informational, financial and material resources) to obtain the maximum level of results. In educational management, emphasis is placed on human resources and informational resources. The teacher must be a good manager to manage all situations and to achieve the objectives. Educational management represents a process that includes the 5 managerial functions (Foresight, Organization, Coordination, Command (Decision, Training-Learning), Managerial control (Evaluation-Control)), to achieve the objectives. Without the element of educational management, the educational system could not function within normal parameters. This research uses the documentary method to analyze the economic and management aspects of the educational system. The method allows a systematic examination of existing sources, helping to outline a relevant theoretical framework and highlight trends and challenges specific to this sector.

Navigating Education Amidst Crisis: The Transformation of Higher Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Navigating Education Amidst Crisis: The Transformation of Higher Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Navigating Education Amidst Crisis: The Transformation of Higher Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic)

Author(s):Carmen Mihaela Man, Camelia Slave
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:425-429
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Pandemic; Crisis; University; Students
Summary/Abstract:The pandemic caused by the SARS-COV-2 virus led to social distancing measures in this context, universities temporarily closed in Romania and most states of the world. The educational process has moved to the online environment, taking place through online platforms. According to General Comment no. 13 of the Committee for Economic, Social and Civil Rights 140, education is characterized by four elements in an interdependent relationship, namely availability, accessibility, acceptability and adaptability. Thus, the state must provide institutions and educational programs, which provide libraries and digital facilities, accessible to students. The accessibility of educational institutions refers to three aspects: non-discrimination, accessibility from a geographical point of view and accessibility from an economic point of view, which implies that education does not involve too high costs. Acceptability concerns aspects related to the form and content of education, from teaching methods to the curriculum, and adaptability represents how the educational process can adapt to the needs of changing societies.

An Approach for Backup in LMS Moodle

An Approach for Backup in LMS Moodle
(An Approach for Backup in LMS Moodle)

Author(s):Ivan Mihaylov
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:431-439
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Moodle; Backup; Cloud computing; LMS
Summary/Abstract:The increasing reliance on information and communication technologies (ICT) in education has underscored the importance of ensuring data availability, security, and integrity. Learning Management Systems (LMS), such as Moodle, are critical tools in modern education, enabling the management of educational resources, assessments, and learner progress. This paper proposes a structured and practical approach to backing up and restoring Moodle-based educational platforms. The approach is designed to ensure reliability, minimize downtime, and comply with best practices in information security. The method is supported by empirical testing in a real educational environment and can be easily adapted to other institutions.

China’s Tiangong Space Station: Geopolitical Influences and Opportunity for Collaboration

China’s Tiangong Space Station: Geopolitical Influences and Opportunity for Collaboration
(China’s Tiangong Space Station: Geopolitical Influences and Opportunity for Collaboration)

Author(s):Zsofia Nguyen
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:441-447
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Tiangong space station; Geopolitical tensions; Space exploration; International cooperation; Manned space stations
Summary/Abstract:China’s Tiangong space station program represents a critical milestone in its ascent as a global space power. This paper investigates China’s goals for the Tiangong Space Station, comparing them with other space station programs of the ISS and the Soviet Union. It examines how geopolitical tensions shape China’s space mission and evaluates whether China can maintain its trajectory independently. By addressing questions of geopolitical rivalry, technological self-sufficiency, and international cooperation laws, the paper argues that while China has achieved significant independence by successfully launching and operating the Tiangong Space Station in 2022, now China is at a crucial stage to cooperating with other nations to be able to sustain economic investment and creating frameworks that facilitate sustainable progress for the benefit of humanity as a whole in the space industry.

A General Overview of PPP and Concession Contracts, Their Statistical Treatment and Classification

A General Overview of PPP and Concession Contracts, Their Statistical Treatment and Classification
(A General Overview of PPP and Concession Contracts, Their Statistical Treatment and Classification)

Author(s):Elona Sevrani
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:449-455
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs); Infrastructure development; Fiscal transparency
Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the role of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) and concessionary contracts in economic development, highlighting the collaboration between public and private sectors in delivering infrastructure and public services. PPPs leverage private expertise, capital, and management to efficiently finance, build, and operate projects traditionally provided by the public sector, such as roads, hospitals, and utilities. Concessionary contracts, a form of PPP, grant private entities rights to operate public services or manage infrastructure, typically funded through user fees. The analysis underscores the advantages of PPPs, including cost savings, risk-sharing, and reduced public debt, supported by studies emphasizing efficiency gains and enhanced service delivery. Key motivations for using PPPs include managing fiscal constraints while addressing complex projects, reducing risks, and promoting equity in-service distribution. Furthermore, the paper will explore the statistical treatment and classification of PPP contracts, emphasizing the importance of transparent and standardized accounting practices as outlined by Eurostat, EPEC, and the World Bank. By adhering to these standards, governments can manage their fiscal responsibilities effectively while ensuring accurate economic reporting.

The Role and Importance of Public Policies. How Do Governments Should Intervene to Protect the Rights of Employees in Digital Labour Platforms

The Role and Importance of Public Policies. How Do Governments Should Intervene to Protect the Rights of Employees in Digital Labour Platforms
(The Role and Importance of Public Policies. How Do Governments Should Intervene to Protect the Rights of Employees in Digital Labour Platforms)

Author(s):Eneida Sema, Inva Kociaj
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:457-464
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Digital platforms; Digitization; Public policy; Digital work
Summary/Abstract:Platform work has gained policy attention in recent years due to the expansion and diversification of business models and their growth in terms of employment and income. Today, we are all facing new forms of employment, which are directly influencing employment policies, the labour market, the informality of the economy, and the creation of new jobs. Working on digital platforms is one of the new forms of employment created in recent years, as a result of the development of technology and digitalization. Employees engaged in digital work platforms are encountering major challenges, such as obtaining employee status, employment contracts, and the lack of a legal framework. On the other hand, states with their law enforcement bodies are facing challenges in designing appropriate policies for this category of employees. The purpose of this paper is to address the importance of public policies and the role played by governments, together with law enforcement bodies, to create the right package of public policies and the legal framework, in order to respect the principle of decent work in digital work platforms. . Using the qualitative method, in this paper, the purpose of drafting public policies by governments, to guarantee the rights at work for employees of digital platforms, will be mainly related to the work contract, working time, payments, insurance at work, the storage of personal data, and the evaluation of work through algorithms.

Invalidity of Employee Resignation in Albanian and European Employment Law: A Comparative Analysis of Legal Frameworks and Judicial Interpretations

Invalidity of Employee Resignation in Albanian and European Employment Law: A Comparative Analysis of Legal Frameworks and Judicial Interpretations
(Invalidity of Employee Resignation in Albanian and European Employment Law: A Comparative Analysis of Legal Frameworks and Judicial Interpretations)

Author(s):Griselda Muhametaj Guma
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:465-471
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Constructive dismissal; Employment law; European Union; Albania; Case law; Employee rights; Employee resignation; Employer conduct
Summary/Abstract:This research article comprehensively analyses the concept of “constructive dismissal” within the framework of European and Albanian employment laws, alongside pertinent case law. The findings, which shed light on this complex legal concept, will provide a deeper understanding and enlightenment to legal scholars, practitioners, and students interested in employment law. Constructive dismissal, where an employee resigns due to the employer’s conduct rendering continued employment untenable, presents complex legal interpretation and application challenges and poses significant implications for employee rights and employer responsibilities. This study critically examines the statutory provisions and case law governing these aspects of employment law in Albania. Through a doctrinal and case law analysis, the paper identifies the conditions under which resignations may be classified as constructive dismissals, exploring the threshold of intolerable conduct required to substantiate such claims. The research highlights the influence that the European Union directives and comparative legal principles should have on the development of Albanian employment law. By providing a detailed examination of the legal landscape surrounding employee resignation, this study contributes to the broader understanding of employment protections and the need for legal reforms to enhance labour rights. The study employs a comparative legal methodology, scrutinising statutory provisions and judicial interpretations across various European jurisdictions and Albania. The analysis reveals the doctrinal evolution and practical application of constructive dismissal, highlighting the convergence and divergence in legal standards. While many European legal systems recognise constructive dismissal as a mechanism for employees to resign in response to intolerable employer conduct, Albanian employment law lacks a comprehensive statutory or doctrinal basis for this concept. Through a detailed examination of landmark cases and legislative texts, this article discusses the critical elements constituting constructive dismissal, including employer conduct, employee resignation, and the requisite threshold of intolerability. The paper strongly advocates for legislative reform to align Albanian employment protections with European standards, ensuring that employees are safeguarded against detrimental employer actions that effectively force resignation. The findings underscore the urgent need for a harmonised legal framework to ensure consistent and fair adjudication of constructive dismissal claims, advocating for reforms that align Albanian laws more closely with European standards. This study contributes to the broader discourse on employment law by providing insights into shaping employee protections against constructive dismissal.

AI vs. Transnational Crime: Harnessing Intelligent Technologies to Disrupt Global Criminal Networks

AI vs. Transnational Crime: Harnessing Intelligent Technologies to Disrupt Global Criminal Networks
(AI vs. Transnational Crime: Harnessing Intelligent Technologies to Disrupt Global Criminal Networks)

Author(s):Carlos Imbrosio Filho
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:473-479
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Artificial intelligence; Transnational organized crime; Machine learning; Predictive analytics; Data privacy; International cooperation; Law enforcement; Anti-money laundering (AML); Cybersecurity; Ethical concerns
Summary/Abstract:Transnational organized crime (TOC) poses severe threats to global security, economies, and human rights, with criminal networks leveraging technology and financial systems to engage in activities like drug trafficking, money laundering, and cybercrime. Traditional methods struggle to keep pace, but artificial intelligence (AI) offers powerful tools to combat TOC. This article explores AI technologies such as machine learning and predictive analytics by enabling real-time data analysis, enhancing the detection of suspicious activities, and acting as threat prediction. Additionally, AI enhances international cooperation by facilitating intelligence sharing and improving anti-money laundering efforts. However, challenges like data privacy, ethical concerns, and AI bias must be addressed. Criminals also exploit AI, requiring law enforcement to stay ahead. A multi-stakeholder approach involving governments, law enforcement, and academia is crucial for developing ethical, effective AI solutions to disrupt and prosecute TOC.

The Desertification Phenomenon in Southern Romania

The Desertification Phenomenon in Southern Romania
(The Desertification Phenomenon in Southern Romania)

Author(s):Camelia Slave, Carmen Mihaela Man
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:481-486
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Desertification; Agricultural land use; Dolj County
Summary/Abstract:In the south of Romania, it is located in Dolj County, where there are areas where the sand forms desert dunes. This area is the Oltenia Sahara and is slowly but surely turning into a desert. Vegetation disappears, and hot sand remains in its place. Approximately one hundred thousand hectares are covered with sand. According to specialists, the phenomenon of desertification has increased in recent years, due to the climatic conditions and the lack of precipitation. Dolj county is the county affected by the desertification phenomenon, due to the drought and sandy soil, but also to the chaotic deforestation of recent years. Nothing grows on these sandy lands anymore. According to the specialists - Sandy soils can only be cultivated in conditions where they have water.

Possibilities of Phytoremediation of Chromium in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Possibilities of Phytoremediation of Chromium in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Possibilities of Phytoremediation of Chromium in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Author(s):Željka Stjepić Srkalović, Dado Srkalović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences
Page Range:487-493
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Chromium; Soil; Tuzla; Phytoremediation
Summary/Abstract:The paper presents the results of geoecological - pedological research on chromium (Cr) concentrations in the soil of Tuzla and the possibility of its remediation via phytoextraction, phytostabilisation and phytoreduction methods. The terrain work included the collection of 240 soil samples from an area of 303 km2. The samples were analysed by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), and the results were used to examine the concentrations and to show the spatial distribution of chromium in the area of Tuzla. Chromium concentrations in the soil of the city of Tuzla range from 67 ppm-1592 ppm, and out of 240 in total of the analyzed soil samples, chromium concentrations were elevated in 239 of them. The possibility of phytoremediation was evaluated and the results were presented in this paper.

ITEMA 2024 / 8 – Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS ITEMA 2024 / 8 – Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Nonlinear Analysis for Automation Purposes in Computer Networks

Nonlinear Analysis for Automation Purposes in Computer Networks (Nonlinear Analysis for Automation Purposes in Computer Networks)

The Importance of Security Protocols in Wireless Computer Networks

The Importance of Security Protocols in Wireless Computer Networks (The Importance of Security Protocols in Wireless Computer Networks)

Managing Cloud Securit

Managing Cloud Securit (Managing Cloud Securit)

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Phases of Food Quality and Food Safety of Supply Chain

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Phases of Food Quality and Food Safety of Supply Chain (The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Phases of Food Quality and Food Safety of Supply Chain)

Differences Between Generations X, Y, Z Regarding Life Satisfaction and the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Slovenia

Differences Between Generations X, Y, Z Regarding Life Satisfaction and the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Slovenia (Differences Between Generations X, Y, Z Regarding Life Satisfaction and the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Slovenia)

A Smart City From an Economic Perspective Through the Lens of Bibliometrics

A Smart City From an Economic Perspective Through the Lens of Bibliometrics (A Smart City From an Economic Perspective Through the Lens of Bibliometrics)

National Tourism Policies and Sustainability: A Comparative Study of EU Countries

National Tourism Policies and Sustainability: A Comparative Study of EU Countries (National Tourism Policies and Sustainability: A Comparative Study of EU Countries)

Sustainable Project Management in Tourism Using Green Funds in Serbia

Sustainable Project Management in Tourism Using Green Funds in Serbia (Sustainable Project Management in Tourism Using Green Funds in Serbia)

Assessment of National Statistical System and Tourism Evidence in Serbia

Assessment of National Statistical System and Tourism Evidence in Serbia (Assessment of National Statistical System and Tourism Evidence in Serbia)

Does Islamic Financing Matter for Halal Tourism?

Does Islamic Financing Matter for Halal Tourism? (Does Islamic Financing Matter for Halal Tourism?)

Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism Enterprises in Relation to Tourist Spending

Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism Enterprises in Relation to Tourist Spending (Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism Enterprises in Relation to Tourist Spending)

Improving Tourism Development Through Planned Employee Training

Improving Tourism Development Through Planned Employee Training (Improving Tourism Development Through Planned Employee Training)

Public Relations as a Function of Creating the Identity of a Tourist Destination

Public Relations as a Function of Creating the Identity of a Tourist Destination (Public Relations as a Function of Creating the Identity of a Tourist Destination)

The Presentation Role in the Study’s Selection: Tourism and Environmental Protection (University of Sarajevo)

The Presentation Role in the Study’s Selection: Tourism and Environmental Protection (University of Sarajevo) (The Presentation Role in the Study’s Selection: Tourism and Environmental Protection (University of Sarajevo))

Geospatial Analysis of Airbnb Data: Understanding Distribution Patterns, User Satisfaction, and Economic Impacts in Major Global Cities

Geospatial Analysis of Airbnb Data: Understanding Distribution Patterns, User Satisfaction, and Economic Impacts in Major Global Cities (Geospatial Analysis of Airbnb Data: Understanding Distribution Patterns, User Satisfaction, and Economic Impacts in Major Global Cities)

Journey in the Heart of the Vineyards in the Sunniest Land of Romania, Dealu Mare

Journey in the Heart of the Vineyards in the Sunniest Land of Romania, Dealu Mare (Journey in the Heart of the Vineyards in the Sunniest Land of Romania, Dealu Mare)

Exploring the Growth and Challenges of Agritourism in Sibiu County, Romania

Exploring the Growth and Challenges of Agritourism in Sibiu County, Romania (Exploring the Growth and Challenges of Agritourism in Sibiu County, Romania)

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Tourism, with Particular Attention to Deepfake

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Tourism, with Particular Attention to Deepfake (The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Tourism, with Particular Attention to Deepfake)

Smart Technologies Shaping the Future of the Hotel Industry in Developing Countries: A Post-Covid Review

Smart Technologies Shaping the Future of the Hotel Industry in Developing Countries: A Post-Covid Review (Smart Technologies Shaping the Future of the Hotel Industry in Developing Countries: A Post-Covid Review)

The Evaluation of Circular Economy in the Slovak Republic Based on Selected Indicators

The Evaluation of Circular Economy in the Slovak Republic Based on Selected Indicators (The Evaluation of Circular Economy in the Slovak Republic Based on Selected Indicators)

The Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Country Indebtedness

The Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Country Indebtedness (The Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Country Indebtedness)

How Does Foreign Direct Investment Influence Albania’s Economic Growth?

How Does Foreign Direct Investment Influence Albania’s Economic Growth? (How Does Foreign Direct Investment Influence Albania’s Economic Growth?)

Empirical Approaches Regarding the Financial Performance of the US Companies

Empirical Approaches Regarding the Financial Performance of the US Companies (Empirical Approaches Regarding the Financial Performance of the US Companies)

Financing SMEs Through Guarantee Instruments During and After the COVID Crisis, Following the Example of the Republic of Bulgaria

Financing SMEs Through Guarantee Instruments During and After the COVID Crisis, Following the Example of the Republic of Bulgaria (Financing SMEs Through Guarantee Instruments During and After the COVID Crisis, Following the Example of the Republic of Bulgaria)

Optimizing B2B Industrial Pricing: An AI-Powered Dynamic Approach

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Cryptocurrencies and the Legislative Provisions for the Prevention of Money Laundering in the Republic of Slovenia

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Evaluating Utility-Based and Coherent Risk Measures in Financial Risk Management

Evaluating Utility-Based and Coherent Risk Measures in Financial Risk Management (Evaluating Utility-Based and Coherent Risk Measures in Financial Risk Management)

The Role of Tech-Enabled Business Models in Enhancing Financial Inclusion: The Case of Albania’s Financial Sector

The Role of Tech-Enabled Business Models in Enhancing Financial Inclusion: The Case of Albania’s Financial Sector (The Role of Tech-Enabled Business Models in Enhancing Financial Inclusion: The Case of Albania’s Financial Sector)

IT Implementation Challenges in Accounting and Auditing

IT Implementation Challenges in Accounting and Auditing (IT Implementation Challenges in Accounting and Auditing)

The Influence of the Audit on the Quality of the Company’s Financial Reporting

The Influence of the Audit on the Quality of the Company’s Financial Reporting (The Influence of the Audit on the Quality of the Company’s Financial Reporting)

Digital Innovation and Financial Literacy Are the Foundations of a Sustainable Economy

Digital Innovation and Financial Literacy Are the Foundations of a Sustainable Economy (Digital Innovation and Financial Literacy Are the Foundations of a Sustainable Economy)

Innovative Comparative Approaches to Transport and Transport Infrastructure Between Romania and Other European Union Countries

Innovative Comparative Approaches to Transport and Transport Infrastructure Between Romania and Other European Union Countries (Innovative Comparative Approaches to Transport and Transport Infrastructure Between Romania and Other European Union Countries)

Does the EU Ecolabel Reduce the Information Asymmetry in Croatia?

Does the EU Ecolabel Reduce the Information Asymmetry in Croatia? (Does the EU Ecolabel Reduce the Information Asymmetry in Croatia?)

Socio-Economic Development and Tuberculosis Mortality in Italy: A Historical Analysis (1887-1955)

Socio-Economic Development and Tuberculosis Mortality in Italy: A Historical Analysis (1887-1955) (Socio-Economic Development and Tuberculosis Mortality in Italy: A Historical Analysis (1887-1955))

Considerations on the Knowledge Integration Management (KIM) in the Knowledge-Based Society/Economy (KBS/E)

Considerations on the Knowledge Integration Management (KIM) in the Knowledge-Based Society/Economy (KBS/E) (Considerations on the Knowledge Integration Management (KIM) in the Knowledge-Based Society/Economy (KBS/E))

On Some Quantitative Characteristics of Human Resources in Agricultural Enterprises in Slovakia

On Some Quantitative Characteristics of Human Resources in Agricultural Enterprises in Slovakia (On Some Quantitative Characteristics of Human Resources in Agricultural Enterprises in Slovakia)

Career Development of Nurses and Technicians in Hyperbaric Medicine

Career Development of Nurses and Technicians in Hyperbaric Medicine (Career Development of Nurses and Technicians in Hyperbaric Medicine)

The Impact of Migration on the Labor Force, Case of Albania

The Impact of Migration on the Labor Force, Case of Albania (The Impact of Migration on the Labor Force, Case of Albania)

Tacit Triggers of Entrepreneurial Activity: Limitations of Current Theories

Tacit Triggers of Entrepreneurial Activity: Limitations of Current Theories (Tacit Triggers of Entrepreneurial Activity: Limitations of Current Theories)

The Situation of Women in Leadership Positions in Slovenian Police

ITEMA 2024 / 8 – Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
ITEMA 2024 / 8 – Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Nonlinear Analysis for Automation Purposes in Computer Networks
(Nonlinear Analysis for Automation Purposes in Computer Networks)

The Importance of Security Protocols in Wireless Computer Networks
(The Importance of Security Protocols in Wireless Computer Networks)

Managing Cloud Securit
(Managing Cloud Securit)

The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Phases of Food Quality and Food Safety of Supply Chain
(The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Phases of Food Quality and Food Safety of Supply Chain)

Differences Between Generations X, Y, Z Regarding Life Satisfaction and the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Slovenia
(Differences Between Generations X, Y, Z Regarding Life Satisfaction and the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Slovenia)

A Smart City From an Economic Perspective Through the Lens of Bibliometrics
(A Smart City From an Economic Perspective Through the Lens of Bibliometrics)

National Tourism Policies and Sustainability: A Comparative Study of EU Countries
(National Tourism Policies and Sustainability: A Comparative Study of EU Countries)

Sustainable Project Management in Tourism Using Green Funds in Serbia
(Sustainable Project Management in Tourism Using Green Funds in Serbia)

Assessment of National Statistical System and Tourism Evidence in Serbia
(Assessment of National Statistical System and Tourism Evidence in Serbia)

Does Islamic Financing Matter for Halal Tourism?
(Does Islamic Financing Matter for Halal Tourism?)

Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism Enterprises in Relation to Tourist Spending
(Opportunities and Challenges for Tourism Enterprises in Relation to Tourist Spending)

Improving Tourism Development Through Planned Employee Training
(Improving Tourism Development Through Planned Employee Training)

Public Relations as a Function of Creating the Identity of a Tourist Destination
(Public Relations as a Function of Creating the Identity of a Tourist Destination)

The Presentation Role in the Study’s Selection: Tourism and Environmental Protection (University of Sarajevo)
(The Presentation Role in the Study’s Selection: Tourism and Environmental Protection (University of Sarajevo))

Geospatial Analysis of Airbnb Data: Understanding Distribution Patterns, User Satisfaction, and Economic Impacts in Major Global Cities
(Geospatial Analysis of Airbnb Data: Understanding Distribution Patterns, User Satisfaction, and Economic Impacts in Major Global Cities)

Journey in the Heart of the Vineyards in the Sunniest Land of Romania, Dealu Mare
(Journey in the Heart of the Vineyards in the Sunniest Land of Romania, Dealu Mare)

Exploring the Growth and Challenges of Agritourism in Sibiu County, Romania
(Exploring the Growth and Challenges of Agritourism in Sibiu County, Romania)

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Tourism, with Particular Attention to Deepfake
(The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Tourism, with Particular Attention to Deepfake)

Smart Technologies Shaping the Future of the Hotel Industry in Developing Countries: A Post-Covid Review
(Smart Technologies Shaping the Future of the Hotel Industry in Developing Countries: A Post-Covid Review)

The Evaluation of Circular Economy in the Slovak Republic Based on Selected Indicators
(The Evaluation of Circular Economy in the Slovak Republic Based on Selected Indicators)

The Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Country Indebtedness
(The Impact of the Belt and Road Initiative on Country Indebtedness)

How Does Foreign Direct Investment Influence Albania’s Economic Growth?
(How Does Foreign Direct Investment Influence Albania’s Economic Growth?)

Empirical Approaches Regarding the Financial Performance of the US Companies
(Empirical Approaches Regarding the Financial Performance of the US Companies)

Financing SMEs Through Guarantee Instruments During and After the COVID Crisis, Following the Example of the Republic of Bulgaria
(Financing SMEs Through Guarantee Instruments During and After the COVID Crisis, Following the Example of the Republic of Bulgaria)

Optimizing B2B Industrial Pricing: An AI-Powered Dynamic Approach
(Optimizing B2B Industrial Pricing: An AI-Powered Dynamic Approach)

Cryptocurrencies and the Legislative Provisions for the Prevention of Money Laundering in the Republic of Slovenia
(Cryptocurrencies and the Legislative Provisions for the Prevention of Money Laundering in the Republic of Slovenia)

Evaluating Utility-Based and Coherent Risk Measures in Financial Risk Management
(Evaluating Utility-Based and Coherent Risk Measures in Financial Risk Management)

The Role of Tech-Enabled Business Models in Enhancing Financial Inclusion: The Case of Albania’s Financial Sector
(The Role of Tech-Enabled Business Models in Enhancing Financial Inclusion: The Case of Albania’s Financial Sector)

IT Implementation Challenges in Accounting and Auditing
(IT Implementation Challenges in Accounting and Auditing)

The Influence of the Audit on the Quality of the Company’s Financial Reporting
(The Influence of the Audit on the Quality of the Company’s Financial Reporting)

Digital Innovation and Financial Literacy Are the Foundations of a Sustainable Economy
(Digital Innovation and Financial Literacy Are the Foundations of a Sustainable Economy)

Innovative Comparative Approaches to Transport and Transport Infrastructure Between Romania and Other European Union Countries
(Innovative Comparative Approaches to Transport and Transport Infrastructure Between Romania and Other European Union Countries)

Does the EU Ecolabel Reduce the Information Asymmetry in Croatia?
(Does the EU Ecolabel Reduce the Information Asymmetry in Croatia?)

Socio-Economic Development and Tuberculosis Mortality in Italy: A Historical Analysis (1887-1955)
(Socio-Economic Development and Tuberculosis Mortality in Italy: A Historical Analysis (1887-1955))

Considerations on the Knowledge Integration Management (KIM) in the Knowledge-Based Society/Economy (KBS/E)
(Considerations on the Knowledge Integration Management (KIM) in the Knowledge-Based Society/Economy (KBS/E))

On Some Quantitative Characteristics of Human Resources in Agricultural Enterprises in Slovakia
(On Some Quantitative Characteristics of Human Resources in Agricultural Enterprises in Slovakia)

Career Development of Nurses and Technicians in Hyperbaric Medicine
(Career Development of Nurses and Technicians in Hyperbaric Medicine)

The Impact of Migration on the Labor Force, Case of Albania
(The Impact of Migration on the Labor Force, Case of Albania)

Tacit Triggers of Entrepreneurial Activity: Limitations of Current Theories
(Tacit Triggers of Entrepreneurial Activity: Limitations of Current Theories)

The Situation of Women in Leadership Positions in Slovenian Police
(The Situation of Women in Leadership Positions in Slovenian Police)

From Fixed Wages to Flexible Rewards: How Businesses in Post-communist Countries Navigate Tipping
(From Fixed Wages to Flexible Rewards: How Businesses in Post-communist Countries Navigate Tipping)

Social Responsibility as the Foundation of a Company’s Image
(Social Responsibility as the Foundation of a Company’s Image)

French and German Negotiation Styles
(French and German Negotiation Styles)

The Curse of Knowledge in Consumer Decision-Making: Bridging the Gap Between Experts and Consumers in Food Marketing
(The Curse of Knowledge in Consumer Decision-Making: Bridging the Gap Between Experts and Consumers in Food Marketing)

Managerial and Economic Aspects in the Educational System
(Managerial and Economic Aspects in the Educational System)

Navigating Education Amidst Crisis: The Transformation of Higher Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Navigating Education Amidst Crisis: The Transformation of Higher Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic)

An Approach for Backup in LMS Moodle
(An Approach for Backup in LMS Moodle)

China’s Tiangong Space Station: Geopolitical Influences and Opportunity for Collaboration
(China’s Tiangong Space Station: Geopolitical Influences and Opportunity for Collaboration)

A General Overview of PPP and Concession Contracts, Their Statistical Treatment and Classification
(A General Overview of PPP and Concession Contracts, Their Statistical Treatment and Classification)

The Role and Importance of Public Policies. How Do Governments Should Intervene to Protect the Rights of Employees in Digital Labour Platforms
(The Role and Importance of Public Policies. How Do Governments Should Intervene to Protect the Rights of Employees in Digital Labour Platforms)

Invalidity of Employee Resignation in Albanian and European Employment Law: A Comparative Analysis of Legal Frameworks and Judicial Interpretations
(Invalidity of Employee Resignation in Albanian and European Employment Law: A Comparative Analysis of Legal Frameworks and Judicial Interpretations)

AI vs. Transnational Crime: Harnessing Intelligent Technologies to Disrupt Global Criminal Networks
(AI vs. Transnational Crime: Harnessing Intelligent Technologies to Disrupt Global Criminal Networks)

The Desertification Phenomenon in Southern Romania
(The Desertification Phenomenon in Southern Romania)

Possibilities of Phytoremediation of Chromium in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Possibilities of Phytoremediation of Chromium in Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina)