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PREDRASUDE O PSIHIČKI OBOLJELIM LICIMA I UBOJSTVIMA

Author(s): Sandi Dizdarević,Nedeljko Stanković,Kemal Brkić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2023

Introduction: Murder, as the most heinous act of man, which takes away the highest moral and legal right, throughout history has encountered various reflections, researches, but above all condemnation from the wider scientific, professional, and general public. A large part of such deliberations and assessments is based on a layman's approach, very often imputing the act of murder to some form of mental disorder, without study and scientific, but above all professional analysis. Objective: the main objective is to show the correlation and causal link between the crime of murder and one of the mental disorders. Such a causal connection is certainly present and persistent, but this raises the scientific question of whether such a correlation is equal, smaller, or greater in relation to the control sample or the general population, i.e., the number of murders committed by mentally normal persons. Methods: scientific work takes place primarily within the framework of Grounded Theory, within which the method of content analysis, method of description and method of analogy will be applied. In the framework of the work, as a confirmation of the obtained qualitative results, statistical reports from the competent authorities will be used, as well as several examples of case studies. Results: the discussion and the results of scientific research on the question can only be known by triangulating scientific research in the fields of psychiatry and criminology, but also criminal psychology, which also investigates other factors of influence, such as the environment, within the scope of its research. The results of the scientific work will undoubtedly show a deferential difference that shows a far greater number of murders committed by mentally normal persons, but also a causal connection between mass murders and mental disorders. Conclusion: the basic starting assumption in this scientific paper starts from the hypothesis that: "criminal acts of murder and mental disorders coincide, but far less than in relation to the general population.". Scientific statistics clearly show us that the majority of murders are committed by mentally normal people, but that mass murders almost always carry with them the hallmarks of some serious and, in a large number of cases, latent mental illness.

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De la „nebunie” la „boală psihică” în ,Ffloarea roșie’’ de V. Garșin și ,,Nălucile’’ de L. Andreev

Author(s): Ana-Maria Sandu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

This paper examines the theme of madness in two important texts from Russian literature of the late 19th and early 20th century: The Red Flower (1883) by Vsevolod Garshin and Ghosts (1904) by Leonid Andreyev. As I demonstrate in the comparative analysis of these stories, the depiction of madness changes as Russian literature moves away from realism to modernism, and so does its significance. The essay also touches upon the implications of the social and cultural climate at the time of the stories' appearance. In the article I am applying the concepts of deviance and norm formulated by Michel Foucault and Lucian Boia's views on the imaginary, identity and alterity.

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PRACTICAL WAYS FOR THE NUTRITIONIST TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE PATIENT WITH DISABILITIES

Author(s): Maria Dorina Pașca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

Communication with the disabled patient is necessary to start from the saying "Primum non nocere" so that the relationship between the two actors meets the requirements of inter-relational efficiency. From the perspective of the nutritionist with the disabled patient, it is necessary to remove the barriers that appear in a given context, highlighting the specifics of each individual disability but also the appropriate psycho-nutritional logistics, the result being the expected one.

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ANXIETY IN ADOLESCENCE: WAYS OF MANIFESTATION AND MANAGEMENT

Author(s): Iulia Racu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 33/2023

The article describes the ways of manifestation of anxiety in adolescents and anxiety management. For our research we selected a sample of 73 adolescents aged from 15 till 18 years old: 31 boys and 42 girls. As results of investigation we established that for half of our adolescents are characteristic a moderate and a high level of anxiety – state and anxiety – trait. For girls and for the end of adolescent age are more particular the intense level of anxiety – state and anxiety trait. Effective and positive techniques in anxiety management are: expressive – creative techniques, awareness techniques and cognitive restructuring exercise and body awareness techniques.

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Zapomniany język. Symbolizm archaiczny i współczesny w świetle filozofii symbolu i psychoanalizy

Author(s): Jan Kalinowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

This article has primarily synthetic and philosophical character. It aims to focus the standpoint concerned with the revalorisation of symbol and myth, which is dispersed among numerous humane disciplines, that echoed in the first and second half of 20th century, on the crisis of Western culture and the issue of self-understanding. This synthesis includes philosophy of symbol of Paul Ricoeur, philosophy of symbolic forms of Ernst Cassirer, religious studies of Mircea Eliade and psychoanalysis and philosophy of culture of Erich Fromm (and to some extent Carl G. Jung). Due to the philosophical subject-matter, which requires continuous effort of re-reading and successive reinterpretations (evidence of which are publishing dates of latest editions and translations reaching year 2020), and due to long- lasting and – in its tendency – unchanged character of the crisis of Western culture, I limit this research mainly to source literature and in some exceptions to literature of 21st century. In this work I describe the symbolic language, which is presented as the so called “forgotten language” (Fromm), that expresses significant and – in author's mind – not well understood Today aspects of human existence related to self-understanding and self-consciousness. I explain the notion of a “universal symbol” of Fromm and Ricoeur and place the question on the capability of such sign to express and explain experiences of modern man. The positive answer is proposed, due to the emotional and existential values underlying modern behaviours and thinking, which requires specific signs of metaphorical and synthetic character, that are able to express emotional ambivalence as well as critical yet dynamic moments of life of the individual. Also the criticism is put forward to the naive interpretation of „myth” that is derived from its original symbolic and religious context and its instrumental use, which becomes dangerous social phenomenon, that is threatening the existence of modern culture today.

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PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING IN WOMEN WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE AND THE ROLE OF SENSE OF SELF-DIGNITY

Author(s): Agnieszka Gabryś,Małgorzata Gulip / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of the sense of self-dignity in accounting for the variability of psychological well-being in women with insulin resistance. The sample consisted of 109 women diagnosed with insulin resistance. The associations between the variables were examined using correlation and regression analyses. The study found significant relationships between dimensions of the sense of self-dignity and psychological well-being in the surveyed women. The loss dimension of the sense of self-dignity had the highest contribution in accounting for all the dimensions of psychologi- cal well-being. Although weaker than for the loss dimension, a statistically significant contribution was also found for the total score of the sense of self-dignity in the surveyed women with insulin resistance.

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An analysis of the relationship between the hardships of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, family functioning, depression and internet addiction among 11-16 year olds

Author(s): Piotr Hreciński,Roman Solecki / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The aim of the presented research was to analyze mutual correlations between hardships related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, family relations, depression and Internet addiction. The study was conducted remotely among 509 adolescents aged 11-16. The survey questionnaire was constructed from standardized research tools. The results showed that depressive symptoms correlated positively with staying in compulsory quarantine/isolation. In addition, depressive symptoms and Internet addiction positively correlated with experienced hardships during the pandemic (relationship difficulties with loved ones at home and increased number of daily responsibilities) and negatively with good quality family relationships. A reciprocal correlation was also observed between symptoms of depression and Internet addiction. Most interestingly, the results indicated that difficulties associated with the pandemic period correlate heterogeneously with depression and Internet addiction. It seems that the pandemic itself was not the most important factor generating depression and addiction, but reinforced already existing problems. The best protective factor was found to be well-functioning family relationships.

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Współpraca nauczycieli szkoły podstawowej ogólnodostępnej z rodzicami uczniów ze spektrum zaburzeń autystycznych w edukacji

Author(s): Marta Wilk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (69)/2023

The article concerns children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who attend mainstream school as part of inclusive education, and discusses the role of parent-teacher collaboration. ASD is a highly heterogeneous disorder with symptoms manifested differently across subgroups of children. Symptoms may vary from milder forms, in- cluding high-functioning autism, to severe autism spectrum disor- ders, where the affected children do not speak. The article describes behavioral patterns of children with ASD, including the triad of impairment: impaired communication, impaired social interactions, and restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviors or interests. Inclusive education requires parent-teacher collaboration based on shared goals and community values, which results in good partnership, mutual help and information exchange. Parents know very well the reactions and specific problems of their children, while teachers can provide professional assistance in solving complex educational problems re- sulting from the unique, individual needs of a child. Because of that, parent-teacher collaboration is crucial for successful and effective in- clusive education.

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Factitious disorders - a clinical and therapeutic challenge

Author(s): Ilinca UNTU,Mădălina Dumitrița Prihor,Diana Cătălina Bancu,Alexandra Bolos,Roxana Chiriță / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

Factitious disorder represents a category of mental disorders still insufficiently known and diagnosed, which requires more studies and research for a better understanding of all its social and psychological characteristics and to discover a treatment that is as suitable for patients. Also, the positive diagnosis is often very difficult to be establish and not only psychiatrists are involved, but also other medical specialties or health professionals, with an impact on the general population by all the consequences and the costs. This is because patients can present only with physical symptoms or only with mental symptoms or with both. The association with other medical conditions or other mental disorders, which must be diagnosed and treated as early as possible, must also be taken into account. The prognosis is generally reserved, and the therapeutic options are still discussed among the specialists. That's why in this paper we present an overview, regarding the information provided by the specialized literature on this subject.

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Личност и алекситимия

Author(s): Lubomira Tsvetkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The purpose of this publication is to provide an overview of the relationship between certain personality traits and alexithymia. Alexithymia is a personality characteristic that defines a deficit in cognitive abilities for emotional regulation. Multiple studies present data on the negative consequences on the mental and somatic health of individuals with high levels of alexithymia. Therapeutic resistance has been demonstrated in such patients, as well as difficulties in close interpersonal relationships. Data on the relationship of alexithymia with personality traits according to the Big Five model, the Dark Triad, and the attachment style are also presented. The presence of alexithymia in the general population and in relation to different demographic factors is explored. The overview aims to open up space for the development of research questions that can support a more in-depth study of the construct.

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За един забравен свят

Author(s): Vesela Krusteva-Simeonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

"We don't know what causes it, and as far as we know, the only way to make sure it doesn't develop is to die young. Regular exercise and a sensible diet are a good idea, but not a guarantee. There is no cure." That's how writer Terry Pratchett, diagnosed at 59, talks about his disease, Alzheimer's. A startling statistic is that the number of seniors with dementia around the world will grow from about 57.4 million in 2019 to 152.8 million by 2050. The massive physical, emotional, financial and psychological pressure causes great stress for family members who take care of relatives with dementia. These people are even referred to as the 'invisible third-party patients'. Family caregivers often have to balance taking care of the ill with their own work, raising children and personal relationships. As a result, in many cases taking care of someone with dementia is more stressful and overwhelming than taking care of someone with a physical disability, and the COVID pandemic – a top priority for doctors and the focus of policymakers and the public – is having an adverse impact on preventing and helping those with dementia.

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Последиците от пандемията от ковид-19 за психичното здраве на деца и възрастни

Author(s): Dimitar Bogdanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

This article is dedicated to outlining the emergence of a new phenomenon in the world – the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus which is responsible for the covid-19 disease. It discusses the consequences of this dangerous virus. Steps are proposed to preserve the physical and mental health of people.

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COUNSELING FRAMEWORK, SPECIFICALLY AIMED AT ALEXITHYMIA, AND TAILORED TO AFFECTIVE VALENCE: PRECISE ASSESSMENT AS A KEY

Author(s): Tanya Dimitrova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

There are numerous studies regarding therapy for high alexithymia, however, they share two limitations: the interventions studied are usually not specifically targeting alexithymia and those mentioning the valence of the emotion are rare. This could be partially due to the lack of precise measurement and diagnostics procedure. This paper aims to fill this gap by focusing on diagnostics as a fundamental first step and building on it a counseling framework specifically aimed at alexithymia and tailored to the affective valence. This is the first research in Bulgaria that, through confirmatory factor analyses, studies two of the most widely used alexithymia self-reports – PAQ and TAS-20, comparing the psychometric properties of the Bulgarian translations and analyzing their applicability in terms of mental health and therapy. The sample (N=360) filled PAQ, TAS-20, anxiousness, anhedonia, depression, and life satisfaction scales. Data suggest that PAQ and TAS-20 are valid and reliable instruments. Both may have wide application in screening and research, but as far as clinical decision making, PAQ seems to posses better psychometric properties. Furthermore PAQ`s more differentiated assessment might be of higher contribution since it was found that affective valence is an independent predictor of anhedonia and depression. Life satisfaction was unrelated to PAQ and negatively correlated to TAS-20, suggesting that the widely accepted assumption that alexithymia is associated with lower life satisfaction might be due to measurement specifics. Based on literature review and empirical data from this paper, counseling framework specifically aimed at alexithymia and tailored to the affective valence is proposed.

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COVID-19 PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS ON TWO DISTINCT VULNERABLE GROUPS: A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH ON PARENTS WITH SMALL CHILDREN AND CHRONICALLY ILL PEOPLE IN BULGARIA

Author(s): Valentina Dolmova,Polimira Miteva / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2023

This article outlines the major psychological effects and responses that the COVID-19 pandemic evoked in two important, vulnerable groups within the Bulgarian society: parents with young children up to 12 years of age and people struggling with chronic illness(es). The experiences of 30 study participants, were captured via interviews, conducted between March 2020 - January 2022. They uncover the psychological implications COVID-19 had on subjects and confirmed consistency with studies conducted in other countries around the globe. The main negative effects for the group of parents included 1/ stress, 2/ anxiety, and 3/ mood swings. The positive, on the other hand, involved 1/ improved and/or strengthened relationships, and 2/ mobilization of psychological resources. Similarly, the negative psychological effects for those, suffering from a chronic illness, were: 1/ increased levels of stress, 2/ heightened anxiety, and 3/ an acute sense of vulnerability, among others. The positive entailed 1/ elevated focus on personal sense of meaning and 2/ feelings of closeness with family members. The findings from an exploratory, qualitative study, using semi-structured, calendar interviews are shared, together with recommendations on future crisis management.

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L’image et le cauchemar

Author(s): David Bernard / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2023

The present article questions, starting from the teaching of Jacques Lacan, the particularities of the image in the nightmare, and in what way does this lead to a certain awakening of the subject. We will also try to underline how several works by David Lynch, very close to the structure of the nightmare, express this mechanism in their own specific approach.

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Исторически и съвременни аспекти на трудотерапията и творческите методи в социалната работа

Author(s): Plamen Kolev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article traces the dynamics and development of creative methods and occupational therapy in social work as specific mechanisms for supporting vulnerable clients, forming their skills and attitudes. In recent years, there has been a significant expansion of the range of different forms and areas of use of therapeutic approaches in medical, preventive and rehabilitation practice. Dynamics are observed in the approaches to impact and support in the field of social work, education and access to employment for vulnerable persons and users of social services.

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Rola arteterapii w rozwoju dziecka z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu uczęszczającego do szkoły podstawowej – metoda indywidualnych przypadków

Author(s): Ewa Nieckarz,Eulalia Adasiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The article aims to provide an insight into the role of art therapy in the development of a child with autism spectrum disorders. The research shows that bothparents and therapists recognise the importance of participation in art therapyactivities for the social and emotional sphere of the child. Thanks to art therapy,children develop their assertiveness and interests, learn to cooperate in a group andto respect the rules of society. In addition, research has confirmed the effectiveness of the effects of art therapy on the cognitive development of a child with autism, including, in particular: attention, creative and reproductive thinking and imagination.

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SPECIFICITIES IN THE PSYCHOLOGICAL PROFILE OF THE VISUALLY DISABLED CHILD

Author(s): Adriana Ciobanu,Liudmila Iagușevschi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2023

Visual disability (blindness or amblyopia) causes serious deviations in mental development. Visual disability disrupts the balance of the body and the environment, which creates a number of significant features in the development and manifestations of psychic processes. The defect of mental development itself in the visual disability includes a primary defect - an underdevelopment of the visual analyzer and secondary defects - disorders of perception, thinking, speech, memory, attention, special personality characteristics, changes in the behavioral-affective sphere, the reduced degree of maturation affective and social adaptation, especially at young ages, at the beginning of schooling. Thus, visual pathology inevitably leads to certain negative changes in the mental development of the visually impaired. In order for the correctional impact to be effective, and for growth and education in the family and in educational institutions to be favorable, teachers, psychologists and parents must know specifics in the psychological profile of visual impairments.

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THE IMPLICATIONS OF NON-ADAPTIVE CONDUCTS IN THE PERSONALITY’S DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Gabriela Leuțanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2023

Maladaptive behavior represents that type of behavior which prevents an individual from functionally adjusting to or coping with potentially stressing situations. Human behavior bears the imprint of personality traits that have been modeled by neuropsychological structures influenced by the early childhood times when the personality starts developing. It is the incongruence between the individual’s response to the expectations of their environment and these expectations that turns their behavior into a maladaptive one. In literature, risk factors have been operationalized in order to find what exactly leads to this kind of behavior, as well as the manner in which they interact with individual’s internal psychological structure that results in maladaptive behavior. Preventive methods have been developed in this respect and they include interventions at different levels of life, both at family, social, biological level, and psychological and educational one.

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ZLOUPOTREBA PSIHIJATRIJE: MERA BEZBEDNOSTI KAO SREDSTVO REPRESIJE U SOCIJALISTIČKOJ JUGOSLAVIJI

Author(s): Simo M. Ilić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1-2/2023

In the paper, the author studies the abuse of psychiatry in SFR Yugosla¬via, which consists in imposing a security measure of mandatory psychiatric tre¬atment and custody in a health institution on perpetrators of political crimes. This method is very complex and it involves a large number of organizations and professions required for its application. The author focused his analysis on three crimes that led to the imposition of security measures, namely hostile propagan¬da, damage to the reputation of the SFRY and the spread of false news, as well as criminal regulations on security measures for mandatory psychiatric treatment. The research is focused on the following questions: (1) political offenses in the le¬gal system of the SFRY, (2) an overview of cases in which a security measure was imposed due to a political offense, (3) an analysis of the process, (4) conditions for the maintenance of the security measure and (5) political pressure and release. The focus of the work is on the analysis of individual cases in which a se¬curity measure was imposed due to a political offense, as well as the problems that arise in the application of this institute: problems of the possibility of com¬mitting a verbal offense in an insane state, problems of qualification, problems of expert testimony. The author concludes that the application of this legal in¬stitute in practice was not common in the SFRY, but this method is significant due to its complexity and the involvement of a large number of organizations and professions required for its application: it would start from the police, thro¬ugh the courts and expert authorities, ending in the prison hospital, and the role of the ex officio defense attorney is not without importance in its application.

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