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An Overlooked Group in the Psychosocial Care in Breast Cancer: Spouses

Author(s): Gülsah Yildiz,Duygu Hiçdurmaz / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Breast cancer directly affects women physically, psychologically and socially in the process of diagnosis, treatment and post-treatment, leads to the deterioration of psychosocial adaptation, and affects the family and social relations negatively. The family, which is an important source of support in the breast cancer process, can face the same psychosocial troubles with women. The results of the research show that the most preferred source of support in families is spouses and their quality of life is lower than the other family members.Psychosocial care which is biasedly solely canalized to women by the healthcare professionals often overlooked their spouses and leads to be received inadequate support by them. In this context with the awaring of the psychosocial problems spouses facing, it is important to include spouses to psychosocial care which healthcare professionals provide to women with breast cancer. In this article, it is aimed to raise awareness about psychosocial problems experienced by the spouses of breast cancer patients as a mostly neglected group and possible interventions.

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Anksiozni i depresivni poremećaji ‒ jedan, dva ili tri poremećaja

Author(s): Zdenka Novovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2004

The study deals with theoretical psychiatric proposals about relations between anxiety and depressive disorders. Three theoretical positions developed on the basis of numerous evidence on relationship of anxiety and depressive disorders: unitaristic (anxious and depressive disorders represent one disorder with different clinical pictures or phases of the disorder), pluralistic (there are two classes of disorders with clearly recognizable boundaries) and anxious-depressive position (mixed anxious-depressive disorder represents also a single disorder). Possible reasons for antagonisms, connections (i.e. lack of connections) to some proposals of psychologists are commented upon, as well as the significance of this problem for classification of mental disorders in general.

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Anksiyete Bozukluklarında Sanal Gerçeklik

Author(s): Elif Üzümcü,Burçin Akin,Hüseyin Nergiz,Müjgan Inözü,Ufuk Çelikcan / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 1/2018

Virtual reality is a relatively new exposure tool that uses three-dimensional computer-graphics-based technologies which allow the individual to feel as if they are physically inside the virtual environment by misleading their senses. As virtual reality studies have become popular in the field of clinical psychology in recent years, it has been observed that virtual-reality-based therapies have a wide range of application areas, especially on anxiety disorders. Studies indicate that virtual reality can be more realistic than mental imagery and can create a stronger feeling of “presence”; that it is a safer starting point compared to in vivo exposure; and that it can be applied in a more practical and controlled manner. The aim of this review is to investigate exposure studies based on virtual reality in anxiety disorders (specific phobias, panic disorder and agoraphobias, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia), posttraumatic stress disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder.

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Anthropologische Psychiatrie. Eine Referenz der Kępiński-Rezeption?

Author(s): Thomas Reuster / Language(s): German / Issue: 28/2016

It is suggested to link Antoni Kępiński to the vicinity of the so-called Anthropological Psychiatry. This hypothesis is supported by his criticism of psychiatric objectivity, his personally committed style of psychotherapy and his assumption that mental sanity and illness is based on a constitutive value-based condition according to the model of information metabolism. This paper examines the most important criteria of his psychiatric work and research in contrast to Humanistic Psychology. The provisional conclusion that Kępiński and Anthropological Psychiatry are in accordance cannot be fully justified. However, with a broader concept of anthropological psychiatry it is possible to integrate Kępiński's views.

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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN ROMANIA –AN ECONOMIC AND MEDICAL CHALLENGE -

Author(s): Bogdan Catalin Aluculesei / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2017

The use of antibiotics, without regard to the importance of first obtaining a prescription, is one of the current challenges, both in health and economic terms. At the global level, resistance to different classes of antibiotics is developing at an alarming rate, and the effects over time are worrying. Romania is one of the European countries facing this problem at the macro level, with the latest statistical data exposing this alarming situation. The lack of basic knowledge of the population regarding the purchase of medication and the habit of administering treatment without the clinician’s advice make this situation difficult to improve. This article discusses the importance of adequate education in antibiotic use, proposing concrete measures to improve the current situation. This study is based on results obtained by the author in previous research on antibiotic resistance in children diagnosed with unitary tract infection in the Braşov area. Thus, the need to apply the proposed solutions is based on the reality found in hospitals

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Antisocial behavior: Dimension or category(ies)?

Author(s): Mikloš Biro,Snežana Smederevac,Zdenka Novovic / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2008

Classificatory systems (DSM-IV, ICD-10) use different criteria for defining a rather common antisocial disorder, traditionally referred as psychopathy. Most empirical studies of this phenomenon use Cleckley’s operational definition that was applied and amended in Hare’s revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R). In modern literature, the fact that there is less than a perfect correspondence between classificatory systems and Hare’s PCL-R is often cited as an indication that antisocial behavior is not confined to a distinct category of people but is rather a continuous personality dimension. In order to further elucidate the nosology of antisocial behaviors, a Psychopathy Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ) based on Cleckley – Hare’s criteria and consisting of 40 binary items was administered to 339 men (135 prisoners and 204 members of the general population). Four distinct clusters of respondents were identified by means of hierarchical cluster analysis: Psychopathic type (characterized by high positive scores on dimension of Unemotionality; Antisocial type (characterized by high positive scores on Social deviance dimension); Adapted type (characterized by negative scores on all dimensions); and Hyper-controlled type (characterized by extremely negative scores on dimension Social deviance accompanied with positive scores on Unemotionality dimension). Additional comparison with MMPI profiles which classified prison sample in two groups (“Psychopathic profiles” and “NonPsychopathic profiles”) shows that there is no expected compatibility between MMPI and PAQ. We conclude that Antisocial type can be treated as a distinct category, while Psychopathic type displays characteristics of dimensional distribution.

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Antoni Kępiński's Philosophy of Medicine - an alternative reading

Author(s): Jakub Zawila-Niedzwiecki / Language(s): English / Issue: 28/2016

Antoni Kępiński remains an often read and quoted author even 40 years after his premature death. Usually he is read in the context of his times and his connections with contemporary philosophy. This paper aims to show other aspects of his reflections on psychiatry. His views on the position of psychiatry within medicine, its methods, psychophysical problems, and other issues are compared with current knowledge and current thought paradigms. The goal is to show that while Kępiński was obviously functioning within a different scientific and philosophical paradigm many of his ideas and reflections can still be found within current debates. The important conclusion is to not hold on to the views that Kępiński held himself because he did not know as much as we do, but to see the importance of the debates that he foresaw even then and possibly learn something from his extensive clinical experience.

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Anxious attachment and excessive acquisition: The mediating roles of anthropomorphism and distress intolerance

Author(s): Melissa M. Norberg,Cassandra Crone,Cathy Kwok,Jessica R. Grisham / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

Most individuals with hoarding disorder (HD) are prone to excessively acquiring new possessions. Understanding the factors that contribute to this collecting behavior will allow us to develop better treatment approaches for HD. The aim of this study was to test our assumption that an anxious attachment style is associated with a tendency to anthropomorphize comforting objects and an inability to tolerate distress, which in turn leads to excessive acquisition. Methods: A total of 361 participants with subclinical to clinical acquisition problems (77.8% female) completed a series of self-report measures. Results: As expected, greater anxious attachment was related to greater distress intolerance and stronger tendencies to anthropomorphize inanimate objects. In turn, greater distress intolerance and anthropomorphism were related to more excessive buying and greater acquisition of free items. Examination of the pathways and indirect effects showed support for double mediation rather than serial mediation, as distress intolerance did not predict anthropomorphism. Discussion and conclusion: These novel findings, if replicated, suggest that adding treatment modules that target improving distress tolerance and reducing anthropomorphism to standard treatment for HD may lead to further reductions in excessive acquiring.

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Art therapy in nursing

Author(s): Gergana Avramova-Todorova / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Illness, emotions, art and therapy – is there a connection between them? Is there a significant bond betweennursing and art therapy and if there is one, how can we put it in practice?The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine.New molecular and pharmacological tools have made it possible to identify the network that exists between theimmune system and the brain, and allows the two system to signal each other continuously and rapidly. Disruptionof this communication in any way exacerbates the diseases that the immune system guards against. Itis getting clear now for scientists how signals from the immune system can affect the brain and the emotionaland physical responses it controls: the molecular basis of feeling sick. In all this, the boundaries between mindand body are beginning to blur.The significance of these findings seems promising to extend the range of therapeutic treatments available forvarious disorders.Nursing, as identified with keeping care for the patients during the process of healing, is facing the challengeto create and maintain a relationship with the patients. And this unity between nurses and patients should bebuilt on the base of commitment, compassion, good will and empathy. The art of nursing is the heart of caring.It is obvious in recent years, that there are great benefits in asking patients to connect themselves in any kind ofart therapy. Artistic expression is an activity that involves the brain in ways that can be used to enhance therapeutictreatment and evaluation.This article is showing that there is a bond between illness and emotions, and that art therapeutic methods canbe used in nursing, in order to achieve better results in the process of healing.Using art therapeutic methods in nursing practice gives a way to improve the well-being of the patients, to createa relationship filled with empathy, courage and compassion.

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Asertivni trening: Efekti tretmana, održivost promena i udeo terapeuta u terapijskom ishodu

Author(s): Snežana Tovilovic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2005

In this research is shown part of results concerning evaluation study of group assertiveness training. Treatment, which has been organized as structured program of assertiveness training, has been applied on 18 groups of subjects during 9 group sessions. This treatment has been adjusted to non-psychiatric clients from our country. Groups were lead by two therapists. During 20 months of our research 215 voluntary participants of full age have joined training groups. Final sample consisted of 158 subjects who had finished treatment and who had fulfilled criteria for taking repeated measurement. Subjects had taken battery of questionnaires before the treatment and eight weeks after they had completed treatment. Subsample, which included 35 subjects from one therapist’s groups, took retest after twice longer time period. Results of conducted research have confirmed the hypothesis concerning the potentiality of assertiveness training to produce expected and significant improvements of treated subjects. Therapy effect is found on symptomatic level through reduction of symptoms of non-assertive behaviors, which were target of the treatment. Contrary to expectation interactive effect of treatment and therapist to reduction of symptoms of non-assertive behavior has been found, which implies need for further investigation of variables that are related to therapists. Through the medium of treatment therapeutic changes in structural level, in domain of general assertiveness, social anxiety and treated subjects' self-concept are produced. The effect of therapy we might consider stabled and maintained after 16 weeks of finishing the treatment.

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Assessing the symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder among college/university students: An international validation study of a self-report

Author(s): Dejan Stevanovic,Ana Ðoric,Yatan Pal Singh Balhara,Nikola Cirovic,Sidharth Arya,Ramdas Ransing,Tuong Vi Vu Thi,Truong Ngoc Huong,Ivana Tadic,Jelena Jovic,Saša Radovanovic,Helin Yilmaz Kafali,Zahir Vally,Mita Rani Roy Chowdhury,Pawan Sharma,Rabi Shakya,Paulo Moreira,Atilola Olayinka,Avicenna Mohamad,Luís Antônio Monteiro Campos,Pedro de Abreu Monteiro Campos,Cristiane Moreira Silva,Jose Carlos Tavares,Massimiliano Buoli,Julius Burkauskas,Iva Ivanovic,Anna Rebeka Szczegielniak,Rajna Knez / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of a self-report scale for assessing Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) symptoms according to the DSM–5 and ICD–11 among 3270 college/univers ity students (2095 [64.1%] females; age mean 21.6 [3.1] years) from different countries worldwide. Croatian, English, Polish, Portuguese, Serbian, Turkish, and Vietnamese versions of the scale were tested. The study showed that symptoms of IGD could be measured as a single underlying factor among college/university students. A nine itemsymptom scale following DSM–5, and a short four-item scale representing the main ICD–11 symptoms, had sound internal consistency and construct validity. Three symptom-items were found non-invariant across the language samples (i.e., preoccupation with on-line gaming, loss of interests in previous hobbies and entertainment, and the use of gaming to relieve negative moods). This study provides initial evidence for assessing IGD symptoms among college/university students and will hopefully foster further research into gaming addiction in this population worldwide especially with taking into account language/cultural differences.

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Association between maladaptive sleep hygiene behaviors and sleep quality in the general population

Author(s): Clara Sancho-Domingo,José Luis Carballo,Ainhoa Coloma-Carmona,,Jesús Rodríguez-Marín / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Prevalence of sleep problems has grown globally in recent years and sleep hygiene recommendations have shown inconsistent results. This study aims to analyze the quality of sleep in a non-clinical population and its association with maladaptive sleep hygiene. A total of 465 participants, with median age of 35 years (Interquartile range – IQR =28–44), completed the Sleep Hygiene Practices Scale (SHPS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Sample was divided into good quality sleepers (GQS; 52.7%, n = 245) and poor quality sleepers (PQS; 47.3%, n = 220). Comparison tests showed PQS had significant higher scores on SHPS (M = 61; IQR = 55–68, p < .01) compared with GQS (M = 68; IQR = 62–74). A logistic regression model indicated that only cognitive-arousal behaviors and inconsistent bedtimes were significant to classify poor sleep (R2 = .35; p < .01). In conclusion, poor sleep quality is common among healthy individuals and strongly associated with pre-sleep cognitive activity. This suggests that interventions aiming to improve sleep quality should consider strategies that would retract attention from concerns and worries at bedtime.

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Association of attachment disorganization, attachment-related emotion regulation, and cortisol response after standardized psychosocial stress procedure: A pilot study

Author(s): Katja Petrowski,Andrea Beetz,Susan Schurig,Gloria-Beatrice Wintermann,Anna Buchheim / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Attachment representations are related to maintaining biological homeostasis, including physiological stress and emotional regulation. Therefore, recent research has focused on attachment stress regulation and hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. However, the attachment disorganization underlying emotion regulation associated with the HPA axis response has not yet been investigated. In our study, the attachment representation and the HPA-axis reactivity by cortisol level before and after the Trier Social Stress Test were assessed in a sample of 98 healthy non-clinical subjects. As expected, approximately 30% of this sample showed a disorganized attachment representation. The subjects’ unresolved attachment (breakdown of emotional regulation) showed a prolonged cortisol recovery. No differences were found between the attachment patterns in the increase and the delta of the cortisol response. However, the cortisol reactivity differed significantly for the occurrence of emotional regulation. The subjects with a high occurrence of attachment-related emotion regulation showed a higher cortisol response than the subjects with an unresolved attachment and the ones with a low occurrence of attachment-related emotion regulation. Regulating the negative emotions of stressful situations may require more attention as it might lead to an increased activation of the physiological system.

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Atsparumo psichologinei traumai vidinių veiksnių teorinė analizė

Author(s): Ruth Reches,Jolanta Sondaite / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2/2014

Scientific Problem. The study of the phenomenon of resilience to trauma within the framework of positive psychology has been started relatively recently and has received quite controversial evaluations. Some scientists recognize the resilience to trauma as a feature, whilst the others – as a process or even as a result. All researchers agree that there are internal and external resilience factors which help in coping with trauma. Scientists distinguish different internal resilience factors. A more thorough analysis of the concept of the psychological trauma resilience and the empirical research could help to transform the theoretical knowledge into practical methods more effectively, such as creation of interventional and preventive programmes for psychological resilience to trauma. Research Subject. The research subject is the internal factors of resilience to trauma. Goals of the Research. Goals of the research include to carry out a critical review of the concept of the internal factors of resilience to psychological trauma, integrate the ideas arising from the empirical research results related to the internal factors of resilience. Research Method. The method of theoretical analysis, i.e. comparison and summarizing of scientific literature and interpretation of data, has been applied by the author. Results and Conclusions. The analysis of the empirical research based upon different theoretical paradigms and related to the internal psychological factors of resilience to trauma allowed distinguishing the following internal factors of resilience to trauma: hardiness, ego-resilience, self-esteem, self-image, control, hope, attachment. Also, it allowed determining that the factors distinguished may be of three different types: 1) factors that help to overcome the trauma; 2) factors protecting from the adverse effects of the trauma; 3) factors helping to accept a traumatic event as a challenge and an opportunity to grow.

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Attachment and Posttraumatic Symptomatology Following Physical Injury Accidents

Author(s): Florian Juen,Verena Rattensberger,Anna Buchheim / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

This study investigates the association between attachment and posttraumatic symptoms in adults immediately after a physical injury accident (assessed after 1 week and 3 months). We expect to find higher percentage of attachment dysregulation and higher symptomatic response (BSI and PDS) of disorganized individuals. We introduce Personal Experience as a representational marker for high attachment anxiety and preoccupation with one’s own distress that blurs and potentially dissolves the capacity to maintain self-other boundaries under stress. 65 patients were administered the Adult attachment Projective Picture System. Results show that attachment disorganization appears more frequent than in healthy individuals and is related to stronger symptomatology. Personal Experience showed good prediction for symptoms after 3 months. This could be important to identify individuals in need for crisis intervention support.

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Attachment disorganization in different clinical groups: what underpins unresolved attachment?

Author(s): Florian Juen,Lisa Arnold,Dominik Meissner,Tobias Nolte,Anna Buchheim / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2013

This paper summarizes findings and clinical implications of research on attachment disorganization in diverse clinical groups. Disorganized/unresolved attachment is overrepresented in these groups compared to healthy control participants, but disorder-specific characteristics of this attachment pattern are still poorly understood. The focus of this study was to explore defensive processes in participants whose narratives were classified as disorganized/unresolved using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). Besides the predominance of disorganized attachment, clinical participants demonstrated more “segregated system material” especially in stories representing aloneness and more “Personal Experience material” compared to healthy individuals. Within the disorganized/ unresolved clinical individuals, BPD and PTSD patients showed the highest proportion of attachment disorganization and were less able to use other attachment-related defenses to maintain organized. Furthermore, PTSD patients were emotionally overwhelmed by the projective attachment scenes compared to the other clinical groups as indexed by an incapacity to complete sections of the AAP. BPD and addicted patients were characterized by a high degree of self-other boundary confusion. Depressive and schizophrenic patients showed a high overall defensive intensity to remain organized.

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Attitudes towards euthanasia in the context of fear of death among physiotherapists and caregivers of patients with paresis

Author(s): Alicja Glebocka / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Background: The permissibility of euthanasia raises many moral dilemmas, dividing the general public on thismatter. Attitudes towards euthanasia depend on socio-cultural (age, beliefs) and individual factors (personalitytraits or working in medical professions).Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to establish attitudes towards euthanasia and the level of anxietybefore death among people in close contact with persons suffering from paresis. The hypotheses assumed thatcontact with disabled patients, who require constant care, and the type of such contact, modify the perceivedfear of death and attitudes towards euthanasia.Material and methods: Two clinical groups were involved in the study: physiotherapists dealing with strokerehabilitation, family caregivers permanently taking care of close relatives of cerebral stroke survivors. Theresults of the two groups were compared to those of the control group, who were individuals with no personalexperience in the care of patients with paresis. Attitudes towards euthanasia were measured in three dimensions:information support, liberal attitudes and conservative attitudes.Results: The results showed no intergroup differences in two dimensions: liberal attitude and the fear of death.Physiotherapists were the least conservative in their attitudes in comparison to other participants and theyappreciated the information support more than participants from the control group. Conclusions: The results indicated that everyday contact with the patients suffering from paresis can increase conservative attitudes toward euthanasia but only among caregivers

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Autismus jako společenskovědní téma

Author(s): Michael Geisler / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2016

Knowledge on autism has undergone a rapid development over the past few decades, as well as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis rates increasing dramatically. These changes emphasize the need for increased services and wider specialised support for people with ASD and their families. Autism is not only a medical, psychological or special pedagogical topic it is also a social issue. There have been several sociological studies on the topic conducted abroad, however the Czech case is specific in several aspects due to the political-cultural context of the country. Apart from a few exceptions, the topic has not been reflected in Czech social science. The present paper will introduce five approaches to autism based on research which has been conducted abroad and will also discuss to which extent they are applicable in the Czech Republic. The ideas presented are a multidisciplinary combination of sociology of knowledge, historical sociology, sociology of health and illness, cultural anthropology and disability studies. The subtopics discussed include: the social construction of autism, the development of knowledge on autism, social movements related to autism, autism across cultures and lastly, causes of the increasing prevalence of autism.

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Badanie procesu terapii uzależnień: rola niespecyficznych czynników terapii

Author(s): T. Cameron Wild,Judy Wolfe / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

A review of modern methods of treating addictions, the effectiveness of which had been confirmed in rigorous scientific studies. The publication is aimed at people providing treatment for addicted individuals and also for those preparing to obtain appropriate certifications (specialists in addiction psychotherapy and addiction therapy instructors, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, family doctors and clinicians whose patients can be people with addictions), scientists studying the mechanisms and efficiency of addiction therapy, as well as addicted individuals and their loved ones.

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Barriers to Female Sex Addiction Treatment in the UK

Author(s): Manpreet K. Dhuffar,Mark D. Griffiths / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

Over the last 20 years, behavioral addictions (e.g., addictions to gambling, playing video games, work, etc.) have become more accepted among both public and scientific communities. Addiction to sex is arguably a more controversial issue, but this does not take away from the fact that some individuals seek professional help for problematic excessive sex, irrespective of how the behavior is conceptualized. Empirical evidence suggests that among treatment seekers, men are more likely than women to seek help for sex addiction (SA). Methods: Using the behavioral addiction literature and the authors’ own expertise in researching female SA, this paper examines potential barriers to the treatment for female sex addicts. Results: Four main types of barriers for female sex addicts not seeking treatment were identified. These comprised (a) individual barriers, (b) social barriers, (c) research barriers, and (d) treatment barriers. Conclusions: Further research is needed to either confirm or disconfirm the identified barriers that female sex addicts face when seeking treatment, and if conformation is found, interested stakeholders should provide better awareness and/or see ways in which such barriers can be overcome to aid better uptake of SA services.

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