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An analysis of complex sentence structures in patients with schizophrenia

Author(s): Aysegul Ozcan,Gulmira Kuruoglu,Koksal Alptekin,Sumru Ozsoy / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Patients with schizophrenia often display unusual language impairments and these abnormalities in language are among the most extreme and obvious symptoms in Schizophrenia Disorder. In this context, this research attempts to analyze and compare the schizophrenic patients' and control group's speech in terms of complex sentence structures. Fifty patients with schizophrenia diagnosed according to DSM-IV criteria have been includedd in the study and compared to fifty healthy subjects matched for age, sex and education level with the patients. The subjects' speech has been evaluated in four stages. These are narration, story picture sequencing, semi-structured speech and free speech. The data consists of 8-10 minute recorded interviews. The recordings have been transcribed based on DuBois' Discourse Transcription Symbols. The statistical and linguistic analyses have shown significant differences between complex sentence types' of patients with schizophrenia and healthy subjects'. The findings have demonstrated that due to the possible cognitive problems the speech produced by schizophrenia patients is syntactically less complex than that of controls. Additionally, patients with schizophrenia use shorter and simple sentences instead of complex sentences compared to healthy subjects.

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An Example of a Model for Practicing Community Mental Health Nursing: Recovery

Author(s): Beyhan Bag / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2018

There are some uncertainties about the services that will be offered to patients with mental disorders in the community mental health centers opened in our country. One-fourth of the employees in these centers are nurses. This is an important figure that could affect the quality of the services offered. In order to improve the quality of the services offered, nurses need models that can be applied in the field. In this sense, “Recovery” model, is a model that is quite suitable for the community mental health services which centers the individual as a part of its basic philosophy. The aim of this study is to define the “Recovery” model and to discuss it as model for the treatment and maintenance of patients by nurses working in community mental health centers.

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An Investigation of Developmental Goals and Well-Being in Emerging Adulthood

Author(s): Deniz Kurt,Zehra Uçanok / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

The main purpose of this study is to investigate emerging adulthood from a goal-setting perspective in the frame of a developmental regulation model. The sample consisted of 396 participants aged between 18 and 30 years. The participants were administered a battery that consisted of Self-Esteem Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, Loneliness Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory and questions to determine their life goals and appraisals of these goals. Both future and pasts goals were assessed. Qualitative data analysis indicated that emerging adults’ future goals were mostly related to occupation, education and family and their previous goals were frequently related to education and occupation. Furthermore, older or engaged/married participants stated goals related to family, while single participants most frequently stated goals related with occupation. The study revealed that life satisfaction of the goal engagement participants was significantly higher than those of the goal striving participants. The results showed that young adults set goals appropriate to properties of their developmental period. Furthermore, the results were emphasized the importance of goal appraisals and goal engagement for emerging adults’ well-being.

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An Overlooked Group in the Psychosocial Care in Breast Cancer: Spouses

Author(s): Gülşah Yıldız,Duygu Hiçdurmaz / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Breast cancer directly affects women physically, psychologically and socially in the process of diagnosis, treatment and post-treatment, leads to the deterioration of psychosocial adaptation, and affects the family and social relations negatively. The family, which is an important source of support in the breast cancer process, can face the same psychosocial troubles with women. The results of the research show that the most preferred source of support in families is spouses and their quality of life is lower than the other family members.Psychosocial care which is biasedly solely canalized to women by the healthcare professionals often overlooked their spouses and leads to be received inadequate support by them. In this context with the awaring of the psychosocial problems spouses facing, it is important to include spouses to psychosocial care which healthcare professionals provide to women with breast cancer. In this article, it is aimed to raise awareness about psychosocial problems experienced by the spouses of breast cancer patients as a mostly neglected group and possible interventions.

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Anksiozni i depresivni poremećaji ‒ jedan, dva ili tri poremećaja

Author(s): Zdenka Novović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2004

The study deals with theoretical psychiatric proposals about relations between anxiety and depressive disorders. Three theoretical positions developed on the basis of numerous evidence on relationship of anxiety and depressive disorders: unitaristic (anxious and depressive disorders represent one disorder with different clinical pictures or phases of the disorder), pluralistic (there are two classes of disorders with clearly recognizable boundaries) and anxious-depressive position (mixed anxious-depressive disorder represents also a single disorder). Possible reasons for antagonisms, connections (i.e. lack of connections) to some proposals of psychologists are commented upon, as well as the significance of this problem for classification of mental disorders in general.

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Anksiyete Bozukluklarında Sanal Gerçeklik

Author(s): Elif Üzümcü,Burçin Akın,Hüseyin Nergiz,Müjgan İnözü,Ufuk Çelikcan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2018

Virtual reality is a relatively new exposure tool that uses three-dimensional computer-graphics-based technologies which allow the individual to feel as if they are physically inside the virtual environment by misleading their senses. As virtual reality studies have become popular in the field of clinical psychology in recent years, it has been observed that virtual-reality-based therapies have a wide range of application areas, especially on anxiety disorders. Studies indicate that virtual reality can be more realistic than mental imagery and can create a stronger feeling of “presence”; that it is a safer starting point compared to in vivo exposure; and that it can be applied in a more practical and controlled manner. The aim of this review is to investigate exposure studies based on virtual reality in anxiety disorders (specific phobias, panic disorder and agoraphobias, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia), posttraumatic stress disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder.

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Anoreksiya Nervoza’da Psikososyal Tedaviler

Author(s): Necati Serkut Bulut,Neşe Yorguner Küpeli,Gresa Çarkaxhiu Bulut,Volkan Topçuoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2017

Despite its severe morbidity and mortality, studies regarding the psychosocial treatments of anorexia nervosa are limited in number. This paper aims to present the general outlines of various psycho-social interventions developed for the treatment of anorexia nervosa and to provide an up-to-date review of the randomized-controlled studies on the effectiveness of these approaches. Reviewed studies were classified by age spectrum of samples under two main headings: adolescents and mixed samples of adults and adolescents. Specific issues about other variables were then discussed separately.

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Anthropologische Psychiatrie. Eine Referenz der Kępiński-Rezeption?

Author(s): Thomas Reuster / Language(s): German Issue: 28/2016

It is suggested to link Antoni Kępiński to the vicinity of the so-called Anthropological Psychiatry. This hypothesis is supported by his criticism of psychiatric objectivity, his personally committed style of psychotherapy and his assumption that mental sanity and illness is based on a constitutive value-based condition according to the model of information metabolism. This paper examines the most important criteria of his psychiatric work and research in contrast to Humanistic Psychology. The provisional conclusion that Kępiński and Anthropological Psychiatry are in accordance cannot be fully justified. However, with a broader concept of anthropological psychiatry it is possible to integrate Kępiński's views.

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ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN ROMANIA –AN ECONOMIC AND MEDICAL CHALLENGE -

Author(s): Bogdan Cătălin Aluculesei / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The use of antibiotics, without regard to the importance of first obtaining a prescription, is one of the current challenges, both in health and economic terms. At the global level, resistance to different classes of antibiotics is developing at an alarming rate, and the effects over time are worrying. Romania is one of the European countries facing this problem at the macro level, with the latest statistical data exposing this alarming situation. The lack of basic knowledge of the population regarding the purchase of medication and the habit of administering treatment without the clinician’s advice make this situation difficult to improve. This article discusses the importance of adequate education in antibiotic use, proposing concrete measures to improve the current situation. This study is based on results obtained by the author in previous research on antibiotic resistance in children diagnosed with unitary tract infection in the Braşov area. Thus, the need to apply the proposed solutions is based on the reality found in hospitals

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Antisocial behavior: Dimension or category(ies)?

Author(s): Mikloš Biro,Snežana Smederevac,Zdenka Novović / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2008

Classificatory systems (DSM-IV, ICD-10) use different criteria for defining a rather common antisocial disorder, traditionally referred as psychopathy. Most empirical studies of this phenomenon use Cleckley’s operational definition that was applied and amended in Hare’s revised Psychopathy Checklist (PCL-R). In modern literature, the fact that there is less than a perfect correspondence between classificatory systems and Hare’s PCL-R is often cited as an indication that antisocial behavior is not confined to a distinct category of people but is rather a continuous personality dimension. In order to further elucidate the nosology of antisocial behaviors, a Psychopathy Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ) based on Cleckley – Hare’s criteria and consisting of 40 binary items was administered to 339 men (135 prisoners and 204 members of the general population). Four distinct clusters of respondents were identified by means of hierarchical cluster analysis: Psychopathic type (characterized by high positive scores on dimension of Unemotionality; Antisocial type (characterized by high positive scores on Social deviance dimension); Adapted type (characterized by negative scores on all dimensions); and Hyper-controlled type (characterized by extremely negative scores on dimension Social deviance accompanied with positive scores on Unemotionality dimension). Additional comparison with MMPI profiles which classified prison sample in two groups (“Psychopathic profiles” and “NonPsychopathic profiles”) shows that there is no expected compatibility between MMPI and PAQ. We conclude that Antisocial type can be treated as a distinct category, while Psychopathic type displays characteristics of dimensional distribution.

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Antoni Kępiński's Philosophy of Medicine - an alternative reading

Author(s): Jakub Zawiła-Niedźwiecki / Language(s): English Issue: 28/2016

Antoni Kępiński remains an often read and quoted author even 40 years after his premature death. Usually he is read in the context of his times and his connections with contemporary philosophy. This paper aims to show other aspects of his reflections on psychiatry. His views on the position of psychiatry within medicine, its methods, psychophysical problems, and other issues are compared with current knowledge and current thought paradigms. The goal is to show that while Kępiński was obviously functioning within a different scientific and philosophical paradigm many of his ideas and reflections can still be found within current debates. The important conclusion is to not hold on to the views that Kępiński held himself because he did not know as much as we do, but to see the importance of the debates that he foresaw even then and possibly learn something from his extensive clinical experience.

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Anxious attachment and excessive acquisition: The mediating roles of anthropomorphism and distress intolerance

Author(s): Melissa M. Norberg,Cassandra Crone,Cathy Kwok,Jessica R. Grisham / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

Most individuals with hoarding disorder (HD) are prone to excessively acquiring new possessions. Understanding the factors that contribute to this collecting behavior will allow us to develop better treatment approaches for HD. The aim of this study was to test our assumption that an anxious attachment style is associated with a tendency to anthropomorphize comforting objects and an inability to tolerate distress, which in turn leads to excessive acquisition. Methods: A total of 361 participants with subclinical to clinical acquisition problems (77.8% female) completed a series of self-report measures. Results: As expected, greater anxious attachment was related to greater distress intolerance and stronger tendencies to anthropomorphize inanimate objects. In turn, greater distress intolerance and anthropomorphism were related to more excessive buying and greater acquisition of free items. Examination of the pathways and indirect effects showed support for double mediation rather than serial mediation, as distress intolerance did not predict anthropomorphism. Discussion and conclusion: These novel findings, if replicated, suggest that adding treatment modules that target improving distress tolerance and reducing anthropomorphism to standard treatment for HD may lead to further reductions in excessive acquiring.

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APPLICATION OF AN ECOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK TO CLINICAL PRACTICE WITH ADOLESCENTS: TRANSGENERATIONAL TRANSMISSION OF WAR-RELATED TRAUMA IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Author(s): Mirsad Serdarević,Senija Tahirović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

In the period between April 6, 1992 and December 14, 1995, an estimated 102,622 people were found to have died due to war-related causes in armed conflicts in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Of those killed in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina it is estimated that 54% were civilians. The war profoundly affected the civilian population, which was subjected to mass killings, the systemic use of rape and sexual violence, and the physical and psychological torture inside concentration camps. This case study paper has four aims. First, it highlights the complexity and severity of the traumatic psychological effects of the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina on its citizens, including the effects of the war on the generation born during or shortly after the war. Second, the paper proposes a heuristic in the form of a broader theoretical approach; an ecological analysis of human development (Bronfenbrenner, 1989). This approach aims to provide a framework for research and the development of intervention strategies for the adolescent children of adult war survivors who have been affected by war-related trauma. Third, the paper presents a case vignette of an adolescent to demonstrate the application of the ecological framework to clinical practice with adolescents. Finally, we explore how the current cultural, political, and societal realities in Bosnia and Herzegovina affect the population in general and the children of war survivors in particular. The transition from a state of war to peace is a long and continuous process with residual effects of violent conflicts permeating the broader society and its inhabitants, even after the war’s official end over 23 years ago. The authors argue that roles of psychologists and other mental health providers should expand beyond traditional focus on intrapsychic problems. Rather, effective treatment strategies should also include recognition of and attenuation of the larger systemic stressors that patients experience on daily basis. This could be accomplished through collaboration among psychologists and patients, patients’ families, teachers, and community members, all of whom directly or indirectly affect patients’ treatment outcomes.

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Are all features of psychopathy associated with decreased health? Psychopathy, dysfunctional family characteristics, and health problems in convicts

Author(s): Janko Međedović,Daliborka Kujačić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

Previous research suggested that psychopathy is related to diminished physical and mentalhealth. However, this link could be specific to psychopathic lifestyle and antisocial behavior,while manipulative characteristics and emotional superficiality could be unrelated or even positively related to physical and mental health. Furthermore, psychopathic features could mediate the link between detrimental family characteristics and health problems. We tested these hypotheses in a sample of male convicts (N = 224). Psychopathy was explored via a rating method (PCL–R). Dysfunctional family characteristics were extracted from participants’prison files. Finally, self-reported biographical data was used to estimate problems in physical and mental health. Behavioral psychopathy tendencies and especially impulsive and erratic behavior turned out to be positively related both to physical and mental health problems. On the other hand, Interpersonal and Affective psychopathy features were mostly unrelated or negatively related to health problems. Finally, Antisocial and especially Lifestyle characteristics turned out to be significant mediators of the link between dysfunctional family characteristics and health problems. Research results showed that narrow psychopathy facets are differentially related to health status. Psychopathic lifestyle and criminal behavior are positively related with problems in physical and mental health, while manipulative characteristics and affective shallowness are associated with better health. The results are in accordance with the concept of successful psychopathy and evolutionary accounts on psychopathy.

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Art therapy in nursing

Author(s): Gergana Avramova-Todorova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

Illness, emotions, art and therapy – is there a connection between them? Is there a significant bond betweennursing and art therapy and if there is one, how can we put it in practice?The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine.New molecular and pharmacological tools have made it possible to identify the network that exists between theimmune system and the brain, and allows the two system to signal each other continuously and rapidly. Disruptionof this communication in any way exacerbates the diseases that the immune system guards against. Itis getting clear now for scientists how signals from the immune system can affect the brain and the emotionaland physical responses it controls: the molecular basis of feeling sick. In all this, the boundaries between mindand body are beginning to blur.The significance of these findings seems promising to extend the range of therapeutic treatments available forvarious disorders.Nursing, as identified with keeping care for the patients during the process of healing, is facing the challengeto create and maintain a relationship with the patients. And this unity between nurses and patients should bebuilt on the base of commitment, compassion, good will and empathy. The art of nursing is the heart of caring.It is obvious in recent years, that there are great benefits in asking patients to connect themselves in any kind ofart therapy. Artistic expression is an activity that involves the brain in ways that can be used to enhance therapeutictreatment and evaluation.This article is showing that there is a bond between illness and emotions, and that art therapeutic methods canbe used in nursing, in order to achieve better results in the process of healing.Using art therapeutic methods in nursing practice gives a way to improve the well-being of the patients, to createa relationship filled with empathy, courage and compassion.

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Art Therapy in Patients with Psoriasis

Author(s): Aslı Sarandöl,Birgül Aydın,Hayriye Sarıcaoğlu,Arife Öz,Emel Bülbül Başkan,Selçuk Kırlı / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

This study aimed at investigating the themes that emerged after an art therapy and assessing the effectiveness of art therapy using psychological scales and dermatological evaluation indices before and after the therapy in individuals with psoriasis. The study included patients aged 18-65 with moderate psoriasis who had the disease for 5 or more years and were in need of systemic treatment. Those who had a concomitant physical disorder including another skin disease, an active joint disorder or a psychiatric diagnosis other than adjustment disorder were excluded from the study. A total of 15 sessions each lasting 150 minutes were held once a week. Various art techniques including music, painting, and ceramics were practiced to evaluate within the group patients’ understanding of the illness and their self-awareness. The outcomes of the study were presented over three patients who attended the sessions regularly. The dermatological evaluations, patient feedback, and observations of the psychotherapists have shown that art therapy can be an effective method in attenuating the symptoms of psoriasis and evoking awareness of repressed experiences or feelings.

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Arteterapie: umění léčby traumatu

Author(s): Jakub Hučín,Karin Alice Schouten / Language(s): Czech Issue: 2/2017

Interview with Karin Alice Schouten by Jakub Hučín

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As if living in a concentration camp: The experience of intimate partner violence as seen through the eyes of female victims

Author(s): Ivana Janković / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 4/2022

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the understanding of partner violence from the perspective of female victims. This study addresses intimate partner violence from a qualitative paradigm and a social constructivist approach. Data was collected from interviews with 15 female victims of violence, which was used as the basis for thematic analysis. In the contents of the subjects’ narratives, four core themes and eight sub-themes stood out. The core themes were: incident-based violence, life in the world of the perpetrator, causes of the violent behavior and justification for it, and victims taking responsibility for the violence. The results of the analysis showed that the violence experienced by these victims could not be reduced to isolated incidents. Still, it was a process that included situations and behaviors that were not subject to punishment, which kept the victim in constant fear, controlled her behavior, and made her a subordinate perpetrator. In contrast, most explanations given (by the victims) for the violent behavior had the function of justifying the perpetrators’ behavior and attributing responsibility to other agents – alcohol, mental illness, problems in the family of origin, or an external source of frustration. In certain cases, the women felt that they could be responsible for their own victimization as victims of violence. The results of the research indicate that intimate partner violence should be considered as a crime against identity and freedom, and that persons working with victims of violence should aim to deconstruct the beliefs that lead victims to find excuses for violent partner behavior, as well as to deconstruct beliefs that lead them to feel responsible for their victimization.

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Asertivni trening: Efekti tretmana, održivost promena i udeo terapeuta u terapijskom ishodu

Author(s): Snežana Tovilović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2005

In this research is shown part of results concerning evaluation study of group assertiveness training. Treatment, which has been organized as structured program of assertiveness training, has been applied on 18 groups of subjects during 9 group sessions. This treatment has been adjusted to non-psychiatric clients from our country. Groups were lead by two therapists. During 20 months of our research 215 voluntary participants of full age have joined training groups. Final sample consisted of 158 subjects who had finished treatment and who had fulfilled criteria for taking repeated measurement. Subjects had taken battery of questionnaires before the treatment and eight weeks after they had completed treatment. Subsample, which included 35 subjects from one therapist’s groups, took retest after twice longer time period. Results of conducted research have confirmed the hypothesis concerning the potentiality of assertiveness training to produce expected and significant improvements of treated subjects. Therapy effect is found on symptomatic level through reduction of symptoms of non-assertive behaviors, which were target of the treatment. Contrary to expectation interactive effect of treatment and therapist to reduction of symptoms of non-assertive behavior has been found, which implies need for further investigation of variables that are related to therapists. Through the medium of treatment therapeutic changes in structural level, in domain of general assertiveness, social anxiety and treated subjects' self-concept are produced. The effect of therapy we might consider stabled and maintained after 16 weeks of finishing the treatment.

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Aşılanmanın Psikolojik Öncülleri (5C) Ölçeği: Türkçe Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması

Author(s): Başar Demir,Sıla Demir,Ata Cantürk Doğrul / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 24/2022

5C psychological antecedents of vaccination scale was developed by Betsch et al. (2018) based on prior models. The scale measures the psychological antecedents of vaccination refusal/hesitancy in five dimensions. Existing Turkish vaccination-related scales cover only a limited aspect of hesitancy/refusal. In this study, the 5C scale’s Turkish translation, validity, and reliability analyses were performed (N=1848). Confirmatory factor analysis resulted that the model was consistent with the data indicating construct validity, and Cronbach alpha values of each dimension varied between .71 and .82, indicating good reliability. Correlations of the 5C dimensions with variables that are suggested by Betsch et al. were examined to test the congruence validity. Vaccination intention was positively related to all five dimensions. Moreover, in line with theoretical expectations, the following associations were observed: confidence was positively related to trust in healthcare institutions and healthcare professionals; complacency was negatively related to perceived risk; constraint was negatively related to perceived behavioral control; calculation was positively related to information seeking; collective responsibility was positively related to COVID-19 related worry. We believe that the Turkish 5C scale will be a functional tool in monitoring vaccination in Turkey and a valuable contribution to the literature by enabling cross-cultural comparisons.

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