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Are all features of psychopathy associated with decreased health? Psychopathy, dysfunctional family characteristics, and health problems in convicts

Author(s): Janko Međedović,Daliborka Kujačić / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

Previous research suggested that psychopathy is related to diminished physical and mentalhealth. However, this link could be specific to psychopathic lifestyle and antisocial behavior,while manipulative characteristics and emotional superficiality could be unrelated or even positively related to physical and mental health. Furthermore, psychopathic features could mediate the link between detrimental family characteristics and health problems. We tested these hypotheses in a sample of male convicts (N = 224). Psychopathy was explored via a rating method (PCL–R). Dysfunctional family characteristics were extracted from participants’prison files. Finally, self-reported biographical data was used to estimate problems in physical and mental health. Behavioral psychopathy tendencies and especially impulsive and erratic behavior turned out to be positively related both to physical and mental health problems. On the other hand, Interpersonal and Affective psychopathy features were mostly unrelated or negatively related to health problems. Finally, Antisocial and especially Lifestyle characteristics turned out to be significant mediators of the link between dysfunctional family characteristics and health problems. Research results showed that narrow psychopathy facets are differentially related to health status. Psychopathic lifestyle and criminal behavior are positively related with problems in physical and mental health, while manipulative characteristics and affective shallowness are associated with better health. The results are in accordance with the concept of successful psychopathy and evolutionary accounts on psychopathy.

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Art therapy in nursing

Author(s): Gergana Avramova-Todorova / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Illness, emotions, art and therapy – is there a connection between them? Is there a significant bond betweennursing and art therapy and if there is one, how can we put it in practice?The belief that the mind plays an important role in physical illness goes back to the earliest days of medicine.New molecular and pharmacological tools have made it possible to identify the network that exists between theimmune system and the brain, and allows the two system to signal each other continuously and rapidly. Disruptionof this communication in any way exacerbates the diseases that the immune system guards against. Itis getting clear now for scientists how signals from the immune system can affect the brain and the emotionaland physical responses it controls: the molecular basis of feeling sick. In all this, the boundaries between mindand body are beginning to blur.The significance of these findings seems promising to extend the range of therapeutic treatments available forvarious disorders.Nursing, as identified with keeping care for the patients during the process of healing, is facing the challengeto create and maintain a relationship with the patients. And this unity between nurses and patients should bebuilt on the base of commitment, compassion, good will and empathy. The art of nursing is the heart of caring.It is obvious in recent years, that there are great benefits in asking patients to connect themselves in any kind ofart therapy. Artistic expression is an activity that involves the brain in ways that can be used to enhance therapeutictreatment and evaluation.This article is showing that there is a bond between illness and emotions, and that art therapeutic methods canbe used in nursing, in order to achieve better results in the process of healing.Using art therapeutic methods in nursing practice gives a way to improve the well-being of the patients, to createa relationship filled with empathy, courage and compassion.

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Art Therapy in Patients with Psoriasis

Author(s): Aslı Sarandöl,Birgül Aydın,Hayriye Sarıcaoğlu,Arife Öz,Emel Bülbül Başkan,Selçuk Kırlı / Language(s): English / Issue: Suppl. 1/2019

This study aimed at investigating the themes that emerged after an art therapy and assessing the effectiveness of art therapy using psychological scales and dermatological evaluation indices before and after the therapy in individuals with psoriasis. The study included patients aged 18-65 with moderate psoriasis who had the disease for 5 or more years and were in need of systemic treatment. Those who had a concomitant physical disorder including another skin disease, an active joint disorder or a psychiatric diagnosis other than adjustment disorder were excluded from the study. A total of 15 sessions each lasting 150 minutes were held once a week. Various art techniques including music, painting, and ceramics were practiced to evaluate within the group patients’ understanding of the illness and their self-awareness. The outcomes of the study were presented over three patients who attended the sessions regularly. The dermatological evaluations, patient feedback, and observations of the psychotherapists have shown that art therapy can be an effective method in attenuating the symptoms of psoriasis and evoking awareness of repressed experiences or feelings.

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Arteterapie: umění léčby traumatu

Author(s): Jakub Hučín,Karin Alice Schouten / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 2/2017

Interview with Karin Alice Schouten by Jakub Hučín

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Asertivni trening: Efekti tretmana, održivost promena i udeo terapeuta u terapijskom ishodu

Author(s): Snežana Tovilović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2005

In this research is shown part of results concerning evaluation study of group assertiveness training. Treatment, which has been organized as structured program of assertiveness training, has been applied on 18 groups of subjects during 9 group sessions. This treatment has been adjusted to non-psychiatric clients from our country. Groups were lead by two therapists. During 20 months of our research 215 voluntary participants of full age have joined training groups. Final sample consisted of 158 subjects who had finished treatment and who had fulfilled criteria for taking repeated measurement. Subjects had taken battery of questionnaires before the treatment and eight weeks after they had completed treatment. Subsample, which included 35 subjects from one therapist’s groups, took retest after twice longer time period. Results of conducted research have confirmed the hypothesis concerning the potentiality of assertiveness training to produce expected and significant improvements of treated subjects. Therapy effect is found on symptomatic level through reduction of symptoms of non-assertive behaviors, which were target of the treatment. Contrary to expectation interactive effect of treatment and therapist to reduction of symptoms of non-assertive behavior has been found, which implies need for further investigation of variables that are related to therapists. Through the medium of treatment therapeutic changes in structural level, in domain of general assertiveness, social anxiety and treated subjects' self-concept are produced. The effect of therapy we might consider stabled and maintained after 16 weeks of finishing the treatment.

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ASPECTS OF EMOTIONAL ABUSE IN MIDDLE SCHOOL

Author(s): Alina Maria Breaz / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

Psychological mistreatment, however harder to characterize and harder to recognize, goes with all types of youngster misuse and has pulverizing outcomes on its agreeable turn of events. Our investigation on 60 kids from the exercise center stage intended to feature the psychological mistreatment of offspring of this age and its potential outcomes. Through a guided meeting, the sorts of psychological mistreatment, its causes, the recurrence of misuse, its relationship with different kinds of misuse were followed. The acquired outcomes mirror a somewhat stressing circumstance, demonstrating that the guardians' confusions and mindsets persevere in their instructive style, which may influence the mystic equilibrium of the kid in a troublesome time of life, specifically that of pubescence. The advising work of the analyst or social associate of the gatherings engaged with types of psychological mistreatment (guardians and youngsters) can contribute not exclusively to improve the kid's circumstance, its mix into the age gathering and the expanding of school's exhibitions yet additionally to improve its relations with guardians and fraternity and in this manner to build its odds of an agreeable turn of events.

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Assessing the symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder among college/university students: An international validation study of a self-report

Author(s): Dejan Stevanović,Ana Đorić,Yatan Pal Singh Balhara,Nikola Ćirović,Sidharth Arya,Ramdas Ransing,Tuong Vi Vu Thi,Truong Ngoc Huong,Ivana Tadić,Jelena Jović,Saša Radovanović,Helin Yilmaz Kafali,Zahir Vally,Mita Rani Roy Chowdhury,Pawan Sharma,Rabi Shakya,Paulo Moreira,Atilola Olayinka,Avicenna Mohamad,Luís Antônio Monteiro Campos,Pedro de Abreu Monteiro Campos,Cristiane Moreira Silva,Jose Carlos Tavares,Massimiliano Buoli,Julius Burkauskas,Iva Ivanović,Anna Rebeka Szczegielniak,Rajna Knez / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of a self-report scale for assessing Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) symptoms according to the DSM–5 and ICD–11 among 3270 college/univers ity students (2095 [64.1%] females; age mean 21.6 [3.1] years) from different countries worldwide. Croatian, English, Polish, Portuguese, Serbian, Turkish, and Vietnamese versions of the scale were tested. The study showed that symptoms of IGD could be measured as a single underlying factor among college/university students. A nine itemsymptom scale following DSM–5, and a short four-item scale representing the main ICD–11 symptoms, had sound internal consistency and construct validity. Three symptom-items were found non-invariant across the language samples (i.e., preoccupation with on-line gaming, loss of interests in previous hobbies and entertainment, and the use of gaming to relieve negative moods). This study provides initial evidence for assessing IGD symptoms among college/university students and will hopefully foster further research into gaming addiction in this population worldwide especially with taking into account language/cultural differences.

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ASSESSMENT AND TREATMENT OF WAR TRAUMA

Author(s): Laurence A. French,Goran Kovačević,Lidija Nikolić-Novaković,Bakir Alispahić / Language(s): English / Issue: 5-6/2015

Reason(s) for writing and research problem(s): The Yugoslavian breakup wars beginning in the early 1990s resulted in many common unresolved war-trauma issues. Common to these conflicts, whether it be Bosnia Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, Kosovo, or Macedonia is the unmet need of both military veterans and civilian casualties suffering with either physical or psychological injuries, or both. Aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): The scientific and social aim is to offer valuable methodology for estimate of the presence of War trauma in respective societies and propose the best possible approach in assessing the scope of the problems. Methodology/Design: The authors developing assessment protocols with a number of them translated into the Bosnian and Serbian language so that they could be used within those nations most closely involved in the Balkan Wars of 1991-2002. Validity will be established by administering the predictor (like the MMPI) to all applicants/candidates and then later assessing the scores/profiles with those who are successful or who failed the program. Research/paper limitations: The proposed methodological approach as explained in this paper is a profile based research and it is constructed for and limited to assessment of War trauma and using it for other purposes could give one false data and interpretations. Results/Findings: The paper analyze the best fit methodology for respective societies and results. In other countries where similar research was administered, results were the blueprint for state policy development in the fields of Societal security, radicalization, social deviations and victimization. General conclusion: The idea behind this paper is to explain sophisticated scientific approach to analysis of societal trends and to develop the best procedures for neutralizing the effects of detected negative societal trends in local communities. Research/paper validity: Validity is established by administering the predictor (like the MMPI) to all applicants/candidates and then later assessing the scores/profiles with those who are successful or who failed the program.

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Association between maladaptive sleep hygiene behaviors and sleep quality in the general population

Author(s): Clara Sancho-Domingo,José Luis Carballo,Ainhoa Coloma-Carmona,,Jesús Rodríguez-Marín / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Prevalence of sleep problems has grown globally in recent years and sleep hygiene recommendations have shown inconsistent results. This study aims to analyze the quality of sleep in a non-clinical population and its association with maladaptive sleep hygiene. A total of 465 participants, with median age of 35 years (Interquartile range – IQR =28–44), completed the Sleep Hygiene Practices Scale (SHPS) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Sample was divided into good quality sleepers (GQS; 52.7%, n = 245) and poor quality sleepers (PQS; 47.3%, n = 220). Comparison tests showed PQS had significant higher scores on SHPS (M = 61; IQR = 55–68, p < .01) compared with GQS (M = 68; IQR = 62–74). A logistic regression model indicated that only cognitive-arousal behaviors and inconsistent bedtimes were significant to classify poor sleep (R2 = .35; p < .01). In conclusion, poor sleep quality is common among healthy individuals and strongly associated with pre-sleep cognitive activity. This suggests that interventions aiming to improve sleep quality should consider strategies that would retract attention from concerns and worries at bedtime.

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Association of attachment disorganization, attachment-related emotion regulation, and cortisol response after standardized psychosocial stress procedure: A pilot study

Author(s): Katja Petrowski,Andrea Beetz,Susan Schurig,Gloria-Beatrice Wintermann,Anna Buchheim / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Attachment representations are related to maintaining biological homeostasis, including physiological stress and emotional regulation. Therefore, recent research has focused on attachment stress regulation and hypothalamus pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis reactivity. However, the attachment disorganization underlying emotion regulation associated with the HPA axis response has not yet been investigated. In our study, the attachment representation and the HPA-axis reactivity by cortisol level before and after the Trier Social Stress Test were assessed in a sample of 98 healthy non-clinical subjects. As expected, approximately 30% of this sample showed a disorganized attachment representation. The subjects’ unresolved attachment (breakdown of emotional regulation) showed a prolonged cortisol recovery. No differences were found between the attachment patterns in the increase and the delta of the cortisol response. However, the cortisol reactivity differed significantly for the occurrence of emotional regulation. The subjects with a high occurrence of attachment-related emotion regulation showed a higher cortisol response than the subjects with an unresolved attachment and the ones with a low occurrence of attachment-related emotion regulation. Regulating the negative emotions of stressful situations may require more attention as it might lead to an increased activation of the physiological system.

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Atsparumo psichologinei traumai vidinių veiksnių teorinė analizė

Author(s): Ruth Reches,Jolanta Sondaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2/2014

Scientific Problem. The study of the phenomenon of resilience to trauma within the framework of positive psychology has been started relatively recently and has received quite controversial evaluations. Some scientists recognize the resilience to trauma as a feature, whilst the others – as a process or even as a result. All researchers agree that there are internal and external resilience factors which help in coping with trauma. Scientists distinguish different internal resilience factors. A more thorough analysis of the concept of the psychological trauma resilience and the empirical research could help to transform the theoretical knowledge into practical methods more effectively, such as creation of interventional and preventive programmes for psychological resilience to trauma. Research Subject. The research subject is the internal factors of resilience to trauma. Goals of the Research. Goals of the research include to carry out a critical review of the concept of the internal factors of resilience to psychological trauma, integrate the ideas arising from the empirical research results related to the internal factors of resilience. Research Method. The method of theoretical analysis, i.e. comparison and summarizing of scientific literature and interpretation of data, has been applied by the author. Results and Conclusions. The analysis of the empirical research based upon different theoretical paradigms and related to the internal psychological factors of resilience to trauma allowed distinguishing the following internal factors of resilience to trauma: hardiness, ego-resilience, self-esteem, self-image, control, hope, attachment. Also, it allowed determining that the factors distinguished may be of three different types: 1) factors that help to overcome the trauma; 2) factors protecting from the adverse effects of the trauma; 3) factors helping to accept a traumatic event as a challenge and an opportunity to grow.

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Attachment and Posttraumatic Symptomatology Following Physical Injury Accidents

Author(s): Florian Juen,Verena Rattensberger,Anna Buchheim / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

This study investigates the association between attachment and posttraumatic symptoms in adults immediately after a physical injury accident (assessed after 1 week and 3 months). We expect to find higher percentage of attachment dysregulation and higher symptomatic response (BSI and PDS) of disorganized individuals. We introduce Personal Experience as a representational marker for high attachment anxiety and preoccupation with one’s own distress that blurs and potentially dissolves the capacity to maintain self-other boundaries under stress. 65 patients were administered the Adult attachment Projective Picture System. Results show that attachment disorganization appears more frequent than in healthy individuals and is related to stronger symptomatology. Personal Experience showed good prediction for symptoms after 3 months. This could be important to identify individuals in need for crisis intervention support.

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Attachment disorganization in different clinical groups: what underpins unresolved attachment?

Author(s): Florian Juen,Lisa Arnold,Dominik Meissner,Tobias Nolte,Anna Buchheim / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2013

This paper summarizes findings and clinical implications of research on attachment disorganization in diverse clinical groups. Disorganized/unresolved attachment is overrepresented in these groups compared to healthy control participants, but disorder-specific characteristics of this attachment pattern are still poorly understood. The focus of this study was to explore defensive processes in participants whose narratives were classified as disorganized/unresolved using the Adult Attachment Projective Picture System (AAP). Besides the predominance of disorganized attachment, clinical participants demonstrated more “segregated system material” especially in stories representing aloneness and more “Personal Experience material” compared to healthy individuals. Within the disorganized/ unresolved clinical individuals, BPD and PTSD patients showed the highest proportion of attachment disorganization and were less able to use other attachment-related defenses to maintain organized. Furthermore, PTSD patients were emotionally overwhelmed by the projective attachment scenes compared to the other clinical groups as indexed by an incapacity to complete sections of the AAP. BPD and addicted patients were characterized by a high degree of self-other boundary confusion. Depressive and schizophrenic patients showed a high overall defensive intensity to remain organized.

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Attitudes towards euthanasia in the context of fear of death among physiotherapists and caregivers of patients with paresis

Author(s): Alicja Głębocka / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2017

Background: The permissibility of euthanasia raises many moral dilemmas, dividing the general public on thismatter. Attitudes towards euthanasia depend on socio-cultural (age, beliefs) and individual factors (personalitytraits or working in medical professions).Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to establish attitudes towards euthanasia and the level of anxietybefore death among people in close contact with persons suffering from paresis. The hypotheses assumed thatcontact with disabled patients, who require constant care, and the type of such contact, modify the perceivedfear of death and attitudes towards euthanasia.Material and methods: Two clinical groups were involved in the study: physiotherapists dealing with strokerehabilitation, family caregivers permanently taking care of close relatives of cerebral stroke survivors. Theresults of the two groups were compared to those of the control group, who were individuals with no personalexperience in the care of patients with paresis. Attitudes towards euthanasia were measured in three dimensions:information support, liberal attitudes and conservative attitudes.Results: The results showed no intergroup differences in two dimensions: liberal attitude and the fear of death.Physiotherapists were the least conservative in their attitudes in comparison to other participants and theyappreciated the information support more than participants from the control group. Conclusions: The results indicated that everyday contact with the patients suffering from paresis can increase conservative attitudes toward euthanasia but only among caregivers

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Autism, schizofrenie, ADHD. Perspective convergente

Author(s): Bogdana Susana Miclea / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2021

Over time, continuous efforts have been made to clarify and circumscribe diagnoses of autism, schizophrenia, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The diagnostic split between the 3 disorders dominated psychiatry after the 80s, being still used and recognized as such by the diagnostic manuals. Recently a shift and flexibility of the psychiatric paradigm has been noticed. The categorical perspective on mental illness is gradually complemented by the dimensional one. In the last decade, research in the field of neuroscience and psychology has brought evidence in favor of a partial overlap between ADHD, autism and schizophrenia. The hypothesis of a partial overlap can also be supported by non-medical or psychological theorizations, related to common deficits of symbolic structuring of the psyche in achieving a coherent representation of the world and of one's own person.

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Autismus jako společenskovědní téma

Author(s): Michael Geisler / Language(s): Czech / Issue: 1/2016

Knowledge on autism has undergone a rapid development over the past few decades, as well as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis rates increasing dramatically. These changes emphasize the need for increased services and wider specialised support for people with ASD and their families. Autism is not only a medical, psychological or special pedagogical topic it is also a social issue. There have been several sociological studies on the topic conducted abroad, however the Czech case is specific in several aspects due to the political-cultural context of the country. Apart from a few exceptions, the topic has not been reflected in Czech social science. The present paper will introduce five approaches to autism based on research which has been conducted abroad and will also discuss to which extent they are applicable in the Czech Republic. The ideas presented are a multidisciplinary combination of sociology of knowledge, historical sociology, sociology of health and illness, cultural anthropology and disability studies. The subtopics discussed include: the social construction of autism, the development of knowledge on autism, social movements related to autism, autism across cultures and lastly, causes of the increasing prevalence of autism.

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Auto-compasiunea și auto-eficacitateaca – resurse personale în cazul terapeuților

Author(s): Raluca Nicoleta Trifu,Bogdana Susana Miclea,Dana Herța,Smaranda PUȘCAȘU,Horia Coman / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1/2021

One of the special human qualities is the compassion shown towards our fellow, in special situations, people who live certain states determined by the moments of life they go through. Self-compassion refers to the ability to show compassion, understanding and protection to oneself. It is operationalized by researcher Kristin Neff. Self-efficacy, proposed by Albert Bandura, refers to the perception of self and is related to the belief in one's own abilities, in one's own ability to solve situations. The interest of the study aims the relationship between self-compassion and self-efficacy in the case of a distinct category, that of therapists, professionally faced with situations that require personal resources. Methods: The level of self-compassion was assessed with the Self-Compassion Scale, 26 items, proposed by Kristin Neff. The level of self-efficacy was assessed using the New General Self-Efficacy Scale, the 8-item scale proposed by Gilad Chen & co (2001). Both questionnaires were distributed electronically. The data obtained were statistically analyzed and interpreted. Results: In the professional categories investigated, there are underline links and relations between the two constructs, with professional implications. The results show (1) Therapists have high values in assessing self-efficacy; (2) Therapists have high values of self-compassion; (3) Therapists have a high level of self-compassion and a low level of self-criticism as indicated by the self-compassion sub-scales; (4) There is a direct relationship between self-efficacy and self-compassion; (5) Therapists with high level of self-compassion also have a high level of self-efficacy (6) The level of self-efficacy is influenced by age and professional experience. (7) The level of self-compassion is influenced by age and professional experience Conclusion: The two concepts discussed are important in relation to certain professional categories and under the auspices of situations considered stressful and with emotional burden.

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Babanın cezaevinde olmasının çocuğun gelişimine ve aile yaşamına etkileri

Author(s): Nilay Pekel Uludağlı / Language(s): Turkish,English / Issue: 1/2020

While the role of the mother has a strong place in the relevant literature on child development, the importance of fathers in healthy social and emotional development of children has started to be understood in recent years. As an extension of this tendency, although there are more fathers rather than mothers in prisons, studies on the effects of father imprisonment on child and family relations are more limited. Within this scope, the effects of father’s being in prison on children and family members, father-child interaction in the prison, intervention studies for this interaction and possible suggestions for a solution were discussed in this review article. Studies show that children whose fathers are in prison try to cope with many sources of stress. On the one hand, these children try to get used to the absence of father; on the other hand, they try to overcome their situations such as labeling, changing living conditions and deteriorating economic conditions. Young children have more difficulty understanding this process. Therefore, they can have unrealistic beliefs such as blaming themselves or thinking that they have been abandoned. In addition, the mother, who was left alone with the father’s imprisonment and whose psychological health deteriorated, could not show an effective parenting to the child and this situation also affects the child negatively. As a result of these situations, both academic and, emotional and behavioral problems are seen more frequently in these children. Maintaining effective communication between child and father in prison has a positive effect on the child’s psychological health and supports the father’s adaptation to his family and society more easily after his release. Having a positive family relationship prevents these fathers from getting involved in crime again. Participation of fathers in prison to intervention programs for parenting skills and better quality father-child interaction provides beneficial results.

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Badanie procesu terapii uzależnień: rola niespecyficznych czynników terapii

Author(s): T. Cameron Wild,Judy Wolfe / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 0

A review of modern methods of treating addictions, the effectiveness of which had been confirmed in rigorous scientific studies. The publication is aimed at people providing treatment for addicted individuals and also for those preparing to obtain appropriate certifications (specialists in addiction psychotherapy and addiction therapy instructors, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, family doctors and clinicians whose patients can be people with addictions), scientists studying the mechanisms and efficiency of addiction therapy, as well as addicted individuals and their loved ones.

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Barriers to Female Sex Addiction Treatment in the UK

Author(s): Manpreet K. Dhuffar,Mark D. Griffiths / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

Over the last 20 years, behavioral addictions (e.g., addictions to gambling, playing video games, work, etc.) have become more accepted among both public and scientific communities. Addiction to sex is arguably a more controversial issue, but this does not take away from the fact that some individuals seek professional help for problematic excessive sex, irrespective of how the behavior is conceptualized. Empirical evidence suggests that among treatment seekers, men are more likely than women to seek help for sex addiction (SA). Methods: Using the behavioral addiction literature and the authors’ own expertise in researching female SA, this paper examines potential barriers to the treatment for female sex addicts. Results: Four main types of barriers for female sex addicts not seeking treatment were identified. These comprised (a) individual barriers, (b) social barriers, (c) research barriers, and (d) treatment barriers. Conclusions: Further research is needed to either confirm or disconfirm the identified barriers that female sex addicts face when seeking treatment, and if conformation is found, interested stakeholders should provide better awareness and/or see ways in which such barriers can be overcome to aid better uptake of SA services.

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