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Globalization and Neo-liberalism

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This book is a collection of papers written and presented at the Panel Discussion on Globalization and Neo-liberalism, held on April 19th 2006 in Zagreb. This Panel Discussion was organized by the Political Science Research Centre Forum. It gathered eminent Croatian scientists from different scientific fields of research (sociology, political sciences, economics, history, law, philosophy and others). Multidisciplinary approach ensured a fruitful discussion resulting with this book which aims to enlighten many globalization issues from different aspects and points of view. Understanding the changes in contemporary society connected with processes of globalization and the neo-liberal doctrine and the ways in which they reflect on Croatian society and state requires systematic and multidisciplinary scientific rethinking. In the scope of this comprehension the book intends to provide at least an overview of possible responses to the challenges of the world we live in. Although primarily based on scientific and theoretical ground, papers presented in this book also aim to offer some pragmatic ideas and solutions, which is particulary important for the positioning of Croatian society in the context of transition, European integration and adaptation to global processes. Following the given framework of globalization and neo-liberalism, papers presented in this book examine and question different issues starting with the definition of globalization, neo-liberal globalization and globalism in terms of concepts and contents. Also, putting these phenomena in a historical context offers a basis for understanding of contemporary transformation of society and social structures. Various aspects of global relations have been discussed: the role of major and powerful states, the role of international organizations and transnational corporations, changes in labor conditions, position of small countries, transformation of the welfare state and emersion of new forms of social solidarity, security on global and local level, global environment destruction, antiglobalization responses and others. From different points of view the papers in this book examine almost all important specific implications of the influence globalization and neo-liberalism have on economies, politics, welfare state, regulation, security, environment and social issues, aiming especially at pointing out positive and negative consequences for Croatian society.

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Drug Users in Prison: Norway's Experience and Bulgaria's Challenges

Author(s): Dimitar Markov,Hedda Giertsen,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): English

Publication looks over the situation of drug users in two European countries – Norway, known for its social and welfare-oriented state, and Bulgaria, which since the beginning of the transition from totalitarism to democracy lacks sustainable policies on prisons and drugs. The aim of this work is to comparatively present the penal policy towards drug users and the measures taken for convicted people addicted to narcotic substances, to identify those features which can be transferable and can assist Bulgarian authorities to improve the situation of drug users in and outside the prison. Finally, this research will try to propose concrete measures to be taken both within the penitentiary system and as crime prevention efforts among drug users.

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Правна рамка на регистрите на юридическите лица с нестопанска цел: оценка и предложения за промени

Author(s): Maria Yordanova,Dimitar Markov,Miryana Ilcheva,Galina Sapundzhieva / Language(s): Bulgarian

Improvement of registration of non-profit organisations (NPOs) is a necessary precondition for strengthening the civil society and increasing its transparency and accountability. An easy and simple registration procedure, with no duplication of information and functioning automatic exchange of data, would allow the civic sector to concentrate on its substantive priorities. The registration of NPOs and its subsequent maintenance determines to a large extent the relations between those organisations and the state authorities and is an indicator of the will of decision makers to lighten excessive administrative burden and thus facilitate the civil sector's development. The concept offered and the recommendations for legislative changes provide support to institutions in achieving that aim.

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Vulnerable Groups of Prisoners: A Handbook

Author(s): Alejandro Forero Cuéllar,María Celeste Tortosa,Klaus Dreckmann,Dimitar Markov,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): English

In prison, certain groups of inmates are subject to disadvantages due to specifics of their origin, gender, sexual orientation, age, etc. These groups usually need special treatment, which is not always provided, which leads to unequal treatment and violation of their rights. This handbook examines the situation of such vulnerable groups within the prison systems of Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Lithuania and Spain. Starting from the classification of the UN Handbook on Prisoners with special needs and looking at the different national contexts, the authors identify different groups as vulnerable in different countries. In order to encompass as many groups as possible, their list was extended to include some particularly marginalised groups, such as sex offenders, prisoners with disabilities, etc. Each group is viewed in context, explaining the situations of vulnerability both generally and in the selected countries. From one side, the handbook presents the efforts for compensation of vulnerabilities in every country available in the legislation or provided by prison authorities or other actors. From the other side, it identifies the gaps in the measures and practices, which vary both from country to country and from group to group.

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Prison Conditions Monitoring Index: Methodology and Pilot Results

Author(s): Dimitar Markov,Maria Doichinova / Language(s): English

International organisations, national governments and human rights NGOs exercise various types of monitoring of the penitentiary systems. In order to quantify their results, there are some generally accepted indicators (such as the number of inmates per 100.000 citizens), but in many specific areas like healthcare, employment, security and safety, such indicators have never been applied. Therefore, those monitoring efforts will substantially benefit from an instrument capable of supplying comparable and easy-to-use data on the situation in prisons. To address this need, the Center for the Study of Democracy, in cooperation with the Dortmund University of Applied Sciences and Arts, the Observatory on the Penal System and Human Rights with the University of Barcelona, the Law Institute of Lithuania and Association Droit au Droit, developed a Prison Conditions Monitoring Index (PCMI) – a system of indicators translating into comparable figures the situation in different prisons. In the end of 2014, the PCMI was piloted in several prisons in Bulgaria, Germany and Lithuania to test its operability and analyse the potential use of the results it generates. The present report elaborates on the methodology underlying the PCMI and offers a summary of the results of its pilot implementation. It is intended for a broad audience of readers including policy makers, prison staff, lawyers, social workers, academics and NGOs interested in the topic of prison monitoring.

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Ambulant sanctions as an alternative to imprisonment in the European Union

Author(s): Christine M. Graebsch,Sven-Uwe Burkhardt / Language(s): English

The issue of imprisonment vs. alternative penalties has been debated in various European countries during the last decades, and ambulant sanctions have been heavily on the rise. Community sentences and other alternatives to imprisonment are regarded as modern instruments for the rehabilitation of offenders. The objective of the present study is to examine the scope of application of penalties without deprivation of liberty as compared to imprisonment as well as to identify promising practices of alternative criminal sanctioning in Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Spain and Lithuania. As this study covers several European countries, the comparative perspective suggests itself nearly as a matter of course. In this connection, it seems reasonable to describe the existing ambulant sanctions of the different member states involved, taking into account their legal arrangement and their relation within the system of penal sanctions including their relation to the deprivation of liberty. It in addition appears sensible to describe and compare these ambulant sanctions with reference to their contribution to the re-socialisation or rehabilitation of those subjected to them as well as with special attention to the involvement of civil society in their execution. In a further step, promising practices in connection with ambulant sanctions could be highlighted which may be recommended for imitation by other member states. Such an approach proves to be impossible for multiple reasons, though, and it would be inadequate just to make such an attempt. There are exemplary references to ambulant sanctions in Belgium, Bulgaria, Germany, Lithuania and Spain. This is due to the fact that scientists from these countries have taken part in the realisation of this project but not necessarily because of specific outstanding features of their sanction systems in comparison with other member states.

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Модел за подкрепа на жертви на домашно насилие и насилие, основано на пола

Author(s): Elmira Nesheva,Daniela Kolarova,Rumen Minkovski / Language(s): Bulgarian

Freedom from violence, regardless of its form, is every human being’s fundamental right. The rights to life, liberty and security of person have been regulated in the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as well as in the European Convention on Human Rights. The purpose of the Victims Support Model is to provide information and to present the currently existing activities, services and departments, which operate in the area of domestic and gender-based violence. The proposed Model accepts that the strong prevalence of the phenomena and the consequences thereof necessitate that it is treated as a public health issue. For this reason, an approach is being proposed, which defines and outlines the roots and the consequences of this problem in Bulgaria, identifies the risk and protective factors, and proposes strategies for effective resolution, including activities on prevention, timely reaction, and follow-up.

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Подкрепа и реинтеграция на децата - жертви на трафик в България: законодателство, институционална рамка и политики

Author(s): Miriana Ilcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian

The report explores the legal, institutional and policy framework of countering child trafficking in Bulgaria and assisting and reintegrating its victims. It looks at Bulgarian criminal law and criminal procedure, as well as other legal norms, relevant to the subject, and the extent to which they comply with international standards. The study presents the different stages of referral victims go through, the various institutions and organisations, involved in the process, and the policies and initiatives they pursue in improving child victims’ situation. A number of recommendations are put forward in terms of possible legislative amendments, strengthening policy framework and furthering capacity building of institutions, entrusted with combating child trafficking.

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KA ODGOVORNOM I PROFESIONALNOM POSTUPANJU SA LEZBEJKAMA, GEJEVIMA, BISEKSUALNIM, TRANSRODNIM I INTERSPOLNIM OSOBAMA - PRIRUČNIK ZA PREDSTAVNIKE_CE INSTITUCIJA KOJE DJELUJU NA NIVOU OPĆINA, GRADOVA I KANTONA U BIH

Author(s): Dajana Cvjetković,Vladana Vasić / Language(s): Bosnian

Poštovane_i profesionalke_profesionalci, ako se nikad u svom radu niste susrele_i sa lezbejkom, gejem, biseksualnom, transrodnom ili interspolnom (LGBTI) osobom, onda je ovaj priručnik namijenjen upravo vama. Razmislite! Ukoliko tokom višegodišnjeg profesionalnog rada niste upoznale_i LGBTI osobu, da li to možda znači da je niste prepoznale_i, a ne da je nije bilo?! Dopustite da navedemo jedan primjer. Prema rezultatima popisa stanovništva iz 2013. godine, u Federaciji BiH živi oko 80.000 građanki i građana koje_i se ne izjašnjavaju kao pripadnice_i konstitutivnih naroda, već kao pripadnice_i nacionalnih manjina, kao Bosanke_ci i/ili Hercegovke_ci, kao pripadnice_i drugih etničkih identiteta, ili se naprosto ne izjašnjavaju u vezi s etničkom pripadnošću. Uzimajući to u obzir, da li ste se u radu susreli_e sa Romkinjama_Romima, Jevrejkama_Jevrejima, Albankama_ Albancima, Crnogorkama_Crnogorcima? Ili sa osobama koje se nacionalno ne izjašnjavaju? Njih u FBiH ima oko 18 hiljada. Poznajete li osobu koja se izjašnjava kao Hrvatica_Hrvat u Kantonu Sarajevo? Njih 17.000 tako se izjasnilo. Pripadnice_pripadnike svih ovih zajednica i grupa sigurno poznajete. Kako je onda moguće da ne poznajete niti jednu ili jako mali broj LGBTI osoba, koje, prema procjenama, širom svijeta čine od 3 do 12 posto ukupnog broja stanovništva? U Kantonu Sarajevo, 10 posto stanovništva je više od 40.000 osoba – da li je, stoga, moguće da nikada niti jedna LGBTI osoba nije došla po uslugu kod vas?

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Dostaňte zákon na svou stranu: Jak slaďovat rodinu a práci?

Author(s): Eva Fialová,Martina Štěpánková,Michaela Marksová-Tominová / Language(s): Czech

Cílem manuálu je zprostředkovat informace pro lepší možnost sladění rodinného a pracovního života, popřípadě inspiraci v možnostech, které máte a na které máte právní nárok. Prvním tématem publikace je mateřská a rodičovská dovolená a příspěvky, které máte v této době možnost pobírat. Právní úprava je poměrně rozsáhlá, proto jsme udělali stručný výtah z celé analýzy v kapitole Vaše práva ve zkratce. Od každého bodu zde najdete odkaz, kde se konkrétní záležitostí podrobněji zabýváme. Slouží k tomu, abyste si vybrali, co vás zajímá, a nemuseli číst celou právní úpravu. Je zde například oddíl věnovaný osobám samostatně výdělečně činným, najdete informace o možnosti střídat se s partnerem na mateřské či rodičovské dovolené, o výši příspěvků, o tom, kdy a kde žádat o příspěvky, a tak dále. Ve druhé části manuálu přinášíme právní informace, které se týkají flexibilních forem práce, a jejich výčet. Podrobněji se věnujeme částečným úvazkům, na které máte právní nárok, pečujete-li o dítě mladší patnácti let. I zde je opět oddíl Vaše práva ve zkratce, který umožní odskoky k tématům, jež vás budou zajímat více. Tento oddíl je také obohacen o kapitoly Jak přesvědčit zaměstnavatele k jednotlivým formám flexibilních uspořádání. Jsou zde zdůrazněny výhody a nevýhody jednotlivých pracovních uspořádání a záležitosti, na které máte dát pozor. Ve třetí kapitole se věnujeme dohodám o pracích konaných mimo pracovní poměr a práci konané na základě živnostenského oprávnění. Na tuto kapitolu jsme se zaměřili zejména s ohledem na to, že mnoho osob pracuje v době mateřské a rodičovské dovolené formou brigád, především z důvodu vysoké flexibility a možnosti pracovat z domova. Zaměřujeme se na výhody a nevýhody takto konaných prací. V závěrečné kapitole přinášíme krátkou inspiraci pro rodiče, kteří mají ve svém okolí nedostupné zařízení péče o děti, například z důvodu kapacity, a rádi by s tím něco udělali – najdou v ní konkrétní rady, jak lobbovat na svém místním úřadě. Budete-li mít jakékoli další právní dotazy, kontaktujte prosím naši on-line právní poradnu na www.rovneprilezitosti.cz. Za Gender Studies, o. p. s., vám přejeme inspirativní a podnětnou četbu.

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Kde to ladí a kde skřípe: slaďování práce a péče v mezinárodní perspektive

Author(s): / Language(s): Czech

Vážení ctenári, vážené ctenárky, listujete publikací, která se venuje možnostem sladování pracovního a soukromého života vK nekolika evropských zemích: krome Ceské republiky se zameruje na Slovensko, Nemecko a Polsko. Mezinárodní perspektiva daná pohledy zemí, které jsou nám blízké nejen geograficky, ale predevším kulturne a historicky, muže prinést inspiraci pro další smerování politiky zamestnanosti a rodinné a sociální politiky vK Ceské republice. Pokud jde oK postavení žen a mužu a vnímání jejich rolí, mužeme uK našich sousedu videt jisté podobnosti, príspevky vK této publikaci však ukazují, že konkrétní legislativní opatrení se vK jednotlivých zemích mohou výrazne lišit, a tedy iK formovat reálné životy žen a mužu odlišným zpusobem. Napríklad polský príspevek Julie Kubisy nám dává nahlédnout na vývoj vK posledních desetiletích a ukazuje konkrétní dopady tamejší rodinné politiky, at už jde oK zrušení rodicovského príspevku nebo legislativní zakotvení otcovské dovolené a práce chuv. [...]

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Klíč k jeslím

Author(s): Lada Wichterlová,Helena Skálová,Jitka Kolářová,Blanka Plasová,Kateřina Ulíková,Jana Štefaniková,Táňa Holčáková,Michaela Marksová-Tominová,Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková,Lucie Ungrová,Radka Výborná,Lucie Kynčilová,Štěpán Moravec,Markéta Novotná,Tereza Šamanová,Barbora Petrová,Linda Sokačová,Alexandra Jachanová Doleželová,Nina Bosničová / Language(s): Czech

Vážené čtenářky, vážení čtenáři, publikace, kterou právě držíte v ruce, má za cíl otevřít velmi komplexní a trochu zamotanou problematiku jeslí a dalších zařízení péče o děti do tří let v ČR (i zahraničí). Vychází ve chvíli, kdy jsou za dveřmi legislativní změny rodičovské dovolené a rodičovského příspěvku a kdy v síti institucionální péče o děti vzniká stále více děr. K problematice jeslí jsme se snažili přistoupit z mnoha různých stran, takže součástí publikace jsou například finanční a právní analýza, výsledky dotazníkového šetření mezi rodiči, rozhovory s klíčovými osobnostmi nebo příklady ze zahraničí. Cílem publikace a celého projektu je načrtnout příznivější obraz o jeslích, protože ty jsou v současnosti odstrkovány na okraj zájmu, ačkoliv jde o instituci, která má potenciál poskytovat profesionální a kvalitní péči o děti a rodičům může umožnit dřívější návrat do zaměstnání a udržet si odbornou kvalifikaci. Publikace je určena všem, kdo mají o tuto tematiku zájem, především ale novinářům, obecním zastupitelům, ředitelům jeslí a odborné veřejnosti.

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Mateřská dovolená, nebo rodičovský čas? Zkušenosti sedmi českých matek, které pracují a vychovávají své děti v jiných zemích EU

Author(s): Kateřina Jonášová,Pavla Frýdlová,Lucie Svobodová / Language(s): Czech

Jak sladit rodinu a práci? Jak se profesně uplatnit a nepřijít přitom o šanci mít rodinu a děti? Toto dilema je v Česku bohužel ještě palčivější než jinde v EU. Český model, podle nějž mají ženy nárok na dlouhou rodičovskou dovolenou, ovšem nikoli na předškolní péči o děti či na částečné úvazky, je v evropském kontextu zastaralý. Chybějící místa v zařízeních pro malé děti neumožňují tisícům žen návrat do práce. O větším zapojení otců do péče o děti ani nemluvě. O svých zkušenostech s různými modely mateřské a rodičovské dovolené, která není chápána jako dovolená, ale jako svébytný rodičovský čas, tedy čas určený oběma rodičům, o různých typech zařízení pro předškolní děti, o postupném návratu matek do zaměstnání vypovídá sedm Češek, které žijí nebo dlouhodobě žily v jiných zemích EU: Dánsku, Finsku, Francii, Nizozemsku, Německu, Norsku a Švédsku. [...]

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Polityka społeczno-gospodarcza państwa wobec pracy kobiet

Author(s): Baha Kalinowska-Sufinowicz / Language(s): Polish

Celem monografii jest prezentacja, analiza i ocena faktycznego stanu oraz możliwości pożądanych zmian w rozwoju polityki społeczno-gospodarczej państwa wobec pracy kobiet w Polsce w latach 1990-2012. W pierwszej kolejności dokonano identyfikacji miar statusu społeczno-ekonomicznego kobiet oraz konkretyzacji pojęcia, celów oraz rodzajów polityki społeczno-gospodarczej państwa na rzecz równości płci. W dalszej części publikacji zbadano uwarunkowania pracy kobiet w Polsce w latach 1990-2012 w aspekcie ich sytuacji rodzinnej, edukacyjnej, zawodowej, ekonomicznej i politycznej oraz przestawiono stan prawny, koncepcyjny i realizacyjny polityki społeczno-gospodarczej państwa w obszarach najsilniej determinujących pracę kobiet. Następnie wyznaczono ogólne i szczegółowe wskaźniki efektywności polityki równości płci w obszarach mających decydujące znaczenie dla pozycji społeczno-zawodowej i ekonomicznej kobiet, a także wskazano na potencjalne kierunki zmian polityki społeczno-gospodarczej państwa w kontekście jej dążenia do osiągania równości płci. Przeprowadzone badania i analizy zawarte w rozprawie pozwoliły na pozytywną weryfikację hipotezy o zasadności i konieczności podejmowania zintegrowanych i kompleksowych działań w ramach polityki społeczno-gospodarczej państwa wobec pracy kobiet, zwłaszcza na rzecz wyrównywania szans płci. Polityka taka powinna obejmować działania z zakresu polityki: rodzinnej (zwłaszcza sprzyjające godzeniu życia zawodowego z rodzinnym), edukacyjnej (w szczególności poprzez zwracanie znacznie większej uwagi na problematykę równości płci), zatrudnienia i rynku pracy (poprzez znacznie większą intensyfikację działań, w tym w zakresie prawodawstwa na rzecz osiągania równości szans kobiet i mężczyzn w praktyce) oraz polityki sensu stricto (na rzecz wyrównania partycypacji kobiet i mężczyzn w procesach sprawowania władzy publicznej, w tym gospodarczej).

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Child welfare discourses and practices in the Czech lands: the segregation of Roma and disabled children during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries

Author(s): Victoria Shmidt / Language(s): English

In terms of methodological approaches, this book puts together eugenic studies and the segregation of Roma in order to indicate the new approaches to exploring the impact of the past on the current policies and routine practices in post-socialist world. It is possible to differentiate two camps of social scientists who practice historical method for reinforcing their attitudes towards the segregation of the Roma. In terms of retrospective analysis, both camps focuson the socialist period as a source of current issues regarding Roma, their discrimination and the intractability of practices. The main difference between these camps is the way of explaining the issue of segregation. Performed by applied scientists who study the strategies for well-balanced co-existence of the Czech and Roma, the first camp of scholars reproduces various essentialist concepts regarding Roma – putting forward the insuperable difference between the “white” majority and Roma as a call for more tolerant attitude. Utilising trans-historical disclosure of “traditional” values, the other camp leads the sources of segregation to the inappropriate discourses disseminated amongst public as well as professionals. Catching others in the act of producing essentialist notion, these scholars often criticise the first camp but remain unable to construct the sustainable alternative to segregation. While the critical response to the first camp connects it with the previous practices and policies of segregation, the critical deconstruction of post-socialist trans-historis mensures the necessity of deeper contextualization in order to recognise options for sustainable integration.

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Türkiye'nin Doğu Sınırı: Ağrı ve Erzurum'da Göçmenler ve Göç Süreçleri

Author(s): Yıldız Akpolat,Kerem Karabulut,Dilek Özdemir,Songül Gül,Özlem Topçuoğlu,Güray Alpar,Abdullah Cengiz Kayış / Language(s): Turkish

Prof. Dr. Yıldız Akpolat öncülüğünde hazırlanmış bu kitap Türkiye’ye Doğu sınırı üzerinden girişlerin çok büyük çoğunlukta kaçak yollarla yapıldığı, gelen göçmenlerin çoğunluğun Afgan kökenli, erkek, eğitim ve gelir düzeyi düşük, mesleği olmayan ya da niteliksiz işlerde çalışan kişilerden oluştuğu dikkat çekmek-tedir. Göçmenlerin, gerek göç yollarında ve gerekse de Türkiye’de bulundukları “yerlerde” birçok sorun yaşadıkları anlaşılmaktadır. Ekonomik faktörler göçün itici bir gücü olarak, göç etme nedenlerinde ön plana çıkmıştır. Türkiye’nin göç veren bir ülke olmasının yanında, göç alan bir ülke konumuna geldiği; ayrıca, özellikle de Doğu sınırından gelen göçmenler açısından hedef ülke” olmasının yanında, transit ülke olarak görüldüğü söylenebilir. Ancak Türkiye’nin yaptığı uluslararası anlaşmalar neticesinde Türkiye’nin gelen göçmen için transit ülke olmaktan ziyade baraj ülke konumuna geldiği anlaşılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Türkiye açısından güvenlik sorunları başta olmak üzere, diğer göçten kaynaklı sorunların bertaraf edilmesinin tek bir kurumun değil, ancak birçok kurum ve sivil toplumun koordinasyonuyla mümkün olacağı öneril-mektedir.

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Pozycja wolontariuszy na rynku pracy

Author(s): Dominik Buttler / Language(s): Polish

Coraz częściej mówi się, że doświadczenie z działalności wolontarystycznej ma znaczenie dla poszukujących pracy, zwłaszcza na początku kariery zawodowej. Poprzez wolontariat nabywa się praktycznych umiejętności, poznaje nowe osoby, wzbogaca curriculum vitae. Zarobki tych, którzy pracowali jako wolontariusze, są zwykle nieco wyższe niż zarobki osób nieangażujących się społecznie. Czy jest to jednak efekt doświadczeń nabytych w pracy społecznej? A może wolontariusze mają specyficzne cechy osobowe, które zwiększają szansę odniesienia sukcesu zawodowego? Autor próbuje rozstrzygnąć ten problem, analizując dane o niemieckich i brytyjskich absolwentach wchodzących na rynek pracy.

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Izvještaj o napretku Crne Gore za 2006. - Crna Gora: Evropsko partnerstvo za 2006.

Author(s): / Language(s): Montenegrine

Od marta 2002. godine, Komisija je redovno obavještavala Savjet i Parlament o napretku zemalja zapadnog Balkana. Ovo je prvi Izvještaj o napretku za Crnu Goru od kako je postala nezavisna država nakon referenduma održanog 21. maja 2006. godine. Ovaj izvještaj: - Ukratko objašnjava odnose između Crne Gore i EU. - Analizira političku situaciju u Crnoj Gori u oblasti demokratije, vladavine prava, ljudskih prava, zaštite nacionalnih manjina i pitanja regionalnog karaktera. - Analizira ekonomsku situaciju u Crnoj Gori - Razmatra mogućnost Crne Gore da primijeni evropske standarde, tj. da postepeno uskladi svoje zakonodavstvo i politike u skladu sa acquis-em, SSP-om i prioritetima iz EP-a. Posmatrano iz vremenske perspektive, ovaj Izvještaj obuhvata period od 1. oktobra 2005. godine do 30. septembra 2006. godine. Napredak je ocjenjivan na osnovu donijetih odluka, usvojenih zakona i primijenjenih mjera. Po pravilu, zakoni ili mjere koji su u fazi pripreme ili se za njih očekuje saglasnost Skupštine RCG, nijesu uzeti u obzir. Ovakav pristup omogućava podjednak tretman svih izvještaja i garantuje objektivnu ocjenu stanja. Ovaj Izvještaj je zasnovan na informacijama koje su prikupljene i analizirane od strane Komisije. Za prikupljanje informacija, korišteni su i ostali izvori (kao što su doprinos od strane Vlade Republike Crne Gore, država članica, Evropskog parlamenta1 ), a korištene su i informacije koje su dobijene od strane međunarodnih i nevladinih organizacija. Komisija donosi zaključke o Crnoj Gori u posebnom dokumentu o proširenju2 , koji se zasniva na tehničkoj analizi iz ovog Izvještaja.

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Çatışma Bölgelerinde İnsani Boyut: Yardım ve Güvenlik

Author(s): Altun Altun / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Humanitarian aid in conflict zones has become one of the most significant elements of international politics in the establishment of security through the prevention of violence. Civilians living in these zones are exposed to humanitarian law violations, migration, poverty, and a set of threats experienced in access to basic services. In this context, humanitarian aid and humanitarian security may be considered two concepts that complement and support each other. While humanitarian aid facilitates humanitarian security by meeting the urgent needs of people, the ultimate goals of humanitarian security are the protection and prosperity of people. Security is among the main factors that determine relations on an international scale. The globalization process has led to the emergence of new threats and the transformation or aggravation of existing threats. The increase in the number of forms of threat, their transformation, and the need in the new world order established after the Cold War for a new security paradigm triggered the development of a new perspective in the field of security. Today, humanitarian security/individual safety is at the epicenter of security policies. While efforts to establish the framework continue in the academic and international spheres, at the same time, plans are designed regarding how humanitarian security can be achieved. Humanitarian crises in conflict zones are accepted as a global problem, and to solve this problem, international collaboration and coordination should be strengthened. This study examines the concepts of humanitarian aid and humanitarian security in detail and emphasizes the relationship between these concepts and their importance to the resolution of problems in conflict zones today.

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Türkiye’nin İnsani Yardım Faaliyetleri ve Ekonomik Kazanımları İlişkisi

Author(s): Azize Namdar / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

This paper seeks to answer the question of whether Turkey has made gains in its economic relations with countries to which it provides humanitarian aid. In order to reach the effects of direct state aid, bilateral official development assistance (ODA) is taken as a reference. In this context, the independent variable of the research is Turkey’s bilateral ODA in 2021, and the dependent variable is the amount of economic gains (EG) obtained from the relevant ODA countries in 2022. With these variables, the research includes a cross-sectional time dimension and a model that envisages obtaining quantitative data in survey type and analyzing them with appropriate programs. The quantitative data obtained from official institutional documents were analyzed using the IBM SPSS v.29 program. Syria was excluded due to its military and political differentiation in the aid process, and the research universe includes 119 countries with 938.16 million USD. Sample selection was based on the countries that received the highest amount of ODA through purposive selection technique. In the random checks among the countries with less than 1 million USD aid, the amount was limited to 1 million USD since the EG data of the relevant countries - foreign trade, tourism income - could not be reached and statistical tests were applied for 36 countries. Altruistic behavior, geopolitical interests and domestic policy interests are considered as the main drivers of humanitarian aid. The findings suggest that there is no significant increase in Turkey’s economic gains in terms of foreign trade and tourism revenues in return for increasing ODA. Moreover, although there is a positive relationship between the independent variable ODA amounts and the dependent variable economic gains, there is a low correlation well below the medium level. Contrary to the literature, the results of the regression equation do not indicate that Turkey can achieve international economic gains as a result of its humanitarian aid, considering the sample limitation.

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