Od znaczenia do konceptu: pragmatyczno-kulturowe aspekty specyfikacji semantycznej

Author(s): Aleksander Kiklewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 07/2020

The author discusses theoretical issues of functional semantics, especially such directions of the contemporary anthropological linguistics as ethnosemantics and cognitive semantics. The diversification of the content of a lexical meaning under the influence of external, mainly pragmatic and cultural, factors is the primary object of interest here. Therefore, the author considers the degree of semantic specification of lexical units at various levels of interpersonal communication: both general and subcultural. As assumed by the contemporary cultural linguistics, a concept is considered to be a category of representation of knowledge encoded in language signs. The author gives arguments in favour of the view that the opposition of the (lexical, general) meaning and concept is gradual and concerns the scope of semantic information encoded in the sign in accordance with adaptive requirements.

VANINA SUMROVA, NEW FEMINITIVES IN BULGARIAN

Author(s): Joanna Satoła-Staśkowiak / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2019

Review of: JOANNA SATOŁA-STASKOWIAK - VANINA SUMROVA, NEW FEMINITIVES IN BULGARIAN, PUBLISHED BY THE BULGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE “PROF. MARIN DRINOV”, SOFIA 2018, PP. 196.

Leksyka muzyczna w rosyjsko-polskiej leksykografii. Stan obecny versus potrzeby użytkowników

Author(s): Ewelina Parafińska-Korybska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 54/2019

In order to meet the expectations of receivers, who come across vocabulary from various areas in their everyday life, general bilingual dictionaries include lexis from many different fields. This article analyses one such group in Russian-Polish lexicography: musical lexis. The analysis offered here considers translation pairs extracted from two most comprehensive Russian-Polish dictionaries. The study categorises musical lexis into semantic classes and verifies the accuracy, semantic relevance and currency of provided equivalents. The aim was to establish whether general bilingual lexicography meets the needs of users looking for equivalents in this lexical area. Basing on selected material, the article also compares the structure of entries in each dictionary and considers cultural background of musical lexis in the context of Russian culture. To illustrate the issues in focus, the study comments on a number of examples and proposes some solutions to problematic cases.

Церковнослов’янізми з богослужбово-обрядовою семантикою в українській мові ХVІ–ХVІІІ ст.

Author(s): Yuriy Osinchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2018

In this paper, the author analyzes the structure, word formation, and meaning of Church Slavonic lexical elements with semantics of worship and rites on the basis of secular written documents which served as a source for the Dictionary of the Ukrainian language in the 16th and the first half of the 17th centuries and for the Historical Dictionary of the Ukrainian language edited by Ye. Tymchenko. The use of Church Slavonic lexicalized phrases and idioms are also studied. The development of semantics of Church Slavonic words in presentday Ukrainian and in liturgical practice is considered as well.

Угорські запозичення в західноукраїнських топонімічних переказах

Author(s): Lesia Mushketyk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2019

The oral folk prose of Transcarpathia is a valuable source of history and culture of the region. Supplementing the written sources, it has maintained popular attitudes towards events, giving assessments and interpretations that are often different from the official one. In the Ukrainian oral tradition, we find many words borrowed from other languages, in particular Hungarian, which reflects the long period of cohabitation as well as shared historical events and contacts. They also occur in local toponymic legends, which in their own way explain the origin of the local names and are closely linked with the life and culture of the region, contain a lot of ethnographic, historical, mythological, and other information. They are represented mainly by lexical borrowings, Hungarian proper names and realities, which were transformed, absorbed and modified in another system, and, among other things, has served the originality of the Transcarpathian folklore. The process of borrowing the Hungarianisms is marked by heterochronology and a significant degree of assimilation in the receiving environment. It is known about the long-lasting contacts of the Hungarians with Rus at the time of birth of the homeland – the Honfoglalás, as evidenced by the current geographical names associated with the heroes of the events of that time – the leaders of uprisings Attila, Almash, Prince Latorets (the legends Almashivka, About the Laborets and the White Horse Mukachevo Castle). In the names of toponymic legends and writings there are mentions of the famous Hungarian leaders, the leaders of the uprisings – King Matthias Corvinus, Prince Ferenc Rákóczi II, Lajos Kossuth (the legends Matyashivka, Bovtsar, Koshutova riberiya). Many names of villages, castles and rivers originate from Hungarian lexemes and are their derivatives, explaining the name itself (narratives Sevlyuskyy castle, Gotar, village Gedfork). The times of the Tatar invasion were reflected in the legends The Great Ravine Bovdogovanya and The village Goronda. Sometimes, the nomination is made up of two words – Ukrainian and Hungarian (Mount Goverla, Canyon Grobtedie). In legends, one can find mythological and legendary elements. The process of borrowing Hungarianisms into Ukrainian is marked by heterochronology, meanwhile borrowings remain unchanged only partially, and in general, they are assimilated in accordance with the phonetic and morphological rules of the Ukrainian language. Consequently, this is a creative process, caused by a number of different factors –social, ethnocultural, aesthetic, etc. In the course of time, events and characters in oral narratives are erased from human memory, so they can be mixed, modified and updated, adapting to new realities.

Устойчивые сравнения в языке спортивного дискурса: русско-украинские параллели

Author(s): Aleksndr Viktorovich Savchenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2019

Nowadays, sports play an important role in the world, both from the pure competitive (even emulative) and political point of view. The influence of sports is also traced here at the linguistic level: many words and expressions from the field of sports penetrate the language but, on the other hand, the sphere of sports itself becomes a fertile ground for the emergence of new expressive words and idioms having different stylistic and expressive colours that can perform various pragmatic functions. In the language of sports, lexical units often acquire a new meaning related to sports; in some cases, the meanings of already existing metaphorical phraseological models are actualized. The paper is devoted to the problem of the status and description of one of the types of phraseological units, i.e. stable comparisons, which are used in the sphere of sports or sports discourse in modern Russian and Ukrainian languages. On the one hand, these units have their origins in sports slang as well as in mass media language and also come from common phraseology and other discourses. On the other hand, such units have not only a high expressive level but they are often used as picturesque and metaphorical means in other discourses, e.g. political, social, or economic. Such expressions are nowadays very popular and commonly used both in spoken language (speech) and in mass media language. Stable comparisons are, in fact, a universally figurative and expressive means of language which can be used in any situation, context, and in any pragmatic field of language use. The sphere of sports is not an exception, where such language units fulfil various functions both in the language of sports journalism (oral reportages, articles on sports, internet communication and discussions in internet forums specializing in sports) and in the speech of the athletes themselves. This paper discusses some of the most commonly used stable comparisons in the sphere of sports (i.e. sports discourse) both in Russian and Ukrainian languages. The metaphorical models of such units are examined from the point of view of Russian–Ukrainian language convergence. It can be stated that the language of modern Russian sports journalism can be seen today to a certain extent as a possible (or potential) prototype for the development of Ukrainian-language sports discourse. Generally speaking, live contacts in interdiscourse sports communication, including the language of sports journalism, however, are still ongoing and active language interaction at the level of vocabulary and phraseology remains one of the most effective means of enriching the vocabulary of the national language.

Лексичні засоби позначення дитячого віку в писемних пам’ятках української мови ХVІ–ХVІІІ ст.

Author(s): Oksana Zelіnsʹka / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2019

Research devoted to childhood as a social-cultural phenomenon has become more active in present-day science. Scientists study some peculiarities of the perception of child and childhood by society in different historical epochs, try to fix childhood limits and to define age periods within child age, and make a conclusion that in many cases, periods of man’s life are correlated with social roles of people rather than with biological age, and they were formed under the influence of social institutes developing together with the evolution of society. The present paper analyzes lexical means used in written records of the Ukrainian language in the 16th–18th centuries to denote child age and express the concept of an age differentiation of childhood. The written records of the Ukrainian language of different genres in the mentioned period were the sources of the research: e.g. business language records, P. Berynda’s dictionary, religious texts, sermons, and poetic works. Lexical units expressing child age to denote childhood as an age period of man’s life and general names originating from colloquial language and taken from Church Slavonic were used to denote children. Written sources confirm an active use of hypocoristic forms. The lack of a clear classification of childhood into separate age periods is seen in the system of children’s names. Most of the general names denoting children did not represent an age gradation of childhood and only some words were special names of a child expressing an age characteristic: those were the names of a newly-born child and a baby. Some adjectives combination with nouns to denote children indicated a relative age characteristic (little, minor) but the contexts in which phrases with the adjective little were used did not give a reason to distinguish between a little child and a young man. In several sources, a seven-year period was classified as a special stage in a child’s life, first of all, due to religious practice. According to Christian tradition, a child was considered to have no sins until the age of 7 since he or she cannot distinguish between good and bad. After that, he or she had to shrive. In secular practice, the age of 7 became the time when a child would be sent to an educational institution. The texts of pedagogical orientation prove the synonymy of common names denoting children with special names of the individuals who get education. A differentiation according to an age characteristic “adulthood” vs. “minority” can be seen clearly, which is explained by the legal status of an adult and, correspondingly, is expressed by the corresponding lexical denotations. The vocabulary denoting this age period is mostly represented by sources written in business language. One can see that lexical semantics, with help of which child age is marked in records of the Ukrainian language in the 16th–18th centuries, gives a general concept of childhood common for Ukrainian and European social communities of that time.

Critica et Bibliographia

Author(s): Oleg Fedoszov,Marija Mandić,Mladen Pavičič,Péter Milosevits,Siarhiej Zaprudski,Laszlo Yasai / Language(s): English,Russian Issue: 1/2019

The review of: 1) PÁTROVICS Péter: A lengyel igeaspektus kérdései. Lengyel–magyar strukturális aspektusszótár [Вопросы польского глагольного вида. Польско-венгерский структурно-аспектуальный словарь]. Budapest: Lengyel Kutatóintézet és Múzeum, 2018. 220 p. 2) WITZLACK-MAKAREVICH Kai (Hg.): Kalkierungs- und Entlehnungssprachen in der Slavia: Boris Unbegaun zum 120. Geburtstag. Berlin: Frank & Timme, 2018. 363 S. 3) SZOFRICS Pál: Képek Szentendre – és a szerbség – történetéből [Images from the History of Szentendre and the Serbs]. (Szentendrei füzetek.) Szentendre: Pest Megyei Könyvtár, 2017. 242 p. 4) JUVAN Marko: Hibridni žanri. Študije o križancih izkustva, mišljenja in literature [Hybrid Genres: Studies on Hybrids of Experience, Thought, and Literature]. Ljubljana: Literarno-umetniško društvo Literatura, 2017. 220 p. 5) ПИЛИПЕНКО Г. Языковая и этнокультурная ситуация воеводинских венгров. Взгляд «изнутри» и «извне». Санкт-Петербург: «Нестор-История», 2017. 336 с. 6) ДРОНОВ П. С. Очерки по культурным трансферам во фразеологии. Москва: Институт языкознания РАН, 2018. 102 с.

О истакнутим асоцијативним истраживањима на Западу у 21. веку и могућностима њихове примене у (домаћој) лингвистици

Author(s): Ana Lj. Petrović Dakić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 21/2020

Since local associative research has, so far, been oriented towards the East and Russia, the aim of this paper is to give an overview of lesser-known, but interesting Western research, which could be of use to our linguists in the future. The associative method is used in different branches of the social sciences, but here we will focus on achievements in areas closest to our researchers: the use of this method with corpora, in order to facilitate vocabulary search; the construction of mental lexicon models based on verbal associations; and the use of these associations in the field of applied linguistics, in regard to second language acquisition.

Бележка за формите на лексемата „български“ в диалектите на Югозападна и Южна Централна Македония

Author(s): Larry-Labro Korolov,Larry Labro Koroloff / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

This short article deals with the origin of the lexeme , as well as бугарин, бугарка, бугари the different forms of the adjective бугарцки, which appear in the dialects, spoken in a large area of South Central Macedonia. While it is sometimes accepted that the forms бугарин, бугари and forms бугарски of the in central and north Macedonian dialects, as well as in standard Macedonian norm, codified in 1945 in the former Yugoslavia, are due to Serbian influence, the south central Macedonian forms have a different origin.

КОМПАРАТИВНА АНАЛИЗА СРПСКИХ И ШПАНСКИХ ПАРЕМИЈА СА ЛЕКСЕМОМ "СРЦЕ"

Author(s): Ivana Georgijev / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

This article presents a comparative analysis of Serbian and Spanish prov- erbs and sayings containing the lexeme heart, in order to discover and compare how these two cultural and linguistic communities experience and interpret the world that surrounds them. The aim of this paper is to extract proverbs containing the lexeme heart and then to classify them using a qualitative and descriptive method of analysis according to the ideas they contain when defining and portraying the concept of heart. Accordingly, the research questions in this paper are: In what way(s) do Serbian and Spanish proverbs and sayings containing the lexeme heart conceptualize this concept and, therefore, how is this organ represented in the cultures and languages of these two communities? What similarities and differences do Serbian and Spanish proverbs and sayings portray at the level of ideas? The analysis has shown that both Serbian and Spanish proverbs illustrate the same or similar ideas, revealing similarities rather than differences in the ways of understanding and conceptualizing the concept of heart. This does not come as a surprise, bearing in mind that these two communities share the Indo-European language heritage and belong to similar socio-historical and cultural contexts. The heart is perceived as the most important organ in the human body, crucial for its functioning. At the same time, it is the central place for one’s feel- ings and therefore a vital element in the functioning of one’s emotional life. Love is perceived as the most important feeling that causes happiness: a heart that is happy is a heart filled with love, and it affects people and their health positively. The heart also helps us to cope with troubles and overcome adverse life circumstances. It has the need and desire to approach the object of love: if the object of love is not physically present, love weakens, and the emotional bond between two people can be interrupted. When it comes to differences, Spanish language offers more proverbs and sayings, while Serbian language lacks examples in which the concept of heart is connected with the body temperature (heat and cold), food, intuition, honesty and loyalty.

ПРОТОТИПНИ ФРАНЦУСКИ ПАРАФРАСТИЧНИ КОНЕКТОР "C’EST-À-DIRE" И ЊЕГОВИ СРПСКИ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ

Author(s): Anđela D. Vasiljević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

Les études contrastives des connecteurs textuels constituent un champ d’investigation très vaste et intéressant sur plusieurs points de vue: morphosyntaxique, sémantique, pragmatique et stylistique. Les divers domaines de la linguistique appli- quée, tels que la didactique des langues étrangères et la traductologie peuvent profiter des conclusions précieuses issues des résultats obtenus par ce type de recherches contrastives. En basant notre travail sur la typologie de C. Rossari, membre distinguée de l’École de la pragmatique intégrée, développée à l’Université de Genève, d’après laquelle il existe deux types des opérations de reformulation – paraphrastique et non paraphrastique –, nous avons opté pour l’analyse du connecteur français c’est-à-dire, considéré comme marqueur prototypique de la reformulation paraphrastique. Le but principal d’un tel travail consiste à proposer plusieurs possibilités de traduction du connecteur donné en serbe, tout en signalant ses différentes valeurs sémantiques. Tout d’abord, nous proposons une ouverture théorique portant sur le cadre métho- dologique dans lequel cette étude évolue. Ensuite, la partie appliquée est consacrée à l’analyse des exemples tirés des corpus monolingues et parallèles du français et du serbe. Ce faisant, nous tâchons d’analyser les différents degrés de correspondances existant entre les structures des connecteurs de reformulation en français et en serbe.

ПРИДЕВИ ЗА БОЈЕ СА ИМЕНИЦОМ КАО ПРВИМ КОНСТИТУЕНТОМ У НЕМАЧКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ И ЊИХОВИ ЕКВИВАЛЕНТИ У СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ

Author(s): Sofija I. Mijović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Adjektive als Farbbezeichnungen mit substantivischem Erstglied im Deustchen untersucht, mit dem Ziel ihre Äquivalente im Serbischen festzustellen und systematisch zu beschreiben. Diese Klasse von Adjektiven, in der Literatur als Vergleichsbildungen bekannt, stellt ein hochproduktives Wortbildungsmuster im Deutschen, wobei Erstglieder die semantische Funktion „Vergleichsgröße” spielen. Mit Hilfe von dem als Nomen realisierten Erstglied werden die Farbnuancen durch die Vergleichs- bildung sprachlich verbalisiert. Die durchgeführte Korpusanalyse hat zwei Unterklassen von Adjektiven erbracht, deren Struktur folgendermaßen dargestellt werden kann Typ 1. Nomen+ Adjektiv und Typ 2. Nomen + Konfix -farben. Der Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung liegt hauptsächlich in der Analyse der Äquivalenzrelationen zwischen den sprachlichen Einheiten des Deutschen als Ausgangssprache und des Serbischen als Zielsprache.

О ПРЕЗЕНТАЦИЈИ АНТРОПОНИМИЈСКЕ КАТЕГОРИЈЕ "ЛИЧНО ИМЕ" У УЏБЕНИЦИМА СРПСКОГ ЈЕЗИКА ЗА СТРАНЦЕ

Author(s): Mirjana R. Obradović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

The paper considers personal names in the textbooks for learning Ser- bian as a foreign language. The corpus consists of the names from A1 and A2 level textbooks. The paradigms of personal names in the textbooks are considered, and it is checked whether linguistic and cultural comments on personal names are given in the textbooks. Analytical-synthetic, descriptive, and statistical methods are applied in the study. The result confirms the hypothesis that there are no precise criteria for using personal names in Serbian language textbooks for foreign learners. In both textbooks analyzed, morphological forms of personal names rarely vary (the most commonly used case form is nominative, and none of the names is changed in all cases). Personal names are not viewed as a lexicon characterized by high cultural potential. Suggestions are proposed for improving the presentation of personal names in Ser- bian language textbooks for foreign learners. The arbitrariness associated with the selection and presentation of anthroponyms in textbooks can be eliminated if: (a) we choose common Serbian names of Christian origin; (b) we consider the personal name as a culture-bound item and (c) we choose personal names that are illustra- tive for different grammatical exercises. It is interesting to view personal names as a material for the development of grammatical and cultural competences. Namely, at the beginner level, it is essential to completely master the grammatical categories of common personal names in Serbian. Furthermore, personal names are a good starting point for the cultural framework of beginner level teaching.

ВРЕДАН ДОПРИНОС САВРЕМЕНОЈ ЛЕКСИКОЛОШКОЈ ТЕОРИЈИ

Author(s): Gorica R. Tomić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 69/2019

Vijeće za normu hrvatskoga standardnog jezika

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2-4/2013

Vijeće za normu hrvatskoga standardnog jezika bilo je legitimirano stručno tijelo pri Vladi Republike Hrvatske, pri njezinu Ministarstvu znanosti, obrazovanja i športa. Osnovao ga je 14. travnja 2005. ministar Dragan Primorac i dao mu zadatak da skrbi o hrvatskome standardnom jeziku.

Die rumäniendeutsche Standardvarietät – ein „Viertelzentrum“ des Deutschen?

Author(s): Brunhilde Böhls / Language(s): German Issue: _/2019

Das Deutsche ist eine plurizentrische Sprache wie Französisch und Englisch. Die nationalen Voll- und Halbzentren der deutschen Standardsprache in den drei heutigen Staaten Österreich, Schweiz und Deutschland sowie in Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Ostbelgien und Südtirol haben mit ihren sprachlichen Besonderheiten erstmalig gemeinsam Eingang gefunden in das Variantenwörterbuch des Deutschen von 2004. In dessen zweite, völlig neu bearbeitete Auflage wurden neben den genannten Staaten und Regionen zusätzlich die sogenannten „Viertelzentren“ Rumänien, Namibia sowie die Mennonitensiedlungen mit ihren lexikalischen Spezifika aufgenommen. Zum ersten Mal bekommt damit die deutsche Hochsprache der deutschen Minderheit in Rumänien einen gebührenden Platz in einem Lexikon der deutschen Sprache neben den anderen Voll- und Halbzentren. Verantwortlich für die rumäniendeutschen Spezifika, die in die Neuauflage des Variantenwörterbuchs aufgenommen wurden, war der namhafte rumänische Lexikologe Ioan Lăzărescu. Aufgrund von Platzmangel entschied er sich für lediglich rund 80 Rumänismen. Bereits 2008 brachte Lăzărescu gemeinsam mit dem Regensburger Linguisten Hermann Scheuringer ein weiteres Nachschlagewerk heraus, in dem die historisch bedingten Gemeinsamkeiten mit dem Österreichischen aufgeführt und ins Rumänische übersetzt sind.

„ONU SUZ ETTİRMEK İÇİN BİR ZANAAT VEREİM” - NEKA ZAPAŽANJA O LEKSIKU LATINIČNIH TEKSTOVA NA TURSKOM JEZIKU

Author(s): Ekrem Čaušević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2000

In the article entitled "Onu suz ettirmek ićin bir zanaat vereim" - Some Observations on the Lexis of the Texts in the Turkish Language Written in Latin Script, the author observes the lexis of the so-called Bosnian Turkish language, i.e. of the idiom used in the Ottoman period (i) in the territory of the present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. The lexis of the idiom has been analyzed on the basis of the texts written in Latin script (dictionaries and grammar books) in Turkish from the 19th century, whose authors were the Franciscan priests of Bosnia and Herzegovina. In these texts the following lexical features have been noted: 1) frequent shift of semantic field of general- Ottoman words [e.g. the word (h)ayvan is used to mean "horse"]; 2) "terming" the Turkish appellatives [e.g. the word nur meaning "God's order"]; 3) overuse of foreign words [religious terms from Armenian and Greek]; 4) the use of words of Slavic origin, dialect words, regional words, ete., i.e. of the words whose etymology is difficult to determine. One of them is the "Bosnian" verb suz ~ süz ol- "keep silent", suz ettir- "shut somebody up", which is not recorded in dictionaries of the Ottoman/Turkish language, i.e. in glossaries of modern west-Rumelian dialects available to me.

ORTOGRAFSKE KARAKTERISTIKE LJETOPISA MULA MUSTAFE BAŠESKIJE

Author(s): Kerima Filan / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2000

The paper deals with the orthographic features of The Chronicle written in the second part of the 18th century by the Bosniak Mula Mustafa Bašeskija in Turkish. Examples of lexical and grammatical morphemes noted down in a graphic picture different from the accepted Ottoman-Turkish orthography of the time are analyzed. Departures from the orthography in marking Arabic and Persian lexemes are relatively rare in The Chronicle. In this lexical layer, the mixing of different graphies is noticed in some places that in Turkish have the same phonic value. In marking Turkish lexemes and suffixes, in some places we can trace departures from the orthography of the time. The reasons behind this are various. In some examples, a double way of spelling is noted as a result of the mixing up of the graphemes having the same phonic value. This type of departure is easily noticed and does not affect the determination of the phonetic picture of the analyzed linguistic element. In some examples, the graphic differences are the result of mixing traditional orthography and spoken language. Such departures are interesting from the point of linguistic research because they reflect the real status of the language at that time. The spelling of some of the lexemes and suffixes reflect their phonetic picture in the Turkish language as spoken in Bosnia. Such examples are relevant for getting to know the dialect features of that speech. In the spelling of some lexical and grammatical morphemes, we can notice that the writer used the graphies being in use in the local Aljamiado literacy. So some of the phonemes were written down in the graphies having originally other phonetic values. Such departures are only of graphic nature and do not reflect real pronunciation.

NEKA ZAPAŽANJA O PRENOŠENJU TURSKIH USTALJENIH KOLOKACIJA NA BOSANSKI JEZIK

Author(s): Amina Šiljak-Jesenković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 46/1997

On the basis of different examples of set collocations known of in the Bosnian and Turkish languages, this paper tries to bring some observations on the transfer of the meaning of Turkish set collocations into the Bosnian language. Introđuction, in addition to definitions of idioms and other set collocations, deals with the issues encountered when transferring them from one linguistic system into the other. Although definitions of such idioms point out the fact that they are untranslatable into other languages, given here are numerous examples of Turkish set collocations taken over by the Bosnian language and adapted phonetically and phonologically, adapted partially or in kalk. Phonetically-phonologically adapted Turkish collocations in the Bosnian language are marked as a characteristic of a speech community. The example of the expression bašum sagosum points to its use in this form, and to develop new meanings in its kalk in the Bosnian language. The author gives some notes , too, about possible translations of some Turkish set collocations from everyday communication, drawing attention to different possibilities of interpretation o f the same collocation, depending on the speech situation. Also, some curses and blessings in the Turkish language can be called idioms. Some of them, if literally translated, lose their meaning, while in the description of the meaning they lose their metaphoricalness. There are also examples that show possibilities of kalking these idioms, as well as transferring their meanings by stylistically and semantically close forms in the Bosnian language. Here have been recorded examples of Bosnian idioms with Turkish lexical corpus constituents, motivated by social relations, general experience or belief. On the basis of a large number of examples of synonymous Bosnian and Turkish idioms expressed with the same lexical and grammatical means within the two language systems, the author advances a hypothesis that those kalks are products of languages in contact, and parallel in the Turkish and the Bosnian languages he examines possibilities of varying those idioms within their firm structure. With regard to this, he defines some similarities. He also points out the metaphoricalness of the idioms as their feature.