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A glance at the concept of money through its linguistic realization by the tokens of ‘coin’ and ‘banknote’ in Bulgarian language

Author(s): Ivo B. Panchev / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

This article deals with coins and banknotes as linguistic implementations of the concept of money. Based on an analysis of proverbs and sayings as well as other language material, the method of perception of the nature and characteristics of the coin and banknote by native speakers of Bulgarian language and culture is deduced. The names of Bulgarian coins and banknotes, popular phrases involving these lexemes, and the roles of the coin and banknote in Bulgarian culture are considered. Unambiguously comes the conclusion that the coin is a much more 'popular representative' of the concept of money in the Bulgarian language and culture.

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A janë njësi të veҫanta leksikore foljet vetvetore në gjuhën shqipe?

Author(s): Anila Shorri / Language(s): Albanian / Issue: 38.1/2019

The Albanian language contains dozens of lexicological, semantic and word-forming classes in its lexicology, which need to be further studied, especially regarding their most important aspect, i.e. the semantic one. Such a class is composed of passive and reflexive verbs, which have so far been subject to pure grammatical and word-forming research. There is no comprehensive research that focuses on their lexicological content or semantics to answer the question whether reflexive and passive verbs represent separate lexicological units, i.e. units of an entirely independent meaning from the respective active voices or whether they are forms that derive form them. The answer to this question is first of all related with the nature of their lexicological content, and secondly with the concept of the diathesis and conjugation of verbs. In grammar and vocabularies, diathesis is at times defined as a grammar category and included as an element of verb conjugation, and at others as a lexicological-grammatical category. While verb conjugation is seen from different perspectives, researchers have often different, and more then rarely even contradictory views. The research analyses 2390 reflexive verbs extracted from the Dictionary of the modern Albanian language, 1980. A careful review of the lexicological groups and sub-groups tries to answer the question: are reflexive verbs separate lexicological units in the Albanian language? The research intends to shed light, using the componential analyses approach, within its limits, on the lexicological semantics of reflexive verbs in the Albanian language, which is the scope of our PhD thesis,

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A láb/нога főnevekből alkotott magyar és szerb szavak kontrasztív elemzése

Author(s): Edit Andrić / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2016

Hungarian and Serbian nouns indicating limb of human beings and terrestrial animals useful for dislocation. I would like to reveal to what extent the different typological nature of the two languages affect the method of word-building. By examining the corpus of the two languages, I have reached the conclusion that just as rich, but at the same time less structured set of derivatives of the Serbian language enable the formation of derivatives roughly with an identical number. In the paper I touch upon the semantics of the words as well in order to be able to establish that the lexical meaning of the nouns being the subject of the study motivates word-building. Ultimately I have also made a word-class classification of words resulted this way.

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A LEXICOGRAPHICAL APPROACH TO THE CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF BULGARIAN AND POLISH PHRASEOLOGY

Author(s): Diana Blagoeva,Maciej Paweł Jaskot,Wojciech Paweł Sosnowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 19/2019

This article discusses the concept behind The Lexicon of Active Bulgarian and Polish Phraseology [Leksykon aktywnej frazeologii bułgarskiej i polskiej] and provides an overview of the key aspects of the methodology used for selecting and composing the dictionary’s entries. The authors outline the theoretical underpinnings of this project, touching on the issue of interlingual equivalence, and explain both the process of selecting and verifying phraseological material and the methodology of presenting lexicographical information in the Lexicon. The article includes various examples of active phraseological units from both languages.

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A Lexicological Approach to Look-up Frequency of Turkish Sign Language Dictionary Users

Author(s): Erdem Önal,Bahtiyar Makaroğlu / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

From a lexicography perspective, the phenomenon of dictionary lookup frequencies can answer many critical questions on the dictionary users’ needs and the relationship between corpus data and look-up tendencies. Although numerous studies have been carried out on the theoretical and functional aspects of look-up frequencies in the field of spoken language to date, there are relatively a few attempts to describe the characteristics of look-up behaviors in sign languages. This paper investigates the relationship between the objective frequency list of the Turkish Sign Language Corpus (Makaroğlu, 2021) and The Contemporary Turkish Sign Language Dictionary (Makaroğlu & Dikyuva, 2017) look-up occurrences. Using an approach to compare corpus data and log files, the results demonstrate that there are very limited similarities between the two and that there is no positive relationship for the percentage of the highest ranked items. In addition, the current study concludes that the corpus-based objective frequency list is a comparatively poor predictor of the dictionary look-up frequency and this difference could be direct result of the morphological structure of the words/signs in TİD (rather simultaneous realization) compared to Turkish (rather agglutinative morphology).

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A METHODOLOGICAL MODEL OF AN ELECTRONIC COLLECTION OF WIDESPREAD EUROPEAN FOOD IDIOMS

Author(s): Petronela Savin / Language(s): English / Issue: 31/2014

The present paper aims at presenting the research methodology for creating an electronic collection of widespread European food idioms, corresponding to the shared European cultural heritage. This study intends to make use of digital scientific lexicographical methods in the field of phraseology, providing an answer to the challenge regarding the research strategies of studying language from the perspective of cultural universals. Even if the cross-linguistic similarities of idioms according to their cultural foundations seem to gain ground in today's research, the electronic collections are less convincing. In response to the current situation of the onomasiological cross-linguistic corpus of idioms, our study’s main objective is the elaboration of a methodological model of an electronic collection of widespread European food, which exceeds the perspective of a simple compilation of phrasemes that are separately treated and alphabetically ordered, but organised as organic elements related to a coherent system.

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A Possible Slavic Etymology of Hungarian komor ‘gloomy’ and komoly ‘serious’

Author(s): Ádám Galac / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2018

The Hungarian words komor ‘gloomy’ and komoly ‘serious’ are of unknown origin. The present paper aims to elucidate this question from various angles: it gives an overview of what the Hungarian etymological dictionaries say on this topic, shows that komoly is a relatively late development out of komor, spread by the language reformers (especially by Ferenc Kazinczy) at the end of the 18th century, and presents the attempts to prove the Turkic origin of komor. Finally, it offers a Slavic etymology based on the Slavic stem *chmur-, demonstrates that semantically the two words match perfectly, and dissolves the phonological doubts that may arise at first sight.

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A Review of the Humoral Terminology in Romania

Author(s): Ecaterina Pavel / Language(s): English / Issue: 2 (34)/2021

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the terminology designating humours as it appears in Romania. From medicine to literature, from the Hippocratic theory of the four humours (umori) to the etymological doublet umor, this research paper will investigate the semantic and onomasiological fluctuations of three lexical fields: umoare (fluid), umoare (temperament) and umor (humour). The study does not aim to provide a comprehensive inventory of the terms (and their contexts) belonging to these semantic categories, but to identify the terms denoting the three concepts and their evolution in the Romanian language in its process of modernisation.

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A Simplified Grammar of the Polish Language Williama Morfilla – o pierwszej angielskojęzycznej gramatyce języka polskiego

Author(s): Irmina Kotlarska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 01/2021

William Richard Morfill, A Simplified Grammar of the Polish Language (Uproszczona gramatyka języka polskiego), Nicholas Trübner, London, 1884. Review by Irmina Kotlarska.

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A story-based approach to the teaching of English (L2) word writing: A case study from primary education

Author(s): Tú Anh Hà,Andrea Roxana Bellot / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

This case study aimed at exploring the effects of the story-based approach in helping children to write English words in the ESL/EFL primary classroom. It employed a quasi-experiment with 44 children who were in Grade 2 in a semi-private school in Tarragona, Spain; whose English level is pre-A1 (CEFR). The students were evenly divided into two groups: the experimental group and the control group. Only the experimental group was taught by means of the storybased approach. A pre-test, a post-test, and a five-week-later exercise were used to measure students’ ability of writing at word-level. The collected data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and the General linear model in order to identify the difference between the two groups, the effect of time and the influence of the interaction between time and treatments. The analysis provided evidence for considerable improvement in word writing in both experimental and control groups. This may account for frequency and reiteration of the written input, which came to play an imperative role in students’ performance in their word writing. With a limited number of exposures to the target language that the experiment provided (six times), stories were as effective as other teaching methods designed to supply students with written input (such as games and alternate activities) in improving students’ ability to write the target lexical items.

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A token-based investigation of verbal plurality in Lithuanian dialects

Author(s): Kirill Kozhanov,Björn Wiemer / Language(s): English / Issue: 72/2019

This paper examines the use of the verbal suffixes -(d)inė- and dav in Lithuanian dialects. Both suffixes express pluractionality, although of different types, and their distribution in Lithuanian dialects differs as well. Using corpus data, we find that in South Aukštaitian dav is rarer and -(d)inė is more frequent than in East Aukštaitian; in Lithuanian dialects of Belarus -dav- is almost absent. We argue against the assumption that -(d)inėforms have extended into the domain of the past habitual at the expense of dav forms; a slightly higher token frequency of -(d)inė in South Aukštaitian seems to apply irrespective of any particular tense. We also argue that only token-based analyses can substantiate claims concerning areal distribution of certain grammatical forms and constructions.

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Abbreviations in Textese in the Context of English as a Global Language

Author(s): / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2020

This paper deals with abbreviations as a word formation process in textese. Many people, especially the youth, like to use different abbreviated forms of lexical items when chatting via SMS or online. The aim here is to find some instances of this phenomenon and classify them according to their morphological features. The data was collected from a poem written in textese and published by The Guardian in 2001. The analysis includes the examination of the data based on two different types of categorization, the first one modeled after David Crystal’s classification and the second one based on orthographic versus phonological distinction, as created and modified by several authors. This paper shows that there are numerous ways of abbreviating words in textese, and even though it may be presumed that textisms are illogical, they actually do follow some rules.

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ABDULLÂH EL-KÂTİB VE TEZKİRE-İ RUMÂT ADLI ESERİ

Author(s): Saddam Bzour / Language(s): Turkish / Issue: 69/2021

This work consists of the archery book "Tezkire-i Rumât", which is written by the Sheikh and archer Abdullah Al-khateeb who is also the author of the 17th century. Yet, five copies of this book were discovered. Moreover, many studies were conducted to define this book. In these studies information is introduced about the history of writing, the archers of that period and the content of the book. In this work, We could not find the lost copies, hence we did not review the missing copies of the book. This study compares the copy that has barcode number NEKTY2638 in Istanbul University to copy number 395 in Michigan University that was recently reproduced. This article discusses the content, copies, archery terms and the archery fields in the book. This book is considered as a historical document since it provides information about the archers who lived between the year of 1453 and 1689, the names of the cities and places, the challenges held during that period, the archery fields, the archery distances, the records achieved by the archers, the names of the wind that they used to hold archery sessions in, the ottoman archery and the archery terms. Moreover, this work studies linguistics, phonetics, spelling, the diverse structure and words that were not unused previously, as well as revealing the features of orthography as much as possible. Many examples are presented under those titles.

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ABU 'ALI AL-QALI - ENDELUSKI LEKSIKOGRAF

Author(s): Amrudin Hajrić / Language(s): Bosnian / Issue: 15/2011

To be considered a standard language, it is necessary to establish its core disciplines: grammar, lexicography and orthography, and to codify its morphological, syntactic, lexical and orthographic structure through drawing and writing vocabulary, spelling and grammar. In the case of the Arabic language, the basic motive of activities that can be characterized as first steps in the process of standardizing and establishing the said disciplines was the effort to prevent wrong reciting Qur'an i.e., to ensure the prerequisites for correct reading and reciting.

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Accentuation Models of Disyllabic Nouns in the Southern Aukštaitian Dialect

Author(s): Vilija Ragaišienė / Language(s): English / Issue: 68/2016

The article provides an analysis of the accentuation of disyllabic nouns in the Southern Aukštaitian (SAuk) dialect spoken in Southern Lithuania (Alytus, Lazdijai, Varėna, Šalčininkai, Druskininkai and Trakai districts). The term pietų aukštaičiai (southern Aukštaitians) was coined by scholars; because of certain phonetic peculiarities of the dialect, the inhabitants of southern Lithuania consider themselves to be dzūkai (Dzūkians). The SAuk has been of special interest to both dialectologists and Baltic language specialists for a long time. The archaic grammatical forms, syntactic constructions, phonetic, accentual and lexical peculiarities that are features of these dialects are intertwined with new phenomena and thus reveal many stages of the development of the dialect of the Southern Aukštaitians, which in turn can be of help in finding answers to some unanswered questions about the development and usage of language. For this reason more attention and research has been devoted to the SAuk dialect and its broader connections with language as a whole. The article analyses the tendencies of the accentuation parallels of disyllabic nouns with ā, ē, a and i̯a1 stems in the SAuk dialect. Drawing on audio and written sources dating from 1952–2015, the spread of the accentuation variants of the words and their forms in the same subdialect, separate subdialects and/or their groups are discussed; the accentuation patterns of disyllabic nouns with the productive ā, ē, a and i̯a stems that are stressed in various ways are described, and the nature of their prevalence in the area of the dialect is established. The study uses quantitative, geolinguistic and comparative methods.

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Accounting for Language Humour Devices in Terms of Eugeniu Coșeriu’s Theory

Author(s): Gina Măciucă / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2021

While endeavouring to document humour-generating [=HG] devices, we set out on a trek across various theories on language to see which of them – if any – could be made available for tapping in this respect. The idiosyncratic stance Coșeriu took on linguistic norms [=LN], in particular the view he advanced, that they are even apt to cause each other to be breached, greatly assisted us in blazing a trail on the comic effects that could be generated in the process. A synopsis of research on effects orchestrated by infringement of LN and ambiguity combined is presented in the second section of the contribution at hand, after reviewing a selection of theoretical rudiments of both HG devices in Section 1. The third and last section takes linguicomedy a step further, into the shifting sands of translatability, with a major focus on the translator as languacultural communicator. In the concluding remarks to the final subsection thereof we take the liberty to put forward a scale for rating translatability of LN-flouting humour (which just happens to differ – and with good reason, too – from Coșeriu‘s hierarchy of LN-breaching types), as well as the legitimate claim, in our view, of humour translation to a genre per se.

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Acomodarea substantivului abstract în terminologia filozofică

Author(s): Doina Butiurcă / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 19/2015

The study proposes a descriptive-semasiological research of the terminology in the field of philosophy. The relationship between the hard nucleus and the external areas of this sphere of terms, accommodation of abstract nouns in the language of philosophical terminology, identification of opposition markers at specialization level are a few of the objectives set out. The means of maintaining unambiguousness of terms are another focal point for this research. Contrastive analysis, descriptive-linguistic methods and semasiological study are used. One of the conclusions of the research is that the hard nucleus of the philosophical language is the sphere with the highest stability, maintaining a high degree of abstraction. External areas are common variants, migrating from one language to another, having an interdisciplinary character.

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Acquiring Epistemic Modal Auxiliaries: The Role of Theory of Mind

Author(s): Hannah N. M. De Mulder,Annette Gautero-Watzema / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

This study considers the acquisition of epistemic modal auxiliaries (EMA) in typically developing (TD) and autistic children and the role that Theory of Mind (ToM) plays in this development. Nineteen Dutch-speaking TD children and ten autistic children received tasks assessing ToM, general linguistic ability and EMA comprehension. Results suggest that both groups have some understanding of the Dutch EMA system, but no significant differences were found between groups. However, once participants were divided into ToM passers and ToM failers irrespective of clinical diagnosis, results showed that passers performed significantly better than failers on EMA understanding. Having a good understanding of others’ mental states, as evidenced by full marks on ToM tasks, thus seems important in the acquisition of EMA.

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Acta Marisiensis. Philologia

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Romania

Acta Marisiensis. Philologia is an open access journal with all content free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself. The only constraint on reproduction and distribution, and the only role for copyright in this domain, should be to give authors control over the integrity of their work and the right to be properly acknowledged and cited. This is in accordance with the BOAI definition of open acces

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Actionality and affixation of biaspectual verbs in Croatian in the light of formal–functional theory of verbal aspect

Author(s): Zrinka Kolaković / Language(s): English / Issue: 92/2021

Slavic verbal aspect is obligatorily morphologically expressed in the infinitive and infinite verbal forms as one of two opposing values: perfective or imperfective. Additionally, Slavic languages also have biaspectual verbs. If no context is provided, the infinitive of such a verb has the potential to express both aspectual values. In order to achieve greater communicational transparency, however, native speakers sometimes use affixation to derive overtly aspectually marked verbs from biaspectual verbs. Still, not all biaspectual verbs are equally prone to affixation. Moreover, some aspectologists suggest that the type of aspectual affixation seems to depend on the inner actional properties of a verb, not only in the case of biaspectual verbs but in general. That assumption is the starting point for this study of biaspectual verbs and their affixation. This paper addresses the following research question: Do morphologically stable (without any overtly aspectually marked derivatives) and unstable (with overtly aspectually marked derivatives) biaspectual verbs differ on the lexical level, i.e., are their actional properties significantly different? The analysis was conducted on a sample of 38 biaspectual verbs. First, lexical meanings for each analyzed verb were compared and extracted from three dictionaries of contemporary Croatian. Second, a lexical–actional function (actional class) was assigned to each meaning according to a classification proposed within the formal–functional theory of Slavic aspect (Lehmann 1999a, 2009a). In the last step the Fisher exact test was performed. The statistical analysis suggests that the actional properties of morphologically stable and unstable biaspectual verbs differ significantly.

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