" ال سرَّ وأخْفَى" المعنى والدلالة دراسة تفسيريَّةٌ تحليلية
In our paper, the meanings of the words "secret and hafa" in the 7th verse of Surat al-Taha in Qur’an. These words in our study are discussed in terms of faith and flow.
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In our paper, the meanings of the words "secret and hafa" in the 7th verse of Surat al-Taha in Qur’an. These words in our study are discussed in terms of faith and flow.
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The article discusses selected lexical units found in the dialects of Silesia, which refer to the act of speaking. It examines more than 190 tokens and collocations whose common denominator is the meaning of ‘speaking’. Analyzed are units referring to the content of the expression (with the main semantic component ‘to talk nonsense’), as well as those referring to physical aspects of the act of speaking, such as the clarity and accuracy of articulation (‘to speak indistinctly’, ‘to stutter’), the pace of speaking (‘to speak fast’, ‘to speak slowly’), also the tone, pitch, and intensity of the voice (‘to speak softly’, ‘to say shrilly’). An analysis of the collected material shows that these units form a semantically very heterogeneous group, and tokens and idioms which belong to it are characterized by a significant degree of semantic complexity. The article touches also the question of motivation and evaluation which is presented in the text of lexical units.
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In this essay/article, after introducing briefly the ideas expressed by various linguists on the matter in question, the author throws into discussion two issues: the origine of the patronymic Buzuku, as well as the origine of the name of Gjon’s father (Bdek), giving thus his contribution. He thinks that the two names, Buzuk and Buzuq, are nominal compounds. There is no doubt that the first part of these compounds is the noun buz/ë/(lip/s), but with the meaning ‘brink, border, bank’. It seems that with this meaning, are especially linked the toponyms and micro-toponyms, numerous throughout all the toponomastic nomenclature in our country, which come out since early times in various medieval documents to our days. The second part of Buzuk/Buzuq is the name Ujk (wolf), which appears since early in documents as personal name. It seems, then, that in Buzuk as well as in Buzuq, we have a compounding or a juxtaposition of two nouns, which originally named a place, buzë ‘brink’, where there were wolves, this perhaps in connection to some occurrence, now petrified in the micro-toponym Bazulk (respectively Buzuk). Later the noun must have been used as a patronym; over time it may have passed also to the naming of the village according to the name of the kin holding it. We are then within that circle which E. Çabej calls ‘the system of Albanian anthroponomy’.
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The present contribution from the field of comparative Slavonic word for mation deals with a specific feature of the Czech language, namely its frequent (in comparison to other Slavonic tongues) use of adjectives of passive possibility (impossibility), which in Czech usually assume the suffix -telný (or ne-telný), and of so-called viewpoint adverbs, like cenově, vzhledově, and povahově. The article’s main focus is the situation of Czech from a diachronic perspective. Emphasis is also placed upon the differences between particular Slavonic languages as well as in academic traditions of linguistics in particular Slavonic nations. These theoretical remarks are illustrated with examples of different languages conveying the same message with means that are either synthetic (one word, e.g. adjective or adverb) or analytic (multi-word phrase).
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The paper discusses selected problems of the language of football fanatics who constitute the so- -called szalikowcy subculture (‘hooligans; lit. scarfers’). The author pays most attention to two (pejorative) personal expressions: żyd ‘Jew’ and pies ‘dog’ which, in the hate-saturated conflict between the fans of two clubs from Cracow, Cracovia and Wisła, are used as heavy insults and invectives serving to humiliate and depreciate the opponent. The paper analyses the sphere of negative semantic connotations of both words, their origin and fluctuations.
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This article is dedicated to analyses of Bulgarian idioms stemming from semantic fields centred round "earth” and "desert” from the point of view of cultural linguistics. An attempt has been made to classify cultural markers which were found in our material published in the phraseological dictionaries.
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In this paper, based on long-term research and scientific theoretical foundations, the author looks into the issues of embodiment in cognitive metaphors. Grounding on her experiences, she engages in the matter of metaphorical competence and presents the forms of metaphorical cognition, its most common manifestations, as well as the web of metaphors and its mapping factors.
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This study provides insights into discursive practices through a comparative study of keywords in English-language press releases from British, Spanish and Polish energy companies. Even though corporate press releases have been extensively researched, there is a lack of cross-cultural and corpus-based studies in this field. In the present research three corpora of approximately 120,000 words each, containing English-language press releases from British, Spanish and Polish energy companies, were used. The keywords were identified with the Wmatrix tool (Rayson 2009) and the reference corpus consisted of business periodical articles. The analysis of corpus keywords usually provides insights that would be difficult to gain by means of manual analyses of texts or qualitative approaches. The results obtained in this study show notable differences between the corpora with regard to the keywords identified. The use of more general meaning keywords by British companies or more technical keywords by Polish companies suggest that lexical choices might be indicative of different discursive practices used to reach stakeholders and the general public.
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The present research aims at comparing whether teaching vocabulary by the help of audio-visual materials or through traditional ways is a better option in EFL settings. The differences between audiovisual materials and traditional ways have been remarked in the current study. The experiment lasted 3 weeks and was carried out with 36 secondary school students (control and experiment groups). Each group consisted of 18 participants. Firstly, the predetermined target words were taught to both groups by audiovisual materials or traditional ways such as writing, repeating, and translation. Secondly, a vocabulary quiz was applied to the experimental and control groups. When the scores were compared, there wasn’t any significant difference. However, the experimental group was relatively more successful than the control group. Thirdly, a questionnaire and an interview were applied to the participants by the researcher. The results showed that participants prefer to use audiovisual materials in vocabulary activities. Also, it was observed that audiovisual materials make the lessons more interesting and promote the motivation of the learners.
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In this paper we will discuss a conceptual problem that poses at least three questions: 1. Is the name part of speech still appropriate in the current grammar or should it be replaced by lexical-grammatical class (with its related subdivisions), which is used in the vision proposed by the Basic Romanian Grammar (GBLR)?; 2. Is this terminological replacement n advantage in teaching? 3. What is the need based on which part of speech could be justifiably considered obsolete? As we will show in this paper, the name part of speech from the 1963/1966 Academy Grammar (GLR) is preserved by the 2005 Romanian Grammar (GALR) as well, which adds certain distinctions that we will present and detail. However, the 2010 Basic Romanian Grammar (GBLR) is different from both the 1963/1966 Academy Grammar (GLR) and the 2005 Romanian Grammar (GALR), with the declared purpose of being accessible for didactic use. We will analyse to what extent this goal has been reached or could be reached from our point of view
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This is a corpus-driven study based on the TNCv3.0 to determine the co-occurrence patterns of the focus particle sırf (only/just) in its scopes. The study revealed that sırf’s syntactic associates are largely phrases or clauses of purpose or reason. Over half of the 430 concordance lines analysed had various purpose or reason expressions as sırf’s focused constitutes. The most frequent colligates in the exclusive operator’s scopes are reason and purpose markers diye or için, ranking the first two in its collocation list. This very strong lexical priming suggests a pragmatic motivation. By choosing sırf rather than any other particles like sadece or yalnızca, the speaker not only marks the single reason or purpose for which something is done but also often reflects a negative attitude to reasons or purposes as being unjustifiable. The most unfavourable prosody was detected in the collostruction sırf +noun+ olsun diye, in which almost all the nouns in the ‘noun’ slot are abstract, most of which have negative connotations.
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In this article a new etymology is presented for an important cultural “Wanderwort”, “garlic”. The author uses the earlier elaborated etymologies of Turkic, Mongolie and Indo-European languages by explaining the well-known Turkic sarmysak ‘garlic’ as an Indo-European loan word. This explanation is based on Iranian data which were not used by the linguists before.
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Lexical cohesion has been studied within several frameworks in the past few decades. In this paper we are concerned with the systemic functional approach of cohesion set out by Halliday and Hasan. According to them, lexical cohesion is a relationship established at the level of lexis, and hence at a lexicogrammatical level. The paper is divided into two distinctive parts: the first part briefly enumerates the most important approaches regarding lexical cohesion, whilst the second part describes the elaborating relations: repetition, synonymy and hyponymy, the extending relations: meronymy, and the collocations.
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Both in the traditional Romanian grammar and the modern one, the classification of the object is done by extra grammatical standards. The designations 'direct object', 'indirect object' , 'secondary object' don't mean anything, statistically speaking about the morphosyntactic in the Romanian language, and those as 'object of place', 'object of time', 'object of manner' etc. have a purely semantic explanation, not at all grammatical. For this specific reason, in the given article, we aim to realise an exclusively morphosyntactic classification of the object, having regard to, first of all, the relational/syntactical standards, and on the flip side, the morphological ones. More specifically, we will classify the object by the way it subordinates to its primal term ‒ by the derivation of nouns depending on cases, preposition, adherence or verbal affixes of manner ‒ and by the lexico-grammatical classes by which it expresses its self.
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The article begins with addressing alleged similarities between Eimear McBride’s debut novel A Girl Is a Half-Formed Thing and James Joyce’s works to suggest that they cannot be systematically sustained. Her much praised, experimental style relies on the opposite of Joycean richness. Limited vocabulary, jumbled word order, and lexical and phrasal repetitions are one of the most salient features of her style. McBride applies rhetorical variants of conduplicatio to create an emotionally powerful idiom to narrate an anti-Bildungsroman about a loving sister and her dying brother, her sexual abuse by an uncle and final suicide. So despite some thematic parallels, and linguistic experimentation, A Girl bears only superficial resemblance to the modernist master, which is additionally evidenced by stylometric findings.
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This paper uses a co-citation analysis to examine the research on L2 vocabulary acquisition that was published in 1985. This year seems to mark a kind of transition in the field. Unlike the earlier years analysed in this series of papers, 1985 shows signs of a coherent L2 vocabulary research front developing. The number of papers that qualify for inclusion is much greater than in previous years, and the analysis suggests that recognizable research themes are beginning to be clearly articulated.
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One of the most significant changes English has undergone throughout its history involves the change in vocabulary. Lexical changes include the loss of words or their meanings, the introduction of new words, and the adaptation of already existing words by changing their meanings. English has borrowed massively from many languages, especially from Latin, Scandinavian and French, but changes that occurred in the domain of lexis were not only caused by the process of borrowing. Throughout its development, English has also derived new words and changed the meanings of the already existing ones. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the three main mechanisms of lexical change – borrowing, word-formation and semantic change, and show how they have contributed to the richness of English vocabulary.
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Specialised dictionaries fulfil a plethora of linguistic and cognitive functions in specialised communication. In particular, such reference works help introduce, harmonise and standardise national terminologies, thus playing an indispensable role in disseminating high quality specialised knowledge. An even more important role may be attributed to bilingual and multilingual specialised dictionaries, whose primary goal is to facilitate the flow of scientific and technical information at an international level. This function has come to the fore in today’s multinational and interconnected professional world. In light of the developing and ever stronger cooperation between Poland and Ukraine, an attempt is being made to evaluate bilingual and multilingual terminographic works containing Polish and Ukrainian which have been published in Poland to date. The aim is to assess the positive developments and to identify the gaps in Polish-Ukrainian terminography. It is hoped that the findings presented in this paper will be applied by terminographers in order to compile terminological dictionaries of higher quality, which satisfy the needs of specific users and follow terminographic principles.
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The article is devoted to the study of abbreviations used in the field of modern biotechnology. As a result of the periodic review of the original English-language publications, dictionaries and other literature, the most common structural models of formation of biotechnological abbreviations have been determined. Two ways of their classification according to parameters of semantics (thematic) and lexical (degree of independence) are distinguished. For the first time, we classified biotechnological abbreviations and discussed methods for their creation.
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