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THE ISLAMIC CULTURAL FACTOR IN RELATION WITH GLOBALISATION

Author(s): Haliru Dogondaji Bello / Language(s): English Issue: 58/2015

Continuous and persistent assorted forms of terror unleashed on innocent civilians pose the greatest challenge to global peace and security today. Perhaps the Islamist terrorist is not understood correctly. Perhaps a true understanding of the Islamist terrorist lies in a thorough knowledge of their cultural background. In the era of interdependence, daily interchanges and globalization, where issues of cultural difference have become proximate, understanding the numerous actors through their way of life and integrating their concerns in world affairs is crucial for world peace and security. In this article, I am to reveal in short the study made upon the core values that dictate to culture and its unity in Islam, thus exposing the convictions that shape the laws, regulations and the distinct human characteristics of the 1.6 billion Muslims around the globe. The study also gives a highlight on the inner consciousness of Islamist terrorists and shows how the defence and protection of certain absolute values in the Islamic culture drive their evaluation and calculated response to arising circumstances in the course of daily life.

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POBAČAJ I DRUGI NAČINI PREKIDA LJUDSKOG ŽIVOTA U SVJETLU CILJEVA ŠERIJATA

Author(s): Enes Ljevaković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 16/2012

Bosnia and Herzegovina in the last few decades faces the problem of so-called "white plague", i.e. the problem of poor demographic population growth. There are several causes of this negative trend when it comes to population growth, and one of them is the increase in the number of abortions. Modern states have different laws and regulations on abortions, ranging from absolute prohibition of abortion with the possibility of exercise it only for the purpose to protect pregnant women, through its legalization in clearly defined cases to the broad set of options for performing an abortion on request of the pregnant woman and finally to complete legalization of abortion. Our legislative as well as the majority of European legislations in principle allow an abortion, but at the same time restrict certain conditions.

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PRILOG RAZUMIJEVANJU TEMELJNIH PRINCIPA ISLAMSKE UMJETNOSTI

Author(s): Fatima Žutić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 16/2012

The article examines the definition and basic principles underlying the traditional Islamic art in order to once again draw attention to the necessity of their knowledge and revival. The basic principle from which they originated today known forms of traditional Islamic art is the principle of tawhid, which is the foundation and backbone of origin and leans on all the other principles: beauty, abstractiveness, intellectual nature, mathematical nature, geometry and rhythm, processing materials in accordance with their nature, usability and symbolic expression.

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NEKE NAPOMENE O PRIJEVODIMA ANDRIĆEVE DISERTACIJE

Author(s): Asim Zubčević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 16/2012

Comparing the text of the original dissertation of Ivo Andric (Development of Spiritual Life in Bosnia under the influence of Turkish rule)originally written in German with the translations into Serbian and English one can notice differences and nuances that suggest a somewhat different understanding of the same dissertation in each of the three language versions. The differences consist in replacing the terms Mohammedan (noun) and Mohammedan (adjective) with term Muslim (noun) and Muslim (adjective) in Serbian translation and partly in English. The translation of the verb „poturčiti“ taken from folk songs and Mountain Wreath and friar Jukić's text is replaced by the expression „preći na islam“ in the German original, but not in English translation; they replaced the adjective Islamic with the word Muslim in Serbian translation; and there is omission of some words in German and English editions in description of devširme of the 16th century. These differences make the Serbian translation non historic and more open to reading in accordance with the views of Serbian nationalist historians. On the other hand, although more distant in time, the English translation is closer to the original.

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„KUR'AN S PRIJEVODOM NA BOSANSKI JEZIK“ ESADA DURAKOVIĆA: “SAZRIJEVANJE PREVODILAČKOG ISKUSTVA“

Author(s): Džemal Latić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2010

The author in this paper critically analyzes stylistic scopes of the latest translation of Qur'an into Bosnian language by the leading Bosnian Orientalist, Esad Duraković. The work especially treats implementation of stylistic aims in the Bosnian text of Qur'an, which Duraković presented in his „Note of the translator“. Further in the text author deals with the stylistic characteristics of the original and the translation of Qur'an, avoiding comparative contrastive analysis of this and the other translations of Qur'an into Bosnian and other similar languages.

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METODOLOGIJA, LEKSIČKI OPSEG I IZVORI DJELA NUZHETU'L-E'AJUNI'N-NEWAZIRI FI 'LMI'L-WUDŽUHI WE'N-NEZA'IR

Author(s): Almir Fatić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2010

The work of Ibnu l-|awzi under the above title represents a special turning point in writing about wu\u h and naz a' ir of Qur'an, althought it keeps that classical tradition of writing the works in this genre, i.e. in the terms of linguistic meaning of the word and the science of tafsir. Because of the fact that Ibnu l-|awzi introduces significant novelties in methodology of writing of the works in this genre, the author of this paper deals, in detail, with that methodology, lexical scope and sources of the abovementioned work.

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AL-ATTASOVA FILOZOFIJA ZNANOSTI: ISLAMIZACIJA ZNANJA

Author(s): Dževad Hodžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2010

Muslim understanding of modern science is predominantly marked by its instrumentalist conception according to which modern science is metaphysically and ethically neutral. Such understanding of modern science overlooks its basic epistemistic and methodic event which lies in abstract mathematical, leveling, reductionistic plan, set up before any research, that determines the way in which beings or happenings are being thrown to the very research. In such a predominantly Muslim understanding Naquib al-Atttas stands out with his own critical position. He belongs to the circle of contemporary Muslim thinkers who have devoted significant attention to the consideration and revival of Islamic philosophy, knowledge and education in which horizons one should seek answers to the challenges of modern technological scientific western culture.

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IKBALOVA VJERSKOFILOZOFSKA MISAO (IDEJA REKONSTRUKCIJE IZMEĐU RELIGIJE I KULTURE KAO ISTINE NOVOG ISKUSTVA SVIJETA: VJEROVATI, ČINITI I BITI)

Author(s): Orhan Bajraktarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2010

Ikbal, in the era of European expansion of industrial and social revolution, naturalism, evolutionism, empiricism, agnosticism and atheism, indicates the importance of belief in God, and in a Jubranian-Ghandian manner invites readers to turn to Brahmanian, Biblical thought, to Qur'an and Hadith of the prophet Muhammad, p.b.u.h., with a new enthusiasm, new spirit, a new way in a form that leads to a new free and strong individuality, and individuality as a whole. The new individual is not burdened by tradition and history, he establishes a national state, and re-united Islamic world society.

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DVA DOKUMENTA O VLADARU I PODANICIMA

Author(s): Jusuf Ramić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2010

The first document was written by Ali ibn Ebi Talib and sent to El-Aštar en-Nahai, whom he appointed the governor of Egypt. The second by Tahir b. al-Husein and was sent to his son Abdullah when he was appointed the governor of Reqqe, Egypt and the region between them. Both documents are in form and substance similar to one another, both are addressed to governors of Egypt and both are, ultimately, the same length, although they were written in different times. The first was issued during the caliphate of Ali ibn Ebi Talib, and the second in the time of Abbasids, the golden period of Arabic literature.

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EBU 'L-QASIM EŠ-ŠATIBI I NJEGOVO DJELU HIRZU 'L-EMANI VE VEDŽHU 'T-TEHANI FI'L-QIR'ATI S'-SEB'

Author(s): Fadil Fazlić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2011

This paper presents a great Andalusian qira'at scientist, alShatibi, and his most famous work on the seven qira'ats schools. The phonetic, phonological and syntactic norms of the seven qir'aats are examined in 1173 verses in the form of lamiyya.

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IMAM EŠ-ŠATIBI I NJEGOVO RAZUMIJEVANJE CILJEVA ŠERIJATA

Author(s): Enes Ljevaković / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2011

Imam al-Shatibi is one of the most important and most outstanding personalities of Muslim Spain. He lived at the time of defence of the last Muslim stronghold in Andalus - Granada - from the enemy who surrounded it from all sides. His name and work came into focus of contemporary fiqh and usul al-fiqh researches in the context of their increasing interest in his understanding and elaboration of the objectives of Shari'ah...

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ABU HAYYAN AL-GARNATI - GRAMATIČAR I MUFESSIR

Author(s): Amira Trnka-Uzunović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2011

Abu Hayyan lived at the turn of the 13th to the 14th century and is one of the most significant representatives of the late Andalus grammarian school. After he had used what Al-Andalus of that time could offer to him. Led by a strong desire to learn, he went to the East. After he had visited many countries in the East, he settled in Cairo, where he spent the rest of his life studying and teaching others.

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ISLAMSKA UMJETNOST U ŠPANIJI - KRISTALI SVJETLOSTI MUSLIMANSKOG DUHA MAGREBA

Author(s): Nusret Isanović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2011

The paper presents, from the perspective of spiritual, aesthetic, artistic and historical significance, some of the most relevant works of Islamic art in Spain from the blooming period of Muslim culture in it. The paper is divided into two parts. In the first part we develop discourse about the Great Mosque in Cordoba, one of the most famous monuments of religious art of Islam.

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ZNAČAJ SREDOZEMLJA ZA PRENOŠENJE KULTURALNIH VRIJEDNOSTI U MIŠLJENJU MUSTAFE BUSULADŽIĆA

Author(s): Mevludin Dizdarević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2011

This paper discusses the importance of the Mediterranean Basin in the intellectual perspective of Mustafa Busuladžić, one of the leading Bosniak authors of the 20th century. This author will remain registered in the intellectual history for his original ideas that he introduced on our stage, including the importance of the Mediterranean on the cultural-historical and spiritual history of the world.

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HILAFET U ENDELUSU: UZROCI I PROPASTI

Author(s): Džemal Latić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2011

For the failure of a relatively large and long-lived state creation and a centuries-old culture there had to be a multitude of causes, but most important of them were: violation of the principles of Allah Almighty's to sovereignty and the exercise of power, which led to the launch of a series of meaningless civil wars in Muslim Spain and inciting religious, political and cultural temptation; distance from political centres of the Muslim world at that time...

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Mračna tetrada, stavovi o ratu i miru, militantni ekstremizam i šizotipije kao prediktori stavova o samožrtvovanju selefija u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Srđan Puhalo / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2020

The aim of this research is to determine the extent to which some personality traits (dark tetrad), attitudes about war and peace, militant extremism and schizotypy are related to the attitudes of Salafis about self-sacrifice We define self-sacrifice or martyrdom, which we will use as synonyms, as the psychological readiness to sacrifice something very valuable, and even one's own life, for some reason, but that reason must be socially important. The research was conducted in the second half of 2017 on a sample of 317 respondents from Bosnia and Herzegovina, who classify themselves as Salafis. The obtained results show that personality traits are not significantly related to attitudes about self-sacrifice and that the attitudes of Salafis regarding war and their perception of the world in which they live are much more significant. Attitudes towards war stand out as the most important variable in relation to all the other variables we have measured, followed by attitudes about accepting conspiracy theories, apologies for violence and the sacred goal as part of the scale of militant extremism. Of course, one should be careful here in the interpretation of the obtained results, having in mind their way of life and interpretation of Islam, but also specific positions within BiH society.

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Ulus-Devlet Oluşumunda Halk Dinini Folklorize Etmek: Aleviliğin Seküler Folklorik Bir Öge Olarak Siyasal İnşası

Author(s): Murat Coşkuner / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 105/2021

Due to their power to bring people together, religions have never fallen from the agenda of political life, they have been transformed depending on the power. The study, that asseses Alevi-Kizilbashes with ruling power in Turkey in such a context, will show how it is possible to ignore the religiosity of the Alevi-Kizilbashes. It will be shown that process of pushing the Alevi-Kizilbashes into this non-religious field provided two openings for the nation-state. The study will claim that one of these expansions is the homogenization of the religious area of Turkish society and the other is the construction of a secular cultural space for Turkey. By doing so, it will be shown that Ehl-i Sunnah could be raised to a monopoly position in the religious field, and thanks to these communities pushed into the non-religious folkloric area, Turkish state supports the claim that it has a secular cultural field in history. Within the scope of this study, in the first part, the political choices made by the nationalist elites while building national religion will be highlighted. In final section, it will be focused on how Alevi-Kizilbashes were pushed into the nonreligious field during the institutionalization of the national Turkish state.

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ÂDEM VE HAVVA İKONOGRAFİSİNİN, RÖNESANS AVRUPASI VE İSLAM COĞRAFYASININ GÖRSEL BETİMLEMELERİYLE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI

Author(s): İrem Ela Yildizeli,Mehmet Nuhoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 73/2020

Since the beginning of humanity, religious teachings have given opinions on many issues such as the values of that society and the hierarchy between genders. Although these dogmas have preserved their core as communities evolved, changes are observed parallel to shifting economic, social, political and cultural conditions. Throughout history, tradesmen and artists have taken the role to mirror the sociological structures of historical societies by visualizing scriptures used in sacred scripts and in semiotics the religious texts through paintings, carvings, sculptures and miniatures. By sustaining a personal and social myth and reflecting relationships between men and women and the origin and quality of moral traditions; the story of Genesis comes across as one of the stories that artists produce most. Although some of the religious control practices have been integrated into secular controller practices at the end of the secularization process in the west, religious patterns, motifs, images and practices have entered the general flow of culture and created a moral discourse that revolves around family and sexuality. We see that the status of “Woman” was positioned through the description of the story of Genesis through these discourses and was positioned with slave status through the influence of Aristotle, who had a huge impact on Western and Islamic thinkers until the Renaissance period. Due to the principle of Tawhid in Islam, figurative art was prohibited and painting emerged as “miniature art”. Since the creation of Eve is not as detailed as Jewish and Old Testament in the Qur'an, the depiction of women created from Adam in the Christian art, does not appear in Islamic art. However, we can compare the depictions of Eve and Adam with the uses of other modern religions through the miniature examples of "Expulsion from Paradise" that are most depicted. According to this, while the common patriarchal understanding appears, the differences can be observed. This study compares the descriptions of the story of Genesis in the paintings and sculptures of European artists before and after the Renaissance and the descriptions in the miniatures of the Islamic geography; It is aimed to examine the iconography of Adam and Eve figures in visual communication and to reveal the social and sociological position of women.

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NÎSÂBÛRÎ’NİN (SA’LEBİ) KISAS-I ENBİYÂ’SINDA Mİ’RAC KONULU MİNYATÜRLER

Author(s): Seçil Sever Demir,Filiz Adıgüzel Toprak / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 76/2020

In this paper, five different illustrations with the theme of ‘Prophet Muhammed’s Miraj (Ascension)’ found in two illustrated copies of Nîsâbûrî's literary work titled Kısas-ı Enbiyâ dated 16th century, are examined in terms of composition and figures. Two of these illustrations are included in the Kısas-ı Enbiyâ, produced in Shiraz in the second half of the 16th century, registered in the 'Diez A fol.3' collection of Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin (Berlin State Library). The other three illustrations are included in the Kısas-ı Enbiyâ, produced in Kazvin between 1570-1580, registered in the ‘Keir3’ collection of the Dallas Museum of Art (Dallas Art Museum). In the Islamic tradition, the ‘Miraj’ (Ascension) narrates the journey of Muhammad from Mecca to Jerusalem and from there to the skies. In Islamic book arts, manuscripts with Miraj depictions produced between the 15th and 19th centuries show that Miraj is a popular and accepted subject. In the illustrations examined within the scope of this study, the same composition setup was followed. Due to the subject of Miraj, the common figures seen in illustrations are Muhammed, Burak, Gabriel and other angels. These figures, which are defined as ‘Heavenly Servant Angels’ in the text of Kısas-ı Enbiyâ, can be classified as the ones carrying incense burners; carrying the bowl of light filled with fire; carrying the beverage bowls offered to Muhammad and the ones that prostrate and carry the Quran page. Accordingly, each figure is evaluated in terms of its place in the composition, features of form and style; comparisons are made about the common and different aspects of the figures. In addition, the figures are drawn individually, independent of the composition, in order to present a detailed analysis of their form. The aim of this paper is to investigate the formal features of figures and other visual elements in the depiction of the ‘Mi'raj’ and to evaluate the contribution of visual expression to cultural and symbolic repertoire through illustrations.

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KISASÜ’L-ENBİYÂLARDA KİŞİ ADLARI İÇİN YAPILAN AÇIKLAMALAR ÜZERİNE “HALK ETİMOLOJİSİ” BAĞLAMINDA BİR DEĞERLENDİRME

Author(s): Yaşar Şimşek,Esranur Er / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 68/2020

Qısas al-Anbiyâs which mean ”the stories of prophets” are the works that tell the stories of prophets or the important people for history of religions based on Koran, comments and various hadits. Qısas al-Anbiyâs usually start with the creation of the universe and end with telling the life of Muhammet. In this genre, which the first examples can be seen in Arabic and Persian literature, it is possible to find the first teachings about history of humanity such as making bread, growth of plants, eating, drinking and sheltering. The first works written about this subject are Kitâbu ‘Arâ’isi’l-Macâlis fî Qısas al-Anbiyâ which is written by Sa’lebî and Kısâî’s Qısas al-Anbiyâ that is a different version of this work. Over time, these works that are translated into Turkish, was internalized by Turkish culture. The first written example of Qısas al-Anbiyâ compiled by Rabguzi in 14th century. There are numerous copies of Qısas al-Anbiyâs and these introduced in to Turkish through translation, in the chapters telling the miracles of prophets, Prophet and some important personal names are explained within the frame of stories. Though, from different perspectives; phonological, morphological, syntax and grammatical features of Qısas al-Anbiyâs have been studied, it can be seen that it hasn’t been studied enough in terms of anthroponym. In this article, Qısas al-Anbiyâs, which are highly important for the history of Turkish culture, are going to be reviewed within the context of folk etymology and anthroponym. Rather than reviewing etymologically of the related words together with the listed examples, it is going to be laid stress on the stories for the explanation of the word.

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