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Ibn Sina: Opći pregled

Author(s): Seyyed Hossein Nasr / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2020

In this paper, which is not cluttered up with numerous footnotes, the author briefly presents the life and work of Ibn Sina (Avicenna) – one of the key figures in Islamic philosophy. At the beginning, main life facts of Ibn Sina and his main works are noted. After that, the author discusses the philosophical point of view of this intellectual who belongs to the very top of peripatetic philosophy. Then he analyses Ibn Sina’s views pertaining to logics, language, metaphysics, cosmology, psychology, natural philosophy, medicine and pharmacology. In the end, the author briefly presents the impact which Ibn Sina made on both the East and West.

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Jedinstvo pojma i objekta Biti i svojstava Uzvišenog Boga u mišljenju Ibn Sinaa

Author(s): Muhammed Zabihi / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2020

The paper aims to present Ibn Sina’s view of the relation between the attributes and the Essence of the Necessary Being. The issue of the attributes is of extraordinary importance,and it can be said that it is a part of the first and fundamental theological discussions in the Islamic world. Moreover, it can be considered an arena of conflict between the opposing and the affirmative views. There is no doubt that the extreme views on this issue had harmful consequences for scientific circles. In the wake of that, Ibn Sina’s theory (conceptual and objective unity of the attributes), which could be called a specific theory, is of extraordinary importance. The Ibn Sina’s view which opposes the known theory (objective unity and conceptual distinction between the attributes and the Essence) has not attracted much attention of scientific circles. Hence, by applying a new concept, the paper also aims to present Mulla Sadra’s view on the issue.

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16. Yüzyıl Osmanlısında Kur’ân Okuma Karşılığı Ücret Alma Tartışmaları: Birgivî Zeyrekzâde Örneği

Author(s): Abdullah Kavalcıoğlu / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 54/2020

One type of the pious foundations which subsisted from the fifteenth century until the collapse of the empire in the Ottoman Empire, which is described as a civilisation of foundation, is the money foundations. Among these money foundations, there are foundations established for the recitation of Qur’an. These foundations, like the others, had subsisted till the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, but discussions about them continued. One of the works which discusses the recitation of Qur'ān for a fee is the epistle named as “İnkāzü’l-hâlikîn” written by Birgivī Mehmed Efendī (d. 1573). He alleges in this epistle, which is well known among the modern researchers and about which there are some studies, that the recitation of Qur’an for a fee is not licit. This epistle is not only discussed today, but at the time it was written it had been discussed among the scholars. For example, Zeyrekzāda Emrullah al-Husaynī had written a refutation titled as “Risala fi cavazi akhzi’l-ucrati li-qıraati’l-Qur’an” against the epistle of Birgivi. Also, this is very rare work that discussed widely with the proofs that the recitation of Qur'ān is licit. In this article, the views of two authors will be treated comparatively only in terms of common points. The aim of this study is to discuss the juridical issue which has a social aspect from the view of two authors that have different approaches.

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Cüveynî’nin Cevher-Araz Anlayışı Bağlamında Hristiyanlık Eleştirisi

Author(s): Zeynep Şeker / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 55/2021

The issue of jawhar and ‘arad (substance and accidents), which are discussed by the mutakallimūn (kalam scholars) while they criticize Christianity, especially in the context of the trinity, is important due to Christian’s understanding of jawhar. Juwaynī (d. 478/1085) is one of the scholars who discussed jawhar and ‘arad expansively while criticizing Christian beliefs. This article examines Juwaynī’s arguments about Christian creeds, such as naming God as a jawhar, trinity, and incarnation tenets. It focuses on arguments which are related to jawhar and ‘arad. In order to make the connection between critiques more visible, the article also addresses Juwaynī’s understanding of jawhar and ‘arad, and the cosmological principles that he accepts. The main aim of the article is to give an example of how the cosmological principles of kalām affect mutakallimūn’s methods while they were defending Islam against other religions and doctrines, and how they reflect the theological issues in the case of Juwaynī. In this regard, the article discusses the concept of the trinity and the Christian conflicts about it. Then it handles the main topic and methods that Muslim scholars grounded on while they were criticizing Christianity. Finally, it discusses Juwaynī’s critiques against Christian beliefs. In this way, it aimed to reveal the similarities and differences between Juwaynī and other early period mutakallimūn’s critiques and to present a better understanding of Juwaynī’s criticizing method.

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Müslüman Yaşlılarda Pandemi Sürecine İlişkin Ruhsal Etkilenimler ve Dini Düşünceler

Author(s): Nimet Ferah / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 55/2021

This study is about Muslim elders’ psychological impressions and religious/spiritual thoughts during the pandemic process. The religious/spiritual thoughts of the elderly who are in the high risk group in the pandemic is important in terms of pointing to their inner resources and in terms of making sense of their experiences and providing them in combating the pandemic, which has turned into a psychological process. The aim of the study is to bring these sources and bases to light in the dimension of religious thought. The data obtained in accordance with the qualitative research paradigm using the interview technique were analysed. Even though they had to face negative mental effects, it was concluded that the pandemic process was encountered with a kind of prosperity and maturity by Muslim elders, they approached this process with moderation, they got support from their beliefs and used them wisely. As a result, it is understood that Muslim elders have an existential and encompassing understanding based on their beliefs against the effects of the pandemic process, all of which are related to their ego integrity and maturity.

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Osmanlı İdaresinde Arnavutluk’ta Görülen Kripto (Gizli) Hıristiyanlar Üzerine Genel Bir Değerlendirme

Author(s): İlir Bruga / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2020

After the Balkan peninsula came under the rule of the Ottoman State, there is a mutual interaction and development in the fields of socio-cultural, economic, religious and so on between the Ottomans and different nations living there. Some objective and subjective studies have been done on how this interaction and development occurs. The common opinion that emerged in recent studies on this it is the fact that although the Ottomans instilled the religion of Islam in non-Muslims in the new regions they conquered, they did not follow the policies of changing their religious traditions and customs by force. As a matter of fact, although the Ottomans dominated the Balkans for 5 centuries when it comes to the 20th century, it is seen that only the majority of Albanians and Bosnians have adopted Islam. The periods when Albanians adopted the religion of Islam (which century started more intense Islamization movements, 17th or 18th, if we mention) when we look at it, the emergence of Crypto Christian groups in different regions and periods draws our attention. The facts of Crypto Christians are in other Balkan regions of the Ottoman State it has been seen in places such as Cyprus, Islands, Trabzon etc. This article aims to examine the Crypto Christian events that occurred within the borders of today's Albania. The main sources of the research are the priest's reports and Ottoman archive documents of that period. In addition, we referred to new local and foreign studies on this subject.

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Ibn Sina, njegova djela i ideje u prijevodima na bosanski, hrvatski i srpski jezik

Author(s): Haris Dubravac / Language(s): Bosnian,Croatian,Serbian Issue: 21/2020

The paper discusses Ibn Sina’s translated works, with brief notes about them when necessary. Also, works which discus Ibn Sina’s life and work are listed. With regard to translations and works about Ibn Sina, only those written in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian language were included and chronologically listed. Certainly, it cannot be claimed that all the translated works of Ibn Sina and all works about Ibn Sina which were authored and translated in the aforementioned languages are listed here. However, the majority of them have been included in one paper. The works about Ibn Sina ranged thematically from philosophy through medicine to Sufism.

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Mîlâdî 13. ve 20. Asırlar Arasında Te’lif Edilmiş Fas Tasavvuf Tabakāt Eserleri Üzerine Dönemsel Bir Bakış

Author(s): Esma ÖZTÜRK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

In our country, it is observed that, most of the current academic studies carried on the history of Taṣawwuf usually includes Egypt, Iraq, Turkey, India and Central Asia and it is also seen that these are the studies that form the Eastern region of the Islamic World. The development of Islam and especially Taṣawwuf in the West, seems to have been studied by fewer researchers compared to the first. In fact, when the investigation in this direction is taken into consideration in a more specific region such as the Maghrib, it is noticed that the number of researchers in this area has decreased. From this point on, our research covers the tabaqāt literature that emerged in the Maghrib/Morocco region between the 13th and 20th centuries A.D. In the study; starting from Ibn Zayyāt al-Tādilī's (d. 628/1230) book al-Tashawwuf ilâ rijâl al-taṣawwuf, a total of ten hagiographical works (tabaqāts) were introduced. In the biographical information and explanations, a detailed evaluation was made on the topics such as the life of the author, the subject of the current work, the purpose of writing, the similar and different sides from other tabaqāt books, the method of presentation of the work. On the other hand; the contributions of these works, which were proclaimed in a certain period of time in the geography of Morocco, to the historical memory of the societies in that geography were also tried to be determined. According to the findings obtained as a result of the study, it has been determined that the tabaqâts reflect a certain section of history including political, religious, cultural and social aspects and convey the general life styles of the communities they deal with.

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Hacı Hasanzâde’nin Mukaddimât-ı Erbaa Hâşiyesi nin Tahkiki

Author(s): Mustafa Bilal ÖZTÜRK / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

There is no common working style followed in the preparation of the editorial critiques of the ĥāshiya. The overwhelming majority of the ĥāshiya works written on at least one text and commentary (sharḥ), were produced in the Ottoman science-culture basin and period. Ĥāshiya style of writing is an area neglected by the academic community until recently. A claimant is obliged to prove his claim by scientific, legal and moral principles. However, studies that prove or at least support the said judgment have not been completed. The final objective decision should be postponed to the research of manuscripts. Otherwise, the judgment will not go beyond the pre-judgment. The article is intended to give momentum to academic studies on the sharḥ-ĥāshiya writing style. Muqaddimāt al-Arba‘a is a text in which Ṣadr al-Sharī‛ah [die. 747/1346], considered one of the pioneers of the contractor Māturīdī school, analyzes human verbs. Since its establishment, the Māturīdī school has remained sensitive to human freedom and human-centred moral principles. According to the claim, thanks to the four premises, the ontological status of the will has attained a structure that can exist or disappear in terms of expression. The understanding of free God and free man depends on the acceptance of the will in this structure. Otherwise, man and God will not be considered free. The representative of the Ashʿarī thought system Taftazānī [die. 792/1390], critically commented on the text. According to him, the conclusion of the four premises in terms of Ash‘arī doctrine consists of a door creak and a fly hum. There is also Ḥāccī Hasanzāda’s [die. 911/1505-1506] among the scholars who wrote on the order of Fatih Sultan Meḥmed, who wondered the basis of the thought and scientific tension.

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II. Uluslararası Geçmişten Günümüze Tekirdağ’da Dinî ve Kültürel Hayat Sempozyumu

Author(s): Yusuf Buhan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Sempozyum, Tekirdağ’ın dini ve kültürel mirasını tanıtmak ve incelemek amacıyla Tekirdağ Namık Kemal Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi tarafından TBMM başkanı Sayın Prof. Dr. Mustafa Şentop’un teşrifleriyle düzenlenmiştir. İlki 5-7 Nisan 2019 tarihleri arasında fiziki ortamda gerçekleştirilen sempozyum, Kovid-19 salgını nedeniyle çevrimiçi olarak 19-20 Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında icra edilmiştir. Sempozyum, açılış konuşmaları, dokuz ayrı oturum ve kapanış konuşmasıyla tamamlanmıştır. Bu yazıda iki gün boyunca devam eden oturumlar hakkında bilgi ve değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur.

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Sait Halim Paşa’dan Etkilenen Bir İngiliz Yazar ve Düşünür; Marmaduke W. Pickthall

Author(s): Kemal Kahraman / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2021

Prince Sait Halim Pasha was a man of state, idea and culture who had very important roles at the last years of the Ottoman Empire. While he played a decisive role at years in which the State was experiencing historical times, he had also been effective and followed closely in our country and at the Islamic World with his ideas and writings. This work is focusing on a man who was strongly affected by the ideas of Sait Halim Pasha and made them known among the Muslims in India and UK; Marmaduke W. Pickthall. As an English writer and man of literature, concerning his family and ideas, he is coming from the conservatist tradition in UK. He was influenced by the ideas of Pasha whom he had opportunity to meet in person at a young age. And reflected them in his later life in his Works and conferences. He has publishes many of them by translating into English. There are important similarities and parallels between the ideas of Sait Halim Pasha and Pickthall.

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Safevî Hâkimiyet Anlayışında Kutsiyet, Adalet ve Cesaret

Author(s): Mehmet Dağlar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2020

The politicization of a sufi order in Ardabil, over time laid the foundations of a new state in which the official sect was organized according to Shiite. Safavids emerged as an important power as a result of the enormous support of their followers in Anatolia. It is very important to understand what are the reasons behind the Safavids’ reign in Iran for over two centuries. Qizilbash disciples have been dominated in a great geography by dragging after political plans. The primary factor that connects these communities is the presence of their sheikh, which they consider sacred. People are connected more quickly to leaders who are not like them, who are in contact with supertnatural beings. Accordingly, it is an important factor for Safavids to act with informal connections in ensuring their legitimacy. One of the factors that reinforce their holiness is their invaluable help. In addition, drawing the image of a fair and brave ruler facilitated the control of Safavid rulers. Shahs used different punishment methods while trying to be fair rulers. These punishments were generally applied in a harsh and ruthles manner, trying to draw potrait that scares enemies. Safavid chronicles gave us important information about how Safavids’ legitimacy strengthened. Poems about rulers also contributed to the glorification of Safavid dynasty. The poems written about the kings provided important information about how the dominance formed was shaped.

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Relations between Christians and Muslims in kadi court registers (sicils) and Franciscan chronicles of the 18th century

Author(s): Dijana Pinjuh / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2021

Based on kadi sicils and Franciscan chronicles, this paper seeks to present a picture of everyday lives of Christians and Muslims during a turbulent period, marked by political turmoil, unrest and general insecurity. Attacks, murders and various other acts of violence were part of everyday life. The ruling class of the time often abused their position and acted beyond their authority, putting additional pressure on the Christian population and further aggravating their social position and security within Eyalet of Bosnia. The efforts of the authorities to protect reaya were only temporarily effective in stopping the violence. The perpetrators of violence were mostly indiscriminate concerning their targets as Muslims were also targeted. Despite unfavorable political circumstances, social and religious differences, Muslims and Christians privately used to help each other, socialize and cooperate.

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Fikret Karčić, Pravno-historijske studije

Author(s): Safet Bandžović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2016

Review of: Fikret Karčić, Pravno-historijske studije, Sarajevo: Centar zanapredne studije, 2016.

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Fikret Karčić (priređivač), Muslimani Balkana: “Istočno pitanje” u XX. vijeku

Author(s): Safet Bandžović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2014

Review of: Fikret Karčić (priređivač), Muslimani Balkana: “Istočno pitanje” u XX. vijeku, Centar za napredne studije, 2. izdanje, 2014

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Regionalism in the Virtual Era. Cultural Identity of Kashmiri Muslims as Represented in Popular Music

Author(s): Magdalena Piech / Language(s): English Issue: 59/2019

The symbolic concept of kashmiriyat, dated back to 16th century, generally covers most of the aspects of Kashmiri Muslims’ culture perceived as traditional. However, in the modern era of globalization and rapid growth of the media, particularly the Internet, the world is changing really fast, together with local cultures and identities. The budding influence of social media on the culture of participation, opens a new field for artistic activity. It is especially the younger generation, prone to rebel against the existing reality, who make use of those aims to express oneself. One of the most alluring means to do so is music. It stimulates people’s awareness and tends to unite people beyond boundaries by its universal language. Thanks to its emotional potential, popular music recently gathered its momentum among Kashmiri Muslims as well. The paper presents the examples of two young Kashmiri musicians, MC Kash and Ali Saffudin, as the carriers of Kashmiri Muslim cultural identity. Pointing out the traditional symbols, how they are being reinterpreted and mixed with the elements of current reality and Western culture, I will try to show some aspects of this identity, focusing on the place of regionalism in it.

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Muslimanske rezolucije 1941. U povodu 80 godina od njihovog potpisivanja

Author(s): Adnan Jahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2020

Eighty years since their appearance, the Muslim Resolutions of 1941 have not ceased to attract the attention of both professional historians and the wider academic and social public. While some older literature and publicist writing have promoted mostly typical, extra-contextual and emphatically affirmative views on their content, the recent critical historiography has raised many questions about the real substance, meaning and scope of these important historical documents. In this paper, the author seeks to shed light on the broader background of the resolutions, analyzes their content, makes questions about the credibility and sustainability of some of their claims and assesments, deals with the told and unspoken matters in their messages, and portrays the contested views and controversies that have been following the appearance of the Muslim resolutions to the present day.

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Xavier Bougarel, Nadživjeti carstva. Islam, nacionalni identitet i politička lojalnost u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Adnan Jahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 49/2020

The review of: Xavier Bougarel, Nadživjeti carstva. Islam, nacionalni identitet i politička lojalnost u Bosni i Hercegovini. Sarajevo: Udruženje za modernu historiju / Udruga za modernu povijest, 2020, 408.

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Odrazi muslimanske sakralne povijesti u slavonskoj književnosti 18. stoljeća: šejh Gaibija u pjesmi Pisma od uzetja turske Gradiške Antuna Ivanošića

Author(s): Asim Zubčević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2021

This article explores various questions about a poem written by Antun Ivanošić (1740–1800), a priest and poet from Slavonia, in which he glorifies the Habsburg victory over “the Turks” during the Dubica War (1788–1791). The author twice mentinos Mustafa Gaibija (Muṣṭafā Ghāʼibī or Ghaybī), a 17th century Muslim scholar, mystic and poet. Gaibija holds an important place in the sacral history of the Banja Luka region and of the Bosnian Muslims in general. His memory is also preserved in the folk traditions of the Catholics of Slavonia. The references to Gaibija in Ivanošić’s poem have previously passed unnoticed both in both Bosnian historiography and Croatian literary studies. This article highlights the significance of these references and thus contributes to a better understanding of Christian-Muslim relations on the borders of empires and to the representation of Muslims among the Southern Slavs of the 18th century.

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Съвременниците на борбата за независима българска църква – за какво всъщност говорят те (Никола Сапунов и Иван Найденов)

Author(s): Nikolay Aretov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 20/2020

This paper uncovers a slightly different picture of the struggle for an independent Bulgarian Church and deals with the texts of two of its participants: the memoir and diary of Nikola Sapunov (1815–1861) and the correspondence of and some other texts by Ivan Naydenov (1834–1910). Apart from patriotism, martyrdom and political plans, which are also often problematized, there are also personal partialities, hostilities, ambitions, and financial motives. For many activists, the authority of the Ottoman Sultan (who was also a Caliph, the religious leader of all Muslims) and keeping his firman in force were very important. The confessional mobility within Christianity characterized the life of Sapunov and some other activists generated tensions and polemics, but not clashes on a great scale. The relations with foreign factors, primarily Russia, were also important. They were complicated and included not only different forms of interferences, but also deliberate demands for such an intervention and efforts to provoke it and follow foreign models, mostly the Greek one. Keywords: Nikola Sapunov, Ivan Naydenov, Bulgarian Church, confessional mobility, financial motives.

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