TEOLOGIA ORTODOXĂ ȘI SLUJIREA APROAPELUI: PARADIGME, EXIGENȚE, TENDINȚE CONTEMPORANE
Lucrările Simpozionului internaţional: Misiune, Spiritualitate, Cultură
ORTHODOX THEOLOGY AND SERVICE TO ONE’S NEIGHBOR: PARADIGMS, REQUIREMENTS, CONTEMPORARY TRENDS
Proceedings of the International Symposium: Mission, Spirituality, Culture
Contributor(s): Archbishop of Târgoviște Nifon (Editor), Stefan Florea (Editor), Cosmin Santi (Editor), Marin Bugiulescu (Editor)
Subject(s): Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy, Other Christian Denominations
Published by: Ideas Forum International Academic and Scientific Association
Keywords: Orthodox theology; pastoral care; ministry to the sick; contemporary religious studies; ecclesial collaboration;
Summary/Abstract: As part of the ‘Commemorative Year of Pastoral Care and Ministry to the Sick’ and the ‘Commemorative Year of All Unmercenary Healing Saints’ in the Romanian Patriarchate, the International Scientific Symposium entitled ‘Orthodox Theology and Service to One’s Neighbor: Paradigms, Requirements, Contemporary Trends’ was held in Târgoviște between 27–28 May 2024. The event was organized by the Faculty of Theology and Educational Sciences, in collaboration with the Archdiocese of Târgoviște, ‘Valahia’ University of Târgoviște, the Dâmbovița County Council, the Târgoviște City Hall and Local Council, as well as the Dâmbovița County Cultural Center.
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-973-0-43961-8
- Page Count: 426
- Publication Year: 2026
- Language: English, Romanian
Medicina duhovnicească sinaitică, secolul al VII-lea. Sfântul Anastasie Sinaitul
Medicina duhovnicească sinaitică, secolul al VII-lea. Sfântul Anastasie Sinaitul
(Sinaitic Spiritual Medicine, 7th Century: Saint Anastasius of Sinai)
- Author(s):Mihai Himcinschi
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:10-20
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:theology; medicine; monasticism; heresy; dogma; dialogue; therapy; repentance; healing; salvation;
- Summary/Abstract:For the 6th century AD, the Saint Catherine monastery in Sinai represented the point of resistance of Orthodox spirituality which was already threatened by the conquest of the Muslim Arabs. The violent clash between these two monotheistic religions led to the subtle Sinaitic observation that man, as body and soul, has need, on the one hand, for a healthy spirituality lived dogmatically and liturgically, but, on the other hand, also for concrete medical assistance aimed at countering the physical illnesses of the monks and the laity in the surroundings. This is how the concern of Saint Anastasius Sinaita (630-700) is explained. As a Sinaitic priest, abbot and physician, he decided to face these challenges in equal measure by building a true spiritual system of soul and body therapy through his works, as well as through his highly dedicated philanthropic mission.
Fizionomia ideală de mâine a învățământului universitar teologic ortodox românesc, din perspectiva Inteligenței Artificiale
Fizionomia ideală de mâine a învățământului universitar teologic ortodox românesc, din perspectiva Inteligenței Artificiale
(The Ideal Future Configuration of Romanian Orthodox Theological Higher Education from the Perspective of Artificial Intelligence)
- Author(s):Teofil Tia
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:21-33
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:metamorphoses; Romanian theological education; artificial intelligence;
- Summary/Abstract:Our study starts from the premise that „it is always the outsider who observes what is going on in the system better than the insider”. So we try, over several pages, to identify and nuance the opinion of someone „outside the system”, namely the „opinion” of Artificial Intelligence about the future prospects of Orthodox theological university education (Romanian language), both in terms of its content, as well as its working methodology and the need for integration into the pedagogical-cultural vision dominant in the contemporary Euro-Atlantic context. In realizing this approach we were guided by some suggestive questions and we interpreted the answers generated by Artificial Intelligence (software three). As a result, after an introduction in which we asked ourselves: „What metamorphoses are mandatory for the Romanian Orthodox theological education of tomorrow?”, we traveled in our reflection driven by the interest in the relevance of the study of Theology in a hyper-technologized world.
Antropologia comparativă. Pentru o reevaluare a omului și societății la început de mileniu al treilea
Antropologia comparativă. Pentru o reevaluare a omului și societății la început de mileniu al treilea
(Comparative Anthropology: Toward a Renewed Understanding of the Human Person and Society at the Beginning of the Third Millennium)
- Author(s):Emil Jurcan
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Anthropology, Social Sciences, Theology and Religion, Culture and social structure , Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:34-47
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:anthropology; hedonism; religions; eucharistic; transcendence;
- Summary/Abstract:The work I present comparatively exposes anthropology from an interreligious perspective and its crises. People are divided into many categories, namely: atheists, indifferents, people of religious spectacle, practitioners and people of mystery. The most profound is the last category but it is also the smallest in percentage. I have tried to present briefly the way in which man is analyzed and perceived in the great religions (Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam and Judaism). From a Christian perspective, there are several terms that define Christian anthropology, namely: man is a paradigmatic being who can change the world through his charic model. Then man is a connection between heaven and earth, a permanent syndesmos. He has the liturgical and eucharistic vocation through which he serves creation and gives it a meaning, a telos. There is in man a priestly vocation to serve and perfect creation and humanity. Finally, a sacred awareness is needed to recover a thinking that is too horizontal and too hedonistic. We must recover the transcendence in every human being.
Noi motivații ale justificării îngrijirii bolnavului
Noi motivații ale justificării îngrijirii bolnavului
(New Foundations for the Justification of Caring for the Sick)
- Author(s):Vasile Raduca
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy, Sociology of Religion
- Page Range:48-70
- No. of Pages:23
- Keywords:Christ; life; patient; suffering; illness; palliative care; out-of-body experiences (in both healthy individuals and those who have been in critical situations;
- Summary/Abstract:Professor Priest Dr. V. Răducă develops the announced theme, prompted by questions he asked himself after an early experience in his priesthood when he had to administer Holy Communion to a dying person. He confesses that he began to understand that human life is a much more complex phenomenon than we generally believe. Eternal life is not merely an extension of historical life it is the same life but fulfilled. For this reason, Christ calls the time we enter after leaving history „Life”, „Abundant Life”, and „Eternal Life”. The life we all experience within history is marked by the consequences of the primordial Fall, as well as personal mistakes and failures. These culminate in illness, suffering, and physical death none of which were part of what God originally created as „very good”. Yet, they are real aspects of human existence. Against these, man has the duty to fight, following Christ’s example, whose mission was to bring life and to ensure that humans no longer experience definitive separation from God (John 4:14; 6:50-51). Any person who fights against suffering regardless of who is suffering is virtuous, as they become a co-fighter with Christ against evil. Through our interactions with others, we leave a lasting mark on their lives both in this world and beyond, just as they do on ours. Each of us should consider how we are shaped by our encounters with others and how we, in turn, impact their lives especially those whom we may never meet again. Those working in palliative care face a challenging and heroic task. They need strength and education in many aspects, particularly regarding their interactions with the dying. They must be convinced that each person has a life beyond what is visible in a „mere dying person”. Scientifically recognized out-of- body experiences provide additional motivation for palliative workers to approach their task with greater efficacy. The author emphasizes the importance of these experiences in fostering a deeper understanding of the human being.
Sfântul Nicodim Aghioritul (1749-1809) şi traducerile operelor sale în principate - la 215 ani de la trecerea sa la Domnul
Sfântul Nicodim Aghioritul (1749-1809) şi traducerile operelor sale în principate - la 215 ani de la trecerea sa la Domnul
(Saint Nicodemus the Hagiorite and the Translations of His Works in the Romanian Principalities – 215 Years Since His Repose in the Lord)
- Author(s):Ioan Moldoveanu
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Language and Literature Studies, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology, Translation Studies
- Page Range:71-83
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Saint Nicodim the Hagiorite; holiness; writings; Church; spirituality;
- Summary/Abstract:The contribution of Saint Nicodim is significant not only for the Greek Church, but for the Romanian Church also and for every other Church. The proof is made by the translations of his work and the concern for the life and writings of the saint. His work is also a proof of the fact that patristic tradition is continuing long after Saint John Damaschin and Saint Gregory Palama, moving on until the life of the contemporary saints. Saint Nicodim is showing a much deeper interest for our Church with his work, and on the other hand, with his strong spiritual connections that he had with our countries. That is the explanation for the big circulation of his writings across our country, many of them being published in multiple editions. His influence was strong enough in Romania, so that his work could be found in so many types of translations.
Slujirea sacerdotală în contextul lumii de azi
Slujirea sacerdotală în contextul lumii de azi
(The Priestly Ministry in the Context of the Modern World)
- Author(s):Filippo Marcello Capone
- Contributor(s):Sorin Bute (Translator)
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
- Page Range:84-101
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:priesthood; modernity; individualism; faith; community;
- Summary/Abstract:The article explores the challenges faced by the Christian priesthood in modern society. It examines the shift in anthropocentrism towards individualism, leading to the erosion of community and truth in favor of subjective experiences. It discusses the impact of modernity on religious faith, emphasizing the need for a renewed self-awareness and openness to others. The author calls for a prophetic and engaged Christian presence that embraces complexity and promotes authentic encounters with others, advocating for a faith that is alive and dynamic in addressing contemporary realities.
O perspectivă ortodoxă asupra sfârșitului lumii și a vieții
O perspectivă ortodoxă asupra sfârșitului lumii și a vieții
(An Orthodox Perspective on the End of the World and Human Life)
- Author(s):Ștefan Florea
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, History of Church(es), Theology and Religion
- Page Range:102-111
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:world; man; life; end; death; transfiguration; eschatology; soteriology; resurrection;
- Summary/Abstract:The article aims to present the orthodox vision of the end of human life and the world, especially now, in a world dominated by neo -pagan theories or Hollywood cinematic science fiction, which regard both matters as catastrophes that destroy life and creation, as sacred gifts of God. I have shown that in the Orthodox perspective we never talk about the destruction of the world, but about its renewal, transfiguration and spiritualization, and that the end of man presupposes the transition to immortality and not his destruction. The end of life and of the world, as well, represent subjects of meditation, but also concrete realities on which answers have been projected from a theological, philosophical and ideological perspective, from a diverse kind of directi ons. In the Christian world, unfortunately, with little denominational variations, a distorted view of them has been imposed, especially lately, shaped by popular religious literature, unarguably non-canonical, but also by the medieval Protestant view, wid ely publicized, generally, by the film industry.
Libertatea cea în Hristos, după Sfântul Apostol Pavel
Libertatea cea în Hristos, după Sfântul Apostol Pavel
(Freedom in Christ, according to the Holy Apostle Paul)
- Author(s):Miltiade Vanțos
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
- Page Range:112-118
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:freedom in Christ; Apostle Paul; sin; passion; love; Church; Orthodoxy; divine grace; experience; spiritual life;
- Summary/Abstract:This study briefly presents the Apostle Paul’s concept of freedom in Christ, which is not identical with the modern understanding, which focuses primarily on its political and social dimension. Without underestimating it, greater importance is given to its spiritual dimension, which is experienced by the Christian as the avoidance of enslavement to sin and passions, and as love for God and neighbour. Thus, the experience of freedom in Christ is not limited to the avoidance of sin, but is expanded and given a positive content through the practice of love. With love as its content, freedom in Christ, according to the Apostle Paul, is not an individual matter, but is realised in the Church, where man receives the grace of the Holy Spirit and participates in the Body of Christ.
Îngrijirea celor suferinzi în Evanghelia după Luca - Faptele Apostolilor. Milostivirea divină și lucrarea socială a lui Iisus Hristos și a ucenicilor Săi
Îngrijirea celor suferinzi în Evanghelia după Luca - Faptele Apostolilor. Milostivirea divină și lucrarea socială a lui Iisus Hristos și a ucenicilor Săi
(Caring for the Suffering in Luke and the Acts of the Apostles: Divine Mercy and the Social Mission of Christ and His Disciples)
- Author(s):Daniel Ayuch
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Sociology of Religion
- Page Range:119-126
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:mercy; neighborly love; Gospel of Luke; Acts of the Apostles; visitation; Sermon on the plain; social justice;
- Summary/Abstract:The Gospel of Luke uniquely portrays Jesus Christ as a figure of profound compassion and empathy, emphasizing His solidarity with the marginalized and his unwavering commitment to ensuring a dignified life for all, even at the cost of His own life. This Gospel, along with the Book of Acts, highlights a special concern for the suffering and the sick, underscoring themes of mercy, kindness, and social justice more than any other New Testament text. Through parables such as the Good Samaritan and the Rich Man and Lazarus, Luke vividly illustrates the call to love one’s neighbor. The article explores the theme by addressing the following points: (1) Between the annunciation and the synagogue of Nazareth, which sets the stage for Jesus’ mission and His proclamation of social justice; (2) The Sermon on the Plain, which emphasizes radical love and mercy; (3) The Time of the Visitation, highlighting Jesus’ engagement with the marginalized; and (4) The Kingdom of Mercy in Acts, portraying the early Christian community’s commitment to inclusivity, generosity, and communal living as a model for contemporary believers. Overall, Luke’s Gospel and Acts offer a compelling vision of Christian discipleship rooted in compassion, justice, and the transformative power of the Holy Spirit. St. Luke’s writings continue to inspire and challenge believers to embody Christ’s love and mercy in their daily lives, profoundly impacting the world around them.
Sfinții Cosma și Damian, doctori fără de arginți - modele de slujire și tămăduire a celor suferinzi și iconografia lor
Sfinții Cosma și Damian, doctori fără de arginți - modele de slujire și tămăduire a celor suferinzi și iconografia lor
(Saints Cosmas and Damian, the Unmercenary Physicians – Models of Service and Healing of the Suffering, and Their Iconography)
- Author(s):Marcel Muntean
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology, Eastern Orthodoxy
- Page Range:127-142
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Saints Cosmas and Damian; Holy Unmercenaries; iconography; sculpture; painting; mosaic;
- Summary/Abstract:Three groups of saints who were also brothers, Holy Unmercenaries (physicians who healed without payment) Cosmas and Damian are celebrated by the Christian Church throughout the annual calendar. Specifically, the Orthodox Church honors each of them on distinct days. The first group, on November 1, were from Asia Minor (Mesopotamia). The second group were considered martyrs and were stoned to death in Rome, being commemorated on July 1, while the third group, also martyrs, are remembered on October 17 and hailed from Arabia. The Roman Catholic Church celebrates their memory on September 26. Their veneration began as early as the 4th century when the first churches and monasteries were erected, particularly in Constantinople, Rome, and other regions. During church services, they are invoked as intercessors for the healing of the suffering in the Sacrament of Holy Unction. They are also called upon to aid the sick in several special prayers, such as those for patients before surgery or for any ailing person, including those who cannot sleep. A particularly important role is held by the liturgy on their feast day, the Akathist hymn (troparion and kontakion), which summarizes their lives, martyrdom, and benefactions. The Holy Unmercenaries Cosmas and Damian are depicted in the iconography dedicated to them (icons, frescoes, altarpieces, mosaics, sculptures etc.), which can be found in both the Eastern and Western Churches. In iconography, Dionysius of Furna details their appearance as young men, with hair above their ears, balding heads, slightly curly hair, and pointed beards – those from Rome; those from Asia were also young, with the early growth of a beard; while those from Arabia had darker skin, with the early growth of a beard, and wore turbans on their heads. The study presents several places of worship, such as the one in Rome from the 6th century and the one in Kastoria, altar paintings, sculptures like those signed by Donatello and Michelangelo, more precisely, Giovanni Angelo Montorsoli and Raffaello da Montelupo, as well as a series of mosaics, icons, manuscripts, and others from the 6th to the 20th century.
Provocări pentru etica creștină la început de mileniu. Sfântul Ierarh Gabriel Kikodze (1825-1896)
Provocări pentru etica creștină la început de mileniu. Sfântul Ierarh Gabriel Kikodze (1825-1896)
(Christian Ethics at the Turn of the Millennium: Challenges and the Witness of Saint Hierarch Gabriel Kikodze 1825–1896)
- Author(s):Anastasia Zakariadze
- Contributor(s):Alexandru-Corneliu Arion (Translator)
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
- Page Range:143-149
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Christian ethics; human personality; individuality; personhood; conscious; free wil;
- Summary/Abstract:Holy Hierarch Saint Gabriel with his pastoral and theoretical activities, contributed to the protection of Christian ethics, proves that challenges to personhood, human Personality can only be resolved within Christian ethics. The saint Bishop's profound thinking is evident in his analysis of human, individuality and free will, and the key function of conscious. By emphasizes main sign of soul he proves that the ability to draw conclusions is the highest manifestation of the cognitive activity of the soul. Its power makes a person profound and insightful, by discussion an Intuitive access is best contrasted with discursive reasoning, intuition- with ability to judge. Bishop Gabriel rightly considers the overcoming of selfishness (decentration) to be the foundation of morality and straightness, Consistently discusses the numerous branches of selfishness. The similarity of the pastoral heritage and views of the Saint Gabriel and Staint Anthim the Iberian is discussed.
Maxima „Dumnezeu, Patria, Exigențele” în contextul discursului contemporan
Maxima „Dumnezeu, Patria, Exigențele” în contextul discursului contemporan
(‘God, Homeland, Duties’: The Maxim in the Context of Contemporary Discourse)
- Author(s):Demuri Jalaghonia
- Contributor(s):Alexandru-Corneliu Arion (Translator)
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
- Page Range:150-155
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Motherland; exigence; divine knowledge; „Galatian thinking”;
- Summary/Abstract:Catholicos Patriarch of All Georgia Ilia II, with theological and philosophical thinking, in his epistles presents in depth the phenomenon of God, Motherland and Exigence, he gives us an original Christian approach to the issue. His theological thinking is based on three principles: “God, Mother Land, Exigencies”. God as an eternal truth. Motherland as “mine, also yours,” as a human community that cares, patronizes, caresses, and prays for a piece of land called the Motherland, which the Lord granted us as our heritage. This is the face of my, yours, ours, and finally, our Motherland. The Motherland is the estate, the place of our birth, and There is discussed a culturological essence and importance of Exigence in Georgian worldout look, in which the most beautiful, excellent, good things are for a stranger, a guest, a foreigner. The main point is that a human being is sent by God - whoever he may be Georgian and not, Christian or not Christian, enemy or friend. To be a guest means to be an Exigence and has to be respected as a person sent by God.
Revoluția socială a Creștinismului și câmpurile emergente și de forță ale Duhului Sfânt
Revoluția socială a Creștinismului și câmpurile emergente și de forță ale Duhului Sfânt
(The Social Revolution of Christianity and the Emerging and Dynamic Fields of the Holy Spirit)
- Author(s):Daniel Munteanu
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Eastern Orthodoxy, Sociology of Religion
- Page Range:156-176
- No. of Pages:21
- Keywords:Social revolution; kenosis of the Holy Spirit; uncreated energies; emergent fields of power; St. Macarius of Egypt; eschatology;
- Summary/Abstract:Contemporary interdisciplinary theological and sociological research emphasizes the historical significance of early Christianity as a revolution of social values. In the present paper, I will present the main aspects of this social revolution of Christianity and draw the connection between the social-value revolution, the kenotic spirituality based on the concept of the Holy Spirit’s kenosis, and the vision of the Holy Spirit’s emergent and force fields. Contemporary Protestant theologies are increasingly receiving Orthodox teaching on the Holy Spirit and the uncreated energies of God. This convergence in pneumatology enables us to reflect on the understanding of social and cultural diaconia through the lens of the work and power of the Holy Spirit in history. The Orthodox concept of synergy (co-labor) between man and the power of God’s grace draws our attention to the historical responsibility of both the particular activity of believers and the activity and vocation of the Church to be the „salt of the earth” and „light of the world” (Matthew 5:13-14) in the contemporary world. Believers and the Church can be the „salt of the earth” and the „light of the world” only through the power and work of the Holy Spirit. Orthodox Christian spirituality shows that this state of spiritual and cultural enlightenment is reached only through unceasing prayer and following Christ, who is the true „light of the world”: „I am the Light of the world; he who follows me will not walk in darkness, but will have the light of life” (John 8:12). The light of Christ brings us the light of both historical and eschatological life. By the light of Christ, we enlighten the world with the light, glory, and joy of resurrection and eternal life, foretold and communicated to us by the power of the Holy Spirit. Christian diaconia, as restoration of justice and image of God in man, has this eschatological, liturgical, and witnessing dimension, reminding us of the Kingdom of God as the Kingdom of justice, peace, and love.
Transcendența bolii și valoarea misiunii - un episod biblic
Transcendența bolii și valoarea misiunii - un episod biblic
(The Transcendence of Illness and the Value of Mission – A Biblical Episode)
- Author(s):Remus Onișor
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
- Page Range:177-186
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:suffering; illness; prophet; calling; mission; hope; meaning;
- Summary/Abstract:The death of King Uzziah prepares the prophet Isaiah for a mission in which the important role will be played in the presence of the Lord. The transient and dramatic existence of a king causes a prophet to have a spiritual vision that will positively influence many believers. King Uzziah goes from a beneficial and prosperous reign to a dramatic end. In this historical context, the prophet Isaiah becomes a man full of hope. God is with us even in dramatic situations. The Lord’s servants, the seraphim, purify and strengthen the prophet in a miraculous theophany. The prophet embraces both the king’s death and the weight of a life full of obstacles, giving it a high and edifying meaning.
Provocările spirituale ale bolii
Provocările spirituale ale bolii
(The Spiritual Challenges of Illness)
- Author(s):Mihail Teodorescu
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
- Page Range:187-208
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:sin; awareness; repentance; life; holiness;
- Summary/Abstract:Sin is a dysfunction of life’s trajectory, of the spiritual purpose of man, and a disturbance of the surrounding nature by opposition to it. Love unites and builds, sin sickens and destroys. And the ancestral experience of mankind proves that the human being knew from the beginning the dimension of this existential problem, that the healing of the body depends on one’s own spiritual state, which man must not only repair, but also develop. The Great Doctor remains forever the Son of God incarnate, by virtue of His restorative action on human nature.
Desăvârșirea sau unirea mistică la sfinții capadocieni Vasile cel Mare și Grigorie Teologul
Desăvârșirea sau unirea mistică la sfinții capadocieni Vasile cel Mare și Grigorie Teologul
(Perfection and Mystical Union in the Cappadocian Fathers: Basil the Great and Gregory the Theologian)
- Author(s):Alexandru-Corneliu Arion
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
- Page Range:209-228
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:deification; mystical union; Cappadocian Fathers; Holy Trinity; likeness to God through; imitation; contemplation; divine grace;
- Summary/Abstract:The Holy Three Hierarchs, Basil the Great, Gregory of Nazianzus and John Chrysostom, have remained in the consciousness of posterity as teachers and luminaries of the entire Christian Church, especially thanks to the essential contribution they had to the elaboration of the doctrine of the Holy Trinity, the true theognosy. At the same time, the development of the Christian teaching on perfection or deification (Gr. theosis), especially by St. Basil and St. Gregory, is a turning point for the patristic vision of man. “Man,” said St. Basil, “is a creature who has received the command to become a god.” But this commandment, addressed to human freedom, is not a constraint. As a personal being, man can accept or reject the will of God. The Cappadocian s aints emphasize the attainment of likeness to God through imitation: for them, Christianity means nothing more than imitating the life in the flesh of Christ. We imitate God by practicing virtues and by enclothing with Christ. Both baptism and the moral life ensure deification. Baptism means the beginning of deification and tears purify like a new flood, when they come out of loving mercy. Through the Eucharist one participates to the death and resurrection of Christ. Thus, the human being is accepted in the totality of the mystery of this liturgy that internalizes the acts that lead to salvation. “We become gods for Him, as He became man for us” (St. Gregory). Purification from passions, prayer, the Liturgy, communion through the Holy Mysteries, opened the great hierarchs to the work of the grace of the Holy Spirit, Who led them to the contemplation of the Holy Trinity, thus transforming them into “speakers of God” (theologisers). Knowledge of the divine being consists “in the feeling that we cannot know the being of God” (St. Basil), for, as St. Gregory apodictically points out: “Understanding God is difficult, but expressing Him is impossible.”
Canon Law and its Relationship with State Law
Canon Law and its Relationship with State Law
(Canon Law and its Relationship with State Law)
- Author(s):Cosmin Santi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Sociology of Religion
- Page Range:229-242
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Canon Law; State Law; Jurisdiction; Complementarity; Fundamental Rights;
- Summary/Abstract:This article analyzes the development of Canon Law and its importance for the Orthodox, Roman Catholic and Protestant Churches. It presents aspects of the degree of juridification and institutionalization of Christian religious communities over the centuries and the evolution of relations between the State and the Church as a basis for dialogue between them today. Certain terms of secular law underlying the relations of collaboration and cooperation between Church and State legal systems in contemporary times are analyzed. In the key to this issue, the specific jurisdiction of the Church is defined and delimited in relation to that of the democratic state, both being equal in authority, competence and importance, but independent and complementary. Finally, it is made clear that there are no irreconcilable conflicts between the two systems of law, Church and State, and that for this reason there have been and continue to be relationships of convergence, complementarity and interaction.
Durere, boală – alinare, terapie și restaurare în Vechiul Testament
Durere, boală – alinare, terapie și restaurare în Vechiul Testament
(Suffering and Illness – Healing, Consolation, and Restoration in the Old Testament)
- Author(s):Hristea Caraiánnis
- Contributor(s):Ion-Marian Croitoru (Translator)
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Biblical studies
- Page Range:243-256
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Sickness; disease; health; healing; pain; affliction; death; leprosy; ulcers; plague; physical diseases; mental illnesses; Old Testament; sin; Fall; retribution; relief; salvation;
- Summary/Abstract:In the Old Testament, the Fall of man brings about the transition from immortality to death. This transition process includes the concept of pain and illness, which is both physical and mental. Studying the text of the Old Testament, we observe that illness is the result of sin and that the biblical author calls the reader to a reconnection with God, which brings relief from pain and the restoration of both health and spirit.
Editarea și comentariul vieții Sfinților Doctori fără de arginți, în secolul al IX-lea
Editarea și comentariul vieții Sfinților Doctori fără de arginți, în secolul al IX-lea
(Transcending Illness and the Significance of Mission: A Biblical Narrative)
- Author(s):Ioan Panaiotópulos
- Contributor(s):Ion-Marian Croitoru (Translator)
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
- Page Range:257-269
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Saints Cosmas and Damian; the Holy Unmercenaries; Constantinople; Monastery of the Holy Unmercenaries (Kosmidion); Raymond Janin; Cyril Mango; Halûk Çetinkaya; Paulinos; Emperor Theodosius II; Empress
- Summary/Abstract:The document, titled The Edition and Commentary of the Life of the Holy Unmercenaries in the 9th Century, authored by Professor Ioannis A. Panagiotopoulos from the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, explores the historical and hagiographical tradition surrounding Saints Cosmas and Damian. It examines their veneration in Constantinople, highlighting the numerous churches and monasteries dedicated to them. Among these, the Monastery of the Holy Unmercenaries (Kosmidion) is particularly emphasized. The document discusses different theories regarding its exact location, referencing scholars such as Raymond Janin, Cyril Mango, and Halûk Çetinkaya, who have placed it in different areas of the city. The study also delves into the foundation of the monastery, traditionally linked to Paulinos, a courtier of Emperor Theodosius II (408–450), who was accused of an affair with Empress Eudocia. His miraculous survival, attributed to the intervention of the Saints, led to the completion of the monastery around 439. The monastery was later restored by Emperor Justinian, but suffered destruction during the Avar invasions. A significant portion of the text is devoted to the miraculous healings attributed to Saints Cosmas and Damian. The oldest collection of their miracles, dating to the 6th or early 7th century, documents numerous cases where the Saints appeared in dreams to heal believers. The text draws comparisons with other hagiographical traditions, such as the miracles of Saints Cyrus and John of Alexandria. The three different pairs of Saints Cosmas and Damian venerated in Christian tradition are also analyzed: 1) The Arabian Martyrs (died under Diocletian, celebrated on October 17); 2) The Roman Martyrs (martyred under Carinus, celebrated on July 1); The Asia Minor Saints, who died peacefully and were commemorated on November 1. A key focus is on the 9th- century edition and commentary of the saints’ life by Patriarch Methodius of Constantinople (843-847). His work, which included annotations on their Roman martyrdom, aimed to clarify their distinct feast days. However, much of his hagiographical material was later overshadowed by Saint Symeon Metaphrastes, whose reworkings led to the loss of earlier texts. The document concludes by emphasizing the importance of Methodius’ work in preserving the Byzantine hagiographical tradition and understanding 9th-century theological discourse. Despite later editorial interventions, his contributions remain valuable for the study of ecclesiastical history and the veneration of Saints in the Byzantine world.
Sfântul Alexie Mečev, un model al slujirii bisericești contemporane
Sfântul Alexie Mečev, un model al slujirii bisericești contemporane
(Saint Alexei Mechev: A Model of Contemporary Church Ministry)
- Author(s):Irina Casapi
- Contributor(s):Ion-Marian Croitoru (Translator)
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
- Page Range:270-277
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Aleksej Mečev; Russian Church; Great Jubilee Synod; Moscow Patriarchate; canonizations; contemporary saints; pastoral care;
- Summary/Abstract:Fr. Aleksej Mečev was canonized as a saint during the Great Jubilee Synod of the Russian Church in 2000, by the Moscow Patriarchate, as a charismatic priest who dedicated his whole life to the ministry of his parishioners. Always ready to help the people solve the practical and material problems they faced he became a contemporary example of sacrificial love and pastoral care.
Vindecările din Noul Testament: slujirea semenului prin minunile Domnului Iisus Hristos și ale Sfinților Apostoli
Vindecările din Noul Testament: slujirea semenului prin minunile Domnului Iisus Hristos și ale Sfinților Apostoli
(Healing in the New Testament: Ministry to the Neighbor through the Miracles of Christ and His Holy Apostles)
- Author(s):Vasile Țerpos
- Contributor(s):Ion-Marian Croitoru (Translator)
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Biblical studies
- Page Range:278-286
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Healings; New Testament; Jesus Christ; Apostles; ministry;
- Summary/Abstract:In the New Testament the narratives of miraculous healings (healing of the sick and demon-possessed people, resurrection of the dead) both by Jesus Christ himself and the Apostles have an important place and are primarily used as „signs” to highlight Jesus’ messianic status and the beginning of His Kingdom. Therefore, they are presented as "signs" that demonstrate that His incarnation constitutes His supreme act of ministry towards man, i.e. man’s salvation from the consequences of original sin, and show which should be the christian way of life and attitude towards our fellow men.
Teologia suferinței în îngrijirea paliativă a creștinilor
Teologia suferinței în îngrijirea paliativă a creștinilor
(A Theology of Suffering in the Palliative Care of Christians)
- Author(s):Aurel Mihai
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
- Page Range:287-303
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:pastoral care; soul; love; palliative care; suffering; unity;
- Summary/Abstract:Taking care of the ones who are in suffering, especially in a spiritual way, has always been one of Christianity’s main points, knowing that Jesus Christ Himself has encouraged humans to support one another, through unconditional love, both in body and soul, following His example. Nowadays, the Orthodox Church is focused, besides on praying for the entire creation and inviting humans to stand by its side, also on providing the necessary means to improve man’s health through some physical methods, like the palliative care, with the aid of medical science. It also teaches that life doesn’t end here, in the material and ephemeral plane, by this way not casting aside medicine, but working alongside it for the benefit of people. There’s an entire chapter about theology of suffering among Orthodoxy’s doctrines, anchored in faith and everlastingness. It shows that even if humans can endure sufferings and diseases in this life, all the pain shall disappear once their soul goes back to our Lord and they’ll finally be united with Him forevermore, that if, of course, the divine commands have been observed.
Life as the Divine Gift: Human Responsibility in the Light of Faith
Life as the Divine Gift: Human Responsibility in the Light of Faith
(Life as the Divine Gift: Human Responsibility in the Light of Faith)
- Author(s):Sorin Bute
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
- Page Range:304-309
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:divine gift; human responsibility; orthodox theology; image and likeness; ethical challenges;
- Summary/Abstract:This article delves into the profound Christian understanding of life as the greatest gift from God, presenting an intrinsic responsibility towards this divine endowment. Drawing from biblical sources and theological insights, it explores the duality of human existence as created in God's "image" and evolving towards His "likeness." The discourse highlights the essential attributes imparted by God – existence, eternal existence, goodness, and wisdom – while underscoring the human journey towards virtue through grace. Amidst modern ethical challenges, the article reaffirms the sanctity and value of life, emphasizing humanity's role as God's partners in nurturing and safeguarding creation, thus attaining spiritual fulfillment and eternal life.
Cadrele și rigorile pastorației pe frontul românesc al Primului Război Mondial
Cadrele și rigorile pastorației pe frontul românesc al Primului Război Mondial
(The Contexts and Demands of Pastoral Ministry on the Romanian Front in the First World War)
- Author(s):Florin Vârlan
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
- Page Range:310-322
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Church; Army; military priest; pastorate; First World War;
- Summary/Abstract:Looking at the history of our people, we distinguish the fact that there was a beautiful symbiosis between the Army and the Church, the Romanian soldier also being a good Christian. As for the institutional relationship, it developed over time, along with the existential development of the two institutions, until at the beginning of the 19th century, the century of social and institutional modernization of the Romanian Principalities, this historical link also had a legal status, which in time would be perfected, tested during the First World War and crowned with the establishment of the Military Bishopric in 1921. I will try to capture all these stages in the study of face, trying to highlight, first of all, the necessity of the presence of the priest on the front of the first world war, taking into account, above all, the extremely poor conditions in which the pastorate could be done.
Who am I? The Psychosomatic nature of man
Who am I? The Psychosomatic nature of man
(Who am I? The Psychosomatic nature of man)
- Author(s):Traian-Alexandru Miu, Alexandru-Mihai Cîrnaru
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Philosophy, Special Branches of Philosophy, Theology and Religion, Philosophy of Religion
- Page Range:323-333
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:rationalities of creation; human reason; matter; soul; moral consciousness; deification;
- Summary/Abstract:Orthodox anthropology does not distance man from God, nor does it seek to destroy man's identity as the bearer of God's image. In this article, we aim to offer a new perspective on human identity within the communion of Trinitarian love, entirely rejecting the tragic error proposed by the evolutionary model. In the first chapter, we discuss the rationality of creation and human reason, emphasizing that man is both reason (manifested through thought and religion) and rationality (manifested in the functioning of internal organs and the sustenance of biological life). The symphony between matter and soul is a profound mystery, which is why the next chapter addresses the deification of man and subsequently the entire creation. The evolution described by Orthodoxy is spiritual and infinite in God. The following chapter explores the uniqueness of human consciousness compared to other animal species, offering three examples: the first two present tests conducted on primates to demonstrate human-like predispositions, while the third describes the social organization of gorillas (in tribes and families). The final chapter examines the fulfillment of creation's purpose in the deified man, as both the biological (the body) and the spiritual (the soul) are called to participate in the process of transfiguration.
Preaching and social ministry. The prophetic vocation of Orthodox homiletics in response to the needs of the contemporary community
Preaching and social ministry. The prophetic vocation of Orthodox homiletics in response to the needs of the contemporary community
(Preaching and social ministry. The prophetic vocation of Orthodox homiletics in response to the needs of the contemporary community)
- Author(s):Anton Savelovici
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Philosophy, Special Branches of Philosophy, Theology and Religion, Philosophy of Religion, Biblical studies
- Page Range:334-343
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:Orthodox homiletics; social ministry; prophetic vocation; patristic theology; biblical ethics; contemporary challenges;
- Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the role of Orthodox homiletics in responding to contemporary social challenges, with a particular focus on social ministry as a prophetic vocation. By drawing on biblical texts and patristic teachings, the paper outlines how Orthodox preaching serves not only as a vehicle for theological instruction but also as a catalyst for social action. Specific issues such as poverty, mental health, migration, and environmental stewardship are examined within the context of Orthodox theology. The paper argues that Orthodox homiletics can offer a profound and transformative response to these challenges by emphasizing the Christian duty to serve one's neighbor, thus integrating faith with practical solutions to modern-day societal issues.
Slujirea lui Dumnezeu și a aproapelui prin intermediul muzicii bisericești
Slujirea lui Dumnezeu și a aproapelui prin intermediul muzicii bisericești
(Serving God and One’s Neighbor through Church Music)
- Author(s):Mihail Vlădăreanu
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Music, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
- Page Range:344-347
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:byzantine music; Holy Liturgy; sacred music; divine harmony; liturgical hymn;
- Summary/Abstract:The Holy Liturgy, this mysterious sublimation of being and becoming in Christ, expresses the greatness and the divine message of the Gospel in the Eastern liturgical music environment, being a reflection of the Heavenly Liturgy, where the angelic powers stand and serve unseen, being not only an icon and a symbol of the Kingdom of God, but a real and true presence in which the belivers are called to the Christian communion.
Taina Sfântului Maslu în Mărturisirile de credinţă ale celor trei mari confesiuni creștine
Taina Sfântului Maslu în Mărturisirile de credinţă ale celor trei mari confesiuni creștine
(The Mystery of the Holy Unction in the Confessions of Faith of the Three Major Christian Traditions)
- Author(s):Dacian But Căpuşan
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
- Page Range:348-366
- No. of Pages:19
- Keywords:Holy Unction; sacrament; confessions of faith; Church; suffering; healing; Orthodoxy; Roman-catholicism; Protestantism;
- Summary/Abstract:The study presents the teaching on the Sacrament of Holy Unction in the Confessions of Faith of the three Great Christian Confessions. Holy Unction is not a simple therapy with oil, which was practiced in the Orient, both by Jews and pagans, or a symbolic anointing that was also practiced in the Old Testament. It is an unction "in the name of the Lord", therefore according to the will of Christ, it cannot be called a minor or incomplete sacrament. Unction is not a late invention of ecclesiastical life and tradition, but is a cultic and grace-filled reality of the Church and its life from the beginning, since it was instituted by Christ the Savior and was often practiced in the New Testament.
Cunoașterea teologică, modul cel mai propriu de raportare la adevăr
Cunoașterea teologică, modul cel mai propriu de raportare la adevăr
(Theological Knowledge as the Truest Mode of Encountering Truth)
- Author(s):Cosmin Iulian Cîrstea
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Other Christian Denominations
- Page Range:367-379
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:truth; knowledge; Logos; reason; communion;
- Summary/Abstract:This article explores theological knowledge as the most authentic way of relating to truth, a way that transcends modern epistemology based on demonstration and empirical verification. Unlike purely rational knowledge, theological knowledge involves a personal and existential relationship with the Supreme Truth, identified with God. In theology, truth is not merely an abstract concept but a Person – the Divine Logos. This form of knowledge entails communion, contemplation and direct spiritual experience, going beyond mere conceptualization. Every truth of the world is intrinsically linked to the Ultimate Truth, the Divine Logos, and therefore, communion with Him also leads to a correct relationship with truth. In theology, it is said that each creature has a truth, a reason, a logos, which originates in the Divine Logos. Thus, creation is not just a material reality but a profound one, destined to participate in holiness and communion with God. Theological knowledge acknowledges the limits of human reason and emphasizes that truth cannot be fully circumscribed by rational thought alone. Truth reveals itself and is shared with those who sincerely seek it, and experiencing this truth leads to transformation and a salvific understanding of reality.
Voluntariatul creștin ortodox ca instrument de formare a valorilor morale și spirituale în rândul tinerilor
Voluntariatul creștin ortodox ca instrument de formare a valorilor morale și spirituale în rândul tinerilor
(Orthodox Christian Volunteering as a Means of Forming Moral and Spiritual Values among Young People)
- Author(s):Victoria Ferescu, Ion-Marian Croitoru
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Sociology of Religion
- Page Range:380-395
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Orthodox Christian volunteering; spiritual formation; moral values; young people; active faith; serving the neighbour; social responsibility; community involvement; personal development; philanthropy;
- Summary/Abstract:In a society increasingly marked by individualism and secularization, young people face many challenges in forming a solid moral and spiritual value system. As cultural, technological and economic influences become more pronounced, there is an urgent need to provide young people with opportunities for personal development based on enduring values and grounded in spiritual principles. In this context, Orthodox Christian volunteering emerges as an unconventional but highly effective form of education capable of cultivating both moral and spiritual virtues. For young people, involvement in Christian voluntary activities is not only a way of helping the community, but also a way of developing their moral character and deepening their spiritual life. Volunteering offers them a setting in which they can learn and experience core values such as altruism, compassion, responsibility and solidarity. Moreover, by serving their neighbours, young people come closer to Christian teachings, actively and palpably living their faith, which contributes to the development of a strong Orthodox Christian spiritual conscience, having as main motivation the love of God and of their fellow man, thus coming to respond to the Gospel commandment "to love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind, and your neighbour as yourself (Luke 10, 27)". The analysis of Orthodox Christian volunteering as a tool for the formation of moral and spiritual values among young people explores how voluntary activities, carried out under the auspices of the Orthodox Christian faith, contribute to the personal development of young people and to strengthening their bond with God. It is therefore appropriate to examine the impact of this type of volunteering on the character and behaviour of young people, illustrating how these activities can provide young people with the opportunity to discover their spiritual calling and become moral leaders in their communities, as Orthodox Christian volunteering is a profound form of youth education that not only develops their social and interpersonal skills, but also provides them with an Orthodox Christian worldview based on love, compassion and unconditional service. This is an essential way for young people to develop a strong moral character and deepen their relationship with God, thus becoming responsible citizens and dedicated Orthodox Christian believers.
Strategia duhovnicească și rolul trezviei pentru mântuirea omului, după învățătura Părintelui Arsenie Papacioc
Strategia duhovnicească și rolul trezviei pentru mântuirea omului, după învățătura Părintelui Arsenie Papacioc
(Spiritual Strategy and Watchfulness (Nepsis) in the Salvation of Man, according to the Teaching of Elder Arsenie Papacioc)
- Author(s):George-Adrian Nae, Ion-Marian Croitoru
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
- Page Range:396-410
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Spiritual advice; healing of the soul; formalism; personal experience; therapeutic methods; Orthodoxy; patristic way of living and thinking; vigilance; spiritual strategy;
- Summary/Abstract:Father Arsenie Papacioc, through his teachings, offers everyone a therapeutic spiritual vision, deeply rooted in Orthodox spirituality and dynamically updated in relation to the context of today’s world. These teachings reflect a rich experience, based on personal living rather than theoretical reflections. The central element of his teachings, in regards to the spiritual edification of man, is the state of continuous presence, through which direct and personal communion with God is achieved, without which the spiritual life lacks identity. The spiritual strategy and vigilance are the main coordinates upon which the connection between spoken word and practical life can be restored. In fact, the necessary response to spiritual and emotional challenges, which have direct consequences on the human body, specific to the present times, is the rediscovery of the pastristic way of living and thinking, as conveyed by the Saints of the past and present, in the Church of our Saviour, Jesus Christ.
Aspecte din învățătura Sfântului Porfirie Cafsocalivitul despre boală
Aspecte din învățătura Sfântului Porfirie Cafsocalivitul despre boală
(Insights from the Teaching of Saint Porphyrios the Kafsokalivite on Illness)
- Author(s):Gabriel-Victor Bâclea, Ion-Marian Croitoru
- Language:Romanian
- Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Theology and Religion, Pastoral Theology
- Page Range:412-424
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Saint Porphyrios; Orthodoxy; illness; spiritual sickness; healing;
- Summary/Abstract:This study explores the teachings of Saint Porphyrios the Kafsokalyvite on illness, offering a holistic perspective that integrates spiritual, psychological, and physical dimensions. Saint Porphyrios viewed illness not merely as a physical ailment, but as a manifestation of deeper spiritual realities, often rooted in the state of the soul. He emphasized that egoism and pride are primary causes of spiritual sickness, which, if left untreated, can lead to physical afflictions. Through repentance, confession, and trust in God’s providence, suffering can be transformed into a path of purification, illumination, and union with Christ. The study is structured into four main sections: a brief biography of Saint Porphyrios; an examination of the illnesses he endured; an analysis of the miraculous healings he performed; and a detailed exploration of his theological understanding of illness. The teachings of Saint Porphyrios are contextualized within the broader framework of Orthodox patristic tradition. This first part of the study focuses on the nature and purpose of illness, while a subsequent publication will address Saint Porphyrios’ teachings on healing. By examining his life and writings, this study aims to provide both a theological understanding and practical guidance for those facing suffering, highlighting how illness can become a means of spiritual growth and divine communion. Saint Porphyrios’ message remains profoundly relevant, offering hope and consolation to believers today.
