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Proceedings of the International Annual Conference of the Institute for Bulgarian Language (Sofia, 2023). Cover Image

Доклади от Международната годишна конференция на Института за български език „Проф. Любомир Андрейчин“ (София, 2023 година)
Proceedings of the International Annual Conference of the Institute for Bulgarian Language (Sofia, 2023).

Author(s): Petya Barkalova, Krasilina Koleva-Kostova, Hristo Manev, Krasimira Aleksova, Ruska Stancheva, Verka Sasheva, Gergana Padareva-Ilieva, Teodora Krasteva, Elka Mircheva, Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova, Pirnika Penkova-Lyager, Tatyana Ilieva, Nadka Nikolova, Vanya Micheva, Georgi Mitrinov, Kalina Micheva-Peycheva, Magdalena Abadzhieva, Luchia Antonova-Vasileva, Manuela Nevaci, Irina Floarea, Iliyana Garavalova, Svitlana Georgieva, Kiril Kirilov, Krasimira Koleva, Hristina Deykova, Mariyana Parzulova, Simeon Stefanov, Nadezhda Dancheva, Tatyana Braga, Velislava Stoykova, Peter Žeňuch, Yoanna Kirilova, Svetlana Šašerina, Alexander Letuchiy, Ekaterina Tarpomanova, Ivan Derzhanski, Olena Siruk, Georgi Georgiev, Olena Voytseva, Stanisław Goźdź-Roszkowski, Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska, Vladislav Marinov, Reni Manova, Viara Maldžieva, Miyryam Salim
Contributor(s): Svetla Koeva (Editor), Maxim Stamenov (Editor), Tatyana Alexandrova (Editor), Atanaska Atanasova (Editor), Diana Blagoeva (Editor), Lilyana Vasileva (Editor), Mariana Vitanova (Editor), Maya Vlahova-Angelova (Editor), Tsvetelina Georgieva (Editor), Hristina Deykova (Editor), Lora Zheleva (Editor), Zhaneta Zlateva (Editor), Slavka Keremidchieva (Editor), Yoanna Kirilova (Editor), Mariya Kitanova (Editor), Margarita Koteva (Editor), Ana Kocheva (Editor), Mihaela Kuzmova (Editor), Hristina Kukova (Editor), Iliyana Kuneva (Editor), Yavor Miltenov (Editor), Elka Mircheva (Editor), Vanya Micheva (Editor), Kalina Micheva-Peycheva (Editor), Ruska Stancheva (Editor), Malina Stoycheva (Editor), Ivelina Stoyanova (Editor), Vanina Sumrova (Editor), Milen Tomov (Editor), Katerina Usheva (Editor), Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova (Editor), Anna Choleva-Dimitrova (Editor)
Subject(s): History, Anthropology, Social Sciences, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Foreign languages learning, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Ethnohistory, Translation Studies
ISSN: 2683-1198
Published by: Институт за български език „Проф. Любомир Андрейчин“, Българска академия на науките
Keywords: Bulgarian Language; linguistics; lexicology; lexicography; terminology; terminography; historical lingusitics; history of Bulgarian language; dialectology; etymology; onomastics; ethnolinguistics; comparative linguistics; computational linguistics
Summary/Abstract: This volume contains the papers presented at 2023 edition of the Annual International Conference of the Institute for Bulgarian Language Prof. Lyubomir Andreychin at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences .The Conference is a prestigious forum for sharing the latest achievements and trends in all areas of the study of the Bulgarian language in Bulgaria and around the world, as well as the advances of the ten departments of the Institute, including research carried out under national and international projects and in cooperation with scholarly centers in Bulgaria and abroad.

Series: Доклади от Международната годишна конференция на Института за български език „Проф. Любомир Андрейчин“

  • Page Count: 345
  • Publication Year: 2023
  • Language: Turkish, Slovak, English, Bulgarian, Romanian, Croatian, Russian, Polish, Ukrainian, Old Slavonic, Hungarian, Old Bulgarian
Разширен обхват на синтактичния анализ чрез структурография и статистически прогностични методи

Разширен обхват на синтактичния анализ чрез структурография и статистически прогностични методи
(Extending the scope of syntactic analysis through structurography and statistical predictive methods)

  • Author(s):Petya Barkalova, Krasilina Koleva-Kostova, Hristo Manev
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Syntax, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:13-23
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:scope and depth of syntactic structures; Bulgarian syntax; statistical prognostic methods
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper presents the results of a new study on the syntactic structures of simple two-component sentences in the works of Yordan Yovkov, Emilian Stanev and Yordan Radichkov. Statistical prognostic methods support the syntactic analysis and enrich it with quantitative data on the makeup of the simple sentence. The observed quantitative characteristics are the scope and depth of the sentence structure, as well as the forms of connection – subordination or coordination. Statistical and syntactic inferences are made that support the study of authors’ individual grammar in an innovative way.
За композитумите от типа на "кой ще да е"

За композитумите от типа на "кой ще да е"
(On composita of the type ‘Koy shte da e’)

  • Author(s):Krasimira Aleksova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Lexis, Pragmatics, South Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:24-30
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:indefinite pronouns; grammaticalization; paradigmatization; contemporary Bulgarian language
  • Summary/Abstract:In this text, the main object are the composita of the type koy shte da e in the contemporary Bulgarian language. Through specific examples, I establish the specificity of their semantics and their uses in the sentence. The adopted hypothesis is that they are used as indefinite pronouns, and that they share some of the semantic features of the indefinite pronouns of the types koy da e and koyto shte da e. I present the similarities and differences with other types of indefinite pronouns. Emphasis is placed on the paradigmatization of the composita of the koy shte da e type as indefinite pronouns. Some cases of ambiguity of the functions of this type of indefinite pronouns are considered.
Категорията съставни лексикални единици в нормативната граматика

Категорията съставни лексикални единици в нормативната граматика
(The category of multiword expressions in normative grammar)

  • Author(s):Ruska Stancheva, Viara Maldžieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Descriptive linguistics, Phraseology
  • Page Range:31-40
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:modern Bulgarian language; grammar; MWEs
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses the systematic description of multiword expressions (MWEs) as objects of grammar. The definition of such units is proposed, their scope is determined, criteria for their identification are derived. A framework for description of the grammatical properties of MWEs is presented that takes into consideration two distinct types of MWEs – syntactic phrasemes and phrasemes. Main normative problems related to the use of syntactic phrasemes are noted.
Функционално-семантичната категория залоговост в българския език

Функционално-семантичната категория залоговост в българския език
(The functional-semantic category of voice in the Bulgarian language)

  • Author(s):Verka Sasheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Stylistics
  • Page Range:41-49
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:Bulgarian language; functional-semantic field; voice; explicators
  • Summary/Abstract:The purpose of the article is to outline the means (explicators, modifiers) that are in the core and periphery of the functional-semantic field of voice. Attention is paid not only to the morphological category of voice, which is at the core of the functional-semantic field; other peripheral explicators of the category – both lexical and syntactic – are considered, too. Some homonymous uses of passive forms with already lost passive meanings are discussed. An attempt is made to distinguish them by means of a functional-semantic (pragmatic, not formal) criterion.
Средна скорост на речта за българския език (пилотно изследване)

Средна скорост на речта за българския език (пилотно изследване)
(Average speech rate in Bulgarian (a pilot study))

  • Author(s):Gergana Padareva-Ilieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Language acquisition, Psycholinguistics, Cognitive linguistics
  • Page Range:50-54
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:average speech rate; Bulgarian language; adults; talking task
  • Summary/Abstract:Bulgarian science has not yet established the average speech rate of adult native speakers of Bulgarian during a talking task. This pilot study aims to measure the average rate of natural speech by applying a methodology in which the measurable speech unit is syllable per minute. 30 individuals (10 men and 20 women) participated in the experiment. They were asked to talk for at least 2 minutes on a topic of their choice. The study found that the speech rate was 280 syllables per minute. Within this pilot experiment, a comparison was also made between men’s and women’s speech, showing a very insignificant difference genderwise.
Някои наблюдения върху поляризацията на обществото, отразена в българските медии

Някои наблюдения върху поляризацията на обществото, отразена в българските медии
(Some observations on the polarization of society as reflected in the Bulgarian media)

  • Author(s):Teodora Krasteva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Lexis, Semantics, Pragmatics, Descriptive linguistics, Phraseology, Stylistics
  • Page Range:55-60
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:media; polarization; language aggression; Bulgarian language
  • Summary/Abstract:The object of analysis in this article is the language of the Bulgarian media and its ability to influence the process of polarization of society by advancing certain theses in the presentation of the news. The study uses material from some Bulgarian print media such as the newspapers Trud, Sega, 24 chasa, FrogNews, Agency PIK, Ivo Indzhev’s blog – ivo.bg, etc. for the period 2021 2022. Attention is paid to language aggression in the media and the means of its expression.
За изграждането на терминологичната система на старобългарския книжовен език в областта на финансите и стоково-паричните отношения (върху материал от Синайския патерик)

За изграждането на терминологичната система на старобългарския книжовен език в областта на финансите и стоково-паричните отношения (върху материал от Синайския патерик)
(On the construction of the terminological system of the Old Bulgarian literary language in the field of finance and commodity-monetary relations (based on material from the Sinaitic Patericon))

  • Author(s):Elka Mircheva
  • Language:Bulgarian, Old Slavonic, Old Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Morphology, Lexis, Semantics, Historical Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Philology
  • Page Range:61-68
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:terminology; lexicography; Sinaitic Patericon
  • Summary/Abstract:The article examines insufficiently clarified issues regarding the construction of the Bulgarian terminology in the field of finance and commodity-monetary relations. 3 patericon stories from the Sinaitic Patericon are analyzed. The study involves a significant number of witnesses of the transmission of these texts over a vast chronological segment spanning the 10th – 19th centuries.
Лексикални разночетения и география на средновековните текстове (за един молдовски препис на Псевдозонариния номоканон от XVI век)

Лексикални разночетения и география на средновековните текстове (за един молдовски препис на Псевдозонариния номоканон от XVI век)
(Lexical variants and geography of medieval texts (about a 16th century Moldavian copy of the Pseudo-Zonaras Nomocanon))

  • Author(s):Mariyana Tsibranska-Kostova
  • Language:Bulgarian, Old Slavonic, Old Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, History of Law, Theoretical Linguistics, History of ideas, Lexis, Pragmatics, Historical Linguistics, Bulgarian Literature, South Slavic Languages, Philology, Canon Law / Church Law
  • Page Range:69-76
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Moldavian copies of the Pseudo-Zonaras Nomocanon; Middle Bulgarian literary legacy
  • Summary/Abstract:The article is dedicated to the practically unknown copy of the so-called Pseudo-Zonaras Nomocanon kept in the Library of the Saint Synod of the Romanian Orthodox Church in Bucharest under signature BSS Ms.sl.II 267. The historical context of its emergence and the metadata of the manuscript are studied in comparison with the traditions of this nomocanon in Wallachia and Moldavia after the 14th century, when the Bulgarian translation appeared. Separate Greek words and lexical variations are commented on, such as факеол-венец-савон; посадница, палакида, кавка, накато, some of them with a status of occasional readings for this special Moldavian copy. The author highlights the role of the 16th century Moldavian literature for the preservation of the Middle Bulgarian written heritage.
Наблюдения върху езика на литургийното тълкувание в MSS РГАДА 88 И БОГИШИЧ 52. Морфология на имената

Наблюдения върху езика на литургийното тълкувание в MSS РГАДА 88 И БОГИШИЧ 52. Морфология на имената
(Observations on the language of the liturgical commentary in the contents of MSS RGADA 88 and BOGISHICH 52. The morphology of nominals)

  • Author(s):Tatyana Ilieva
  • Language:Bulgarian, Old Slavonic, Old Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Theology and Religion, Morphology, Lexis, Semantics, Pragmatics, Historical Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Philology, Translation Studies, History of Religion
  • Page Range:77-89
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:Southern Slavonic translations; 15th century; historical morphology; Bulgarian language
  • Summary/Abstract:The object of study in this article are the morphological peculiarities of the nominal system in the hitherto unattributed liturgical commentary of MSS RGADA 88 and Bogishich 52. On the basis of a thorough linguistic analysis linguistic data are gathered about the age in which the work appeared and the literary school to which its author belonged. This investigation shows that as regards its morphological characteristics, the commentary has the characteristic features of Southern Slavonic literature, which conform to the linguistic norms probably already established on Mt. Athos in the first decades of the 14th century and adopted by the Tarnovo men of letters as well, norms underlying the Resava orthography in Serbia later. Judging by the linguistic data examined, the commentary could have been written in the Western Bulgarian or the Eastern Serbian lands by an author who had a command of Old Bulgarian and observed its morphological and syntactic norms by using synthetic nominal forms at the time when the new analytical system had already established itself in the vernacular.
Трансформацията на имената от притчите в идеологеми и възприемането на алегориите в старобългарската екзегеза

Трансформацията на имената от притчите в идеологеми и възприемането на алегориите в старобългарската екзегеза
(The transformation of the parables’ key names in ideologemes and the perception of the allegories in the Old Bulgarian exegesis)

  • Author(s):Pirnika Penkova-Lyager
  • Language:Bulgarian, Old Slavonic, Old Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Christian Theology and Religion, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theology and Religion, Semantics, Pragmatics, Historical Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Philology, Translation Studies
  • Page Range:90-101
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Athanasius of Alexandria; Basil the Great; allegorical exegesis of the Gospel parables
  • Summary/Abstract:Drawing on the Old Bulgarian translations of Athanasius of Alexandria and Basil the Great, the author traces the use of allegorical theology in the 4th century and its reflection as Прїточное богословие during the 10th century. The linguistic comparison between the use of allegorical key-names by Athanasius of Alexandria and the process of conceptualization of ordinary names to divine predicates and theological terms by Basil the Great provides the necessary discourse for the observations on the language practice of the Preslav’s men of letters. When illustrating the process of deriving human knowledge from the literal to the figurative interpretation of a certain story from the Bible, John the Exarch and Constantine of Preslav relied on a common theological platform, also known from the original works of the two authors. The criteria for the correctness of the exegesis according to the two authors are specified.
Терминологичната лексика в „Новъ турско-българскы писмовникъ“ (1873) от Стоил Попов и Иван Чорапчиев

Терминологичната лексика в „Новъ турско-българскы писмовникъ“ (1873) от Стоил Попов и Иван Чорапчиев
(The terminological lexicon in Новъ турско-българскы писмовникъ (New Turkish-Bulgarian Letter Book) by Stoil Popov and Ivan Chorapchiev)

  • Author(s):Nadka Nikolova, Miyryam Salim
  • Language:Turkish, Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Applied Linguistics, Lexis, Semantics, Comparative Linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Philology, Translation Studies, Turkic languages, Phraseology
  • Page Range:102-111
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Revival; letter book; terminology
  • Summary/Abstract:The object of this paper is the study of a bilingual letter book with a view to the employed terminological means. They are presented in several thematic fields and interpreted in terms of their composition, semantics and etymology. Of particular interest is the terminological lexicon in letters of an administrative, legal and commercial nature, which belong to several areas: administrative units and institutions; legal and administrative terminology; documents, acts and other forms of public interaction; positions and posts; commercial and financial terminology. The terminological lexis is structured as small dictionaries, presenting the term words and phrases independently. The dictionaries explain the meaning of each term, accompanied by an etymological reference.
Righteous people, sinners and repentance in the history of Bulgarian literature and today

Righteous people, sinners and repentance in the history of Bulgarian literature and today
(Праведниците, грешниците и покаянието в историята на българската книжнина и днес)

  • Author(s):Vanya Micheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Theoretical Linguistics, Ethnohistory, Lexis, Semantics, Pragmatics, Historical Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Philology
  • Page Range:112-119
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:medieval conceptual sphere; concepts; anthropology; attitudes of present-day Bulgarians
  • Summary/Abstract:This study presents the semantics and linguistic realizations of the concepts righteous people and sinners in different types of works from the 9th – 10th, 14th and 17th centuries. Repentance is analyzed as the basis of the Christian anthropological view in medieval Bulgarian literature. The modern processes of transformation of Christian values in the conditions of the pan-European cultural paradigm are studied by applying the survey research method. The most important conclusion from the three polls conducted with Bulgarians of different ages in 2022 is: sinners today are defined as people who commit crimes, they are most often called criminals and bad people, and they cannot atone for their guilt by repentance alone.
Среднородопска възрожденска сфрагистика: Надписи на лични печати от с. Арда, Смолянско

Среднородопска възрожденска сфрагистика: Надписи на лични печати от с. Арда, Смолянско
(Middle Rhodopean Revival sphragistics: Inscriptions on personal seals from the village of Arda, Smolyan region)

  • Author(s):Georgi Mitrinov
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Anthropology, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Social history, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, 19th Century, Philology
  • Page Range:120-127
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:sphragistics; Bulgarian Revival; history of the Bulgarian language; graphic features; symbolism; Middle Rhodopes
  • Summary/Abstract:The publication examines the use of personal seals during the Bulgarian National Revival in the Middle Rhodopes. The specificity in the graphic layout of the inscriptions on the stamps is shown. The spelling patterns of the anthroponyms are presented. The symbolism included in the inscriptions is described and characterized.
Изключването и приобщаването на другите в историята на българския език и култура

Изключването и приобщаването на другите в историята на българския език и култура
(The exclusion and inclusion of others in the history of the Bulgarian language and culture)

  • Author(s):Kalina Micheva-Peycheva
  • Language:Bulgarian, Old Slavonic, Old Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Anthropology, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Ethnohistory, Social history, Middle Ages, Lexis, Semantics, Historical Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Philology, Phraseology
  • Page Range:128-134
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:otherness; medieval manuscripts; traditional representations; contemporary surveys
  • Summary/Abstract:The object of study are specific realizations of otherness: heathens, heretics, people with disabilities, borderline women. Their exclusion and inclusion to their own is carried out primarily through verbal practices in medieval writings and through rituals in traditional culture. The surveys conducted among present-day Bulgarians enrich our understanding of the concept of others.
„Огледало на истината“ на католическия книжовник Кръстьо Пейкич от 1716 г. и хърватския препис на Павел Стошич от 1724 г. с оглед на проблема за илирийския книжовен език

„Огледало на истината“ на католическия книжовник Кръстьо Пейкич от 1716 г. и хърватския препис на Павел Стошич от 1724 г. с оглед на проблема за илирийския книжовен език
(“A Mirror of Truth” (1716) by the Catholic writer Krastyo Peykich and its Croatian copy from 1724 by Pavel Stoshich in view of the so-called Illyrian literary language)

  • Author(s):Magdalena Abadzhieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Anthropology, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Social history, Modern Age, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, 18th Century, Philology
  • Page Range:135-140
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Krastyo Peykich; Bulgarian Catholics; literature of the Bulgarian Catholics; Chiprovtsi; Banat
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper focuses on Krastyo Peykich’s book “A Mirror of Truth” published in 1716 in Venice, and on one of its Croatian copies kept in the National Library in Zagreb, namely R 4359 from 1724, the work of the Croatian writer Pavel Stoshich. On the first page, the Croatian writer notes that he is “flipping” Peykich’s book from Cyrillic to “our Croatian language”. Apparently, the Cyrillic script was taken as a sign of another language, and this is not accidental, since Cyrillic is the traditional script of Christian Orthodoxy. The purpose of the paper is to present a comparison between the two works in view of the concept of the so-called Illyrian language in the context of the South Slavic linguistic environment.
За Говорите в Дебърско, Република Албания и родопските диалекти

За Говорите в Дебърско, Република Албания и родопските диалекти
(The dialects in the region of Debar (Dibra), Republic of Albania, and the Rhodope dialects)

  • Author(s):Luchia Antonova-Vasileva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Applied Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Philology
  • Page Range:141-150
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:dialectology; linguistic geography; phonetics; vocabulary; Bulgarian dialects
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper compares characteristic dialect features of the Bulgarian dialects from the Debar (Dibra) region in the Republic of Albania and features of the Rhodope dialects. The aim of the comparison is to clarify the nature of the similar or identical features in the reflexes of the back nasal and back jer vowel in different phonetic and phono-morphological positions. Attention is also paid to the dialect lexeme ушники – ‘earrings’, which shows common lexical features in the considered area.
Balkan vs Romance in the linguistic atlas of the Romanian dialects to the north and the south of the Danube

Balkan vs Romance in the linguistic atlas of the Romanian dialects to the north and the south of the Danube
(Balkan vs Romance in the linguistic atlas of the Romanian dialects to the north and the south of the Danube)

  • Author(s):Manuela Nevaci, Irina Floarea
  • Language:English, Bulgarian, Romanian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Geography, Regional studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Philology
  • Page Range:151-164
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:RoDial ALDRO project; dialectology; linguistic geography; Balkan languages; Romanian language; Slavic languages
  • Summary/Abstract:Our paper aims to emphasise the dialectal similarities of North- and South-Danubian Romanian dialects (Daco-Romanian, Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, Istro-Romanian) spoken in Romania, the Republic of Moldova, Ukraine, Serbia, Hungary, Albania, Bulgaria, the Republic of North Macedonia, Greece, Croatia. Our research is based on the questionnaire of Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE), the ALE dialectal archive of the Iorgu Iordan – Al. Rosetti Institute of Linguistics at the Romanian Academy, in order to have a comparison with European dialects. In this way, the concordances with the Romance languages related to the languages of the Balkan Sprachbund and with other European languages are highlighted. The aim is to emphasise the Romance nature and the unity of the Romanian language in the European context.
Сложни думи и словосъчетания със значение ʻкоткаʼ в европейските езици и техните диалекти

Сложни думи и словосъчетания със значение ʻкоткаʼ в европейските езици и техните диалекти
(Compound words and phrases meaning ʻcatʼ in the European languages and their dialects)

  • Author(s):Iliyana Garavalova
  • Language:Slovak, English, Bulgarian, Romanian, French, Croatian, Russian, Czech, Polish, Slovenian, German, Serbian, Old Slavonic, Norwegian, Old Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Geography, Regional studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Finno-Ugrian studies, Western Slavic Languages, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Baltic Languages, Philology
  • Page Range:165-173
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:dialectology; linguistic geography; dialect lexicology; word combinations; compound words
  • Summary/Abstract:The article is the result of the study on the upcoming linguo-geographic description of the names for the domestic cat, Felis domestica, in the European Linguistic Atlas, which was assigned to the Bulgarian Linguistic Commission. The aim of this scientific work is to present the variety of compound words and word combinations with the semantics of ʻcatʼ characteristic of the European languages and their dialects, in order to highlight some interesting trends shared not only by closely related but also by unrelated languages. I present a classification of the analyzed type of names, which is the result of tracing the semantic basis of their origin, as well as the etymology of the words and an analysis of their formal paradigms. In addition, parallels are drawn between the names for a cat and other objects from reality
Лексикални маркери на българския преселнически говор от смесен тип

Лексикални маркери на българския преселнически говор от смесен тип
(Lexical markers in the mixed Bulgarian immigrant dialect)

  • Author(s):Svitlana Georgieva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Geography, Regional studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Descriptive linguistics
  • Page Range:174-177
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:Bulgarian dialects in Bessarabia; lexical diagnostic dialect markers; dialect of the village of Zarya
  • Summary/Abstract:The lexical diagnostic dialect markers of the Bulgarian dialects in Bessarabia have not been studied at all. The preparation of a complete markers’ list at the different language levels is vital for determining the genetic kinship of these dialects.
Унгарски заемки в роднинската терминология, представена в Общославянския лингвистичен атлас

Унгарски заемки в роднинската терминология, представена в Общославянския лингвистичен атлас
(Hungarian loanwords in the kinship terminology included in the Slavic Linguistic Atlas)

  • Author(s):Kiril Kirilov
  • Language:Bulgarian, Hungarian
  • Subject(s):History, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Geography, Regional studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Finno-Ugrian studies, Western Slavic Languages, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Philology
  • Page Range:178-185
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Hungarian language; Slavic languages; loanwords; dialect atlas
  • Summary/Abstract:The study is dedicated to the Hungarian loanwords in the Slavic kinship terminology. The linguistic material is collected from Volume XI Degrees of Kinship prepared by the Bulgarian National Commission as part of the Slavic Linguistic Atlas. The object of analysis are the loanwords of Hungarian origin in the Slavic dialect kinship terminology. The aim of the research is to show the source of the borrowings, the particularities of their adaptation, dialects where they are found. Special attention is also paid to Slavic loanwords adopted in Hungarian that have later been reborrowed into various Slavic dialects.
За шуменския говор преди и след класическия труд на Любомир Милетич Das Ostbulgarische (1903)

За шуменския говор преди и след класическия труд на Любомир Милетич Das Ostbulgarische (1903)
(On the Shumen dialect before and after the classical work “Das Ostbulgarische” (1903) by Lyubomir Miletich)

  • Author(s):Krasimira Koleva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Geography, Regional studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Lexis, Historical Linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Philology
  • Page Range:186-193
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Bulgarian dialectology; Shumen dialect; Lubomir Miletich; Das Ostbulgarische
  • Summary/Abstract:Prof. Lyubomir Miletich is the founder of the academic discipline of Bulgarian dialectology. His fundamental work on the Eastern Bulgarian dialects is the basis for all subsequent researchers of this language area, an important part of which is the Shumen dialect considered by Мiletich to be archaic and important for the classification of Bulgarian dialects. Here I make an overview of the works dedicated to the Shumen dialect, which are necessarily based on “Das Ostbulgarische”.
Произход на български диалектни думи (принос към българската диалектна етимология и „Българския етимологичен речник“)

Произход на български диалектни думи (принос към българската диалектна етимология и „Българския етимологичен речник“)
(The origin of Bulgarian dialect words (a contribution to Bulgarian dialect etymology and the Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary))

  • Author(s):Hristina Deykova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Morphology, Lexis, Semantics, Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Philology
  • Page Range:194-199
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:Bulgarian etymology; dialect vocabulary; borrowings from Turkish
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper applies a systematic approach to the etymologization of Bulgarian dialect words of Turkish origin. The object of analysis are Turkish loanwords with initial a- from the Dictionary of an archaic Rhodope dialect – the dialect of Ropkata, published in 2022. Specific phonetic changes are described, whose regularity in the dialect helps to find other dialectal variants of the words under consideration and to identify the Turkish primary source. The analyzed words are not included in Volume I of the Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary, and the majority of them are not reflected in the corresponding entries of the Dictionary of Turkisms in Bulgarian, so they are related to the respective etymological word families for the first time. Clarifications, additions and corrections are made to some of the existing etymologies or a new etymological interpretation is proposed. Emphasis is placed on the variation of the borrowed dialect lexis, which is of great importance for discovering the foreign language etymon.
Ходонимите на Бургас в миналото и днес

Ходонимите на Бургас в миналото и днес
(The hodonyms of Burgas in the past and today)

  • Author(s):Mariyana Parzulova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Geography, Regional studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Lexis, Semantics, Sociolinguistics, Descriptive linguistics
  • Page Range:200-208
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:hodonyms; naming; renaming
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper examines the hodonyms (names of streets and boulevards) in the city of Burgas from the end of the 19th century till the present day. It presents the reasons for their naming and renaming in different periods of the history of the city and the country
За етимологията на славянския етноним хървàтин: основни хипотези

За етимологията на славянския етноним хървàтин: основни хипотези
(On the etymology of the Slavic ethnonym Croat: main hypotheses)

  • Author(s):Simeon Stefanov
  • Language:Bulgarian, Croatian, Old Slavonic, Old Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Morphology, Lexis, Semantics, Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, South Slavic Languages, Philology
  • Page Range:209-213
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:Slavic languages; ethnonym; Croat; etymology
  • Summary/Abstract:In this publication, I revisit the origin of the Slavic ethnonym Croat, which does not have a generally accepted etymology, and the attempts at explaining it are numerous – from ancient times to the present day. I summarize the main hypotheses and present the most plausible one, which is accepted by most specialists today.
За личните имена на новородените, образувани от старинни славянски основи, в съвременната българска антропонимия

За личните имена на новородените, образувани от старинни славянски основи, в съвременната българска антропонимия
(Slavic-origin personal names of newborns in contemporary Bulgarian anthroponymy)

  • Author(s):Nadezhda Dancheva
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Lexis, Semantics
  • Page Range:214-227
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:personal names; anthroponymic system; ancient name bases
  • Summary/Abstract:The research is part of the project Personal Names in Bulgaria at the beginning of the 21st century. Our efforts are focused on the task of presenting the Bulgarian personal name system at the beginning of the 21st century. The project represents a corpus-based study of the names of the newborn children in some of the largest cities of the country after Bulgaria’s accession to the EU in 2007. The study is based on statistical and linguistic analyses and presents types and forms of the personal names of Slavic origin.
Из историята и антропонимията на едно българско село в Южна Бесарабия

Из историята и антропонимията на едно българско село в Южна Бесарабия
(On the history and anthroponymy of a Bulgarian village in Southern Bessarabia)

  • Author(s):Tatyana Braga
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Lexis, Semantics
  • Page Range:228-239
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Bulgarian onomastics; historical anthroponymy; personal names; Bessarabian Bulgarians
  • Summary/Abstract:The diachronic aspect of Bulgarian anthroponymy and the problems related to the language, history and cultural heritage of Bulgarian communities outside the state borders have never lost their relevance for Bulgarian science. The focus of this study is a little-studied aspect of the problems related to the personal name system of the Bulgarian immigrants from Southern Bessarabia. The purpose of the article is to systematize and introduce into scientific circulation anthroponymic data from archival documents from the beginning of the 19th century. The article presents the discussion about the name of the village, as well as various hypotheses about the origin of the oikonym and the toponymic space (residential district names).
Анализ на термините от областта на киното, включени в Терминологичния енциклопедичен речник по изкуствата

Анализ на термините от областта на киното, включени в Терминологичния енциклопедичен речник по изкуствата
(Analysis of the cinema terms included in the Terminological Encyclopedic Dictionary of Arts)

  • Author(s):Velislava Stoykova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Lexis, Semantics
  • Page Range:240-244
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:termynology; dictionaries; specialized encyclopedic dictionaries; knowledge representation
  • Summary/Abstract:The article examines an approach and offers an analysis of the representation of the basic cinema terms included in the Terminological Encyclopedic Dictionary of Arts. The approaches used to describe these terms in the most Bulgarian specialized reference guides like encyclopedias and dictionaries in cinema are overviewed. The specificity of the terminography approach used for the representation of the cinema terms is outlined on the basis of analyses and comparisons in such a way as to illustrate the terms’ typology as reflected in the overall structure of the dictionary. It is noted that these terms are related to each other as well as to the terms from other arts included in the dictionary.
Из актуальных результатов совместных словацко-болгарских аксиологических исследований

Из актуальных результатов совместных словацко-болгарских аксиологических исследований
(Current results of the joint Slovak-Bulgarian axiological research)

  • Author(s):Peter Žeňuch
  • Language:Slovak, Bulgarian, Russian
  • Subject(s):History, Anthropology, Social Sciences, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Semiotics / Semiology, Theoretical Linguistics, Lexis, Semantics, Pragmatics, Comparative Linguistics, Philology, Phraseology
  • Page Range:245-252
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:Slavic studies; еthnolinguistics; language; culture; history
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper presents the results of several years of ethnolinguistic research carried out in cooperation between Slovak, Bulgarian, Russian and Serbian slavicists. It provides a picture of the perception of the relationship between truth, right, good and evil in the context of linguistic thought. It not only highlights language as a tool of communication but also explains the perception of language as an important feature of cultural and ethnic identity. The paper specifically addresses the issue of research on language as a source of deeper understanding of the study of the history of the language community. Language is also presented as an instrument of value formation for the cultivation of the individual and the community. Тhe study also outlines other areas of cooperation in the field of international linguistically-oriented Slavic studies.
Съвременното състояние на концепта ДУША (върху анкетен материал)

Съвременното състояние на концепта ДУША (върху анкетен материал)
(The current state of the concept of SOUL (based on survey material))

  • Author(s):Yoanna Kirilova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Philology
  • Page Range:253-263
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:cognitive linguistics; concept; survey; soul; Bulgarian language
  • Summary/Abstract:The article examines survey material relating to the concept of SOUL. Survey data obtained on the basis of questions with open and closed answers, as well as questions based on the associative principle, were analyzed. Denotations are brought out, new metaphors are identified, with which the concept lives in the consciousness of the modern Bulgarian. Comparisons are made with the proverbial concept SOUL, on the basis of which the studied concept is assigned to the group of the developing concepts.
Богатство: ценность или антиценность?

Богатство: ценность или антиценность?
(Wealth: a value or an anti-value?)

  • Author(s):Svetlana Šašerina
  • Language:Slovak, Russian, Old Slavonic, Old Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):History, Anthropology, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Ethnohistory, Cognitive linguistics, Philology
  • Page Range:264-268
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:value system; wealth; poverty; virtue; sin; sermon
  • Summary/Abstract:The Christian doctrine regulates human life, behavior, and relationships with relatives and strangers through the commandments. Breaking the commandments is considered a sin, and overcoming one’s own weakness leads to one’s betterment and one’s coming closer to God, which is ultimately the goal of every Christian’s life. The desire for wealth and well-being is characteristic of human nature, but the Bible says otherwise: “Indeed, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for someone who is rich to enter the kingdom of God." (Luke 18, 25). This article examines the characteristics of the perception of wealth and work from the perspective of popular culture and religion.
Интерпретация имён с нулевыми суффиксами в русском языке: Участник или ситуация?

Интерпретация имён с нулевыми суффиксами в русском языке: Участник или ситуация?
(Derived words with zero suffixes in Russian: participants or situations?)

  • Author(s):Alexander Letuchiy
  • Language:Russian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages
  • Page Range:269-275
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:nominalization; complex words; prefixation; zero derivation; Russian language
  • Summary/Abstract:In this paper, I discuss Russian deverbal zero-derived nouns, both prefixed (vyezd ‘departure’) and compound (gvozdodёr ‘tool for pulling out nails’, snegopad ‘snowfall’). It turns out that prefixed nouns mainly denote a situation or its result, while compound nouns may either denote a situation (snegopad) or a participant (agent or a similar instrument-like participant like gvozdodёr). The interpretation depends on the transitivity of the base verb: if it is transitive, the participant interpretation is chosen (gvozdodёr, lesorub ‘lumberjack’, lit. ‘wood-cut’), while with intransitive verbs, the default interpretation is situational (snegopad, ledoxod ‘ice drift’). I explain this possibility by the fact that in complex words, the zero suffix is attached simultaneously with root compounding, and the second root (e.g., -dёr-, -rub-) is not usually a word and does not have a fixed interpretation. By contrast, in words like vyezd the zero suffix is attached to the existent prefixed verb vyexat’ / vyezžat’ ‘drive out’. The properties of the verb are retained under nominalization, including the situational interpretation.
Българският дискурсен маркер 'де' в балкански контекст

Българският дискурсен маркер 'де' в балкански контекст
(The Bulgarian discourse marker де in a Balkan context)

  • Author(s):Ekaterina Tarpomanova
  • Language:Albanian, Bulgarian, Romanian, Greek, Modern (1453-)
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Lexis, Semantics, Pragmatics, Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics
  • Page Range:276-284
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:discourse markers; etymology of discourse markers; usage of discourse markers; Balkan Sprachbund
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper discusses the discourse marker де in the languages of the Balkan Sprachbund (Bulgarian, Albanian, Greek, and Romanian). Theories on the etymology of де in the Balkan languages are analyzed in view of the likelihood of a substratum, Turkic or Slavic origin. The focus is on the use and meaning of the discourse marker. In Bulgarian, Greek, and Albanian, three main meanings can be distinguished, along with some set phrases, while Romanian deviates from the Balkan pattern in the use of the marker.
Българските неопределителни местоимения с елемента 'си' и съответствията им в украински език

Българските неопределителни местоимения с елемента 'си' и съответствията им в украински език
(The Bulgarian indefinite pronouns with the element си and their Ukrainian counterparts)

  • Author(s):Ivan Derzhanski, Olena Siruk
  • Language:Bulgarian, Ukrainian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Comparative Linguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Computational linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Translation Studies
  • Page Range:285-294
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Bulgarian language; indefinite pronouns; reflexive clitic; parallel corpus; Ukrainian language
  • Summary/Abstract:The paper addresses three groups of Bulgarian indefinite pronouns and pronominal expressions incorporating the element си and their Ukrainian counterparts in a parallel bilingual corpus. The study shows that the pronouns of the type еди-Q си mostly correspond to demonstrative pronouns or expressions featuring a demonstrative pronoun in combination with a deictic particle (-ось, -от or -то). Indefinite pronouns proper (of the types Q-сь, Q-небудь and де-Q), as well as demonstrative pronouns in combination with the reflexive pronouns собі, primarily correspond to Bulgarian pronouns of the type нѣ-Q си, whereas the expressions не знам/помня Q си have Ukrainian expressions with a parallel structure, including a cognitive verb, as their most frequent counterparts.
The vocative and case. Observations on languages with a neutral alignment of case marking of NPs

The vocative and case. Observations on languages with a neutral alignment of case marking of NPs
(The vocative and case. Observations on languages with a neutral alignment of case marking of NPs)

  • Author(s):Georgi Georgiev
  • Language:English, Bulgarian, Estonian
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Descriptive linguistics
  • Page Range:295-303
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:vocative; cases; neutral alignment of case marking; typology; typological generalisation; morphosyntax
  • Summary/Abstract:The vocative is a largely understudied linguistic phenomenon. This text examines the implications of treating the vocative as a case value and of not treating it as such in languages with a neutral alignment of case marking of full noun phrases. Special attention is given to such languages lacking (overt) case (marking), barring, supposedly, (marking for) the vocative. The text argues in favour of employing a principled treatment of the vocative that affords sufficient room for typological generalisation while remaining faithful to language data.
Замяна на езиковите табута с евфемизми в украински и полски посредством семантична деривация

Замяна на езиковите табута с евфемизми в украински и полски посредством семантична деривация
(Replacement of language taboos with euphemisms in Ukrainian and Polish by means of semantic derivation)

  • Author(s):Olena Voytseva
  • Language:Bulgarian, Polish, Ukrainian
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Semantics, Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Western Slavic Languages, Eastern Slavic Languages, South Slavic Languages, Philology
  • Page Range:304-310
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:language taboo; euphemism; semantic derivation; Ukrainian language; Polish language
  • Summary/Abstract:The article is devoted to the problem of semantic derivation in the field of euphemistic vocabulary. Euphemization is a dynamic phenomenon caused by linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. The replacement of linguistic taboos with euphemisms is based on the processes of secondary nomination, which involves the use of existing nominative means as new names of entities, processes, phenomena, actions. The creation of euphemistic vocabulary in Ukrainian and Polish is carried out through metonymic, metaphorical and functional transfers and generalization. Universal euphemisms in both languages arise due to the fact that most semantic models are formed by the same type of cultural codes, ones that are reflected in the language. Distinctive euphemistic nominations in Ukrainian and Polish define a specific view of the world, resulting from national and cultural factors and the historical development of the languages.
Жанровая модель заключения судебного эксперта (на материале английского, болгарского, польского и русского языков)

Жанровая модель заключения судебного эксперта (на материале английского, болгарского, польского и русского языков)
(The genre model of the conclusions of a judicial expert (on material from English, Bulgarian, Polish and Russian))

  • Author(s):Stanisław Goźdź-Roszkowski, Julia Mazurkiewicz-Sułkowska
  • Language:English, Bulgarian, Russian, Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Lexis, Semantics, Pragmatics, Comparative Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Cognitive linguistics, Descriptive linguistics, Translation Studies, Phraseology, Stylistics
  • Page Range:311-322
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:adversarial system; expert opinion; generic structure; Bulgarian legal system; Russian legal system; Polish legal system; US common law
  • Summary/Abstract:The literature devoted to legal linguistics often ignores documents encountered in court discourse which contain expert conclusions (forensic investigation). This article attempts to determine the genre model of expert opinions. As part of it, there is also a brief explanation of the legal and cultural context of how judicial expertise works, since it directly affects the structure of the documents we are interested in. The authors compare the conclusions of forensic experts using documents taken from the Anglo-Saxon legal system (common law) and from the civil law system (Polish, Russian, and Bulgarian).
За мекостта на билабиалните консонанти в българския и в румънския език (акустичен аспект)

За мекостта на билабиалните консонанти в българския и в румънския език (акустичен аспект)
(The softness of bilabial consonants in Bulgarian and Romanian (acoustic aspects))

  • Author(s):Vladislav Marinov
  • Language:Bulgarian, Romanian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Phonetics / Phonology, Language acquisition, Comparative Linguistics, Computational linguistics, Descriptive linguistics
  • Page Range:323-330
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:bilabial consonants; Bulgarian language; Romanian language; acoustic characteristics
  • Summary/Abstract:The study analyzes the acoustic characteristics of the bilabial consonants bj, pj and mj in the Bulgarian language and of the bilabial consonants b, p and m in the Romanian language, when preceding the graphic combination ea. The comparative analysis is based on the type of F1 and F2 transition, as the transition of F1 frequencies with soft consonants is lower at the beginning (onset) and higher at the end (offset), while F2 is characterized by higher initial frequencies and lower final frequencies. The experiments show that the acoustic characteristics of the Romanian bilabial consonants b, p and m before ea are close to the acoustic characteristics of the Bulgarian soft bilabial consonants.
Изграждане на рецептивни умения в обучението по българския език като чужд

Изграждане на рецептивни умения в обучението по българския език като чужд
(Building receptive skills in learning Bulgarian as a foreign language)

  • Author(s):Reni Manova
  • Language:Bulgarian
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Foreign languages learning, Applied Linguistics, Language acquisition, Translation Studies
  • Page Range:331-340
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:receptive skills; exercises; foreign students; L2; Bulgarian
  • Summary/Abstract:When studying Bulgarian as a foreign language, the main goal is to develop two types of skills: receptive and productive. The article describes some models and exercises for building and improving receptive skills (reading and listening) applied in the work with foreign students. The types of exercises that can be derived are: recognizing language elements; searching and analyzing information; transformation; production (of words, sentences, texts).
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