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Les emprunts néologiques et les stratégies de glose : essai de catégorisation

Les emprunts néologiques et les stratégies de glose : essai de catégorisation

Author(s): Najet Boutmgharine-Idyassner / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This research is part of the “Neoveille” project, aiming at detecting and analysing neologisms in seven languages. We explore the different types of glosses on new loanwords in the French journalistic discourse. It is commonly assumed that loanwords are words that are more likely to be used along with explanations in the French language. Following this assumption, we suggest that journalists may resort to various ways to provide information aimed at explaining the meaning of the foreign signs they use. We also expect these explanations to vary in accordance with the nature of the foreign element. We can suppose that the use of words referring to foreign realias, also known in French as xenismes, gives rise to metalinguistic comments and to further explanations whereas using a loanword involves giving a French equivalent. // Cette contribution s’inscrit dans le cadre du projet « Neoveille, reperage, analyse et suivi des neologismes en sept langues ». Nous proposons d’examiner les differents types de gloses portant sur les emprunts neologiques dans le discours de la presse francaise. Il est generalement admis que les emprunts figurent parmi les mots les plus susceptibles d’etre accompagnes d’explicitations. Ainsi, on peut supposer que les journalistes deploient differents moyens pour apporter des informations pouvant faciliter la comprehension du mot etranger utilise. On s’attend egalement a observer une certaine variation de ces gloses en fonction de la nature du mot etranger. Les mots designant des realites etrangeres non importees, appeles communement des xenismes, seraient ainsi accompagnes d’explications developpees tandis que l’emploi d’un emprunt impliquerait celui d’un equivalent francais.

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« Cinquante nuances de board » : anglicismes néologiques et équivalents autochtones dans le domaine des sports de glisse

« Cinquante nuances de board » : anglicismes néologiques et équivalents autochtones dans le domaine des sports de glisse

Author(s): Giovanni Tallarico / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Our paper starts by providing a brief report on the connections between sports, terminology and loanwords in contemporary French, highlighting the role of anglicisms and the important work carried out by the Commission specialisee de terminologie et de neologie des sports. Our study deals with a sample of about 50 official terms from boardsports, which we illustrate through the semantic relations that these terms have. After having analysed the presence of loanwords and of their French equivalents in some contemporary dictionaries, both general and specialized, we try to measure the diffusion of these terms in Neoveille database, in L’Equipe.fr website and in Francophone web. It turns out that loanwords are much more widespread than their French equivalents, mainly for historical, geographical and socio-cultural reasons. Finally, we remark that variation affects boardsport vocabulary at more than one level and that semantic equivalence between official terms and loanwords is at times problematic. // Dans notre article nous faisons brievement etat des relations entre sport, terminologie et emprunts dans la dynamique neologique actuelle, en soulignant le poids des anglicismes et le travail d’amenagement mene par la Commission specialisee de terminologie et de neologie des sports. Notre etude concerne un echantillon d’une petite cinquantaine de termes officiels relevant des sports de glisse, dont nous illustrons les relations semantiques. Apres avoir analyse la presence des emprunts et de leurs equivalents autochtones dans quelques dictionnaires contemporains, generaux et de specialite, nous mesurons la circulation de ces termes dans la base de donnees Neoveille, dans le site L’Equipe.fr et dans le web francophone. Il s’avere que les emprunts sont beaucoup plus frequents que leurs equivalents francais, pour des raisons historiques, geographiques et socioculturelles. Pour finir, on peut remarquer que la variation affecte le vocabulaire des sports de glisse a plusieurs niveaux et que l’equivalence semantique entre termes officiels et emprunts s’avere parfois problematique.

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Les anglicismes avec food en polonais actuel

Les anglicismes avec food en polonais actuel

Author(s): Anna Bochnakowa / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the compound words containing food borrowed from English. Examples (comfort food, fast food, food book, food cost, food court, food justice, food pairing, food porn, food truck, food writer, foodie, foodis, foodsharing, fudsejwer, good food, junk food, raw food, slow food, soul food, street food, superfood) come from newspapers and the Language Observatory of the University of Warsaw. In order to specify the date of cited neologisms, the verification in the National Corpus of Polish was carried out. The chosen words are presented in their contexts (translated into French) and annotated with morphological and semantic assimilation in Polish. Alongside some of the anglicisms the Polish counterparts, including the recent ones, appear. // L’article est consacre aux anglicismes composes avec food en polonais contemporain. Les exemples comfort food, fast food, food book, food cost, food court, food justice, food pairing, food porn, food truck, food writer, foodie, foodis, foodsharing, fudsejwer, good food, junk food, raw food, slow food, soul food, street food, superfood proviennent de la presse quotidienne et de l’Observatoire linguistique de l’Universite de Varsovie (Obserwatorium Językowe UW). Pour pouvoir dater l’entree des neologismes cites en polonais, la verification dans le Corpus national de la langue polonaise (NKJP) a ete effectuee. Les mots repertories sont presentes dans leurs contextes (traduits en francais) et accompagnes d’un commentaire concernant l’assimilation morphologique et semantique en polonais. Les equivalents polonais, souvent des neologismes recents eux aussi, sont rapportes a cote de certains anglicismes.

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Jak badać polszczyznę południowokresową XVII i XVIII wieku? Z problemów metodologicznych dialektologii historycznej
4.50 €

Jak badać polszczyznę południowokresową XVII i XVIII wieku? Z problemów metodologicznych dialektologii historycznej

Author(s): Katarzyna Sicińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses methodological issues in historical dialectology. The author concentrates on Polish of the Southern Borderland in the 17th and 18th centuries and provides a comprehensive overview of relevant literature. The paper demonstrates that in studying the Polish language of that period and region it is necessary to apply complex methodology, which would take into account both the classical philological-retrospective method, as well as insights from language contact, comparative linguistics, sociolinguistics and quantitative linguistics.

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Tendencje i procesy w dziejach języka polskiego. W poszukiwaniu nowej metodologii badań składni staropolskiej
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Tendencje i procesy w dziejach języka polskiego. W poszukiwaniu nowej metodologii badań składni staropolskiej

Author(s): Zdzisława Krążyńska,Tomasz Mika,Agnieszka Słoboda / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article briefly presents a new methodological proposal for the description of Old Polish syntax, based on new principles and forming different aims. Those aims are connected with identifying the most important trends in syntactic change and their interpretation. The article provides an overview of the theory more comprehensively advocated in the authors’ book Składnia średniowiecznej polszczyzny (The Old Polish Syntax), published in 2015.

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Glosa – problemy definicyjne i terminologiczne
4.50 €

Glosa – problemy definicyjne i terminologiczne

Author(s): Dorota Masłej / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the understanding of the term gloss in Polish historical-linguistic studies; it also provides an attempt at defining the term. A review of relevant sources demonstrates that the term is not formally defined, but rather treated intuitively by individual scholars. The author points to six criteria which define a gloss, and postulates that the most important, definitional one is connected with the placement of glosses (displayed outside the main text).

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Metody korpusowe i kwantytatywne w językoznawstwie historycznym
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Metody korpusowe i kwantytatywne w językoznawstwie historycznym

Author(s): Rafał L. Górski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the use of machine-readable corpora in historical linguistics, as well as methods elaborated for analyses of present-day language, which are widely adopted to the examination of diachronic processes. These methods enable a more thorough observation of the course and mechanisms which drive language changes. Abundance of data offered by the corpora allows for a wider use of the methods of quantitative linguistics. These in turn allow for identifying some cognitive motivations of diachronic processes as well as estimating the dynamics of the change.

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Analiza języka wartościowania w dyskursie sądowym z perspektywy językoznawstwa korpusowego: możliwości i ograniczenia
4.50 €

Analiza języka wartościowania w dyskursie sądowym z perspektywy językoznawstwa korpusowego: możliwości i ograniczenia

Author(s): Stanisław Goźdź-Roszkowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper sets out to explore the extent to which the subjective and context-sensitive phenomenon of evaluative language could be effectively analyzed in the institutional contexts of judicial discourse using corpus linguistics methods. After reviewing and comparing different conceptualizations of evaluative language (e.g. evaluation, stance, appraisal) and their corresponding methodological perspectives, this chapter presents and critiques a range of selected representative studies of evaluation in judicial opinions. The chapter ends with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of using different corpus linguistics methods and suggestions for further research.

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Wartościowanie jako kategoria semantyczna
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Wartościowanie jako kategoria semantyczna

Author(s): Aleksander Kiklewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is a synthetic explication of value as a category of natural languages. The author treats evaluation in the processes of linguistic activity as a kind of semantic determination of the sentence (or text) elements. Using the notions of standard/norm, parameter of categorization, value scale, etc., the author proposes three types of norms (as the reference points in the evaluation processes): ideal, supposed and real. Other issues that are discussed in the article include the content of the evaluation frame and the structure of the category of value.

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Poza metaforą i mitem. Lingwistyka kulturowa na tropie trzeciej drogi
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Poza metaforą i mitem. Lingwistyka kulturowa na tropie trzeciej drogi

Author(s): Adam Głaz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

What do we mean when we say the Earth is our mother? Is it just a metaphor or an animistic myth? The ethnolinguist Jerzy Bartmiński suggests that one could resort here to Charles Peirce's conception of determinants: this is applied here to Pope Francis’ idea of earth as home in his encyclical Laudato Si’ . Peirce’s semiotic theory may in this way aid scholars associated with the framewok of Cultural Linguistics (Gary Palmer, Farzad Sharifian) in establishing the status of the “third way” beyond metaphor and myth.

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Panchronia, czyli język jako symbol doświadczenia
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Panchronia, czyli język jako symbol doświadczenia

Author(s): Przemysław Łozowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Steven Ullmann’s (1957) conception of panchrony is discussed in the context of the on-going polarization between structurally- and functionally-oriented linguistic paradigms. Panchrony is, thus, understood as “polychrony”, or similarities – in form and substance – in various languages owed to a specific set of favourable conditions and circumstances. Ullmann’s conception is related to a group of so-called swiftly-adverbs, which serves the purposes of exemplifying the difference between diachrony and panchrony. It is concluded that Ullmann’s panchrony is merely a kind of comparative synchrony, and that panchrony must be attempted not in terms of linguistic synchronic universals, but in terms of functional universals, such as cognitive and experiential patterns of behaviour.

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Diagnozowanie i usprawnianie funkcji oddechowej w postępowaniu logopedycznym. Ujęcie teoretyczne i praktyczne
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Diagnozowanie i usprawnianie funkcji oddechowej w postępowaniu logopedycznym. Ujęcie teoretyczne i praktyczne

Author(s): Ewa Gacka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to diagnosing and streamlining the respiratory function in speech-therapy proceedings. A respiration is one of primal activities with regard to the speech,and its evaluation constitutes the integral part of the speech-therapy examination. Thecorrect way of the respiration is an essential condition of the appropriate vocal emission,of saying. In the article the ways of the diagnosis and therapy of the respiratory function(of its different aspects) applied by the speech therapists were presented both at childrenas well as at adult patients.

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Fluencja słowna w otępieniu naczyniopochodnym – ujęcie kliniczne
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Fluencja słowna w otępieniu naczyniopochodnym – ujęcie kliniczne

Author(s): Renata Gliwa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The assumption of this study was the characterization of verbal fluency in vascular dementia. The verbal fluency test was used for the tests. The experimental group included 42 people. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the research material was made. Problems with verbal fluency have been described: formal and categorial in patients with vascular dementia in the light, middle and deep degree.

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Logopeda wobec konsekwencji kolczykowania narządów zespołu ustno-twarzowego
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Logopeda wobec konsekwencji kolczykowania narządów zespołu ustno-twarzowego

Author(s): Katarzyna Jachimowska,Agata Korycka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Piercing of different parts of human body is a phenomenon that can be met in medical practices of doctors of almost all specialties. Piercing cannot be considered harmless and people with oral piercing are a risk group of nourishment and respiratory activities disorders and articulation deterioration. Research results presented in the article prove the existence of “piercing dyslalia”. As a result of gathered material analysis it was also noted that orofacial group disorder can lead into new movements of compensatory character, including parafunctions. Oral piercing can cause abnormal habits of breathing and eating, which are important for the quality of articulation.

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Jak logopeda może pomóc dziecku z mutyzmem wybiórczym?
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Jak logopeda może pomóc dziecku z mutyzmem wybiórczym?

Author(s): Renata Marciniak-Firadza / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The need to communicate with others is one of the most important mental needs of people. Children with selective mutism want to communicate with others but they are unable to do it. Selective mutism is the condition that does not disappear spontaneously, therefore it is necessary to provide children and their families with the therapeutic treatment as early as possible. The most important thing to do is to increase self-confidence of children, among others by trying to help them overcome their fear of verbal contact or any other anxiety that makes that contact difficult. There is no single therapeutic strategy or procedure in the treatment of children with selective mutism because of the specificity of this condition and its complex etiology.

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Beyond the literal and the figurative: Translation of metaphors in surrealist poetry and postmodern fiction
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Beyond the literal and the figurative: Translation of metaphors in surrealist poetry and postmodern fiction

Author(s): Łukasz Barciński / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The study analyzes the concept of metaphor as applied for the purpose of translation analysis of literary works. The discussion will cover a wide range of approaches to metaphor (Ricoeur, Lakoff and Johnson, Derrida). Then, the study will utilize the cognitive approach to metaphor and the concept of conceptual blending, inspired by the research on cognitive poetics by Peter Stockwell. The article also deals with poststructuralist approaches to meaning and interpretation by applying Jacques Derrida’s term undecidables. Finally, the theoretical introduction will present contemporary advancements within Translation Studies related to the focus on literality: Philip Lewis’s abusive fidelity, Douglas Robinson’s neoliteralism, Antoine Berman’s negative analytic, and Lawrence Venuti’s foreignization. Next, the study offers a translation analysis of English surrealist poetry (David Gascoyne) and American postmodern fiction (Thomas Pynchon) in Polish translation, with special emphasis on the literal/figurative distinction and the possibility of transcending this duality.

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A metaphostructional analysis of sports terms in the context of business
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A metaphostructional analysis of sports terms in the context of business

Author(s): Jarosław Wiliński / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In this paper, a quantitative corpus-based analysis of sports terms is conducted. The aim of this analysis is to uncover subtle distributional differences between sports terms occurring in the context of business: in other words, to determine which source domain lexemes derived from sports terminology are strongly attracted to or repelled by the target domain of business. To this end, the corpus-based method, referred to as metaphostructional analysis, is applied and the data are extracted from the magazine section of the Corpus of Contemporary American English. The findings of the analysis show that there are indeed sports terms that are significantly attracted to or repelled by the target domain of business, and that these instantiate various metaphorical correspondences.

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Figurative meanings on the lexical levels of phonic and signed languages: A (nearly) perfect fit
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Figurative meanings on the lexical levels of phonic and signed languages: A (nearly) perfect fit

Author(s): Krzysztof Kosecki / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper assumes the cognitive linguistic perspective and illustrates patterns of similarity in the expression of figurative meanings on the lexical levels of phonic and signed languages. Major types of metaphors, metonymies, and some forms of metaphor-metonymy interaction are present in both these systems of communication. While in phonic languages the source domains of metaphors and the vehicles of metonymies usually operate on the level of words or expressions, their signed counterparts can be traced only to selected articulation parameters of individual signs. In spite of this fundamental structural difference, figurative meanings in the languages of the deaf are as pervasive as in phonic communication.

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On dogs, cows, and donkeys: The use of animal metaphors in linguistic insults
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On dogs, cows, and donkeys: The use of animal metaphors in linguistic insults

Author(s): Łukasz Matusz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article provides a brief contrastive look at animal metaphors (zoosemes) and their application in the language practice of insulting. Animal metaphors constitute a significant theme used in verbal aggression. Also, certain animal categories, such as dog, pig, donkey, and cow, appear to be more universal vectors of dysphemistic qualities than others. Animal metaphors in English reveal strong dysphemistic tendencies, as indicated by a high ratio of dysphemistic zoosemes to animal metaphors in general. Therefore, further research into animal metaphors, alongside investigations concerning verbal aggression, appears to be worthwhile and informative.

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Impoliteness in Polish and English computer-mediated communication
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Impoliteness in Polish and English computer-mediated communication

Author(s): Monika Zięba-Plebankiewicz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper focuses on the issue of impoliteness in computer-mediated communication (CMC). The specific features of CMC that differentiate it from face-to-face communication are believed to promote crude expression of opinions, especially in anonymous discussion boards, regardless of the linguistic background of their users. The theory of impoliteness is presented to provide a theoretical background for the research into the language of discussion boards. The research aims at discovering the impoliteness strategies that are employed by Polish and English users and the frequency with which the identified strategies occur in the selected discourse.

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