СУБ’ЄКТ У ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГІЧНІЙ МОДЕЛІ ПРАВА

Author(s): Inna Igorivna Kovalenko,Eduard Anatoliyovych Kalnytskyi,Olena Losova / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2019

Problem setting. The structure of the legal life phenomenological model, alongside the social experience and legal values, always contains subjective measurements that reflect legal person’s specific features. In particular, the point is in the legal duties, powers and the capability of legal reasoning. Their consideration provides an opportunity to show the integral phenomenological model of law via restored bonds of all its elements, and also enables us to extend the semantic field of social-philosophical aspect of the research through creating theoretical pre-conditions for studying burning issues and specific manifestations of the modern law.Recent research and publications analysis. In phenomenology the person is traditionally recognized as the essential being, while the process of sense generation ensures, inter alia, contextual opportunities to study law. The contemporary experience of the legal person phenomenological understanding may be complemented by the research into the abilities of the legal person as an element of the legal life phenomenological model.Paper aim. This work aims to study the features of the legal person as a structural element of the legal life phenomenological model.Paper results and discussion. The paper shows that the law lifeworld is deeply rooted in social experience. It confirms that owing to the legal person the law lifeworld is constituted and “extended” with interpretations. Its activity as to the given social experience provides grounds to declare the equality of the following modalities: “be the carrier of legal awareness”, “be a legal agent” and “be a recognized and legally protected value”. These theoretical statements enable us to formulate certain social-philosophical issues of legal standing, and outline the ways of their solving. For instance, there is a problem of the symbolic status of a legal entity, found in its relations with the state and citizens; the issue of possible legal person’s recognition as a value in the conditions of his/her minimalized rights and hypertrophy of the legal duties is considered; the nature of a legal conflict and the mechanism of its solution is studied through recognizing the value of various communicative perspectives; it is stated that the differences between the intentional experiences of a legal person and the person with duties are a precondition to form legal nihilism and ignorance.The legal person is also considered in the context of his or her ability to be engaged in the discourse practices, embedded in the mechanisms of interpersonal constitution of senses inherent in the social being. The purpose of the legal discourse in the modern world is defined as a field to identify problems and “tension zones” in the implementation of liberal values and the rule of law. Following the analysis of the approaches to identifying the legal discourse core, its main strategies were discussed: legal discourse is focused on searching and developing socially important topics and sound arguments, confirming positive suggestions for the solving social problems (after J. Habermas); legal discourse implies the use of the power of language to fight against the arbitrary rule, including that of the legitimate power (М. Foucault); the specifics of the legal discourse are in creating linguistic tools and developing the procedures, owing to which legal enforcement is transferred to the speech space (P. Ricoeur).Conclusion. The study showed that the activity of the person who has his or her own legal opinion is in the fact that their generated texts and individual statements are not limited to the formal logical regulations, but are the means of expressing their social experience, the measure of balancing between the person’s claims and his or her social recognition.

Субектната активност в педагогическото взаимодействие – условие за развитие на комуникация, реч и език в предучилищна възраст

Author(s): Delyana Chuhovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2020

The paper presents the results of a study focused on the development of speech in the educational process in kindergarten. The results are interpreted in the context of significant pedagogical and social determinants that determine the integrative connections between communication, speech and language. They are shared as grounds for developing educational-applied models for stimulating the subjective activity through group communication.

Субектът в реда и редът в субекта - „Грижата за себе си“ като грижа за чистото и мръсното

Author(s): Simeon Kyurkchiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 44/1/2015

The first part of this paper addresses the status freedom has in Michel Foucault's philosophical work. For this purpose, I build upon the theoretical work of Gille Deleuze and Felix Guattari. The effort is to understand the relation between the extreme, ecstatic ways of liberation and the particular situation of the subject that “gets free”. The second part of the paper is an attempt to reflect on these theoretical questions through an analysis of specific empirical practices – New Age practices in particular. In order to understand the basic logic of New Age practices, I try to synthesize Foucault's “care of the self”alongside the problems of purity and dirt as symbolic categories in Mary Douglas's theoretical work. This is the main aim of the article – to try to think about the “care of the self” as care for order, care to maintain the symbolic order which takes place at the level of the individual.

Субектът на феминизма: етика, различие и различия

Author(s): Margrit Shildrick / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1995

Starting from a consideration of women's exclusion from full moral and political agency, the paper asks how it might he possible for women to become valorized as subjects in their own right. Subjectivity and agency are predicated in the modern period on the attributes of autonomy and rationality which are systematically denied to women. To be a subject is to characterized in terms of pure, abstract, rational mind, whereas women are historically and persistently Identified with their material and supposedly unruly bodies. The splits of binary difference between mind/body, male/female, subject/object and so on marks an intellectual tradition where knowledge of the world is organised into oppositional pairs in which the terms are not of equal value, but in a hierarchical relation to one another. Rather than attempting to reverse or revalue the hierarchy itself, as previous feminists have done, 1 argue that we should make use of deconstruction to disrupt that relation. Instead of men being the standard against which women are defined in terms of their difference (A and not-A), a poststructuralist approach shows how all such categories are unstable. In place of simple oppositional sameness/difference, which assumes a clarity of boundaries between homogenous categories, the move might be to multiple and plural differences. Women suffer oppression, not as a unified group, but in many diverse ways, and moreover, each of us can occupy not just one but a multiplicity of subject position. The task for feminism is to recognize all the differences, and to reconstitute the ethical to give value to all.

Субкултурата на бегачите на дълги разстояния

Author(s): Boryana Angelova-Igova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

Ultramarathons are very popular among active citizens in Bulgaria, and this popularity cannot be understood as just fashion. I believe that there is a deeper social cause behind this phenomenon, namely the presence of a subculture. The present study aims to describe the significance of this subculture, and how it is functioning in Bulgaria in the XXI century. Of particular interest is the way in which the subculture occurs, the values and worldviews of the participants as well as their class belonging. This subculture is a micromodel in which we can see more clearly social changes and attitudes in the dominant culture. I have paid special attention to gender relations within the group, with the idea of finding out whether it exhibits the same sexist attitudes toward women that are observed in the dominant culture of contemporaryBulgaria.

Субкултурни начини на живот в гр. Пловдив

Author(s): Vihra Barova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This article aims to present the first results of an anthropological fieldwork carried out in 2012 in the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. The investigation studies youth subcultures in times of transition. The main carrier of the subculture nowadays is the generation of those born in the late 80's and early 90's. This generation builds its identity in the years of political and economic transition and faces problems that are unknown to the previous generations. The main research interest is focused on the stylistic orientations, ideologies, norms of behavior, and political beliefs of the post-transitional generation.

СУБЛИМИНАЛНА ПРОПАГАНДА

Author(s): Slađana Starčević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 02/2006

From the time the term "subliminal advertising" appeared for the first time, it hasn't stopped to occupy the attention of theoreticians as well as practitioners. It's true that the researches have been changing their direction during the years, that there have been existed the periods of a great noise as well as some calm periods, that some theories have been set out as well as refuted at the same time. It has been going on for more than four decades, but that question hasn't been definitely answered yet. This paper summarizes the results of psychological researches in connection with the subliminal perception, primarily in the context of economy advertising. Although the announcement that the advertisers may manipulate our behavior by embedding the hidden massages, has caused a great panic among people, so far there has been made a conclusion that conscious thinking organizes and leads the major aspects of our behavior, even its subconscious aspects. It is considered that subliminal stimuli are weak and temporary and although their influence on some aspects of behavior has been identified, their influence in the context of advertising, the brand choice among alternatives and consumption in general, hasn't been proved yet.

Суборгация - встъпване в правата на удовлетворения кредитор

Author(s): Nikolay Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2008

Subrogation is a legal-technical term considered on the basis of the theorists in the field of bond law, together with the institutes of performance of a bond obligation. Content that is embedded in the term is the assignment of the rights of the satisfied creditor by a third party.

Сугестопедия: как да разкрием резерви в процеса на чуждоезиковото обучение

Author(s): Galya Mateva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

In a previous publication we discussed the basic concepts and principles of suggestopedia from the point of view of a holistic approach to personality and the process of foreign language teaching and learning. The present article enriches the theoretical review by adding the three fundamental pillars formulated by Lozanov, namely love, freedom and prestige, and by interpreting them in a linguistic-pedagogical context. It also introduces the three groups of methods used in suggestopedia and the way they are closely related to the main principles. The interrelation of methods and principles results in the accelerated development of communicatively oriented language knowledge and skills which are manifested in the “suggestopedic reserve complex”. Finally, the article discusses how the specific communicative and linguistic reserves in suggestopedia are complemented by the revealed psychological, psychological-physiological and social potential of learners which guarantees the unity of learning and personality development.

Сугестопедия: основни понятия и принципи в светлината на обучението по чужд език

Author(s): Galya Mateva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The current article makes a first attempt to introduce a more detailed presentation of the classical suggestopedia as developed by prof. Lozanov and collaborators from the point of view of foreign language teaching. It deals with basic concepts like suggestion-desuggestion, antisuggestive barriers and means of suggestion. It also focuses on the analysis of the basic principles of suggestopedia and their interpretation in the context of language education. The suggestopedic concepts under review are related to important terms such as language acquisition and language learning, active and passive, text-based and discreet item-based language learning. Finally, the article discusses the Bulgarian contribution of suggestopedia as a holistic method to foreign language teaching and personality development.

СУДИРИ: НАСТАНУВАЊЕ, ТЕК, ИСХОДИ

Author(s): Tünde Kovacs-Cerović / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 09/1995

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СУДЬБЫ БЫВШИХ

Author(s): Aleksandr Evgenievich Levintov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3-4/2016

В отечественных учебниках географии принято ограничиваться такими градообразующими факторами, как промышленность, транспорт, торговля, курортные ресурсы, оборона, высшее (уни- верситетское) образование и наука, культурные и духовные ценности. В известной степени это действительно так, однако, по моему мнению, важнейшим фактором является административный. Россия никогда не была страной в строгом смысле этого понятия. Рос- сия — это государство. А потому административный, чиновничий, властный фактор во все времена был определяющим. Статус города во многом определяет и его судьбу, и людность, и благоустрой- ство, и размеры хинтерланда, и насыщенность социокультурной инфраструктуры, и архитектур- ный облик.

Суицидна идеация в юношеска възраст: ефекти на взаимоотношенията с родителите, връстниците, самооценка, депресия и безнадеждност

Author(s): Plamen Kalchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2011

A 3-items scale is constructed for the assessment of suicide ideation: presence of suicide thoughts, control over them, and tentatively reported suicide intention. The Suicide Ideation Scale is a part of the Adolescent Subjective Well-being and Relationships Scale (ASWRS, Kalchev, 2010, in print) and is used together with high school students’ version (8th-11th graders). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies – Depression Scale (Radloff, 1977), The Beck Depression Inventory (Beck et al., 1961; Balev, 1994), and The Beck Hopelessness Scale (Beck et al., 1974) are used to study 604 students (208 males, 391 females and missing), too. Data analysis is based on correlations and structural (regression) models; depression and hopelessness are mediator variables in the latter case which transfer other factors’ effects to the suicide ideation. The model explains a substantial part (38%) of suicide variance; the troubled relationship with patents has both direct and indirect effects, while self-esteem, peer acceptance and problems have only indirect effects (by mediators). The capacity of depression and hopelessness to predict suicide ideation is assessed by the area under the ROC curves and the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values data. In agreement with the nonclinical adolescent sample results depression scales (Depressive mood from ASWRS and CES-D) are better predictors of suicide ideation than hopelessness. The profile of high-school students with different levels of suicide ideation is discussed; it suggests that the components of subjective well-and the troubled relationships with parents are better predictors of ideation level than peer relationships (peer acceptance and peer problems).

Сукоб интереса

Author(s): Predrag Dimitrijević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Conflict of interest (incompatibility) is a complex social phenomenon that can manifest itself in different forms. Conflict of interest presupposes the existence of different interests that are conflicting. Realization of a conflict of interest leads to frustration and a miscarriage of another, opposite interest. Conflict of interest in one position or function means that you benefit because you are on second function or position, and vice versa: that second function gives you benefits for first function. Thus, the interests or benefits of individuals, civil servants or officials are evident due to the fact that such persons are in a position that allows them to benefit from them. Here we have two public interests in conflict. However, the legislator speaks of a conflict of interest only in the context of public and private interests. In this sense realization of private interest can endanger and frustrate realization of public interest. However, different interests can conflict: public and private (financial, family, personal, and strangers, etc.) and two public interests between themselves.There are various categorizations of conflicts of interest. There is real and apparent conflict of interest, in which case there is no real conflict; then a current and future conflict of interest that is threatening or potential conflict, which can develop into an existing, ongoing one. Therefore, in order to prevent a conflict civil servant is obliged, from the moment he is appointed to a post, to disclose all information about his financial position, as well as information on activities and functions of members of his or hers family members. Also, there are categories of direct and indirect conflicts of interest.In state legal systems there are legislation and institutions in the form of so-called, independent bodies (Anti-corruption Agency, etc...), responsible for monitoring, identifying and sanctioning an appearance of potential and actual conflicts of interest. The law regulates their competences and procedure in the treatment of specific legal (administrative) issues, as well as the mechanisms of legal protection against their decisions. In this case, it is final judicial protection against acts of individual agencies, so called, administrative proceedings (judicial review of administrative acts) and even a constitutional dispute. Intention of these court procedures is to protect their independence, which can be seriously endangered by political influence in the legislative and executive powers.

Сукоб култура као погрешна премиса за превазилажење дужничке кризе у еврозони

Author(s): Ognjen Radonjić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 01/2014

This paper discusses the causes of and ways to overcome the current debt crisis in the eurozone. Although we agree with the German view that the causes of the crisis could be, to a great extent,explained on the basis of cultural differences, we also believe that using cultural conflict asa starting premise for the prescription of remedies for overcoming the crisis is erroneous. It is clear that in the long run the deficitary eurozone economies will have to undertake painful reforms if they intend to persevere. However, this paper argues that in the short run the only way to overcome the crisis is to abandon austerity measuresimposed to deficitary countries on the one hand, and increase the consumption of eurozone surplus economies on the other hand. Only when stability is restored again will there emerge conditions for deficitary countries to make a sharp turn in their economic development strategy – they will have to work hard and significantly increase savings and decrease consumption. If the surplus economies do not forgo the imposed austerity measures in the midst of the crisis, extremist entiments and organizations will flourish, thereby making the future of the eurozone highly uncertain.

Сулейманова О. А. Мигранты и вещи: опыт переезда и материально-бытовая адаптация городских семей Кольского Севера. М.: Наука, 2021. 191 с.

Author(s): Ksenia S. Kazakova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8/2021

СУОЧАВАЊЕ С ПОЈАВАМА НАСИЉА У ДРУШТВУ И МЕЂУ ШКОЛСКОМ ДЕЦОМ

Author(s): Petar Đ. Rajčević / Language(s): Bosnian,Serbian Issue: 3/2018

Phenomena of violence have been present, to a more or less extent, in all the periods of times and the places people live in. Development of civilization and reaching existential welfare did not help eradicating violent types of behavior of some individuals or groups within the society. On the contrary, they have been manifested in the cruelest forms, not only in the wartime, but also in the periods of peace. Violence presents undesirable use of force which brings harm not only to the others but also to one own self and the milieu. It endangers health and effects proper development of innocent children as well as other victims. Also, it leaves deep psychological traumas. It has been tried to make effects on this unacceptable phenomenon by introduction of strict laws or educational projects. School, together with parents, religious communities, humanitarian organizations and other social factors is interested in stopping the violence by undertaking numerous activities aiming all its efforts and work to give its contribution to suppression of violence. To that end, it follows, studies and prevents this phenomenon.

Супервизията в социалнопедагогическата работа на специалисти с деца и ученици

Author(s): Yana Staneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2022

The connection between the theoretical and practical application of supervision by specialists in the “Child Protection Department”and specifically the socio-pedagogical work with children and students at risk is the main task of this article. The activities of the employees in the “Child Protection Department” according to country scientists, and the connection in the meetings with supervisors in the empirical study was traced. After a brief review of scientific studies of our authors, theoretical criteria for its application are derived. The empirical study is presented through a content analysis of 100 reports from four supervisors with specialists from “Child Protection Departments” in the period January 2019 until December 2020. Four basic characteristics of the applied supervision are derived from the analysis: therapeutic process; case support process, top view, guidance and recommendations, advice on case work; training process, giving methodological explanations about normative and sub-normative documents and a place for team interaction.

СУПСТИТУТИ СВЕТОГ ДРВЕТА У КУЋИ У ТРАДИЦИОНАЛНОЈ КУЛТУРИ БАЛКАНА

Author(s): Dejan Krstić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 19/2021

Traditional Balkan culture is defined by enormous diversity and archaic components in religious practices. One of its aspects is worshipping a tree as a cult object. In open spaces, most obvious examples are: 1. holy votive trees, so called zapisi or obroci which are dedicated to the feasts of smaller and larger social communities, 2. trees planted at graves (beside other grave marks) and 3. using of fruitful trees from a family house’s yard or wider surroundings in various customs. However, sometimes, in various occasions, instead of holy trees substitutes are used: parts of trees and wooden objects that symbolize trees, which have their roles in various rituals. This paper deals with substitutes of holy trees that are either brought into the house occasionally or they are constantly present in the house making the space sacred to some extent. Sometimes this is not obvious, but it becomes clear in custom or ritual context. The substitutes include 1. Christmas badnjak tree and its parts, 2. a small New Years (Christmas) tree branch, 3. a ceiling wooden beam 4. entrance door and its parts 5. the icon of a family patron saint 6. paskurnik – a stamp used for decorating of ritual breads 7. a small wedding day tree branch. Their presence in the house brings about a co-existence of humans and a deity embodied in a holy tree. Using ethnographic material and comparing to mythological elements in world religions, this paper shows that the core of religious worshiping of holy trees and their substitutes in the Balkan is a religious idea of the Father almighty, a supreme solar deity’s presence in the tree.

Сурогатното майчинство – предизвикателство към законодателството на Република България

Author(s): Lidiya Peneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2020

Surrogate motherhood is a modern socio-economic phenomenon that needs legal regulation in the Republic of Bulgaria. This article presents the generally accepted view of it and the differentiated types of surrogacy. With the comparative method, the legislative approach to it was analysed in the countries of the European legal family and beyond. Finally, is presented position in the Republic of Bulgaria.