"Предимствата на изостаналия" — началото на Балканската модернизация

Author(s): Diana Mishkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 2/1995

The major purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the identity of the processes of modernisation, state-building and nation-building in the Balkans in contrast to their treatment in opposition by many historians and political scientists. Two interpretive views of the Balkans have been challenged: the first characterizes patterns of social and political development in terms of an East-West dichotomy; the second maintains a negative perspective on the political modernization of the newly established Balkan stales, the operation of Balkan politics and Balkan nationalism in particular. The author focuses first on the social background and goals of the Balkan political elites, then on the long-term effects of parliamentary institutions in the late-industrializing Balkan societies, and finally on the state-building and nation-building experiences in the Balkans as compared to those in contemporary Western Europe. The arguments pursued on the basis of this analysis concern the “advantages of backwardness" in the political and social realms and the precedence of political over economic modernization in the case of young nation-states.

"Противоречията на наследството": механизми на (не)наследяване и дискурсивни практики

Author(s): Stoika Penkova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: Special/2011

The article presents a possible approach to the analysis of the situation of accepting/transmitting inheritance (in the widest sense) among a migrant group – the one of Bulgarian emigrants to Turkey – and an attempt is made to make explicit its practical logic. To trace the actual ‘sociogenesis’ of the process of inheriting, there must be a double process in its conceptualization: 1) on the one hand, conceptualization of ‘the constitutive dispositions of the habitus’ that are able to generate not only correct actions and practices but also disappointments, tensions, conflict and contradictions, psychological traumas and repressed intentions; 2) on the other hand, conceptualization of the way in which the social order becomes imprinted in the bodies as it ‘collects, channels, reinforces or counteracts psychological processes’. Thus the conceptualization of the process in which, through the figure of ‘inheritance’ social positions and biographic trajectories are ‘eternalized’ in practice, comes out linked to the question how the ‘ontological complicity’ between biographical and social illusio happens when it is possible (as in the case of ‘Bulgarian emigrants’) that their formation is the result of different social conditions. Finally, taking advantage of the specific manner of ‘praxeological understanding’ that permits simultaneously to retain the many points of view and layers in what the respondent ‘testifies’, the article proposes a conception of the contradictoriness itself of the studied agents as heirs. For this purpose, the analysis first dwells on the theoretic justification of the diverse modalities of ‘inheriting’ and then on their empirical verification by the study of specific ‘cases’ that are representative of the studied group.

"Секуларизацията" като категория на модерното историческо съзнание

Author(s): Hristo Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/1996

Philosophy of history and sociology are defined as results of the historical development of the modernity and as specific forms of modernity's selfreflexion."Secularization" is dealt with as a consept belonging both to the philosophy of history and to sociology. The close interrelation between the usages of "secularization" in these two fields is examined. "Secularization" is terminologically and conceptually clarified against the background of the discussion between K.Lowith and H. Blumenberg on the origin of the philosophy of history. Some empirical developments within modern history are described. These processes which resulted in abolishing and restricting the influence of the Church and religion on important areas of public life i. e. in their "secularization") — are viewed as preconitiones for the emergence of the concept of "secularization" itself. The interdependence between the philosophical and sociological usages of "secularization" is ultimately grounded in "historicity" The latter is one of the basic concepts of modern historical consciousness and is also a fundamental principle (ratio essendi) of modern social reality.

"Стъклени перли" в социалната ситуация

Author(s): Chavdar Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3/1992

"Театър на мисълта". Антоанета Колева разговаря със Снежанка Михайлова-Кански (София-Амстердам)

Author(s): Antoaneta Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: Special/2011

"Това е истина, дето ти говоря!" Житейските разкази между историята и паметта

Author(s): Daniela Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3+4/1998

The paper aims at mapping out the place of life stories between the poles of history and memory as defined by M. Halbwachs, J. Le Goff, P. Nora, T. Todorov. Examples are given of the authenticity, subjectivity and commitedness of life stories, which bring them closer to the pole of memory. At the same time, a number of cases of referring to "external authorities", generalization, distancing and relativization of the past point to the rationality of history. The fusion of memory and history in life stories suggests a possible redefinition of the relation between them based on a reappraisal of oral history.

"Училищна хигиена" в България от началото на ХХ век: културни образи, институционални роли и практики.

Author(s): Gergana Mircheva / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 3-4/2007

At the beginning of 20th century the institutional figure of the so called „teacher-physician“ was introduced in the Bulgarian secondary schools. He was commissioned with health-sanitary, medico-pedagogical and administrative tasks. Their institutional hybrid, as well as the activities of the general civil sanitary authorities regarding primary schools, was often labelled as „school hygiene“ in official and specialised texts. The article deals with certain forms of school hygiene, particularly those built upon its sanitary layer and represented through claims of medical knowledge to develop expert power over student’s health and function as a preventive technology of „social hygiene“ with certain biopolitical effects. It studied to what extent, why and how certain cultural images of social and moral (dis)order circulated within the school institutional milieu as medicalised metaphors of bodily and mental, individual and collective (non-)health. It is argued that under the framework of Bulgarian institutionalisation at that time the school doctor’s role mediated between the rhetorical structures of the medical discourse, on the one hand, and their usages on behalf of the state for the construction of a sound „social organism“, on the other. School hygiene itself was inscribed into the project for reconstruction and restoration to health of the collective „people’s organism“ through surveillance and prevention of the „school people“. A conclusion is made that in the period under review some capital of the nation-minded rhetoric was accumulated and legitimated through biomedical norms as well. By reason of certain institutional deficits, however, it reminded to a great extent latent in stead of being articulated in mass practices of „biopower“ (M. Foucault).

#ForgiveUsForWeHaveSinned:

Conceptual integration theory and political Internet humour

Author(s): Nihada Delibegović Džanić,Sanja Berberović / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

The aim of the paper is to uncover the extent to which different forms of political Internet humour can criticise current political affairs in a developing democracy such as Bosnia and Herzegovina. Specifically, applying a cognitive linguistic theory of meaning construction, namely conceptual integration theory, the paper analyses the construction of meaning of humorous Internet forms, such as memes, demotivational posters, hashtag posts, and memetic photographs, representing innovative ways of providing political commentaries on current political affairs. The meaning of political humour is constructed in conceptual blending as a basic cognitive mechanism. As it is claimed (Coulson & Pascual 2006, Coulson & Oakley 2006, Coulson 2006, Oakley & Coulson 2008) that blending can be used as a rhetorical tool influencing the audience to change the reality and even act upon it, the analysis of the construction of meaning of political humour as products of conceptual integration can reveal hidden ideologies in political discourse.

#Hashtag: How Selected Texts of Popular Culture Engaged With Sexual Assault In the Context of the Me Too Movement in 2019

Author(s): Anna Oleszczuk / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The paper seeks to explore recent shifts within the popular culture with regard to oppression involving gender, class, race, and ethnicity that can be traced back to the #MeToo movement which was revived as a social media hashtag in October 2017 and has since spread all over the world. The paper starts with a brief overview of Western popular culture that “has recently been seen as a champion for feminism . . . with many high-profile female musicians and actresses visibly promoting the movement in their work” (Woodacre 2018, 21). Next, the paper discusses the origins of the Me Too Movement and the way it approaches the meaning of gendered oppressions as well as individualized and collective experiences of survivors of sexual abuse. This is later explored in the examination of the impact of the hashtag-led movement on three works of popular culture: Amazon’s TV series Lorena (2019), Nancy Schwartzman’s documentary Roll Red Roll (2019), and We Believe: the Best Men Can Be (2019) advertisement by Gillette. The entire case study is informed primarily by feminist theory understood as inseparable from feminist activism, following bell hooks’ Feminist theory from margin to center (1984).

#METOO IN POLISH THEATRE EDUCATION

Author(s): Monika Kwaśniewska-Mikuła / Language(s): English / Issue: 03/2020

This article discusses the #metoo movement in the Polish theatre. The author, referring to the thesis by Agnès Grossmann, notes that just like in the cinema, in which #metoo was initiated, the theatre reproduces images of women subjected to the male gaze. She then looks at how this problem of representation translates into the working conditions of women in the theatre. The paper presents the current state of research and actions regarding violence (including sexual violence) in theatres around the world. Applying these considerations to Poland, the author writes how this problem resonates with the situation of women in Poland. In the context of the theatre, the location of substantive and practical preparation for #metoo were theatre schools. Surveying events in the two most important and prestigious centres of theatre education, the author first makes a diagnosis of existing problems and then examines the process of combating them through the prism of Sarah Ahmed's concept of “walls” and the affective theory of paranoia and reparation according to Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick

#stayhomefree

Author(s): Jelisaveta Blagojević / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

(Nie)konieczne zmiany w pedagogice specjalnej

Author(s): Grażyna Dryżałowska / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2013

The article is a reflection on the necessary and non-necessary changes in special education: changes due to a changing entity interactions inside and outside special education, and other contexts of life of people with disabilities. In postmodernity, the responsibility for their own fate was handed to individuals and the old mechanisms of social integration and allocation declined in importance. It is new challenges for special education in its theoretical, empirical and practical areas that force you to reflect on the promotion of the development and functioning of individuals with disabilities in the new social reality.

(Nie)przygotowani. Metafora szkoły w polskiej poezji współczesnej

Author(s): Kamila Czaja / Language(s): Polish / Publication Year: 2018

The dissertation focuses on the – underrepresented in the state of research – subject of metaphor of school in the contemporary Polish poetry. The inspirations drawn from the works on the subject of the cognitive metaphor (Lakoff and Johnson) and the development of this theory on the poetic matter (Lakoff and Turner), from the papers written in the field of anthropology of education, from the partial analyses of the works by poets using the school scenes and terminology and, at last, from philosophical, psychological, pedagogical and sociological studies on mutual connections between education and non-school world allow to see the multifaceted application of the large metaphor LIFE IS A SCHOOL in the poetry. To show this large-scale subject (both in the aspect of the time-frame and poetic diction or genre) in a systematic way, the thesis consists of two parts, which are the result of two complementary approaches. The first part of the dissertation, Stages, is dedicated to the metaphor of school existing in the Polish poetry of two different periods – the years 1945–1989 (the escape from politics into the universal metaphors of school versus the use of school language as the way to beat the Polish People’s Republic system at its own game) and the new Polish poetry (the last works by the Old Masters, the transformation of the anti-system poetry after 1989, the poems forerunningthe latest poetic strategy, the anti-school statements by the authors who emerged after 1989 and their inclination to use the metaphor of school). This chronological conceptualization of the subject allows to present the intergenerational similarities and differences in including the school scenes, characters, objects and terms in the poetry, but at the same time it shows that the metaphor of school is formed partly under the influence of external (historical, political, social) factors, so this figure can be used not only as the universal large metaphor, but also as the instrument of verbalization of the experiences and changes associated with the specific events.The second part of the thesis, Topics, serves as the examination of those elements of school reality that build the metaphors connected with education. The school accessories, the educational institutions and stages, the teachers and the students, the timetable (lessons, tutoring, truancy, summer breaks), as well as the methods of evaluation of the educational performance appear in the contemporary Polish poetry in various forms and turn out to be the way to verbalize a wide range of existential experiences.The timelessness of school as the large metaphor of life and the specific strategies of metaphorization that change with time both contribute to versatility of this kind of poetic practices – the practices that are able to express different aspects of life metaphorically by the means connected with school. Love and death, past, present and future, self-recognition and the knowledge of the Other become more accessible and understandable when they are presented as the elements of “education” – even if the findings drawn from those “lessons”on the human condition can be really disheartening.

(Nie)udany projekt. Vidkun Quisling i paradoks norweskiego faszyzmu lat 30. i 40.

Author(s): Paweł Sobczak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 2/2018

The article discusses the history of the Nasjonal Samling party (founded in 1933) andits leader Vidkun Quisling – a military, politician and prime minister of the collaborativegovernment of occupied Norway in 1942–1945. Currently, Norwegian fascism of the 1930sand 1940s does not serve as a popular exemplification of fascist ideology, although unlikemany other European movements of this type, it managed to gain power in its own country.However, this happened only after Quisling entered into an alliance with Germany and theThird Reich attacked Norway. The history of Quisling and his party seems to prove thebankruptcy of his ideas, which never gained popularity in Norwegian society.

,,SCENOGRAFIA” DISCURSULUI DIDACTIC APARŢINÂND MANUALULUI

Author(s): Laura-Irina Gavriliu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 32/2014

The terms belonging to theatre have been permanently transferred and adapted to various epistemic spaces, in the pursuit of organizing a coherent explanation pattern, the “script” being the “the speaking stage that the discourse involves in order to be produced and that, in exchange, needs to confirm through its utterance” . “The communication discourse” promotes understanding based on inferential reasoning, structured by the fundamental principles of conscious learning whose results will configure the identity of the cognitive structure of the teachable subject. This primary understanding, pertaining to the logical significance, will be a condition for further acceptance of an interpretation course, based on heuristic processes, on the consistent character of learning, reflected within the relationship with the incorporated information belonging to the student’s knowledge. The passage from potential to achievement is dependent on the intention and desire of the sender who has to translate an interior need. As part of the teaching discourse, “the creative discourse” is the practice context of the student’s creative potential, tributary to the development of the “lecture competence” with reference to Romanian as a school subject, aiming at the conscious approval of the interpretation process. This can be described in terms of labor concerning the creation process, the literature context facilitates the relationship between the education subject and various “paratope” belonging to Romanian and universal literature, through which the reaction to the symbolic valences of the literary works can be obvious. The identification process between the reader and the creation substantiated through a “school trial” should start from the re-enactment of the author’s labor process, through a participative activity associated to the questioning labor, organized according to the textbook score. It has to provide the student an understanding and interpretation pattern in order to guarantee a “successful” reading, that should harmonize various interpretation strategies.

11th National Methodological Conference of Media Experts “Virtual: Words, Societies, Identities”

Author(s): Marlena Sztyber,Katarzyna Piórecka / Language(s): English / Issue: 28/2021

Conference report: 11th National Methodological Conference of Media Experts “Virtual: Words, Societies, Identities”

13 Forum Wychowania Przedszkolnego Wieliczka, 12–20 kwietnia 2018 r.

Author(s): Karolina Rozner / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 11/2018

20 Years after The Lustration of Lech Wałęsa

Author(s): Henryk Składanowski / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

This study aims to determine whether the decision of the V Lustration Department of the Court of Appeal in Warsaw issued in 2000, that Lech Wałęsa was not a secret collaborate of the former Security Service of the Polish People’s Republic (PPR), was a correct one. Marek Aft yka’s “briefi ng memo” and Proceedings of Regional Court in Gdańsk I Civil Department in 2010 in a case brought by Lech Wałęsa against Krzysztof Wyszkowski were researched in this article.It is stated that individual decisions of judges in 2000 were wrong in this case, which was confi rmed on February 16, 2016 by fi nding the personal and working fi les of the secret collaborate codename “Bolek”. Analysis of the sources demonstrated that Wałęsa he did not consider the cooperation with the prosecution and security institutions, as well as with the state of real socialism as something wrong. At the same time, former Polish president, as a well-trained agent, will never admit to the cooperation.

200 години от рождението на Георги Стойков Раковски (1821 – 1867)

Author(s): Adriana Spasova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 42/2021

2008–2018: Válság és hegemónia Magyarországon

Author(s): Márk Áron Éber,Ágnes Gagyi,Tamás Gerőcs,Csaba Jelinek / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 26/2019

In this introductory article to the special issue, we join debates on the nature of the current Hungarian regime from a perspective that understands local processes in terms of their integration into the development of global capitalism. We see the present Hungarian regime as a local, temporary hegemony that developed in the context of the long downturn of the postwar global economic cycle, and particularly in the phase of the crisis that followed 2008. This local hegemony is characterized by a temporary, but successful compromise between the requirements of external integration and the capitalization of a new local oligarchy. As the conditions of internal and external accumulation in the context of the crisis can only be secured through increasing pressure on labour and the conditions of its reproduction, this regime is also characterized by the tools it employs to create and control the social conditions necessary for its functioning. The article discusses the structures of internal end external accumulation that provide the political economic base of the regime together with the social changes and tensions they produce. We identify four aspects of the regime’s policies which serve to create the conditions of accumulation and control the tensions arousing from the accumulation process: (1) measures that maintain macrostability (the stability of external integration); (2) measures that serve to capitalize the national oligarchy, (3) measures to strengthen and integrate the middle class into the regime’s structures; and (4) measures to control dominated classes. In terms of the main contradictions or tensions produced by the regime’s functioning we stress its dependence on external growth, and a growing crisis of social reproduction.