Етнопредприемачество и медии (Представянето на руски реалии в руски общностни медии у нас)

Author(s): Tanya Matanova,Vladimir Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2019

Ethno-entrepreneurship is a characteristic mechanism for declaration of ethnic and cultural identity and a specific resource for the safeguarding of cultural heritage. The present text is an attempt to reveal how the Russian ethno-entrepreneurship is emblematized as an ethnic entity in the social environment in Bulgaria due to its media positioning. Here one should take into consideration that the representatives of this characteristic social category are naturally a part of the Russian community in Bulgaria and have to be analyzed within its parameters of being.

The impact of using electronic payment methods on transparency and disclosure:

Author(s): Aridah Mamoun Walid,Ramadhan SHERZAD / Language(s): English Issue: 02/2020

In the last 10 years ago the world has fast changed especially after information and communication technologies (ICT) revolution which affect all areas one of them is electronic payment systems.One of the principles of corporate governance is transparency and disclosure which requires the provision of an infrastructure of supporting laws, policies and legislation to have High-quality information that helps investors, stakeholders, the Board of Directors and the Executive Management in making decisions at the right time.This paper aims to identify the nature and types of electronic payment systems (EPS) instruments applicable in Jordan, and how its effect on corporate governance especially on transparency and disclosure, and the challenges associated with it, by study the relation between the application of electronic payment procedures and corporate governance.Jordan has a good development in the fields of commercial banking and now begin to apply electronic payment systems in government transactions. there are many studies have been done on the advantages of electronic payment independently of corporate governance and without addressing its effects on enhancing governance through transparency and disclosure and the impact on financial reports for companies and government, and In developing and expand the base of beneficiaries.Jordan is a regional center in the Middle East and has many telecommunications companies, information systems, and telecommunications services that have reached advanced levels, but still, a large percentage of citizens do not use these services yet, but in 2020 all governmental services will be paid by electronic payment systems.Through this paper and reviewing previous studies, we have reached the following points1. Many citizens are still concerned about their financial assets and are unsure about the security of their financial information2. The media plays a negative role through messages that are transmitted through official and non-official media3. There is still a need for more educational programs and seminars on the mechanisms of using electronic payment methods and their advantages4. Continuing and expanding the use of electronic payments will be directly reflected in the provision of greater transparency and disclosure that will enhance corporate governance.

Финансова грамотност и финансово поведение на българските студенти

Author(s): Krasimir Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

Participation of individuals in the economic and social life also depends on their ability to understand the basic financial concepts. Knowledge and skills in managing personal finances are becoming increasingly important under the influence of many trends, with the problem of young people's financial literacy being particularly relevant. The article presents the results of an empirical study of the financial literacy of Bulgarian students. The study's findings reveal the impact of several variables, such as gender, income, specialty, educational level, etc., on the level of financial literacy of students, as well as the impact of financial literacy on students' financial behavior, manifested through decisions on budget availability and control, on the availability of an emergency amount, on actions in case of income reduction, on retirement savings, etc.

Sytuacja osób długotrwale bezrobotnych w pow. sulęcińskim

Author(s): Beata Bieszk-Stolorz,Anna Gdakowicz,Iwona Markowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03/2013

The aim of the article is to present results of a survey of long-term unemployed people in the Sulęcin powiat. The analysis refers to the family, financial, situation of respondents, their activities of daily living, qualifications, activities aimed at professional activation and their relation to activities undertaken by employment offices. In years 2012–2014 the Local Labour Office in Sulęcin has been executor of an innovative project in collaboration with a German company. The authors of this paper took part in this project, realizing stage Analysis and diagnosis of the problem of long-term unemployment in the Sulęcin powiat.

КЪМ ЧИТАТЕЛЯ

Author(s): Ivan Roussev / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Посредници и пазарни микроструктури в търговията с черноморско зърно. Предварителни наблюдения от Варна (средата на XIX – началото на XX в.)

Author(s): Andreas Lyberatos / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The paper explores the role of intermediaries and market microstructures in Black Sea Grain Trade through the example of the case of Varna and the wider region of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. It focuses particularly on the transition from the late Ottoman, largely unregulated, regional grain markets to the period of autonomous Bulgaria (1878-1908), when international and domestic, economic and social pressures invited the Bulgarian authorities to intervene in local economies and try to regulate the grain markets and the sales of grain from the hinterland to the port-cities. The case of Varna shows that these efforts for institutional change corresponded to – and were largely provoked in the framework of – struggles for control of the processes of agricultural surplus extraction in the hinterland of the port outlets, struggles, which had a discernible ethnic dimension.

Социологически профил на българските текстилни фабриканти, 1834–1912 г.

Author(s): Martin Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

Drawing from a large number of sources I have been able to identify 196 industrialists with relatively complete biographical data. The following bioindicators have been collected: the years (and, when possible, the dates) of birth and death, family origin (father's profession and assessment of his property), education, position in the factory, previous or parallel economic activity, participation in the revolutionary movement (in including IMRO), membership in cultural, educational or professional organizations, party membership, high administrative positions and family ties. The generalized factory sociology is presented in tabular and narrative form and along with the general picture a focus is given on the first founding fathers from the classical Grunder period between 1880 and 1899.

Стопанска характеристика и развитие на пазарните отношения в Севлиево (Серви/Селви) и в каза Хоталич през XVI–XVII в. (по данни на османски регистри от периода)

Author(s): Krasimira Mutafova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

On the basis of partially published Ottoman register material from the 16th and 17th centuries and the published legislative acts of the Ottoman sultans – canuns and canunnames (laws and legislations), and etc., regulating the system of market duties and taxes in the Ottoman Empire, the author makes an attempt tooutline the economic characteristics of the settlements – a total of 43 – from the nahi / kaza of Hotalich and the formation of market relations within its scope. The diverse and compact information contained in the selected for the purposes of the study mufassal (detailed, nominal) defters from 1516–1517, 1541–1545, 1613–1614 and 1642–1646 allows us to follow: the establishment of Servi/Selvi as the administrative center of the nahi/kaza Hotalich; to look for indications of its urban status; the formation of a separate market, as indicated by the inscribed market bac by Servi itself (bac-i bazar nefs-i Servi), and its transformation into a market center for the region. It is the commercial bac fee, which as a rule accompanies every transaction on the local city market (except for the purchase and sale of real estate – vineyards, gardens, mills, houses, shops) and is an important part of the system of market duties and taxes is a definite indicator of market activity in the studied settlements. Although it is difficult to reconstruct the picture of the city market only on the basis of the records in the mufassal defteris, which register only the volume of this activity, the applied deductive, conditionally speaking, and inductive method to the entered taxes and fees, reveal not only the whole set of cultivated crops and specific livelihoods of the population, but also provide an opportunity to highlight those industries in the general production characteristics of the settlements of the nahi Hotalich, oriented to the market.

Между двата центъра на властта – Търново и Цариград. Историята на една делегация от 50-те години на XIX в.

Author(s): Stanimir Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

In the 1840s and 1850s, a conflict broke out in the Tarnovo region between two warring parties. One was supporting the Metropolitan of Tarnovo, and the other – his opponent. Of course, this case cannot be separated from the main processes taking place in the Ottoman Empire. The Tanzimat reforms are considered to remain only on paper, but they gave a new spirit among the Bulgarian population in search of their identity against the old and difficult to reform Orthodox Church with the center of Constantinople. The appearance of rich and influential Bulgarians such as Hadzhi Mincho Hadzhi Tsachev and his interests affected by the Metropolitan of Tarnovo Neofit are the basis of our article. Each of the two warring parties sought support not only from the local population, but also from government and church circles. A supporter of Metropolitan Neofit in Constantinople is Nikomidias, a person who has not been the subject of research. The representative of supreme Ottoman government in the person of Stefan Bogoridi also turned out to be a supporter of Neofit. Letters from the fund of Georgi Popsimenov (National Library – Sofia), a vekil of Tarnovska Kaza, who represented a delegation in defense of the Tarnovo Metropolitan Neophyte and their wandering in the labyrinth of bureaucratic Constantinople, are studied.

Социално-икономическо развитие на Карловска околия след Освобождението

Author(s): Aleksandar Zlatanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

For the most part of the 19th century Karlovo region experienced a sharp rise in its socio-economic and demographic spheres, to end the century, after the Liberation in 1878, with a significant decline in its economic potential, and hence the demographic situation of the region. In the first half of the 19th century, the sub-Balkan settlements, led by the regional capital Karlovo, formed a popular center of proto-industrial development of the textile industry in the European part of the Ottoman Empire through a number of crafts, but mostly through braiding. For example, in the third quarter of the 19th century, there were about 2,000 braid machines in Karlovo, producing more than 339,730 kg of braid per year. Together with the neighboring villages of Sopot and Kalofer, where approx. 1700 additional braiding machines were located, the region occupied the leading position in the production of braid products in the Ottoman Empire during the 1860s and 1870s. The end of the Russo-Turkish Liberation War found the region of Karlovo in a difficult socio-economic situation. The war and the atrocities of the bashibozouks resulted in destruction and mass emigration in the main craft centers of Karlovo, Kalofer, and Sopot. The new socio-economic and geopolitical reality offered a brand new way of production and marketing of products in completely new markets, where the ordinary Bulgarian craftsman and trader had to compete with the experienced competitors and industrialists from Central and Western Europe. The newly introduced tariffs significantly increased the product’s export price, and thus the urban population in Rumelia gradually began preferring cheaper imported goods and raw materials. As a result, the main livelihood of sub-Balkan urban town centers remained the declining crafts, most notably braid production, but the local and the central government failed to help and slow the economic collapse. The other significant subsistence industry in those towns was the rose gardens and rose production, which was also widespread in the region. Apart from the few towns, the rest of over 40 villages in the region subsisted mainly on agriculture, horticulture, and cattle breeding in the years after the Liberation. In conclusion, it could be said that the transition from proto-industrial to factory production proved unsuccessful in the first decades after the Liberation, despite a few successful initiatives and productions. One of the factors for this, especially in the region of Karlovo is, among other things, also the demographic factor.

Икономическа политика на Свищовска община по време на управлението на кмета Христо Теодоров (1887–1893 г.)

Author(s): Emilia Vacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The article traces the economic policy of Svishtov municipality during the rule of the mayor Hristo Teodorov (1887–1893). His rule coincided with the active economic policy of the cabinet of Stefan Stambolov (1887–1894). The measures that the municipal government takes to help traders, entrepreneurs and the development of the infrastructure of the municipality are analyzed. It is concluded that the greatest assistance provided by the municipality to local businesses is through the construction of modern infrastructure.

Принципи на разплащане използвани в образователните дейности, обучението на занаят и училищните дела из българските земи през Възраждането и до началните десетилетия на ХХ в. Бележки и материали

Author(s): Miroslav Toshev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

This work presents the consecutive fourth part of gathered primary material on the topic of the natural trade and service payments in Bulgarian lands through the second half of 19th and the first decades of 20th centuries. I hope that the represented materials can serve for a good basis about further researches as the distant goal is to reveal the system of paying in kind in Bulgarian lands and to reconstruct the economic models from the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Krytyczne uwagi dotyczące bezpieczeństwa infrastruktury krytycznej

Author(s): Mirosław Banasik,Julia Maria Bagińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

The notions of infrastructure and critical infrastructure in particular are ambiguous and in most cases do not take into account the consequences of threats. The aim of the article was to present the results of research on evaluation of critical infrastructure security theory. The article presents interpretations of the notion critical infrastructure and its author's definition. It clarifies the security determinants of critical infrastructure and points to the key elements determining its security.

Класифікація економічної злочинності для цілей державного управління в контексті забезпечення державної безпеки

Author(s): Dymytrii Hrytsyshen,Iryna Suprunova,Serhii Lysak / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4 (37)/2020

Classification is a special general scientific method of scientific research, which allows to establish the properties of the object of study both for the purposes of own research and for the purposes of forming new scientific knowledge. The classification model allows you to approach the object of public administration in a complex and take into account all the properties in further research. Classification as a method of study has a dual meaning for the researcher: from the outside, it is a method that contributes to the study of the system and order; from the internal, it is a technique that determines the completeness and correctness of the conclusions of the study. Classification of economic crimes from the standpoint of public administration will fully assess their properties, which determine the level of threat to national security. Economic crime is not a new phenomenon in Ukraine or in the world. Accordingly, the issue of economic crime has interested scientists for quite some time. The article investigates and systematizes the classification of economic crime in scientific and educational literature. Based on the presented approaches to the classification of economic crimes in scientific, reference and educational literature, the directions of their systematization were determined: by general components of economic activity: by violation of principles of economic activity, by sphere of economic relations. by the spheres of public relations that regulate economic activity, by the content of the committed crime, by the way of committing the crime, by the subjective features. The approaches proposed by scientists to the classification of economic crime are mostly determined by criminal law in force in a country, and therefore do not fully meet the objectives of public administration in the context of combating economic crime as a threat to national security. That is why the author's classification model of economic crime was developed for the purposes of public administration. The presented classification model of economic crime allows to approach economic crime as an object of public administration in a complex and to consider all properties at formation of innovative mechanisms of counteraction.

DIGITAL SERVICES AS A TOOL FOR CREATING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE IN THE BANKING SECTOR IN NORTH MACEDONIA

Author(s): Viktorija Stojkovski,Blagoj Nenovski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In the last few years participants of the banking sector in North Macedonia are facing big competition as a result of the increased innovations between these participants. The only way for banks to stay relevant with their operations is to create a sustainable competitive advantage. For an organization to hold out in a competitive environment, it needs to develop competitive strategies. One of the aspects of creating a competitive advantage in the banking sector is creating digital services. These services have a high impact on the banking sector and enable banks to have a competitive advantage in different manners. In addition to a theoretical approach to creating a competitive advantage in the banking sector, we conducted empirical research on how banks in North Macedonia create competitive advantage by offering digital services. This paper aims to describe the end-users attitude on digital banking services as well as the bank’s strategies on creating a competitive advantage by offering digital banking services.

Средства за постигане на потребителска лоялност – маркетингов подход с възвръщаемост

Author(s): Nadezhda Dimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

In a world of fast-paced technology and the growing role of digital marketing, the importance of customer loyalty tools included in loyalty programs is increasing. But not only by its very nature as part of customer relationship management, but also through the prism of real return and achieving a sustainable business.

Теоретични основи на изследването на стейкхолдър мениджмънта в българските кредитни кооперации

Author(s): Ivan Boevsky,Krasimir Kostenarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

Cooperatives as organizations seek their identity after the democratic changes in Bulgaria. Credit cooperatives appear to be underdeveloped compared to similar organizations in other countries. This study examines the theoretical concepts of cooperatives as well as the development of a legal definition of cooperatives. The intersection and the difference between the theoretical understanding of cooperatives and the normative definition of them are derived. The basic principles and values of the cooperative are presented, both historically and in the present moment. Various forms of organizational structure of credit cooperatives have been considered and on this basis the stakeholders in the credit cooperative have been identified.

Members’ Satisfaction as Main Element of Sustainable Cooperative Development in Bulgaria

Author(s): Krasimir Kostenarov,Angel Sarov,Ivan Boevsky / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Decades after the establishment of the first modern agricultural cooperative in Bulgaria, we are observing a continuous increase in its number, then we see a decline until nowadays. We identified three historical periods for this development: pre socialism, socialism and post socialism. In periods, when the members’ satisfaction is higher, we notice increasing of the number of cooperatives and vice versa. In each period the relation between members’ satisfaction, cooperative values and principles and existing and operating governance structures differs seriously. This paper is concentrated on reasons for this development and tries to evaluate the influence and application of the governance structure and cooperative values and principles on members’ satisfaction. It our research we argue that the members’ satisfaction is higher when the governance structure of the cooperative fits with the cooperative values and principles. The methodology of the research comprises qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method includes in depth interviews, observations and narrative analysis. We use Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as instrument for quantitative valuation of governance structures according to the cooperative values and principles as a criterion and will use it to measure member satisfaction in each historical period.

Контрол върху изпълнението на бюджета на предприятието

Author(s): Ralitsa Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The purpose of this article is to consider budgeting and budgetary control as a tool to increase a company’s performance and achieve its strategic goals. Budgetary control compares actual revenue and expenditure with projected values, identifying variations and enabling corrective action to be taken.The main approaches and methods for the implementation of the budgetary control system in enterprises are presented. Discussed are the most common reasons for the existence of budget deviations of the actual from the planned indicators observed in the practice of economic units.

Bulgarian Economy and Banking as of Mid–2019: Results and Outlook

Author(s): Emil Kalchev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The global economic environment is becoming increasingly turbulent and risky – trade wars, trade sanctions, military conflicts, Brexit, over-indebtedness, competing cheap money policies, etc. For an EU peripheral economy and banking sector like the Bulgarian ones, this environment contains many risks and benefits. Thus, the results for the half-year for both economy and banking sector proved to be more favorable than expected before. What are the reasons and what should we expect for the entire 2019? This paper makes a descriptive analysis of the core macroeconomic indicator: the gross domestic product, and examines the contribution of its components on the supply and demand side to the economic growth during the first half of the year. Additionally the dynamics of further key macroeconomic indicators (inflation and unemployment) are briefly outlined. In a parallel line the banking sector is more deeply addressed due to it’s the crucial role in the structure of thecontemporary economy. Extrapolating the influence of the factors revealed in the retrospective analysis and taking into account the expectations of the managers (PMI) in the surveys of the National Statistical Institute the article gives outlook for the development of the economy and the banking sector by the end of the year.