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The essence of category «social-labour potential» was reflected. Meaningfulness of moral-ethics constituent of social-labour potential was exposed. The transformations of the valued orientations were analysed. The suggestions relatively of adjustment of moral-ethics constituent of social-labour potential were developed.
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The made analysis of a manpower of the industry of the Southern region, the main problems are defined. The main recommendations concerning ways of preservation and development of a manpower of the region are offered.
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Olive mill wastewater (OMW) is considered as phytotoxic and thus an environmentally hazardous material, it is one of the most severe environmental factors that reduces and limits growth and development of plants. This study was conducted under laboratory conditions in order to evaluate the effect of OMW at three concentrations on seeds germination and seedling growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Seeds were soaked then placed in petri-dishes and irrigated with 1, 5 and 10% v/v concentrations of OMW. A control was moistened with distilled water. The germination percentage, root and shoot length, phytotoxicity percentage of root and shoot, and contents biochemical like total proteins, oil, total soluble sugars and starch for both the endosperm and the embryo of maize were observed. The results obtained showed beneficial effects using low concentrations of OMW whereas the treated plants with 1% of OMW showed a slight improvement in all the above growth parameters and contents biochemical, but the highest levels 5 and 10% of OMW had a negative effect compared with control.
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The purpose of this text is to reflect the role and possible effects of the swift development and implementation of the SWOT analysis as an operational tool in the management of the rural economy in Bulgaria.
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The first part of the article presents the theoretical and methodological basis of the study of interconnections and interactions between the social and plant world in gardens, with an emphasis on the concept of biocultural diversity. Experience from collaborative field studies of ethnologists and botanists has been shared. The second part presents observations and reflections on the garden as a multilayered topos: an economic but also an aestheticized place; a place of conservation of genetic resources and knowledge, but also of experiments and innovation; a place where the diversity and composition reflects social relations, hierarchies and conflicts, social mobility and migration, memory of important events and loved ones, cultural orientations and values. The analysis shows that the garden is characterized by constant doing and incompleteness, that it is a place where people bring together different spaces and times and that each garden has its own biography that reflects the life trajectories of its owners.
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The article considers urban gardens as a typical urban farming practice, with a high potential for organizing social energy and the emergence of intensive and sustainable social relationships in time. There are four models for urban gardens, which were created on different occasions but successfully implemented by non-governmental organizations on the territory of a metropolitan municipality. The article reveals the specificities of the functions that urban gardens perform and proves that the non-governmental sector has a huge role to play in promoting urban farming practices and unleashing the potential of urban gardens. Through in-depth interviews, the enthusiasm and the high social commitment of people who have implemented urban gardening initiatives are demonstrated. The models presented could be implemented as examples of the deployment of urban agriculture in the capital.
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The text aims to fill partly the gaps in the research of new migration from Western Europe to Bulgaria. It presents experiences and facts about the movement of Germans to Bulgaria and their categorization according to emigrational motives and contemporary way of life. German institutions are also presented – German embassy, Chamber of Industry and Commerce, Goethe-Institute, educational institutions, catering establishments. They are all functioning nowadays on the territory of Bulgaria as German community topoi.
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The main characteristics of the companies carrying out and exhibiting interest in trade with Sub-Saharan Africa are identified based on the analysis of a representative survey of Bulgarian enterprises. In order to deepen and streamline the results obtained and to formulate adequate recommendations to the companies and the government for the future development of their policies, a number of companies with real trade relations with countries from the region were identified, with which structured interviews were conducted. The study discusses the results obtained – the first section presents briefly the general features of Bulgarian trade with Sub-Saharan Africa, the second focuses on the identified synthetic profile of Bulgarian companies trading with the region, while the third, main part of the study summarises the attitudes and assessments of Bulgarian business outlined within the structured interviews.
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The mines, roads and border crossing points in the Late Antique period represented places that were of great importance for the development of the economy in a society. Because of this significance, these economic places in the Late Antiquity were protected in purpose to defend them428selves from various hostile activities. The protection of the economic places during this period was realized through the construction of fortifications. These types of fortifications from the Late Antique period are also found in the regions of Vinica, Kochani, Shtip and Sveti Nikole.The mines, roads and border crossing points in the Late Antique period represented places that were of great importance for the development of the economy in a society. Because of this significance, these economic places in the Late Antiquity were protected in purpose to defend themselves from various hostile activities. The protection of the economic places during this period was realized through the construction of fortifications. These types of fortifications from the Late Antique period are also found in the regions of Vinica, Kochani, Shtip and Sveti Nikole.
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Space is the basic concept of geographical analysis, and the spatial relations established between the different elements of the environment are those that structure the planable territory. On a temporal scale, the European space was shaped by a variety of vectors, which ultimately sought to make the use of the geographical landscape more efficient, implicitly by increasing accessibility between expanding cities, between supply and demand. Accessibility is the main "product" of a transport system. This determines the advantage of positioning one region over the others (including itself). Accessibility indicators can be defined to reflect, within or outside the region, the transport infrastructure affecting the region. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are used as scientific and methodological tools for measuring accessibility, monitoring the resulting indicators, identifying spatial disparities and finally finding solutions to support territorial planning.
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Smart specialisation is a key policy instrument of the European Commission, which European regions can use to identify and develop their competitive advantages. It is based on five guiding principles: place-based priorities; targeted investments in sectors with existing critical mass of resources; bottom-up approach; broad view of innovation that also includes social innovation; clear monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. If these are applied effectively, smart specialisation can help resolve some of the main long-term obstacles faced by the Bulgarian innovation system, such as the lack of sufficient funding for R&D and the weak link between business and science. In turn, this would help achieve the strategic objective of the Innovation Strategy for Smart Specialisation of moving from the modest to the moderate innovators’ group in the European Innovation Scoreboard by 2020.
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Before the banking system reached its modern form it has come a long way of development and has changed a lot. One of the first forms of lending money in our lands is usury. This article aims to trace usury, defined as unorganized credit where individuals give loans against interest. Usury is rooted in a period long before The Liberation of Bulgaria. An important characteristic of usury is that the activity of moneylenders is not regulated by the law or by traditions and in that sense is perceived by society as bad, unnatural and immoral. Although it has more primitive form and organization, usury also has many similarities to the contemporary banks. The most common feature of both types of activities is that their main goal is making a profit.
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This article examines the costs of the Common Agricultural Policy within a 10-year period of the 21st century. Attention is drawn to the two pillars supporting agriculture - the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF), ie the European Agricultural Guarantee Fund (EAGF) 1st pillar, and the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD)- 2nd pillar. The article also analyzes Bulgaria in the context of CAP expenditure and contribution of the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector in the country’s economy through the GVA indicator. Due to the fact that the main beneficiaries of subsidies are the so-called market-oriented agricultural holdings within the scope of the Farm Accountancy Data System (FADN), at the end of the article some indicators of these farms in Bulgaria are analyzed.
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In today's world of widespread environmental threat, global pollution and widespread depletion of natural resources, the issue of studying and sustainable soil management as a natural resource and capital to protect against chemical pollution by aerosols, acids and alkalis, the erosion, salinization, sedimentation, protection and regulation of the development and enrichment of soil biocenoses, deserves special attention. The article examines and analyzes data on key issues for the sustainable use of the country's soil resource. Particular attention has been paid to the organization of soil monitoring, as a key issue in clarifying the risk of heavy metals, pesticides, wind and water erosion, salinization and acidification, soil compaction and sealing.
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This study analyzes the historical development and functional imbalances of rural areas in Bulgaria through the political and socio-economic development of the country. The exhibition of the study clarifies the root causes and mechanisms of shaping the characteristics of this type of area. Subject of the study is the causal link between the frequent change of management models and the "catch-up" of rural development. Main aim of the study is not only to shed light on the constantly changing vision of rural development at various historical stages, but also to draw the lagging development of these areas as a permanently neglected problem. Based on the presumption that the resource potential of rural areas is sufficient to provide the basis for diversifying the economy in most of the rural areas, the study analyzes the different management approaches to quantifying this potential. Milestone of the study is the idea of ensuring sustainability in rural development and the link with the need for an integrated approach to rural development policy, creating real and tangible positive effects for the local population.
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European Union policies for small and medium-sized enterprises aim to ensure that Community programmes and activities support small businesses and contribute to making Europe a more attractive place to start businesses. A major priority of the European institutions in recent years has been to improve the business environment, promote an entrepreneurial and job creation climate, and provide easier access to finance and markets for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). In the context of the key role SMEs play in the economic and social development of contemporary Europe, this paper aims to carry out a study of policies and programmes for small and medium-sized enterprises in the Community. The research can contribute to the successful implementation of these policies and programmes in Bulgaria and to support those wishing to start their own businesses.
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The reorganization of public authority is a fundamental postulate of eliminating existing social controversy and improving the state of every state creation. Regarding the prosperity systems of the European Union, the reform should provide a modern, depoliticized, efficient and professional administration designed to serve the population. The transformation project includes a detailed analysis of the situation, the detection of anomalies and radical changes in all areas of public life. In the implementation of the reorganization, a significant segment signifies reforms of public sector companies and privatization as the most represented model of this process. There are different modalities of privatization that should enable economic efficiency, cost reduction, investment flows and the acquisition of new knowledge. The sale of enterprises as its most common form implies the emergence of corruption and other security challenges. Comprehensive trends of innovation in management involve the application of standards, that is, the prescribed measures of protection of secrecy and information security. The introduction and functioning of the modern eGovernment paradigm initiate the mandatory implementation of adequate modern methods of information system security.
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The purpose of this article is to analyze the impact of the fiscal shocks on the economic growth in Romania. Firstly, the article considers the total fiscal shock by using total government revenues and then it studies their structure. Three categories of revenues are used: distortionary taxation, non-distortionary taxation and other revenues. The first estimation is done by using a simple Vector Autoregressive model and the second is based on a Structural Vector Autoregressive model. The results indicate a positive impact if total revenues increase and a negative one when the groups of taxation are considered individually. Among the revenues’ categories, the most significant impact is obtained for distortionary taxation and other revenues.
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Real estate investment trusts or REITs are ”companies that own or finance income-producing real estate across a range of property sectors (including offices, apartment buildings, warehouses, retail centers, medical facilities, data centers, cell towers, infrastructure and hotels). These real estate companies have to meet a number of requirements to qualify as REITs. Most REITs trade in major stock exchanges, and they offer a number of benefits to investors.” (REIT, 2019). REITs operate worldwide from the USA to Hungary. The article focuses on the REIT-regulation in some European countries, mainly in the United Kingdom and in Hungary. As REITs are listed on stock exchanges, they have to prepare their financial statements based on International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). The paper looks at the presentation and specificities of the REIT status in the IFRS financial statements.
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