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Gminy górnicze – rozwój czy stagnacja?

Author(s): Jan Czempas / Language(s): Polish Issue: 404/2015

The problems of Polish mining has a serious human, economic and social dimension. It is necessary to resolve the results of changes which are indispensible to save this industry. The necessity to close some new mines will for sure influence the reduction of output in Silesia, which will improve the balance of demand and supply of coal in the country, but at the same time the financial situation of a lot of municipalities will deteriorate. The unstable situation leads to the dependence of mining municipalities on the situation of one inefficient company. Mining municipalities are those local authorities units in which part of their own revenues are amounts collected from the mining estates tax or from the mining fee. The aim of the research was the impact assessment of decreasing revenues from the mining fee in the budgets of mining municipalities of the Silesian Voivodeship. The worsening situation of some self-government’s units is determined by the direct correlation of charge from the production volumes.

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Market orientation vs. inovativeness of SMEs of Podlaskie province

Author(s): Joanna Ejdys / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

This research aims to examine the impact of marketing orientation on the innovation level among Small and Medium Size (SMEs) from Podlaskie Province. A survey utilizing a questionnaire was conducted among 137 companies in the Podlaskie Voivodeship. Altogether 3 hypotheses concerning marketing orientation and innovativeness level have been examined with the use of the hierarchical regression techniques. The relation between three types of marketing orientation and innovativeness has been analysed: customer orientation, competitor orientation and interfunctional coordination. The research results show that marketing orientation has a positive total effect on improving innovativeness. The conclusions suggest, contrary to the marketing orientation sources, that customer orientation hinder marketing innovation. A positive interrelation between customer orientation and competitor orientation, as a component of marketing orientation and innovation was supported. The positive interrelationships between inter-functional orientation and innovativeness was rejected. The study explores the relationship between marketing orientation and innovativeness, thus theoretically contributing to marketing orientation literature. Moreover, relevant ramifications are provided for management, concerning the ways to boost the level of innovativeness.

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The Model of Tourist Virtual Community Members Engagement Management

Author(s): Krzysztof Stepaniuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Building numerous and active virtual tourist communities involved in the tourist brand, connected with product, attraction or travel destination is a significant challenge for a dynamic and competitive tourist market. The main aim of presented pilot study was the drawing up guidelines for development of users engagement of selected virtual tourist communities on the example of Facebook. For that purpose a ranking of the most popular indicators of thematic areas, around which virtual tourist communities are formed was built. Simultaneously a typology of members of virtual tourist communities was presented as well as motives for the participation in communities gathered around the definite subject matter were analysed.

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SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A FACTOR OF SUCCESSFUL MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES IN SERBIA: A CASE STUDY

Author(s): Sanja Marković,Vuk Miletić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2015

A business operation of an enterprise in a socially responsible manner becomes a crucial topic and imperative of contemporary business operations and management of the enterprises, given that the business is conducted in the environment that must be taken into account. Corporate social responsibility imposes as the necessity-inevitability of modern business operation and therefore managers are expected to harmonize social responsibility strategy with all key values, business mission and global strategy of an enterprise. The goal of this paper is, therefore, to present that the enterprises will have a greater positive impact on their working, business and natural environment if social responsibility is more involved in the strategy of the enterprise. The paper presents the result of conducted research in the following enterprises: Lola “FOT” - Lešak, ŠG “Ibar”- Leposavić and RIF “Kopaonik” - Leposavić that we came to applying the Pearson linear correlation coefficient and procedure of a single-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Tukey post hoc test.

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Zróżnicowanie zasobów kapitału ludzkiego na obszarze województwa warmińsko-mazurskiego

Author(s): Katarzyna Maria Bartnik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 04/2015

The main aim of the article is to estimate the resources of human capital and its differentiation in the counties of Warmia and Mazury. There was applied the synthetic indicator of human capital (WZKL) on which basis there was made a hierarchy of counties. The analysis was carried out in spatial and time dimension, using data from the Local Data Bank from the Central Statistical Office and the censuses. The analysis covers 2002 and 2011. In those years the censuses were conducted, which are the only reliable source of information about education an essential component of human capital. The purpose of the study is to find answers to research questions: what is the state of human capital, what is its spatial differentiation, and what changes have occurred in the period 2002–2011 in the counties of Warmia and Mazury?

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THE EQUILIBRIUM AND SOCIALLY EFFECTIVE NUMBER OF FIRMS AT OLIGOPOLY MARKETS: THEORY AND EMPRIRICS

Author(s): Alexander Filatov,Yana Makolskaya / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

The paper considers impact of entry barriers on the social welfare. Despite the common opinion that entry barriers are always bad, the excessive number of firms’ means, all pros aside, duplicated fixed costs. It is shown that the socially effective number of firms is smaller than the equilibrium one for the wide specter of demand and cost functions, and also for different strategies of companies’ behavior. This proposition is satisfied for the homogeneous product markets where output of each company decreases when the number of firms increases, and competition gets stronger. But there is the considerable danger of the increasing probability of collusion in a situation of number of firms’ limitation. We show that collusion is less dangerous than duplicated fixed costs if the gap between the choke price and marginal costs is less than a certain critical value connected with the ratio of fixed and variable costs. We back up our findings by the empirical research on the base of the financial statistics of the biggest world corporations.

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FINANCING OBSTACLES OF SMALL ENTERPRISES - EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Author(s): Slobodanka Jovin / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2016

Small enterprises are the driving force of any economy, and the engine of economic growth in both developed countries and countries in transition. One of the problems that small enterprises and entrepreneurs face is the lack of financial resources, or difficult access to them, for starting and financing the development of their entrepreneurial venture. The aim of the paper is to analyze the financing difficulties of small enterprises and entrepreneurs in the Republic of Serbia. 167 enterprises were surveyed and their responses were grouped into three groups depending on the size of an enterprise: small enterprises and entrepreneurs, medium enterprises and large enterprises so that by comparing the obtained results we could determine the differences in attitudes depending on the size of an enterprise and prove that small enterprises have limited access to financial resources. The research investigated financing constraints, financial services and approved loan conditions in relation to the size of an enterprise. The results showed statistically significant differences between small, medium and large enterprises in the majority of the observed parameters and that small enterprises and entrepreneurs have difficult access to financial resources.

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ANTIDOTE TO CURRENT PROBLES OF WORLD’S ECONOMY: NEOLIBERALISM OR CENTRALLY PLANNED SYSTEM?

Author(s): Piotr J. Białowąs / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

The article presents the assumptions for the major economies of the world tackling the problems and issues of the world economy and the possible solutions that come to mind. The paper scrutinizes the existing streams of thought and notes that there are two contradicting systems in the world economy that can be described as pure capitalism and pure socialism. However, we argue that most existing economic systems are actually the mixed systems embedding the features from both. The paper runs a critical analysis and emphasized that they have different uses and different effects depending on the country concerned.

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INFORMATION AS A MARKET PRODUCT AND INFORMATION MARKETS

Author(s): Anetta Zielińska / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Information is a key category in a modern society and in the modern economy that is largely based on knowledge. Information has always been a basis of decision-making processes, starting with the preparation phase (planning) through its making, up to the accomplishment of the pre-set goals. One can probably agree that information is a specific good which also has the ability to fulfill certain consumer needs. Moreover, information plays many essential functions in the economy, especially an informative, decisive, controllable, and consumable functions, just to mention a few. All of these functions influence on the volume of information demand and supply.The aim of the article is to analyze the role of information in today’s economy as well as to scrutinize its main functions as a basic significant element, as a basis of human communication, as an economic resource, and as a product bought and sold on the market.

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Multiple criteria decision analysis using prioritised interval type-2 fuzzy aggregation operators and its application to site selection

Author(s): Ting-Yu Chen / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The theory of interval type-2 fuzzy sets provides an intuitive and computationally feasible method of addressing uncertain and ambiguous information in decision-making fields. This paper aims to develop a prioritised interval type-2 fuzzy aggregation operator and apply it to multiple criteria decision analysis with prioritised criteria. This paper considers situations in which a relationship between the criteria exists such that a lack of satisfaction by the higher priority criteria cannot be readily compensated by the satisfaction of lower priority criteria. This paper introduces the developed prioritised interval type-2 fuzzy aggregation operator to address the problem of criteria aggregation in this environment. To demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed operator, this paper provides a multiple criteria decision-making method that uses the prioritised interval type-2 fuzzy aggregation operator, and the method is illustrated with a practical application to landfill site selection.

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Fuzzy extension of the CODAS method for multi-criteria market segment evaluation

Author(s): Mehdi Keshavarz Ghorabaee,Maghsoud Amiri,Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas,Reyhaneh Hooshmand,Jurgita Antuchevičienė / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

One of the important activities of a company that can increase its competitiveness is market segment evaluation and selection (MSE/MSS). We can usually consider MSE/MSS as a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem, and so we need to use an MCDM method to handle it. Uncertainty is one of the important factors that can affect the process of decision-making. Fuzzy MCDM approached have been designed to deal with the uncertainty of decision-making problems. In this study, a fuzzy extension of the CODAS (COmbinative Distance-based ASsessment) method is proposed to solve multi-criteria group decision-making problems. We use linguistic variables and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers to extend the CODAS method. The proposed fuzzy CODAS method is applied to an example of market segment evaluation and selection problem under uncertainty. To validate the results, a comparison is performed between the fuzzy CODAS and two other MCDM methods (fuzzy EDAS and fuzzy TOPSIS). A sensitivity analysis is also carried out to demonstrate the stability of the results of the fuzz CODAS. For this aim, ten sets of criteria weights are randomly generated and the example is solved using each set separately. The results of the comparison and the sensitivity analysis show that the proposed fuzzy CODAS method gives valid and stable results.

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Industry-wide competitiveness assessment through fuzzy synthetic evaluation: the case of cement industry

Author(s): Serdar Ulubeyli / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This study aims to develop a fuzzy force assessment model (FFAM) for quantifying industry-wide competition conditions (CCs) using five-force framework. It employed fuzzy synthetic evaluation to assess CCs of forces and industry, and real case of Turkish cement industry was demonstrated. As a result, FFAM provides a comprehensive and practical device. As empirical findings, CCs in cement industry are medium-to-high, and pressure from substitutes is the most effective force, followed by intensity of competitors’ rivalry, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, and threat of entrants. Consequently, this study is first to propose a structured and fuzzy five-force quantification model and to assess CCs in cement industry.

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Hesitant fuzzy multi-criteria decision making methods based on Heronian mean

Author(s): Dejian Yu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

Among several extensions of fuzzy set theory, the concept introduced by Torra and Narukawa (2009) in defining hesitant fuzzy set is interesting and practical. In this paper we introduce and study new methods for dealing with MCDM (multi-criteria decision making) problems under the hesitant fuzzy environment. First, we propose and discuss the notion of hesitant fuzzy Heronian mean operators. By using these operators, we can portray the relationship of the criteria effectively. Then, the numerical examples are provided and comparative analyses with other aggregation operators are not neglected. Furthermore, the weighted forms of the hesitant fuzzy Heronian mean operators are defined for MCDM problem, based on which, new MCDM methods are proposed. The MCDM methods presented in this paper can provide an effective manner to assist the decision maker in making his/her decision. An example about dormitory construction projection selection is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Alignment and theory in Corporate Real Estate alignment models

Author(s): Christopher Heywood,Monique Arkesteijn / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

This paper deepens the understanding of Corporate Real Estate (CRE) alignment through a meta-study of twenty existing alignment models. A qualitative hermeneutic method interpreted the models and their articles. This holistic analysis found alignment to be more complex and pluralistic than the individual models assumed. Four dimensions operating simultaneously were evident – a multi-valent relationship, multiple alignment forms, multiple cognitive objects to align and alignment in multiple directions. Alignment theorisation had positive and negative aspects. Positive is that good science was evident and had improved over time. Negative is that model theorisation had occurred mostly in isolation and was constrained by simplifications required to make modelling tractable. The research makes a meta-theoretical contribution through a more complete theorisation of CRE alignment as a phenomenon. This addresses a disordered sense to prior theory thereby representing a major conceptual improvement. A new alignment model is not proposed; rather through developed understanding a basis is provided to examine alignment in both theorisation and practice.

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Formation of a system of multicriteria indicators for the assessment of office leasing options

Author(s): Tomas Ginevičius,Ilona Skačkauskienė,Andrius Stasiukynas,Izolda Jokšienė / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

With the growing scope of business and the internationalization of companies, office leasing is becoming an increasingly relevant issue. It has become an integral part of business and affects the results of commercial activities. The methods for the assessment of office leasing options that are available at the moment are imperfect, as they lack complexity and they are not related to the objective of the lease — the improvement of business results, imperfect methods for a quantitative assessment of the lease options, etc. The adequacy of the assessment of lease options largely depends on the system of indicators that is used. The system is formed on the basis of a list of indicators composed from different sources. For the system of indicators to fully reflect the analyzed phenomenon and to be suitable for a quantitative assessment, there have to be not too many or too few indicators in the system. This means that the indicators that are insignificant have to be eliminated from the list. The most precise way to do that is to apply methods of mathematical statistics. The research is based on the analysis of scientific literature and the methods of mathematical statistics.

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Czynniki determinujące decyzje rodzinnych wyjazdów turystycznych w opinii młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej

Author(s): Olga Smoleńska,Joanna Kosmaczewska,Mariusz Barczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki badań nad czynnikami podejmowania decyzji o rodzinnym wyjeździe turystycznym, przeprowadzonych wśród młodzieży ponadgimnazjalnej w Polsce. Celem zrealizowanych badań było określenie motywów uczestnictwa w rodzinnych wyjazdach turystycznych przez młodzież, jak również określenie głównych decydentów w opinii uczniów, jak możliwości i skali ich wpływu na różne elementy takiego wyjazdu. Wyniki pokazują, że wpływ na decyzje odnośnie tego typu wyjazdów przez młodzież jest znaczący, jednak to głównie sami rodzice podejmują najważniejsze decyzje dotyczące organizacji samego wyjazdu. Coraz bardziej znaczącymi motywami tego typu wyjazdów są motywy eskapistyczne, które wypierają motywy czysto hedonistyczne, w dalszym ciągu ważna jest jednak u młodzieży otwartość na świat i nowe doświadczenia.

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Bezpieczeństwo informacyjne – nowe kryterium jakości żywności w komunikacji rynkowej z konsumentem

Author(s): Maria Śmiechowska,Filip Kłobukowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Świadomość konsumentów rośnie, co sprawia, że coraz więcej konsumentów zwraca uwagę na informacje zawarte na opakowaniu. Niestety, nie wszyscy producenci żywności zamieszczają na opakowaniach informacje zgodne z wymaganiami odpowiednich ustaw i rozporządzeń. Zjawisko może się przyczynić do pewnych nadużyć ze strony producentów żywności.W dotychczasowym ujęciu bezpieczeństwa żywności wskazuje się typy zagrożeń fizycznych, mikrobiologicznych oraz chemicznych. W przypadku coraz większej roli informacji zawartych na opakowaniach należałoby zwrócić uwagę na inną sferę zagrożeń - zagrożenia informacyjne. Wielu konsumentów, wbrew ichprawom gwarantowanym między innymi przez Rozporządzenie Parlamentu Europejskiegoi Rady UE nr 1169/2011, zostaje wprowadzona w błąd przez producenta przez podanie nieprawdziwych informacji na produkcie bądź opakowaniu. Jest to specyficzny przykład zafałszowania produktu, który wiąże się z nieprawidłowym oznakowaniem. W świetle powyższego należy zwrócić uwagę na to, iż bezpieczeństwo informacyjne stanowi integralną część autentyczności środków spożywczych. Bezpieczeństwo informacyjne winno zostać włączone jako kryterium oceny jakości bezpieczeństwa żywności, ponieważ może mieć istotny wpływ na ewaluację jakości środków spożywczych w ocenie konsumentów. Tym samym może także przyczynić się do wzrostu udziału w rynku produktów o jakości niższej niż domniemana. Celem pracy jest próba przedstawienia problemu zagrożeń informacyjnych w kontekście zapewnienia autentyczności i bezpieczeństwa środków spożywczych. Rola bezpieczeństwa informacyjnego staje się coraz bardziej istotna w komunikacji rynkowej biorąc pod uwagę społeczną odpowiedzialność biznesu.

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Attitudes of elderly people towards new and unfamiliar food

Author(s): Ewa Babicz-Zielińska,Magdalena Tańska,Agnes Chaillot / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Poland has been experiencing a process of demographic changes with an increasing number of ageing people constituting its population. During the late stages of life, one can observe many health conditions occurring among this age group, which are also related to diets. The economic situation is not always the reason; it is often a reluctance to change dietary habits, fear of the unfamiliar, or preference for the traditional dietary model. Neophobic behaviours contribute to persisting in taking unadventurous food choices, limiting the variety and resulting in dietary monotony and nutritional deficiencies.The aim of the study was to assess the attitudes of older adults towards novel, unfamiliar food and to identify sources of knowledge about healthy diets. The study was conducted among 596 members of the University of the Third Age from Pomorskieand Zachodniopomorskie provinces with a varied social and demographic profile. In order to determine the degree of neophobia, a modified Food NeophobiaScale was employed. Respondents were also asked to identify the most significant sources of knowledge about food.Over half of the group declared an indifferent attitude towards novel, unfamiliar food, and a third of all the respondents was negatively biased. The most substantial factors affecting the degree of neophobia have been: financial situation, and working life of the older adults. Acquaintances, friends and popular science magazines have been indicated as sources of knowledge about healthy diets.It is likely that reluctance to consume new and unfamiliar food by older adults is influenced by the dietary habits formed over their lifetime. Fears connected with new food result from lack of elementary knowledge of the subject. The elderly consumers are a segment of the market that should be targeted at with promotional campaigns of new products, particularly those having healthful properties.

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Uwarunkowania decyzji nabywczych na rynku żywności regionalnej i tradycyjnej

Author(s): Aleksandra Wilczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

Produkty tradycyjne to produkty, które wytwarza się według tradycyjnych receptur z wykorzystaniem odpowiedniego surowca uzyskanego w specyficznych warunkach przyrodniczo-klimatycznych. Zazwyczaj produkty tradycyjne są jednocześnie produktami regionalnymi − wytwarzanymi na konkretnym terenie, a ich cechy związane są z warunkami istniejącymi na danym terenie, z którymi to wyrobami utożsamiają się mieszkańcy regionu. Chociaż produkty te cieszą się coraz większym zainteresowaniem konsumentów, niewielu z nich świadomie podejmuje decyzje o ich zakupie. Celem pracy było określenie zachowań konsumentów w zakresie powodów dokonywania zakupów żywności tradycyjnej i regionalnej, a także wskazanie czynników, które mają istotny wpływ na ich decyzje zakupowe. Badania metodą ankietową przeprowadzono wśród 130 celowo wybranych konsumentów z województwa pomorskiego. Zastosowano autorski kwestionariusz zawierający pytania dotyczące m.in. znajomości produktów tradycyjnych i regionalnych, rodzajów i częstotliwości ich spożywania oraz motywów, jakimi kierują się konsumenci, wybierający tego rodzaju produkty. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, iż większość konsumentów nie zna definicji żywności tradycyjnej i regionalnej, nie potrafi nazwać produktów typowych dla swojego regionu, ale kupuje i spożywa produkty tego rodzaju. Badani są więc konsumentami nieświadomymi, wyniki przeprowadzonych badań wskazują więc na potrzebę edukacji konsumentów w tym zakresie. Implikacje praktyczne − wskazania potencjalnych możliwości rozwoju rynku tego rodzaju żywności w Polsce. Artykuł ma charakter badawczy.

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Wpływ Internetu na zachowania współczesnych konsumentów wobec żywności

Author(s): Jerzy Gębski,Małgorzata Kosicka-Gębska,Agnieszka Tul-Krzyszczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

Celem artykułu badawczego jest przedstawienie szerokiego wpływu Internetu, jako nowoczesnego źródła informacji, na kształtowanie zachowań konsumentów wobec żywności i żywienia. Rozwój nowoczesnych technologii ma istotny wpływ na kształtowanie się zachowań współczesnych konsumentów, którzy wraz z nabywaniem nowoczesnych urządzeń i wiedzy co do ich użytkowania, budują tzw. społeczeństwo informacyjne. Większa dostępność Internetu umożliwia szersze korzystanie z jego możliwości. Codziennością stała się komunikacja za pośrednictwem Internetu, robienie zakupów on-line, w tym nabywanie produktów żywnościowych czy zamawianie gotowych dań. Analizowane badania dowodzą, że coraz więcej osób decyduje się na kupowanie produktów żywnościowych za pośrednictwem sieci ze względu na oszczędność czasu, czy możliwość dostępu do bardzo szerokiej oferty różnych produktów często w konkurencyjnych cenach.

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