Temesvár vízerőműve: működő műszaki műemlékünk

Author(s): Árpád Jancsó / Language(s): Hungarian

The city on the Bega River can show its pride, among other things, in its many industrial monuments, witnesses of the economic boom it experienced between the end of the XIXth and the beginning of the XXth. Those industrial traces are as important as the fortresses, the palaces, the castles, the churches and the monasteries of the area, because they illustrate, too the result of the work, the sacrifices and the aspirations of the communities to which they belonged.A pearl of industrial archaeology is the hydroelectric power station from Timişoara, known among the inhabitants by the name „The Turbins”. She will be, on the 3rd of May 2010, a hundred years old.The Bega River harnessing was begun in 1728, but only at the beginning of the XXth century it was fully transformed in a modern navigable canal, with a length of 120 km. and six hydro-technical knots (pound locks) (dam, lock [10].In the territory of the Timişoara/Temesvár city, Bega River was schemed for modern navigation up to the Fabric neighborhood, where the waters of the river spread in multiple canals and branches. The weirs were used to ensure the water chute for moving the wheels of watermills. Eight such watermills were in the property of the city and their lease brought a solid income to the city’s budget.But, at the end of the XIXth century the watermills’ mechanical efficiency was lower than those of the new steam-engine mills. The city administration decided to use the water energy more efficiently through the building of a hydroelectric power station. There were also in plan: the draining of the Fabric/Gyárváros neighborhood, the lowering the level of the phreatic waters, the elimination of the channels that transformed this neighborhood in Timişoara’s own Venice, the building of a new canalized river bed that would allow the access upstream of the biggest barges standardized for the navigation on the interior rivers. The building of a hydroelectric power station, through which it will be „exploited much more efficiently the energy of the Bega’s waters”, was decided by the Town Council. The large scale project of urban planning – important due to both architectural and public health issues – of eliminating the old streams and canals that spread in the Fabric neighborhood and the building of the hydroelectric power station was made by Timişoara/Temesvár’s engineerin-chief, Emil Szilárd. In the chapter dedicated to the expense-income issue, the engineer-in-chief demonstrated that, by the construction of a hydroelectric power station simultaneously with to draining of the neighborhood, this large investment of city planning will pay-off very quickly.Timişoara was a pioneer in this field, because the building of hydroelectric power stations was at its earliest stages across Europe. The first hydroelectric power stations were erected in the last decades of the XIXth century. Between 1893 and 1911, in what was then Hungary, 39 hydroelectric power stations were build for public use, out of which, the ones from Târgu Mureş/Marosvásárhely and Timişoara/Temesvár had an installed power of over 1000 HP.On the nowadays territory of Romania, the hydroelectric power station from Timişoara is the first a hydroelectric power station of the type dam – power station (hydroelectric dam).The hydroelectric power station, „built by the most modern knowledge”, was planned to be erected in the eastern edge of the city, the area where the Bega River, coming from the Ghiroda village enters Timişoara/Temesvár’s territory. Downstream from the hydroelectric power station, engineer-in-chief Szilárd envisaged the digging of a new canalized riverbed, 2400 m in length, and with a transversal section large enough to ensure a large flow of water. After the end of the works, the level of the Bega canal became lower with 4,40 m. The new riverbed was designed with the characteristics that would also allow the navigation in that sector. On top of the riverbed there were planned three new bridges, made in concrete steel. The one on the Park Street became famous because it was the largest bridge on concrete steel beams (Gerber system) in the world at the time [11], [12], [13], [14], [15].The cost estimate was of 1.700.000 crowns. The engineer-in-chief demonstrated, through detailed calculations, this investment will help save a 188.179 crowns worth of coal, thus it will pay-off very fast.The diggings of the new canalized riverbed, 2400 meters long and most of the power station’s construction works were finished by 1909. In the time of the building activities, the Bega waters were re-directed through the riverbed of Vâna Roşie/Vörös ér and of Suboleasa/Subolyásza so that the new riverbed, the power station and the three birdges were built on dry land. The architectural design of the power station’s building and annexes were madeby the famous city architect-in-chief, László Székely, in a historicist style, with many elements of Hungarian Seccessio influences. The majority of the power station works were made by the Hungarian building firm „Magyar Beton- és Vasbeton Építési Vállalat Wayss G.A. és Tsa.” from Budapest. The small-scale works were commissioned to some firms and entrepreneurs from Timişoara.The hydroelectric power station was equipped with three identical motor groups: each a triplex horizontal Francis turbine, producing 660 HP, with 140 rpm. At a water level difference of 5 m, each turbine needs a water flow of 12,85 m³/s, totaling 36-37 m³/s for the whole power station. The turbines and the generators have the same axis. The three power generators have a power of 400 kW each and are producing alternative biphasic electrical current with a tension of 2 × 2100 V.The turbines were bought in 1909 from the well-known Budapest firm „Ganz Danubius” and the generators from the sister-firm „Ganz-féle Villamossági R.-T.”. The Ganz group was already experienced from works on the electric power stations all over the world, of which, the largest was the hydroelectric power station from Tivoli that supplied power to the Italian capital. The calculations and planning for the power station’s installations were made by the two supplying firms.Due to unexpected expenses, the final cost of the investment was 2.132.950 crowns.Timişoara’s hydroelectric power station began its service at the 3rd of May 1910. In the first full year, it produced 4.132.000 kWh, which was 89% of electricity consumption of the Banat’s city. „We can say the hydroelectric power station is the most successful in the whole Hungary and is the proud successor of the oldest Hungarian hydroelectric power station both technically and economically. Timişoara / Temesvár remained loyal to itself when it accomplished this power station and has set an example about the way it should be organized and used such a communal station” wrote dr. Mihály Seidner in an article featured in the technicians magazine from Hungary, in which he made a presentation of the hydroelectric power station from the city on the Bega River.During the First World War, Timişoara/Temesvár felt less the lack in coal supply, due to the electricity provided by the hydroelectric power station on the Bega river.After the First World War, Timişoara/Temesvár and about two thirds of the historical Banat province were included in the territory of Romania. After the nationalization of the main inputs (11th of June 1948) in the socialist era the station became a sub-unit of different state departments. After 1990, the hydroelectric power station built with the citizens’ money returned into the possession of the city administration. It was kept in good conditions, the 100-year old installations still work today, the machines’ hall was beautifully renovated and the building that houses the command mechanisms for the weirs was restored following the original model in an exemplary manner. The hydroelectric power station – „The Turbins” from Timişoara/Temesvár – is a working technical monument, an extremely valuable sample of industrial archaeology.

Where Currents Meet. Frontiers in Post-Soviet Fiction of Kharkiv, Ukraine

Author(s): Tanya Zaharchenko / Language(s): English

Where Currents Meet, Tanya Zaharchenko’s path-breaking study of literature and cultural memory, moves decisively beyond the simplistic view of a post-Soviet Ukraine divided between east and west. It positions the Ukrainian and Russian components of cultural experience in the country’s east as elements of a complex continuum. Combining insights from memory studies and border studies, Zaharchenko analyzes a generation of younger writers in the city of Kharkiv—a “doubletake generation” that came of age at the time of the Soviet Union’s collapse and now revisits this experience through fiction. In the works of Serhiy Zhadan, Andreĭ Krasniashchikh, Yuri Tsaplin, Oleh Kotsarev, and others the author reveals how borderlands and frontiers, both geographical and conceptual, acquire zonal qualities of their own as these writers navigate the historical legacy they have inherited.

Ratni zločini, genocid i sećanja : koreni zla, ja hoću da razumem

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian

Le sfide del Vaticano nei Balcani: il rafforzamento della Chiesa Cattolica nel 2015 e oltre

Author(s): Matteo Albertini,Chris Deliso / Language(s): Italian

Sovrapponendo un'ampia ricerca sul campo, informazioni riservate di intelligence e interviste ad esperti del settore con i resoconti delle fonti giornalistiche e con i dati ufficiali della Chiesa, Le sfide del Vaticano nei Balcani è la prima analisi, interamente dedicata alle attività della Santa Sede nella regione, capace di rendere conto dei rapporti del Vaticano con gli stati e con le chiese balcaniche, e di evidenziare la sua azione nei confronti delle popolazioni locali.

Rīgas pilsētas arhitekts Johans Daniels Felsko (1813-1902)

Author(s): Daina Lāce / Language(s): Latvian

Johann Daniel Felsko (1813–1902) is the first Master Builder of Riga who received academic training and held the title of City Architect. After journeyman’s travels and studies of architecture at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen, the most prominent North European centre of artistic education in that time, he returned to his native city. Felsko belongs to the first generation of Historicist architects. His four decades of creativity illustrate the appearance and development of Neo-Gothic, Neo-Renaissance and round-arch style in the biggest Baltic port city of the Russian Empire. Daina Lāce’s monograph is based on her PhD dissertation that was defended at the Latvian Academy of Art in 2010, and its publication celebrates the 200th anniversary of the architect’s birth. The volume includes extensive English and German summaries

Fără termen de prescripţie. Aspecte ale investigării crimelor comunismului în Europa

Author(s): Vladimir Tismăneanu,Leonidas Donskis,Aigi Rahi-Tamm,Meelis Maripuu,Meelis Saueauk,Raimo Poom,Uve Poom,Matej Medvecký,Pavel Navrátil,Vojtěch Ripka,Vladimir Tolz,Dennis Deletant,Smaranda Vultur,Alina Pavelescu,Cristian Vasile,Octavian Roske,Adrian Cioflâncă,Nikolai Vukov,Octavian Ţîcu,Ion Varta,Tatiana Varta,Gheorghe Negru,Mihai Tașcă,Viorica Olaru-Cemîrtan,Aurelia Felea,Elena Postică,Nicolae Enciu,Sergiu Chircă,Igor Cașu,Ludmila Tihonov,Sergiu Musteaţă,Petru Negură,Demir Dragnev,Pavel Parasca,Igor Șarov,Andrei Cușco / Language(s): Romanian

The book on Communist regimes in Eastern European countries

Arheologia și politicile de protejare a patrimoniului cultural în România.

Author(s): Irina Oberländer-Târnoveanu,Eugen S. Teodor,Marius Mihai Ciută,Sergiu Musteaţă,Elena Loredana Cozma,Alexandru Popa,Vitalie Josanu,Carmen Marian,Dragoş Gheorghiu,Livia Ștefan,Octavian Ciobanu,Katarzyna Jaroszek,Dan Dascălu,Cristina Ciobanu,Laurențiu Marin Dobre / Language(s): Romanian

The book is a collection of papers on archaeological heritage preservation and management in Romania

Two Decades of Development in Post-Soviet States: Successes and Failures

Author(s): Edward W. Walker,Ludmila Coadă,Andrey Chebotaryov,Malkhaz Matsaberidze,Shairbek Dzhuraev,Ivane Tsereteli,Gabriel Micu,Eduard Baidaus,Ciprian Ciuciu,Seyidabas Oglu Abasov,Rasa Čepaitienė,Arman Vardanyan,Tamara Vardanyan-Ayvazyan,Sergiu Musteaţă,Dan Dungaciu,Elizabeth A. Worden,Octavian Ţîcu,Sufian Zhemukov,Zardusht Alizade,Igor Grosu / Language(s): English

The book includes various chapters on post-soviet developments

Obrzędowość narodzinowa na Górnym Śląsku (izolacja położnicy). "Polski atlas etnograficzny" i "Atlas der deutschen Volkskunde" w perspektywie porównawczej

Author(s): Agnieszka Pieńczak / Language(s): Polish

Because this volume is not a monograph of selected Upper Silesian rural communities, it does not present the whole spectrum of cultural phenomena known in this area. Rather, it brings a comparative analysis demonstrating what can be deduced about the factors influencing cultural diversity on the basis of two national atlases: Polski atlas etnograficzny (PAE) and Atlas der deutschen Volkskunde (ADV). Both show geographically close cultural phenomena, which makes a comparative analysis possible. Because of the vast area they cover (from the Rhine in the west to the Bug River in the east and from the Alps and the Northern Carpathians in the south to the Baltic Sea and the North Sea in the north), they demonstrate the ranges of the analysed cultural phenomena in a broad context, thus allowing for various conclusions based on the ethnogeographic method. Still, as the comparative potential of both atlases is limited, it is here presented on the basis of selected examples drawn from birth rituals. They all concern enforced seclusion of the woman in labour observed in rural communities, an issue that has so far remained understudied in ethnological research. The volume is concerned not only with Upper Silesia but also with other areas. The analysis embraces the territory of Poland in its present borders and, additionally, regions explored for the purpose of ADV (at present Germany, the Czech Republic and Austria). Special attention is given to Silesia, with cultural artifacts and phenomena it shared with the neighbouring areas and those most characteristic of this particular region.Chapter 1 outlines the ethnogeographic method, especially in the context of its two importantinterpretive perspectives: geographic and abstract—spatial. It also demonstrates theusefulness of some ethnographic and dialectological atlases as sources for the study of theorigins and evolution of traditional culture. Referring to the experience of scholars whoapplied the ethnogeographic method in their interpretations, Chapter 2 highlights the specificcharacter of Silesia as an ethnic and cultural borderland. Chapter 3 presents most importantliterature on birth rituals and seclusion of the woman in labour in rural communities(beginning with the second half on the 19th century till the beginning of the 21st century). The next chapter discusses specific problems involved in the study of birth rituals conducted for the purpose of PAE and ADV. The final chapter focuses on the interpretation possibilitiesthat emerge when PAE and ADV are compared in terms of selected aspects of birth rituals.The analysis is limited to proscriptions enforcing isolation of the woman in labour which appear in source materials of both atlases. The following proscriptions are discussed: crossingthe threshold of the room or house, leaving the homestead, going to the cellar or to the attic,drawing water from the well, visiting neighbours and taking part in rural festivities. Theseissues are presented on fifteen innovative synthetic maps, fourteen of which demonstratethree different chronological cross-sections: one covering the beginning of the 1930s (theADV research), the next one ranging from 1969 to 1976 (the PAE research into birth rituals),and the last one concerning the years 2008–2011 (the PAE research conducted in several villages in Upper Silesia). The book contains a large number of detailed registers, includingtwo extensive annexes, a bibliography and a list of maps, figures, tables and charts. One ofthe annexes comprises a catalogued, numbered list of towns and villages referred to in PAE,where birth rituals were studied (1969–1976); the other presents the description of informantsfrom incoming groups which then inhabited Silesian villages. The type of analysis proposed in this volume concerns only selected aspects of birth rituals. Still, it clearly demonstrates that comparative studies based on Polski atlas etnograficzny and Atlas der deutschen Volkskunde are possible provided that two important conditions are met: thematic unity and typological similarity of the sources. Each of the atlases requires a special approach—a thorough study of its content in terms of the quantity and the themes, with a particular focus on the similarity of material classifications. The ranges of the majority of phenomena drawn from ADV, demonstrating the condition of rural culture in the first half on the 1930s and presented on contemporary maps, are usually vast and fall not only on the core of the former Reich but also on its peripheries, including a considerable portion of the western and northern territory of today’s Poland. These phenomena can therefore be considered as older, demonstrating a unique cultural communion of the area of Central Europe. They are typical not only of Silesia, as they have also been recorded in neighbouring regions. Differences appear with regard to the participation of women in labour in rural festivities—this specific prohibition seems to have been characteristic primarily of Upper Silesia; moreover, it tends to appear in reports of the inhabitants of this region even in present times, which is a signal of a certain cultural continuity. The ethnographic maps published in PAE and ADV allow for the conclusion that Silesia has always been a permanent borderland, an intermediate area, where the analysed phenomena could permeate from Western Europe directly or through Czechia and Moravia.It would be difficult to identify clear borders here or even peripheries. Numerous settlementprocesses tended to introduce not new forms but variations of older rituals, customs andbeliefs.

Синергетика в науках о человеке: прагматические аспекты

Author(s): Leonid A. Mosionjnic / Language(s): Russian

The book studies different aspects of how synergetics is applied in anthropological studies. Within less than fifty years of its existence, synergetics passed from being “a new word” in science to being a post-modernist fashion, to provoke an avalanche of severe and – in many ways – justified criticisms. It is now time to contemplate the content of this ‘new word’ and the scope within which synergetics can be applied in a justified and productive manner. A historian himself, the author focuses on the humanities, recurring to the mathematics only to the extent normally understood by majority of the humanities students.First, the author addresses a retrospection of alternating worldviews in mass consciousness and in science. He demonstrates how and why science arrived to a state when synergetic ideas became necessary and demanded. He then briefly explains main concepts of the synergetics, mainly focusing on their clear definitions and applicability. His special concern is with the problem of time, mainly how it is perceived by humans and reflected in social processes (‘the time for history’) and in disciplines that study these processes (‘the time for historians’). Also here, he raises the problem of ‘fact as a construct’, not in the sense of voluntary construction of facts, but rather in the sense of inherent complexity of ‘fact’ as a concept, its dependence on the point of view chosen by the researcher and the associated problems.Then the author addresses application of synergetics in particular research fields and uses the nomogenesis theory advanced by L.S. Berg in 1920s to demonstrate that application of synergetic ideas could save this theory from accusations in teleology and allow it to protect its scientific status. He then pays special attention to the attempts to use synergetics in historical studies (mainly in post-soviet space). Unfortunately, it has been a bitter experience, mainly, with many authors regarding this ‘new science’ as a new ideology or a post-modernist jargon. Such attempts have been critically analyzed. At the same time, there are also works demonstrating substantiated and productive application of synergetic ideas, such as works by A.P. Nazaretyan and M.E. Tkachuk, or by E.S. Kulpin-Gubaidullin, in general (although not without objections), etc. These authors and their ideas enjoy a special attention in this book. P. Teilhard de Chardin’s works have received a special recognition: he expressed many synergetic ideas well before I.P. Prigozhin and G. Hacken.A special chapter is dedicated to the problem advanced in the mid 1990s: can elaboration of functional models replace search of truth in science? Even those authors who insisted on this possibility, try to avoid post-modernism and transformation of science into a form of modern mythology. Polemic debates on this issue generated a thesis that pursuance of truth and construction of models, in fact, are not in confrontation to each other.Generally, the author draws the following conclusions. Synergetics, essentially, is a methodology, rather than a science, which further develops Hegel’s and Marx’s traditional dialectics (some Russian researchers have also made a similar conclusion). It can get rid of both too rigid cause-and-effect explanations in historical sciences and historical fatalism, while at the same time, preserve the scientific character. At the same time, it focuses on multivariance of historical and cultural process and allows distinguishing possible versions of further development in each particular case and capturing such factors (insignificant, sometimes), which may force social system to follow a certain way out of a number of potential choices. At the same time, the synergetic approach allows demonstrating the futility of social ideologies which regard a return to ‘simplicity’ – already unattainable in reality – as a panacea for all modern calamities. Moreover, as it is neutral towards religion, synergetics allows substantiating the new evolutionary theories that cover the inorganic nature and biological and social processes. At last, synergetic ideas have a great educational potential, which is proven by years of teaching.

Culture, Elites and European Integration. Volume III – History

Author(s): Iulian Boldea,Cornel Sigmirean,Simion Costea / Language(s): English

Argument In 1989, Romania, as the entire Eastern Europe, broke with communism, choosing instead the West European model of democracy. On the level of external politics, the demise of the Soviet Union encouraged Romania to realign its efforts toward the admission of the country in the Euro-Atlantic political-military structures. Hesitant at the beginning, as a consequence of the conservatory views of the main political leaders in power at the beginning of the 90’s, Romania signed the European Union Association Agreement in February 1993. For the Romanians it meant the long way of “coming back home” to Europe and assuming the values of democracy through the protection of fundamental human rights and the reconsideration of the policies concerning the national and confessional minorities. In 2004, Romania became a member of NATO together with Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovakia and Slovenia, and since the beginning of 2007, a member of the European Union. Romania’s integration in the Euro-Atlantic structures also meant for the Romanians a profound examination of their historical consciousness and the recovery of their European past. Certainly, history does not mean par excellence a unifying undertaking, but it can offer legitimacy, justification, and models for some of the present dilemmas. Nevertheless, we cannot ignore the educational potential of history. Thus, through national and international scientific studies and conferences, the historians can recompose the common past of the Romanians and other European peoples, the Europeanization process of the Romanian culture and society in the modern epoch and the birth of the Romanians’consciousness of Europeanness. Such an undertaking is also taken by the volume Culture, Elites and European Integration (Culture, Elites et Intégration européenne), which gathers the scientific papers of the Conference European Integration-Between Tradition and Modernity, organized on 27-28 October 2011. Undoubtedly, the Romanians have a common European historical past. Romania’s present space belonged to the Roman Empire for a long period of time during the antiquity. This way, the one Latin people in Eastern Europe was born, an important historical argument in their European option. Undergoing the major experiences that marked European history, from the separation of the Roman Empire into the Eastern and Western empires to the Great Schism in 1056 and later the birth of the national states at the beginning of the modern epoch, the Romanians formulated concrete options for the reintegration in the West European system of values. Subsequently, for the Romanians the entire process of the birth of modern society was under the sign of European values and models of society. Its turn under Soviet influence at the end of the Second World War changed Romania’s way from the European course, which it had followed since the 19th century. On a historiographical level, Romania’s European integration implies both a historical and a cultural process of re-evaluating its past. In this context, the studies in the present volume bring into light events, moments and projects that are relevant for the way the Romanians relate themselves to the common history of Europe.Cornel Sigmirean

Ethos rycerski w kulturze. Tradycje i kontynuacje. T. II: Ethos sarmacki i jego tradycje

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The second volume of this multiauthored monograph concerning the chivalric code aims to draw attention of those interested in the culture of Sarmatism and its traditions. The contributors include prominent literary and cultural scholars working on the Polish Republic of Nobles [szlachta]. Polish nobles were fascinated with the values originating in the ancient Rome and considered themselves as their rightful heirs. Even though the heroic acts among the Polish army in the 16th and 17th centuries were noted, the everyday life of the militaries back then was often detached from the high ideals derived from the chivalric code. Most of the contributions are concerned with the vernacular culture, literature, and writings in the 16th and 17th centuries; still, this work also consists of the chapters devoted to the traditions of Sarmatism recurring throughout the epochs much closer to our contemporary position.

Prizonieri de război români în Uniunea Sovietică. Documente (1941-1956)

Author(s): Laurenţiu Constantiniu,Ilie Schipor,Vitalie Văratic,Vladimir Ivanovich Korotaev,Vladimir Nikolaevich Kuzelenkov / Language(s): Romanian

Wybitni Rzymianie czasów schyłku Republiki. Gnejusz Pompejusz Wielki (106–48 przed Chrystusem)

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Polish

This publication is not a biography of Pompey the Great, since it contains several articles on various spheres of his public activity. The issues addressed in the articles have been selected by the individual authors, therefore the publication does not comprise a comprehensive picture of the life or activity of Pompey the Great. This book, however, deals with issues that are very unique, and not very often discussed in the studies concerning this outstanding Roman. The articles included in the book have been divided into several series of issues related to Pompey's military and political achievements, intellectual attributes of his and his associates, his emotional life, especially some of his marriages, his death and the future generations’ remembrance of this significant figure. Therefore the problems examined here may be of interest to the academics who deal with ancient history, especially with the last century of the Roman Republic, to history students, teachers and antiques-lovers or hobbyists, especially because of the fact that the issues have been addressed in an original, unique way, which is interesting and accessible.

Tyrants Writing Poetry

Author(s): / Language(s): English

As conventional understanding would have it, the sometimes brutal business of governing can only be carried out at the price of distance from art, while poetic beauty best flourishes at a distance from actions executed at the pole of power. Dramatically contradicting this idea is the fact that violent rulers are often the greatest friends of art, and indeed draw attention to themselves as artists.Why do tyrants of all people often have a particularly poetic vein? Where do terror and fiction meet? The cultural history of totalitarian regimes is unwrapped in ten case studies, in a comparative perspective. The book focuses on the phenomenon that many of the great despots in history were themselves writers. By studying the artistic ambitions of Nero, Mussolini, Stalin, Hitler, Mao Zedong, Kim Il-sung, Gaddafi, Saddam Hussein, Saparmurat Nyyazow and Radovan Karadzic, the studies explore the complicated relationship between poetry and political violence, and open our eyes for the aesthetic dimensions of total power.The essays make an important contribution to a number of fields: the study of totalitarian regimes, cultural studies, biographies of 20th century leaders. They underscore the frequent correlation between tyrannical governance and an excessive passion for language, and prove that the merging of artistic and political charisma tends to justify the claim to absolute power.

Kulturno – historijski spomenici Korduna s pregledom povijesti Korduna od prapovijesti do 1881.

Author(s): Filip Škiljan / Language(s): Croatian

Područje Korduna do današnjih dana nije sasvim točno definirano. Riječ Kordun potječe od francuske riječi cordon, što znači vrpca, red i niz. Radilo se, naime, u našem slučaju o nizu stražarnica koje su priječile prolaz Osmanlijama prema Habsburškoj Monarhiji. To znači da se ovo područje prije ranog novog vijeka, tj. u predturskom razdoblju, nije nazivalo Kordun. Naziv je zaživio tek nakon 1699. godine, kad je uspostavljena granica između Turaka i Austrije. Ulogu stražarnica vršili su srednjovjekovni burgovi koji su pretvoreni u granične karaule i čardaci koji su bili postavljeni na takvim međusobnim razdaljinama da su vizualno mogli jedni s drugima biti u kontaktu. Područje između Kupe i Male i Velike Kapele djelomično predstavlja veliku krašku ploču koja se spušta od juga prema sjeveru. To se područje još naziva i Slunjska ploča. Slunjska ploča počinje od rijeke Korane kod Drežnik-grada i završava sjeverno od Veljuna prema Krnjaku. Područje iste ovakve strukture nastavlja se na istok u Bosanskoj krajini do rijeke Une (teritorij Cazina, Velike Kladuše i, djelomično, Bihaća), a na sjeverozapad prema Ozaljskoj krajini i Beloj krajini u Sloveniji. Na istok od Korduna nalaze se Bosanska krajina i Banovina. Granica Korduna prema Bosanskoj krajini definirana je državnom granicom prema Bosni i Hercegovini, a prema Banovini granicama općine Gvozd, Topusko i Lasinja prema općini Glina.

Генуэзская Газария и Золотая Орда

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Russian

The second volume of academic papers “The Genoese Gazaria and the Golden Horde” is dedicated to the memory of an outstanding scholar, archaeologist, historian and numismatic, founder of the Russian School of Golden Horde archaeology, Professor of Moscow State University G. A. Fedorov-Davydov.By this volume, we wanted to address a few key issues raised in historical and archaeological studies of Byzantium, Genoese Gazaria and Golden Horde. Issue number one: we want to demonstrate possibilities for integration of different types of sources while studying broad historical problems through archaeological methods; number two — searching new ways to elucidation and understanding of different narratives of Eurasian medieval history through material culture; and number three — identification of specific features in material manifestations of vital activities by states, as a whole, and by their local regions, in particular.The articles collected in the second volume mainly address historical, geographical and archaeological studies of the vast Mongol Empire, which functioned across Eurasia in 12th—14th centuries. Having appeared in the 12th century, it then got divided into a number of new states, which, in their turn, were to cardinally change the political map of the Old World.

Древности. Исследования. Проблемы

Author(s): / Language(s): Russian

This volume has been prepared quickly, smoothly and cheerfully. This is, perhaps, because it is dedicated to the 70th birthday anniversary of a person who is always cheerful himself, an archaeologist, zealous and lucky researcher, a radiant personality and a very kind man, as well as a wonderful colleague and true friend of all good people – Nicolai Telnov.His journey in science has been long and fruitful: from Belgorod to Bucovina, from the Crimea to the Carpathians; expeditions and field surveys, libraries and museums; with shovel and satchel; with fantastic patience and sensational results, with vast experience and rich knowledge ready to share with his colleagues and disciples. Telnov’s realm is Tripolye and Scythians, Dacians and Slavs, medieval nomads and the old letters of the sad Lay of Igor’s Warfare. His inquisitive mind knows no limits, and we will be more than glad if this volume can serve him and other readers as a trigger to follow the thorny path of science in search of new insights.

Культурные взаимодействия. Динамика и смыслы

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Russian,German,Moldavian

This volume is dedicated to the 60th birthday anniversary of Igor Vasilyevich Manzura, leading Moldovan archaeologist and specialist in prehistory of South-Eastern Europe, Professor of the High Anthropological School University, member correspondent of the German Archaeological Institute, grantee of Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany) and IREX (USA). The articles in this volume cover a wide range of topics to match Igor Manzura's scientific interests — from Neolithic, Eneolithic and Bronze Age of our region to archaeological theory and anthropology. This publication is meant for archaeologists, anthropologists, historians of culture, students and wider circles of readers.

Moldova on the Way to Democracy and Stability. From the Post-Soviet Space towards the World of Democratic Values

Author(s): Igor Munteanu,Romaniţa Berghia-Revenco,Iulian Chifu,Iulian Fruntașu,Nicolae Chirtoacă,Valeriu Prohniţchi,Dan Dungaciu,Ion Naval,Radu Gorincioi / Language(s): English

Since the disintegration of the USSR in 1991, Republic of Moldova has made clear progress towards the consolidation of its state, of its military and civil institutions, making itself notable on the geopolitical map of Europe. However, Moldova seems to be still scarcely present on the mental maps of the decision-makers from the West. Unlike the Baltic nations, that embedded themselves into the mind of the European public as a cohesive group of free nations, distinct from their poorer neighbors (Belarussians, Russians or Ukrainians, whit their more violent history after the disintegration of the Soviet Union), Moldova was approached with prudence if not completely neglected so that when important EU officials have remembered, after 2003, about the post-soviet origins of this republic, the Chisinau diplomacy felt offended. // The book provides a conceptual and analytic foundation for addressing the agenda of the security sector reform in Moldova. Given the tremendous tasks that have challenged Moldova in the last decade we all expect that the energy and commitment of its political, economic and cultural elites will be at least equivalent to it. By “anatomizing”, these crisis-prone issues have invited us to reflect upon their complex interdependence, as well as towards effective policies in Moldova.