A Monarch in Petticoat: Metaphors of the Body in Queen Elizabeth’s Representations

Author(s): Erzsébet Stróbl / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

Queen Elizabeth’s forty-five year reign is marked by refined representational strategies that aim to justify her rule as queen. One of the central issues she continuously addressed was female authority that defied traditional interpretations of the role of women within society. Instead of avoiding the question of her gender, Queen Elizabeth’s speeches, prayers and portraits consciously included corporeal references both to refute misogynist arguments and to manipulate gendered references as validation of female power. The article will analyse the metaphors of body in the Queen’s rhetoric and official representation in order to underline their significance as means to justify queenship in sixteenth-century England.

A Multi-perspective Focus on the State

Author(s): Valentin Kitanov / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Seeking to present the State from a different perspective, the book examines both classical and modern theories of the emergence of the State, as well as the historical typology and evolution of the State over time. By applying a different approach, it seeks to overcome the confines of single disciplines, such as history, political science, sociology, law and anthropology among others. In practice, the book traces the history of the institution ‘state’ from the Antiquity to the Modern Age. Paev, K. The State from Antiquity to Modern Age: Theoretical and Historical Questions. Second revised edition: Sofia, Paradigma Publishing House, 2020, 220 p., ISBN 978-954-326-424-7

A Picatrix fejezeteinek tartalmi összefoglalója

Author(s): Monika Frazer-Imregh / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2020

A Post-Byzantine Sketchbook in the British Museum Library (MS Add. 43868)

Поствизантийски иконографски наръчник в библиотеката на Британския музей (MS Add. 43868)

Author(s): Kalliopi-Phaidra Kalafati / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

The manuscript MS Add. 43868, an illuminated sketchbook of Post-Byzantine painting, was the object of my research during my postgraduate studies at the Courtauld Institute of Art of the University of London. The illuminated sketchbook MS Add. 43868 first became known by two publications of the British Museum in 1935 and 1936. It was first presented in 1935 by Eric G. Millar at the British Museum and from 1945 onwards it forms part of the manuscript department of its Library. It measures 19.5x14.5 cm and its cover is lined with dark brown later leather. It consists of 63 folios of white paper foliated in the top right corner of the recto pages. The manuscript contains text and drawings in black ink. The texts consist of technical instructions on rendering an icon, therapeutic recipes, religious writings and notes. Most of the drawings depict saints, scenes from their lives, Christological and Theometoric episodes, angels and decorative motifs. Hence, the drawings as well as the texts that occupy the pages of the illuminated sketchbook must have been produced after 1784 and 1785.

A POSTCOLONIAL PERSPECTIVE OF A VOYAGE TO EGYPT IN THE TRAVELOGUE UNDER THE AFRICAN SUN BY MILORAD RAJČEVIĆ

Author(s): Uroš Matić / Language(s): English / Issue: 31/2020

Milorad Rajčević (1890–1964), a famous Serbian traveller, adventurer, and travelogue writer, also went to Egypt in 1921 as part of his world travels. Impressions and experiences from his travels were published consecutively in Belgrade magazine Little Journal and in the form of monographs Under the African Sun (1924 and 1925) and In the Far East (1930). These writings provide us with an important insight into the Serbian bourgeois class image of both ancient Egypt and Egypt in the time Rajčević made his journey. His impressions and experiences from Egypt were transmitted through his travelogue Under the African Sun and were shaped by colonial discourse of a European traveller. It provides us with an insight into the attitudes towards ancient and modern Egypt before academic interest in studying ancient Egyptian past in Serbia. The travelogue contains numerous Orientalist ideas about Arabic population of Egypt. From the point of view of history of archaeology, particularly important are his comments on progress and modernisation. In that context, his comparisons of European with Ancient Egyptian cultural and technical achievements play a significant role. This paper analyses the content of the travelogue Under the African Sun from a postcolonial perspective and argues that although certain ideas inherent to colonial episteme of his time can be recognized, it is not possible to pinpoint the exact sources Rajčević used.

A Sailboat Sketch: Dating a Constructive Phase of the Old Cemetery Chapel of Pantokrator Monastery, Mount Athos

Рисунката на един кораб като инструмент за датиране на стария погребален параклис на манастира Пантократор, Света гора

Author(s): Phaidon Hadjiantoniou / Language(s): English,Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2019

Raised on an older building, the mid-14th century Pantokrator monastery, founded by two brothers Byzantine aristocrats, was extended in 15th – 16th century in expenses of Romanian donors. Dedicated to St Athanasius the Athonite, the old cemetery chapel is a modestly sized two-room building located out of the monastery. Several 11th – 12th century marble constructive and decorative members are embedded in the masonry, while on the interior wall, over the entrance, a 16th century sailboat pencil sketch is dating in the same period the last important constructive phase of the narthex’ pavement.

A Tapuya “Equestrian Nation”?

Horses and Native Peoples in the Backlands of Colonial Brazil

Author(s): Felipe Vander Velden / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This article brings together and analyzes several historical sources to argue that an equestrian culture or horse nation emerged (albeit briefly) among certain indigenous groups known as Tapuya in the sertão badlands of northeastern Brazil. Based on Portuguese and Dutch accounts from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, I suggest that while the expansion of cattle ranching in this region was certainly marked by violence and brutality, this movement also permitted Amerindian peoples to make various connections and carry out a number of new activities including incorporating the horse and technologies associated with raising and riding horses, and to use these resources in pursuing indigenous social, economic and political goals.

A Tüköry-kastél y Diósszentpálon. Tervezték, Különlenyomat a „Magyar Mérnök – és Építész Egylet Közlönyé“-ből, XXXIX, Bpest, 1905., 501.-505.

Author(s): Gyula Sándy / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2019

A Tüköry-kastél y Diósszentpálon. Tervezték, Különlenyomat a „Magyar Mérnök – és Építész Egylet Közlönyé“-ből, XXXIX, Bpest, 1905., 501.-505.

About appearance of mega-hillforts in the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe in the early Scythian time: the search for an explanatory model

Author(s): Marina Daragan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

Ancient mega constructions are always a bright,unusual and somehow even mysterious phenomenon that stands aside from other ordinary manifestations. In Eastern Europe, on the territory ofthe Ukrainian forest-steppe region, this phenomenon included giant hillforts of the Scythian period with the internal area from 70 to more than5000 hectares. Undoubtedly, the genesis of thehuge constructions was caused by certain historical collisions; however, their clues involve currently much guesswork. But a scholar might offerhis own explanatory models with reference to thisphenomenon. And this is the essence of archaeological science. It should be noted that the concept“mega” is essentially an abstract term. One shouldraise a question: “mega” compared to what?“Mega” with regards to the fortifications of thepreceding periods erected on this particular territory before the emergence of the phenomenon instudy? This same approach should be applied atthe comparison to the fortified settlements datedto later periods.

About the Authors

Author(s): Mihaela Gligor / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2021

Abrevieri

Author(s): Laurenţiu Rădvan,Mihai-Bogdan Atanasiu / Language(s): English,Romanian,French,German / Issue: 66/2020

Academic Historiography in Azerbaijan at the Crossroads of Time (1989-1991)

Author(s): Irada Baghirova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

The scientific development in the USSR has come a long way. Despite all the obstacles posed during its formation and development, it has reached a reasonably high level by the mid-1980s. This achievement was mainly in the natural and technical sciences. The progress was determined by the USSR’s desire to keep the palm in space exploration, nuclear physics, petrochemistry, and other sciences of strategic importance for the country’s development. In these areas, contacts were established with world scientific centers and exchange of scientific achievements took place. As a result, Soviet scientists became winners of prestigious international awards, including the Nobel Prizes. As for the humanities and especially the social sciences, the dominance of Marxist-Leninist ideology and the corresponding interpretation of historical events significantly affected the development of Soviet sciences and reaching the world level quality. Until the mid-1990s, political history as an area of science of history, practically, did not exist. The “History of the CPSU” and the “History of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan” virtually monopolized the multifaceted nature of political themes, reducing it to the apologetics of the party history. Everything changed with the beginning of ‘Perestroika’ and ‘Glasnost’ (the officially announced publicity policy). As a result, the previously unknown pages of the past of the country and national republics became public. Almost every day, there were sensational publications of various authors published by popular magazines and newspapers, which also printed previously classified documents from historical archives. Traditional historical researchers and academicians were in shock. It was not easy for historians to abandon the 70-year-old account of history tied to ideological dogmas; the crisis associated with the loss of orientation was overcome with great difficulty and mainly by young historians. In the late 1980s, foreign historians, who studied the history of Azerbaijan, began visiting the country. Until that time, their existence was known only to a narrow circle of historians, who worked with foreign literature in specialized repositories of local and central libraries. For the first time, Azerbaijani historians left the USSR in 1990, when a conference was held at the University of London on the history of the South Caucasus. The event was attended by historians from Azerbaijan, Armenia, and Georgia, as well as the so-called Sovietologists - scientists from Great Britain, the USA, and France. It is symbolic that in the same year in Moscow the last all-Union conference on political history was held. The event was attended by scientists from the Soviet republics, which declared independence the following year.

ACLAMAȚIILE ȘI PUTEREA POLITICĂ ÎN IMPERIUL BIZANTIN ȘI ȚĂRILE ROMÂNE

Author(s): Eduard Rusu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 39/2020

The acclamations were an important and defining part of the Byzantine court ceremony. A poetic-musical species, they were permanently present around the emperor, highlighting his authority and superiority over others, but also the divine source of his power, as he was considered to be the messenger and later the anointed of God. In both his political and spiritual capacity as leader, the basileus was congratulated during each public appearance by chanting these acclamations, with a rich theological meaning, not only by the members of political factions – the most important being the “Greens” and the “Blues”– but also by the people, the one who represents the collective character in the context of these manifestations. The acclamations were also a way of communicating and expressing support or even disapproval of the masses towards the policy pursued by the sovereign or towards any other aspect of public interest. Regarding the Romanian Principalities, although much diminished in importance and symbolism compared to the Byzantine ones, the acclamations had rather a key role during the ceremony at the princely court. On the Romanian territory, they can be found most frequently in the context of the ceremonial enthronement of one of the two countries, as this was the most representative moment in the life of a ruler, as well as the most important opportunity to manifest and highlight his power.

Acta historiae medicinae, stomatologiae, pharmaciae, medicinae veterinariae

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Serbia

ACTIVITIES OF AKAKI KHOSHTARIA IN PERSIA

Author(s): MAMUKA JOLBORDI,NINO LIPARTELIANI / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

The XIX-XX centuries Georgia remembers many rich and influential merchants.They were not only good businessmen but also philanthropists and patrons. The name of Akaki Khoshtaria is associated with the production and transportation of petroleum products in the South Caucasus, the production of mechanical and agricultural machinery, the production of soap and oil. Akaki Khoshtaria's main industrial-commercial arena was Persia. The Persian government authorized A. Khoshtaria to drill oilfields by bore-holes in five northern provinces of Iran, West and East Azerbaijan, Gilan, Mazandaran and Khorasan on the basis of a concession. Here Akaki Khoshtaria built an electron-operated factory, had many workshops, owned a monopoly on soap production, fish farms, traded by wool, here he built a special railway (the first railway in Iran), founded a transport company and was the first to import automobiles to Iran. The name of Akaki Khoshtaria is less known to the modern society. The twentieth century erased everything about him, only information, told by other people are remained, which determined the purpose of our research. The theoretical and practical significance of the article is determined by the relevance of the issues under study, it is the theoretical significance that determined the main direction of the study -the identification of Akaki Khoshtaria as separate aspects of entrepreneurial activity. As for practical significance, it is obvious that the life and work of this entrepreneur is valuable even at the present stage.

Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė, Tatjana Voronič, Darius Žiemelis. Modernėjantys Vilnius, Kaunas, Gardinas: miestų plėtra ir sanitarinės infrastruktūros pokyčiai 1870–1914 metais.

Author(s): Liudas Glemža / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 18/2020

Review of: Aelita Ambrulevičiūtė, Tatjana Voronič, Darius Žiemelis. Modernėjantys Vilnius, Kaunas, Gardinas: miestų plėtra ir sanitarinės infrastruktūros pokyčiai 1870–1914 metais. Vilnius: Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2019

Afişul social postbelic – mijloc de informare publică (din patrimoniul Muzeului Naţional de Istorie a Moldovei)

Author(s): Vera Stavilă / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 2/2020

The social poster of the Soviet period was one of the main tools for influencing public opinion, an effective means of communication, reflecting significant problems of society. The process of creating posters was very complicated, requiring the work of a large number of specialists: artists, writers, poets, journalists. There was a special commission to control the process of creating social posters. The post-war social poster is characterized by great expressiveness, colorfulness, poignancy, sometimes even aggressiveness, laconic text and a thought-provoking image that is quickly perceived and clearly conveys the meaning of the message. The highest quality paper was used to print these posters, so they could last a long time even in outdoor conditions. Paints for images and text were also selected very carefully. In general, the mission of the posters was to inform the population about the initiatives of the Soviet state, to form citizens’ attitudes to various problems, to create new social values. In this regard, the posters were diverse in theme and message, as well as format and design. However, most often they called for the development of agriculture, the fight against alcoholism and drug addiction, a healthy lifestyle, etc.

Afterword: The Time of Terror, the Time of Remembrance

Author(s): Przemyslaw Urbanczyk / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2021

AJUTORUL CARE N-A MAI VENIT

Author(s): Dan Prahase / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 19/2020

The first part of this study briefly presents the campaign led by General Bonaparte in Italy between 1796–1797. The second part is dedicated to the campaign carried out by the same general in Egypt and Syria between 1798–1799. The events are exposed, in particular, from the perspective of the participation, in the two mentioned campaigns, of the writer Ioan Budai-Deleanu: besieged at Mantua and waiting for the help of the border guards of Năsăud in the first one and then a captain in the French army in the second one.

AKCJE WYSIEDLEŃCZE UKRAIŃCÓW-ŁEMKÓW W POLSCE W LATACH 1944–1950

Author(s): Roman Drozd Roman Drozd / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2020

The displacement of the Lemko population and all Ukrainians living in Poland in the years 1944-1950 was a consequence of the national policy of the communist Polish authorities. Their goal was to transform Poland into a mono-national state. The basic way to achieve this goal was to force national minorities to leave Poland and to apply assimilation measures to the rest. That is why, in 1947, the operation "Vistula" was carried out, as part of which the remaining Ukrainian-Lemkos were deported to the western and northern territories of Poland and assimilated.