We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
![[Inter]sections](/api/image/getjournalcoverimage?id=inter-sections-1528.jpg)
[Inter]sections is the annual double-blind peer reviewed journal of American Studies at the University of Bucharest (ISSN 2068 – 3472). The language of the journal is English (US). Its first peer reviewed issue came out in 2009. From 2009 to 2012, it was a quarterly peer-reviewed publication. Between 2012 and 2014, [Inter]sections was on hiatus. It returned in 2015 as an annual double-blind peer reviewed open access publication.
More...
The article describes the history of the 5th Infantry Division in the first yearsafter the ending of World War II. The division was created in 1944 and tookpart in the battles of the Second Polish Army on the Eastern Front in 1945.After the war finished, the division became part of the Military District No.V Poznan and was deployed in garrisons in the Lubusz Land. It opened a newperiod in its history, in the difficult first post-war years. The article discusses its organizational changes, training of soldiers, educational activities, participationin agricultural work and in the battles with the Polish independence undergroundin the eastern Polish territories. The modernization of the Polish armyin 1949 brought significant changes in the organization and dislocation of thedivision, at the same time opening another chapter in its history
More...
The 57th Parliament researchers’ congress “World Assemblies and Parliaments: from the Middle Ages till Present Days” took place in September 6 - 9 in Paris. Congress participants worked in different sections in the National Assembly, Senate (the Palace of Luxemburg) and Sorbonne University. Three hundred researchers from the whole world participated in the congress, and they contributed about 130 presentations. Ramunė Šmigelskytė-Stukienė discussed the political situation of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the second half of the 18th century and the functioning of the small sejms of pavietai (an administrative districts in Lithuania and Poland). The participants arrived at a unanimous conclusion that in the early New Age in different European countries and regions the relationship between the centre and the provinces was based on clientele system; in the 18th century this system was replaced by new political elite which consisted not only of noblemen but representatives of other estates.
More...
After restoring Independence in Lithuania, there has not been a separate research carried out which would contain an in-depth analysis of the quality of activities presented in history textbooks used in general education schools. Therefore, the following research problem is raised in this article: whether the activities presented in the history textbooks for 5th–8th grades that are currently in use in Lithuanian general education schools are suitable for developing the achievements in history subject which are defined in the General Curriculum Framework. The aim of this study is to investigate the suitability of history textbook activities for 5th–8th grades for developing pupils‘ achievements delineated in the General Curriculum Framework 2008. To reach this aim the following objectives were raised: 1) to discuss the key achievements in history subject as well as the requirements for history learning process that are highlighted in scientific literature and educational programmes; 2) to reveal the role of a textbook and its activities / activities system for improving pupils’ achievements in accordance to Lithuanian education documents and scientific literature; 3) to analyse the suitability of history textbook activities for 5th–8th grades for improving pupils’ knowledge and skills delineated in the General Curriculum Framework for Basic Education 2008 for the subject of history. Methods of research:analysis of education documents and scientific literature, analysis of textbook content. Data of the analysis revealed that more than half of the tasks in the investigated history textbooks for 5th–8th grades require from pupils knowledge and understanding of historical figures, events or cases depicted in a textbook. Fewer than a quarter of the analysed history textbook activities are designed to developing pupils’ ability to put knowledge into practice. Very few tasks presented in textbooks are intended for developing the capacity for more complicated reasoning. Whilst analysing the adaptation of activities in history textbooks for 5th–8th grades for developing pupils‘ competencies in the subject, it became clear that the activities are only partially suitable for developing the competencies delineated in the General Curriculum Framework. The greater part of tasks is designed for developing an understanding of historical evolution and ability to engage in historical analysis and interpretation. Only 4.3 percent of tasks induce the pupils to develop an ability to orientate in historical time and space. The analysed textbooks contain few activities that would motivate pupils to take an integral approach towards Lithuanian and world history.
More...
The following article is dedicated to the 60th anniversary of the Museum of National Revival in Varna. The text begins with a short summary of the museum’s history from its founding in 1959 until 2006, when the exposition was moved to its current address – 21 Dr. L. Zamenhoff St. The second part of the material presents the exposition along with its more interesting or important cultural valuables, the types of collections held in the repository and the exhibitions the museum has organized in the last 13 years or has been invited to participate in. In the References are presented books and articles that have studied the different themes from the museum’s expositions or have published some of its cultural valuables.
More...
The National library “St. St. Cyril and Methodius” commemorated formally the 65 anniversary of “Biblioteka” magazine – with an exhibition and premier of the newly released Thematic index for the period 2006–2018. Among the guests were members of the Editorial staff – Associate Prof. Anna Angelova, director of University library, Dr. Silvia Naidenova, director of the Central Library of BAS, Elizabetha Georgieva, director of the National library “Detko Petrov” in Tsaribrod, Serbia, Mr. Vesselin Todorov, Executive director of SIELA NORMA Ltd, Associate Prof. Vasil Zagorov from UNIBIT and others. The event was attended also by authors of the magazine – the doyen of Bulgarian Book science prof. Ani Gergova, prof. Stoyanka Kenderova, prof. Alexandra Kumanova and others.
More...
ALONSO, Pedro Ignacio – PALMAROLA, Hugo. Flying Panels: How Concrete Panels Changed the World. Stockholm: ArkDes, DOM Publishers, 2019, 264 p. ISBN 978-3-86922-563-0.
More...
BRENNER, Neil. New Urban Spaces: Urban Theory and the Scale Question. New York: Oxford University Press, 2019, 461 p. ISBN 978-0190627195.
More...
Based on the analysis of documents from the Czechoslovak and Yugoslav archive collections, the paper deals with the emigration of Czechoslovak citizens to the West through the territory of socialist Yugoslavia. Even though this phenomenon appeared already in the 1960s with the boom of Czechoslovak mass tourism on the Adriatic coast, our chronological focus lies on the 1970s and 1980s. During this period of so-called “normalisation”, the Yugoslav road became one of the most important paths of emigration to the Western countries. The paper argues that despite the efforts of Czechoslovak communist government to hinder the emigration, the urgent need to grant the raising consumption demands on the side of citizens, drove Husák’s leadership to gradually loosen the requirements for tourist trips to Yugoslavia. Thus, in the mid-1980 far more than half a million of Czechoslovaks were allowed to spend their vacations on the Yugoslav sea per year, even if thousands of them used this opportunity to flee to the West.
More...
The institutional organization of the American cultural diplomacy from the end of the First World War and the full engagement of the United States in the Second World War was an experimental, reactive, and unsubstantial policy. Even though the idea of using culture or arts as diplomatic tools was rejected by many governmental officials, there were many personalities like President Roosevelt, who foresaw that the power of art and culture represents an important part of states’ foreign policy. In fact, since the Cold War till now, cultural diplomacy has acquired special significance becoming an important instrument that operates among the other diplomatic methods.
More...
Catholic University of Lublin (until 1928 named University of Lublin) is the oldest university in Lublin and one of the oldest Polish universities. It was established in 1918, at a time of huge significance to the Polish statehood. It was then, after 123 years of captivity, that Poland regained its independence. The founder of the university, Father Idzi Radziszewski, assumed that the new academic centre would educate lawyers alongside the specialists in theology, humanities and church studies. Therefore, the moment when the university was established was also when the Faculty of Law and Socio-economic Sciences came into being. Despite the enormous enthusiasm that accompanied the establishment of the university, its various faculties, and the emerging opportunities to educate law students, severe difficulties were looming over the new legal faculty. The most acute of these difficulties were the lack of professorial staff and the lack of authorization to award law degrees and diplomas. If it were not for the appropriate actions taken by the University and Faculty authorities, these problems could have led to the rapid shutdown of the Faculty. In the former case, the professors of other Polish universities were asked to assist the didactic endeavours of the Lublin Faculty of Law through temporary or full-time employment at the Catholic University of Lublin. A positive response came from various academic centres, among which the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences of the Jan Kazimierz University in Lviv deserves special recognition. It were the Lviv professors in particular who commuted to Lublin to work at the Faculty of Law, and in many cases also performed diverse administrative functions. The latter problem was also solved with the help of the Lviv University. When the graduates of the Lublin Faculty of Law were not able to obtain their graduation diplomas locally, these were issued by the Lviv Faculty of Law. As a result, during the first few years of the academic activity in Lublin, the students educated at the Catholic University of Lublin earned a diploma from the University of Lviv. It was a solution that led to certain organisational complications, yet it was the only feasible option in the circumstances when the state authorities constantly delayed granting KUL full rights to confer academic degrees. Naturally, the outbreak of World War II was another challenge for the existence of the University and the Faculty. After twenty years of its early-stage organizational effort and activity, the University of Lublin had to suspend its operation for a few years, to finally resume its life it in more advantageous times. To this day, the Catholic University of Lublin has been functioning and developing dynamically, and the problems that occurred several decades ago contributed to its development. This difficult history paved the way for the university and the Faculty of Law to function and thrive for over a hundred years.
More...
A Collective Find of Molds for Casting Bronze Objects from the Middle Rhodops
More...
Knowledge of the number and location of mines of the ancient periods has been the subject of common research between archaeologists and archaeo-mineralogists. The scientific significance of the subject becomes apparent when the direct relation between the power of the ancient rulers and number of the mines they owned is perceived. The gold and silver mines, like today, were accounted as the main economic credit and backing of the ancient states. Although mixing silver with other metals was used to produce diverse metal artefacts, silver on its own was most popular for minting coins. Since coin was a symbol of the sovereignty of rulers and an indicator of the economic power of ancient civilizations, silver mining was probably one of the main activities of the ancient craftsmen. The main aim of this research is to investigate the conditions surrounding, and the techniques used for, extraction of silver from different mines during the reign of Alexander of Macedon, Seleucid rulers (336-129 BC), and Parthian kings (247 BC-224 AD). The kings, whose coins are studied in this research, ruled in Iran from 4th -1st BC. This research is focused on the laboratory results obtained from XRF tests on 24 coins belonging to the mentioned kings.The analysis of the results revealed that despite the advanced technology used for recovering silver from zinc and lead mines in the Seleucid era, the Parthian craftsmen were not highly skilled in this field. In other words, the silver recovery technology was more advanced in the Seleucid era than the Parthian period
More...
The mutation of the villa in the Western Roman Empire is a key element to our understanding of the transformation of the rural landscape between Late Antiquity and the Early Medieval Period. The archaeology of this transitional phase has long been identified and has been dated to between the 3rd century in some regions and as late as the 6th and 7th centuries and in other areas; however, it is only in the last 20 years that work has begun to examine the phenomenon in detail, with a number of regional studies emerging and a few larger but primarily non-empirical studies undertaken. Despite this, an overarching unified conceptual approach is lacking with little or no attention payed to the trajectories of individual sites. This paper intends to develop and demonstrate a new approach to the phenomenon of villa change, establishing a clear classification system, augmenting the work done by Chavarría (2004) and Ripoll and Acre (2000), categorising the different elements of transformation and applying this to the development of site trajectories It will also discuss the basis and feasibility of a standardised terminology to refer to these diverse features, replacing the biased catch-all phrase ‘squatter occupation’.
More...
A Database Model for Social History: Historical Data Grinder and the Transylvanian Society of 19th and 20th Centuries – The study presents a new model for building a historical database, namely, the Historical Data Grinder (HDG). It is based on the EAV design model developed in bio-medicine and it offers some advantages for the historian especially when dealing with a large variety of heterogeneous sources. The database is very flexible and has a simple architecture, with fewer tables and relations when compared to a relational database. The HDG database has the possibility to store any kind of historical information with no limitations regarding the time period, geographic area or thematic range to which reference is made, and is also suitable as a teaching and experimental tool.
More...
This article brings distinct strands of the political economy of communication and economic geography together in order to theorise the role digital technologies play in Marxian crisis theory. Capitalist advances into digital spaces do not make the law of value obsolete, but these spaces do offer new methods for displacing overaccumulated capital, increasing consumption, or accumulating new, cheaper labour. We build on David Harvey’s theory of the spatial fix to describe three digital spatial fixes, fixed capital projects that use the specific properties of digital spaces to increase the rate of prof- it, before themselves becoming obstacles to the addictive cycle of accumulation: the primitive accumulation of time in the social Web, the annihilation of time by space in highfrequency trading, and affect rent in virtual worlds. We conclude by reflecting on how these digital spatial fixes also fix the tempo of accumulation and adjust the time-scale of Marxian crisis theory.
More...
We examine herein the golden plaque identified in the looted Sarmatian grave identified at Dunaharaszti. On its surface are rendered three wolves (?) running left and a tamga, all in relief. The tamga is in the shape of two adjoining volutes. The loops are waving inward on the first, and outward on the second. The symbol is believed similar to that ascribed to king Farzoios for whom Olbia struck golden coin grosso modo by the end of AD the 50’ies – end of the 70’ies. Tamga symbols of king Farzoios are mainly known from coins and are in the shape of two half-circles set by the extremities and joined by a vertical line.Upon the examination of the symbol on the plaque from Dunaharaszti it was noted that parallels mentioned for it differ much, while its’ ascribing to king Farzoios farfetched. The author agrees that tamgas with certain deviations from those on the coins for Farzoios had belonged to other individuals, likely, from amongst the group led by this king or from within a group of Sarmatians under the control of the kingdom of Farzoios.The author mentions for the tamga on this plaque a few analogies identical or similar from the north-Pontic area, arguing that some are specific to the region on the right bank of the Dniper. In terms of dating, it is noted they are specific mainly to the period comprised between mid 1st century AD and mid 2nd century AD. It is further mentioned that in the north-Pontic area tamgas with parts similar with that from Dunaharaszti are numerous (in particular, the volutes with loops waving inwards), yet, these are not parallels with the tamga discussed here, according to the author.Last but not least it was noted that the tamga on the plaque at Dunaharaszti is practically the single authentic symbol on a valuable object from the Sarmatian Iazyges environment of the Great Hungarian Plain. Another observation is related to the fact that the tamgas in the Sarmatian Iazyges environment of the Great Hungarian Plain come from a series of finds that span over a period of ca. three centuries, while their number is insignificant. The small number of the tamgas in the Sarmatian Iazyges environment confirms they were used by a restricted number of Sarmatian tribes, the Iazyges from the Great Hungarian Plain not included. This further underlines also that tamgas in the Germanic environment were not adopted from the Iazyges, but reached the Germanic peoples upon contacts and military conflicts with the Sarmatian world from the north-west Pontic area.The plaque at Dunaharaszti dates most likely to the second half of the 1st century AD and reached the Great Hungarian Plain sometime towards the end of the 1st century AD (AD 80’ies) when very likely another Sarmatian migration occurred in the area. The tamga on the plaque evidences, according to the author, the presence in this area of the elites and is evidence, given the approximate period of Farzoios’s rule, that not those Sarmatians in the first wave carried the plaque to the Great Hungarian Plain. This confirms, together with other finds, that the Sarmatians entered this area in a few waves over the second half of the 1st century AD, possibly even by its end. Also, it is concluded that part of those migrating to the area were connected or even formed part for a short while from the Sarmatian group led by Farzoios and Inismeos.Lastly, it is not excluded that the plaque from Dunaharaszti indicates, beside a series of artefacts and elements from several archaeological finds, the presence within the wave of Sarmatians that entered the Great Hungarian Plain of individuals from the elites of the Sarmatians (Alani/Aorsi) who settled the north-west Pontic area starting with mid 1st century AD. This is possible, according to the author, should one keep in mind also that such elite might have been involved in the Iayzgian aristocracy from the north-west Pontic area. Regardless the facts, it is very likely that its representatives played an important role within this wave.
More...
The historical event of “Trianon” is the most neuralgic point in the history of the Carpathian Basin. This period (1918-1920) means the disintegration of “Historic Hungary” and the separation of nationalities from Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. The results of the national-aspirations of independence was the establishment of new “nation states” in the Carpathian Basin. Czechoslovakia as a multiethnic nation state was also created in 1918. The professional historians today agree that the Treaty of Trianon has many factors and different precedents. The new minority-communities had a “traumatic experience”, because they separated from Hungary and they became citizens of the new states. The paper explains this problem – the empire-changes – as a longer process. The study focuses on the progression of “Trianon” in Czechoslovakia. In the frame of our research we examine a South-Slovakian city – Érsekújvár. The aim of this paper is to present events which happened in the city during the end of 1918 and the beginning of 1919. After the empire-changes, Érsekújvár became an ethnically mixed (Slovakian-Hungarian)city. In my research I use archival sources from the Archive of District Office in Érsekújvár and press materials, more specifically, a regional newspaper Érsekújvár és Vidéke [Érsekújvár and its region] and some state newspapers. I also examine remembrances.
More...
The discovery of a fragment of a Hunnic cauldron by a metal detectorist acted as the springboard of this study, in which various aspects of Hunnic cauldrons are discussed: their findspots and find contexts, their typology, their dating and their origins. Questions regarding the broader cultural context of Hunnic cauldrons in the Roman and the Hunnic Empires are also addressed, as are their functional, ritual and social dimensions. The archaeological findings are complemented by metallographic analyses that shed light not only on the composition of the cauldron, but also on its possible use.
More...
Close to the outbreak of World War I, the relationships between the Kingdom of Romania and the Tsarist Empire were not warm. Tsar Nicholas II decided to pay a visit to Romania, aimed at improving relationships with King Carol I. On 1 June 1914 the tsar arrived in Constanța harbour. It was the first official visit of a Russian head of state to Romania in the 20th century. The tsar had talks with King Carol I, with Prime Minister Ion I. C. Brătianu and with the Foreign Affairs Minister Emanoil Porumbaru. The tsar was seconded by the Foreign Affairs Minister Sergey Dmitryevich Sazonov. The consequence of this official visit was that Romania preserved its neutrality status from 1914 to 1916.
More...