A new exploratory project: The ethnoarchaeology of salt in the Inner Carpathian area of Romania

Author(s): Valerii Kavruk,Roxana-Gabriela Curcă / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

This new ethnoarchaeological research project focuses on the inner-Carpathian area of Romania. The archaeological and ethnographic vestiges of salt exploitation in this area are among the most consistent in Europe. They are closely interconnected and reveal the continuity of salt exploitation in the same locations from prehistory to the present. From the methodological point of view, the project avail itself of the experience gained and validated by the projects carried out under the aegis of the “Al. I. Cuza” University of Iași and of the National Museum of the Eastern Carpathians in collaboration with prominent research centres from France, UK, US, and Germany. The new project will tackle a number of new issues, including the reconstruction of the prehistoric salt-exploitation techniques that employed wooden installations such as those unearthed in a number of archaeological sites from northern Transylvania and Maramureș, the transport of salt along streams with limited discharges, and others. New research methods will also be tested, such as the virtual simulation of certain salt-exploitation technological processes.

A New Thracian Name From Dacia? AD CIL III 294

A New Thracian Name From Dacia? AD CIL III 294

Author(s): Alexander Falileyev / Language(s): English / Issue: 18/2009

A place of Life and Death. Burials and human bone finds in the Iron Age settlement at Saharna Mare / ”Dealul Mănăstirii”: archaeological data and anthropological analysis

Author(s): Mihail Băţ,Angela Simalcsik,Aurel Zanoci / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2019

Among the numerous vestiges of the Iron Age at Saharna Mare / “Dealul Mănăstirii”, there are 11 finds of human remains, which are of particular in¬terest for the interdisciplinary research of the site. In this article, we propose combining archaeological data with anthropological ones. The analyzed skele¬tal material comes from six types of archaeological contexts: “cultic structure”, “ditch”, “rampart”, “grave”, “dwelling”, and “cultural layer” (Fig. 2; 3). In all the analyzed cases the identified osteological remains come from a single individu¬al. In total, seven individuals were identified, one of whom is female and six are male. Regarding age distribution, most individuals fall within the age range of 30-60 years (maturus). One individual falls within the age range of 20-30 years (adultus), and another one has passed the age of 60 (senilis). As a result of the paleopathological analyses, a wide spectrum of dental pathologies (supragingi¬val calculus, cavities, abscess, antemortem tooth loss) and bone pathologies (os¬teoarthritis, intervertebral disc herniation, porotic hyperostosis) were recorded. The analysis of occupational indicators showed over-demanding physical activities, spatial mobility, and horseback riding. Traces of violent death, such as cra¬nial and postcranial fractures, have been reported in several cases. There were also identified injuries with signs of healing

A Poland-wide legislation on insurance in case of unemployment from 18th of July 1924, its amendments and functioning in the Silesian voivodship...

Author(s): Maria Wanatowicz / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2010

Unemployment insurance introduced in Poland (also in the territory of the autonomous Silesian voivodship) by the ruling of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland of July 18th 1924 was the first social insurance in the history directed at the unemployed. Firstly, it concerned only the blue-collar workers and, subsequently, also the white-collar ones. The role of such an insurance for the Silesian voivodship was significant (the article discusses only the unemployment insurance for blue-collar workers in Polish Silesia, because the unemployment of intelligentsia did not reach big numbers, even at the time of a big economic crisis), much bigger than in other districts of Poland dues to the industrial character of the voivodship's economy. Apart from the legal aspects of the unemployment insurance instituted in the region under study, the article also presents statistical data concerning the beneficiaries of the funds. The author discusses the unemployment insurance legislation from the perspective of the process of the unification of the country.

A titokzatos fekete ember életrajza

Author(s): Nenad Obradović / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2019

A TITOKZATOS FEKETE EMBER ÉLETRAJZA Стојковски, Борис: Цар Јован Ненад, живот, дело и наслеђе Црног Човека. Српски институт, Будимпешта, 2018. (Stojkovski, Boris: Jovan Nenad cár, a Fekete Ember élete, műve és hagyatéka. Szerb Intézet, Budapest, 2018)

A tudományos próza mint a történelmi emlékezet új köztes tere. Újragondolás és nemzeti kibeszélés lehetőségei a második világháborús magyar történelemről (1938–1944)

Author(s): Márton Erdős / Language(s): Hungarian / Publication Year: 0

Scientific prose means giving voice to silent national history with modern texts, based on reviewed and rethought history. Our reviewed historiography is framed by an attempt at synthetizing a problem centred on chronological historical narrative. History and narrative are no more, but at the same time not less, than science, fiction, and art. Regarding the history of Hungary during the Second World War, it is of outstanding importance that national history should be interpreted in an international context, creating a series of complex and high-quality historical works with many aspects.We should eliminate the empty, unilateral, and harmful method of post-Marxism and give space to understanding and understandable historiography written from a national perspective. The task of the Hungarian historian regarding the Horthy era and the Hungarian national history in the Second World War is to be the advocate and not the prosecutor. The historical figures of Miklós Horthy, Pál Teleki, László Bárdossy, and Miklós Kállay should be given their rightful place in history; the hidden correspondence between historical figures and the era they lived in should be identified. It is also necessary to harmonize facts and subjective heroism. We suggest that a new historical philosophy should be outlined, whose main aim is to restore the whole Hungarian nation’s self-esteem.Pathos and irony are the emotions evoked by these texts, related with objectivity, prioritizing correct decision-making. There is a new trend today: the days of research solely based on unexplored sources are gone by; bibliographies should also be considered as scientific sources.

About the distinguished king, his sonic power and an uncommonly furnished kingdom in a new reveal

Author(s): Ewelina Szendzielorz / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

About Us and Our Neighbours: History Textbooks in the Republic of Moldova, Romania and Ukraine

Author(s): Sergiu Musteaţă / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2017

The principal research question pursued by this work is as follows: How do the Republic of Moldova, Romania, and Ukraine present one another in their history curricula and textbooks? How do the history textbooks of each of these three countries present the relationship between majorities and minorities?This book is thus focused on two main objectives: first, to generate improved understanding of the state of the discipline of history in these countries via discussion of reforms to and debates around history curricula in each country, and second, to shed light on the ways in which history textbooks in each of the three countries represent the other two and their peoples.Curriculum development and textbook production in all three countries still remain centralised. Textbooks are produced by state and private publishing houses. Most textbooks are curriculum-based and developed according to the guidelines issued by the Ministries of Education. Through their textbook publishing policy, these ministries control the content and quality of textbooks. History curricula and textbooks in all three countries have progressed, but we still encounter many problems. Among them are the following:• the content of curricula and history textbooks continues to place too much emphasis on national aspects to the detriment of the world, regional, and local dimensions of history;• it reflects the history of wars and violence instead of giving more space to periods of peaceful coexistence, cooperation and cultural communication, or of mutual enrichment between various social groups as well as between nations;• it neglects regional history and cultural and historical links with neighbouring countries;• as it stands, it causes problems in history education and the development of ethnic identity, as well as the relationship between “Us” and “Others”;• it leads to or accepts poor textbook design.The relationship between national and European history remains a closely debated topic in all three societies. Their shared reality, as evidenced by this study, is that all three countries are currently not presenting one another in any meaningful way in their history textbooks at all educational levels. In all three countries, history education and textbooks are dominated by political history and narratives of victimisation. National histories do not pay attention to their neighbours.History textbooks play an important part in the process of collective identity formation, building a relationship with the past and creating an image of the “other”. The content of textbooks determines, in many cases, students' attitudes to their neighbours. Therefore, in order to improve the situation in history education and to develop a tolerant approach to “others” in history textbooks, there is a great need for joint efforts by politicians, professionals and members of civil society in Moldova, Romania and Ukraine.

Acta historica Neosoliensia

Frequency: 2 issues / Country: Slovakia

Acta historica Neosoliensia is a scientific historical journal. It publishes articles on Slovak, and European history. Your space, however it will also find the study of related disciplines in museology, archeology etc. It is divided into several sections: articles, viewpoints, reviews and news. Every single article is reviewed by independent experts and published only on the basis of clear recommendations. The authors are experts from all over Slovakia and foreign professional workplaces.

Activitatea tipografiei episcopale în documentele de arhivă și cărţile Bibliotecii Batthyaneum, raportată la proiectele Societăţii Litteraria Assiduorum. Pars secunda

Author(s): Doina Biro / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: I/2020

The article describes the activity of the episcopal printing house thatwas carried out in the two workshops from Claudiopolis and Alba Carolina and spanned 15 years, authors and printed books, but also new data on typographic projects completed or failed by the bishop Ignác Batthyány. All reported to his older project of creating a scientific society in Transylvania. The conclusions emphasise the role and place of the printing house in the production of local and European book, which were also determined by the competence of the bishop, himself author and editor, codicology and text expert; similarly, everything was determined by his macro-economic vision and materialized in patronage projects, the most important being the Institutum Batthyanianum.

Activități dedicate Centenarului Marii Uniri din 1918

Author(s): Alexandru Voicu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 5-6/2018

Activities of the Institute of Classical Archaeology, Charles University, 2017

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

List of activities

AD ILB 329

AD ILB 329

Author(s): Alexander Falileyev / Language(s): English / Issue: 17/2007

Adam Brzechwa-Ajdukiewicz – ostatni dowódca 26 Dywizji Piechoty

Author(s): Konrad A. Czernielewski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 105/2019

The author presents the figure of Colonel Adam Brzechwa-Ajdukiewicz and the course of his military career in 1914–1939. Adam Ajdukiewicz was born in 1894 on the Komorniki estate near Krakow. He studied at the Lviv Polytechnic. He was a member of the independence underground organizations. In 1914, he became a soldier of Józef Piłsudski’s Polish Legions – he was, among others, the commander of a machine gun company in 4th Infantry Regiment of Polish Legions. After the oath crisis, he was conscripted into the Austro-Hungarian army. In November 1918 he joined the Polish Army – he participated in the defense of Lviv. He graduated from the General Staff School. In the Polish army he held many important positions, and the culmination of his military career was the position of commander of the 26th Infantry Division, which he assumed on March 1938. The author also briefly described the history of the 26th Infantry Division: the history of its formation, combat traditions of the regiments and locations of dislocation. In the last part of the article, the author discussed the fighting of this division in September 1939, paying special attention to the battle of Bzura – the largest battle of 1939. The “author described the activities of Gen. Adam Brzechwa-Ajdukiewicz and his fate after 1939. The general was captive, he was a prisoner of Ofia VIIA in Murnau. After the liberation of the Murnau camp by American troops, he became an officer in the 7th Infantry Division, then deputy commander of the Military Units in the Middle East. From 1947, he served in the Polish Corps for Preparation and Arrangement. After demobilization he settled in London. He died on June 6, 1954. He was buried at the Kensal Green Cemetery in London.

Adam Puławski, Wobec „niespotykanego w dziejach mordu”. Rząd RP na uchodźstwie, Delegatura Rządu RP na Kraj, AK a eksterminacja ludności żydowskiej od „wielkiej akcji” do powstania w getcie warszawskim. Biblioteka Rocznika Chełmskiego, Chełm 2018.

Author(s): Jacek Chrobaczyński / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 9/2019

Adaptation of taiga migrants among local forest-steppe population in the western part of Western Siberia

Author(s): Svetlana Tsembalyuk / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

Natural and climatic changes at the end of the 2nd – beginning of the 1st millennium BC, called “environmental stress”, caused a severe crisis in the economic systems of the Late Bronze societies living in the tundra-taiga and the forest-steppe zones of Western Siberia. The tundra-taiga areas were flooded and quickly swamped as a result of humidification and a drop in temperature, thus becoming unsuitable for human habitation. A mass migration of the taiga population has began to the south along the major rivers – the Ob, Irtysh, Tobol, and Ishim. The migrants occupied the sub-taiga and northern forest-steppe regions and brought their traditions of house-building, burial rites, pottery and tool-making technologies. They also continued to practice their traditional predatory economy oriented towards activities such as hunting and fishing in the territories inhabited by local Late Bronze populations. However, the economy, based on appropriation, proved to be non-viable in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone, where the economy was oriented towards cattle-breeding, resulting in the assimilation of the northern migrants. This assimilation of alien groups among the local forest-steppe population took around 200 years (7th to 6th centuries BC). As a result, several new cultures evolved in Western Siberia by the middle of the 1st millennium BC.

Administrative commissions of Cieszyn and Bielsko between 1920 and 1922. Studies on interwar Polish-German relations in the Cieszyn Silesia

Author(s): Lech Krzyżanowski,Miłosz Skrzypek / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2011

The authors attempt to discuss the activity of Administrative Commissions of Bielsko and Cieszyn as seen in the context of Polish-German relations in the Cieszyn Silesia of the interwar period. The presentation of the main problem area is preceded by a synthetic analysis of the origins of the self-government in the area in question in the context of the changes affecting the Habsburg’s dynasty in the second half of the 19th century. As a result of the events taking place between 1918-1920, the German ethnic element lost the possibility of creating an independent national centre in the territory of the Cieszyn Silesia; the above notwithstanding, it still managed to establish an economic lobby. The taking of political control over a part of the Cieszyn Silesia by the Poles, on the other hand, necessitated the enter of its representatives to the self-government structures thus far dominated by Germans. Such a state of affairs evoked natural pressures, which necessitated the introduction of ethnic regulations, which also constitutes the subject of the authors’ deliberations in the present article.

Administrative, spatial and demographic changes in Székelyland since the Treaty of Trianon to the present day

Author(s): Tibor Elekes,Ferenc Szilágyi / Language(s): English / Issue: 01/2020

This study analysed the characteristics of the spatial organisation, spatial structure and population processes of Székelyland after the Treaty of Trianon. The purpose of the administrative reorganisation after World War I was unification. Between 1950 and 1968, transformation took place mirroring the political-ideological view of the time, often at the expense of the territorial units and centres created as a result of centuries of spatial development. The most significant change in the spatial structure during the early 20th century was the industrialisation that occurred between 1950 and 1989. In Székelyland, a contradictory socio-economic process in relation to other regions of Romania, began after 1990. The impact was smaller than that of the processes that had taken place under Communism. The population growth characteristic of the 20th century was replaced by a steady decline after 1990–1992.The natural population decline of the last three decades and the vigorous transformation have resulted in population decline in the millions. The rate of population decline is the strongest among the young and physically active age groups.

Aethelflaeda – kobieta, która broniła Anglię przed wikingami

Author(s): Michał Madej / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 105/2019

Aethelflaed (ca. 870–918) was the daughter of Alfred the Great, king of Wessex. The times in which she lived were for the future England extremaly difficult. Though in the decisive year of 878 her father defeated one of the Viking leaders, Guthrum, in the battle of Edington and this victory brought the Anglo-Saxons a couple of years of peace, the northern and eastern part of the country was still under Viking rule. The primarily purpose of this paper is to present the achievements of Aethelflaed. No doubt she inherited her father’s character and determination to completely eliminate the Vikings from England. After the passing of her husband, ealdorman Aethelred of Mercia, she alone ruled Mercia, which for a women was quite unusual in her times. Together with her brother Edward the Elder she continued the construction of burhs, a project started by Alfred. Among other victories in 917 she managed to recapture Derby, one of the Five Boroughs of the Danelaw. Unfortunately, Aethelflaed’s sudden death in 918 stopped these successes. However, the memory of her deeds survived generations.

Akcja dekrucyfikacyjna w 1958 roku w północno-wschodnich powiatach województwa krakowskiego w świetle dokumentów

Author(s): Dominika Jasiak / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2014

The article depicts how the action of the crucifix removal (so called “decrucification”, Polish dekrucyfikacja) proceeded in Poland in 1958 in north-east counties of Cracow voivodeship. It is one of the least examined aspects of Polish national policy towards the Roman Catholic Church and its followers at the time of Polish People’s Republic (PRL). The goal of the action was to remove the crucifixes from school walls, where they were placed after Polish October 1956. In cities the procedure did not meet serious protests, whereas in small towns and villages it led to significant repercussions. Among the fundamental questions one can ask in this case there are: what was the cause of that phenomenon? What stood behind such a strong opposition against school authorities obedient to the Minister of Education whose ordinance obliged them to remove religious emblems? Why did children from small towns and villages participate in school strikes? Why did their parents stand up against the Prosecutor’s Office, local authorities and even the police? What logic was followed by the state authorities who issued the order of removing the religious symbol from schools? A careful analysis of the documentation gathered by the Central Archives of Modern Records (Archiwum Akt Nowych ) in Warsaw and by the branch offices of the Institute of National Remembrance (Instytut Pamięci Narodowej, IPN) certainly sheds some light on the above questions.