80 DE ANI ÎN SLUJBA COMUNITĂŢII ACADEMICE MILITARE: BULETINUL UNIVERSITĂŢII NAŢIONALE DE APĂRARE „CAROL I” ÎNTRE TRADIŢIE ŞI MODERNITATE

Author(s): Laura-Rodica Hîmpă / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 02/2017

”Carol I” National Defence University, an unique institution through its age, structure and organization, has always been a representative factor generating knowledge among the other Romanian military education institutions. This is duet o the amplitude of its activities of information related to national security, as well as to its collaboration with the similar institutions in Europe. The article also presents aspects of Romania’s cultural evolution, unprecedented during the interwar period, in order to place the moment when the Bulletin was issued in the framework of the respective age. A representative periodical of the military academic environment, the Bulletin of the ”War School” (as this was the first name of ”Carol I” National Defence University in 1889, subsequently modified several times) managed to grow in importance and significance permanently providing access to scientific information in the military, diplomatic, historic and socio-humanistic domains. Research is based on the documents studied at the Service of Central National Historic Archives, the Romanian Academy Library, and ”Carol I” National Defence University Library.

A Battle or a Campaign? Historical Facts about the Battle of Al-Qādisiyya (636/637?) and the Role of Story-tellers in the Origin of its Narratives

Author(s): Krzysztof Kościelniak / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The paper presents how the pluralism of relations in the early Muslim sources concerning the memory the Qādisiyya narrative is problematic for reconstructing the event of the battle by modern scholars. Specific studies of the early Islamic sources concerning the Battle of Al-Qādisiyya lead to the conclusion that it is certainly easier to interpret the functions of particular topoi than to determinate the facts about the Maʿrakat al-Qādisiyya. The main, unsolved questions related to the Qādisiyyah narrative are the uncertainty of the date of the battle, the size of the Muslim and Persian forces that fought in the Maʿrakat al-Qādisiyya as well as some contradictions and different presentations of the battle. Scholars have undertaken many attempts to make the conflicting accounts more coherent but in fact, they only made some speculations or,at the best, case scenario – explanations made on the basis of limited and uncertain evidence. For these reasons, the paper contains the suggestion to avoid an undue emphasis on the importance of the Maʿrakat al-Qādisiyya and to replace this term by the more general expression “the Mesopotamian campaign 634-637.” The critical evaluation of the Muslim sources leads to a more general description of the Battle of Al-Qādisiyya as an element of the campaign (stage 634-637) whose unambiguous evaluation is impossible.

A bear and a clockmaker: on origins of “Russian bear” stereotype in Switzerland in the second half of the 19th century

Author(s): Magdalena Żakowska / Language(s): English / Issue: Supplement/2020

The article analyses the specific attitudes of the ‘Russian Bear’ metaphor in the German-language Swiss press in the second half of the 19th century: in the all- European context as well as in the context of its role in building the Swiss national identity. The author has proven that there exists a connection between the Swiss image of Russia and the ‘colonial discourse’ (described by Edward Said) in that period. The article indicates the great role of the ‘bear’ metaphor within the key binary oppositions, distinctive for that discourse: West – East, culture – nature, civilization – barbarity, democracy – despotism. It analyses as well the typical Swiss way of perceiving Russia – through the prism of the ethical discourse, which had enabled the 19th century Helvetians to play the role of ‘Europe’s conscience.’ The author indicates that – while using the ‘Russian Bear’ metaphor – the 19th century Swiss press used to categorize Russia as an antithesis of the countries that personified the main attributes of the culture of the West. While making oppositions between the Russianness and the Germanness the Swiss press was building such oppositions as: order – chaos, creation – destruction, reason – irrationality, self-control – irritability. The ‘Russian Bear’ as a partner of the French Marianne used to personify an antithesis of the French refinement. The ‘Russian Bear’ metaphor compared with the symbol of Helvetia used to serve to build oppositions between the liberal, wealthy, democratic Switzerland and Russia, which was perceived as a severe ‘Eastern despothy’. The paper was originally published as Niedźwiedź i zegarmistrz. U źródeł stereotypu „rosyjskiego niedźwiedzia” w Szwajcarii w drugiej połowie XIX w., “Klio” 2012, vol. 20 (1),pp. 171–200, DOI: 10.12775/KLIO.2012.006.

A Brief Look at a Missing World. Interview with Emeritus Professor Anthony F. Harding – Exeter University

Author(s): Vasile Diaconu / Language(s): English / Issue: XXXV/2019

A Brief Review of Scholarly Events in the Field of Legal History in Ukraine in 2019

Author(s): Roman Shandra / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

A Bulgarian Student in Early XX Century Ukraine: Study, Lifestyle and Challenges

Author(s): Аndrii Chutkyi / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2021

The paper discusses the life of Konstantin Nikolov, a Bulgarian from the town of Gorna Oryahovitsa, during his study at the Kyiv Institute of Commerce (1909 – 1915). The very “insignificance” of this person allows for some wider generalizations, given the fact that precisely such people best reflect the society as a whole. For this reason, the study of ordinary people’s biographies has become an important focus of modern historiography. Nikolov’s student years illustrate some aspects of contemporary Bulgarian history and exemplify the experience of Bulgarian students in the Russian Empire before and during the World War I. The present study is based on archive materials previously untapped by scholars. It also involves some documents relative to Svitozar Drahomanov, who was of Ukrainian origin but spent his childhood in Bulgaria and studied at the Kyiv Institute of Commerce along with Nikolov, as well as documents regarding a trip to Bulgaria by Czesław Madej, another student of the same institute. The study demonstrates that archives of different Kyiv-based higher educational institutions should be explored for more valuable materials regarding Bulgarian born students, which may help draw a fuller picture of Bulgarian-Ukrainian relations in the field of education and culture. This, in turn, will contribute to a deeper understanding of the history of Ukrainian higher education in the early 20thcentury. It will also provide a wider perspective on the phenomenon of Bulgarians studying abroad before and during the World War I, including the life situations of the students during this period which proved crucial for the whole European civilization.

A CARMEN SAECULARE ÉS A LUDI SAECULARES

Author(s): János Bollók / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1(2)/2001

A clevelandi Szent Erzsébet Római Katolikus Egyházközség – esettanulmány a cleveland-ohiói egyházak és templomok történetéről

Author(s): Viktor Wetzl,Jenő Palotai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2020

The aim of our study is to provide a comprehensive picture of the past and present state of the Hungarian churches of Cleveland, with special focus on the city’s first Roman Catholic community, which recently celebrated its 125th anniversary. We analyze the Hungarian religious community of Cleveland and its effect on the Hungarian identity on the basis of literature and fieldwork with interviews and personal interviews. In addition, the study deals in detail with the 125-year-old Saint Elizabeth Church, which was the first Catholic Roman Catholic community of the city and is an integral part of the preservation of Hungarian identity. We conclude that the Hungarian faith communities operating today play an important role in the preservation of the identity of local Hungarians.

A Clown’s Journey: 3 X 7

Author(s): Natalia Afeyan / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

A clown travels through times and identities. A personage is handed over to different creators and audiences. A voice changes its purpose. This article observes the metamorphoses of Pierrot from Commedia dell’arte through the romantic malheureux, the decadent Dandy to the perpetual loser and peace-seeker of the turn of the century, following the works of three authors: Giraud, Hartleben, and Schönberg. When and where is this journey going to end? – We don’t know.

A continuation of the dialogue between Polish and Czech historians

Author(s): Artur Patek,Lukáš Fasora,Roman Baron / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

A családtörténet-kutatás új útjain

Author(s): Dalma Bódai / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3/2019

Stepfamilies in Europe, 1400–1800. Ed.: Warner, Lyndan. New York, Routledge, 2018. 288 p.

A Cultural Encounter between Norsemen and Finnar: Analysing Heiđr in Hauks Þáttr Hábrókar

Author(s): Lorenzo Lozzi Gallo / Language(s): English / Issue: 24/2019

A DALOK KÖNYVE (SI KING) FORDÍTÁSI PROBLÉMÁIRÓL

Author(s): Zsuzsanna Csibra / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1(2)/2004

This essay focuses on the analysis of the “translatability” of the 51st and the 160th poems of The Book of Songs. By a historical survey the author describes the characteristics of philological and cultural approach of classical Chinese texts and points to the main difficulties of their interpretations. These poems had been regarded — by interpretators, mostly synologists — as lyric works, however, because of the cultural and philosophical references, these literary translations generally needed further comments. By analysing the best known translations the author concludes that in understanding and recreating of Chinese poems there has always been a dilemma: saving the unity of the poems and at the same time creating a philologically exact translation or by including necessary comments overstepping the limits of literary translation.

A DEMOTIC VOTIVE INSCRIPTION FROM SAQQARA REVISITED

Author(s): Jan K. Winnicki / Language(s): English / Issue: 2 /2007

Ademotic votive inscription on a socle of a statuette found in Saqqara was published in the last volume of this journal. Unfortunately the plates illustrating the paper were not published. Here we supply the missing plates and use the occasion to deliver some further remarks.

A Different Perspective on Innovation in Holocaust Studies

Author(s): Anna Corsten / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

When talking about the emergence of Holocaust studies as an academic field in the 1960s and 1970s, we often look at its development from a male perspective by focussing on the academic positions, honours, and the success of books. Thus, women are often excluded from this perspective since they chose different paths due to their career options and gender expectations at that time. Many female scholars therefore sought other possibilities to study the Holocaust, for example through teaching. In this article, I will look at the role played particularly by women but also male scholars through teaching Holocaust studies.

A digitalis térbeli kiigazítás

Author(s): Daniel Greene,Daniel Joseph / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 23/2018

This article brings distinct strands of the political economy of communication and economic geography together in order to theorise the role digital technologies play in Marxian crisis theory. Capitalist advances into digital spaces do not make the law of value obsolete, but these spaces do offer new methods for displacing overaccumulated capital, increasing consumption, or accumulating new, cheaper labour. We build on David Harvey’s theory of the spatial fix to describe three digital spatial fixes, fixed capital projects that use the specific properties of digital spaces to increase the rate of prof- it, before themselves becoming obstacles to the addictive cycle of accumulation: the primitive accumulation of time in the social Web, the annihilation of time by space in highfrequency trading, and affect rent in virtual worlds. We conclude by reflecting on how these digital spatial fixes also fix the tempo of accumulation and adjust the time-scale of Marxian crisis theory.

A félproletár háztartás a modern világrendszer longue durée-je folyamán

Author(s): Wilma A. Dunaway / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 24/2018

Wilma A. Dunaway is a researcher affiliated with the Fernand Braudel Center Research Working Group on Households, Labor Force Formation and the World-Economy. A particular conception of the household, helping to grasp the process of the accumulation of capital at world-system level, was developed in this working group, as a result of the critiques of Wallerstein’s early historical works. This conception, also applied in this study, exposes the household as the fundamental site for the reproduction of the labor force, which combines various forms of labor, and integrates into the capitalist world-system by maintaining hierarchy between these forms. Through the maintenance of this hierarchy, the household allows capitalists to extract surplus from the household itself, and renders the reproductive or informal labor of women publicly invisible. Here, Dunaway puts forward a systematic analysis of how these two processes take place.

A Feminist Analysis: Sexual Violence in the Bosnian War (1992-1995)

Author(s): Özgenur Çaputlu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its ef-fects on Yugoslavian women. Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its effects on Yugoslavian women.

A Few Considerations Concerning the Presence of Hussite-Style War Wagons as Part of John Hunyadi’s Army.

Author(s): Raul-Alexandru Todika / Language(s): English,Romanian,German / Issue: 56/2019

The main objective of this paper is to bring forward a subject that was long neglected by the Romanian historiography and Slavic studies: the military importance of the contingents of Bohemian mercenaries within the army of John Hunyadi, and the extensive usage of the Wagenburg and the Hussite war wagons as part of the improvements of the armed forces in the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary. These changes were made by John Hunyadi during the first half of the fifteenth century, in relation to the tactical and strategic necessities imposed by the wars fought against the Turks. My approach of the topic sheds light on the ability of John Hunyadi to use the offensive, defensive, and logistical potential of this rudimentary but extremely versatile and efficient war machine, and points out at the fact that the Kingdom of Hungary was, at that time, up to date with the fourteenth- and fifteenth-century military technologies. In addition, this paper explores a variety of Christian and Ottoman sources and compares these narratives in regard to the subject. The current Romanian historiography has failed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Hussite-style war wagons, and thus the relevance of this paper is linked to broadening the perspective on the matter.

A FEW NOTES ON PHRYGIAN AND THRACIAN SCRIPT AND LITERACY

A FEW NOTES ON PHRYGIAN AND THRACIAN SCRIPT AND LITERACY

Author(s): Maya Vassileva / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2005