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KLAUDIUSZ II I TYTUŁ GOTHICUS MAXIMUS

KLAUDIUSZ II I TYTUŁ GOTHICUS MAXIMUS

Author(s): Robert Suski / Language(s): Polish Issue: X/2011

The History of the Roman Empire at the time of the crisis of the 3rd century is not known well. The historicity of the Battle of Naissus is controversial. One of the most important arguments put forward in its favour is the assumption of the title Gothicus Maximus by Claudius II. It is the earliest attestation of this title in the Roman propaganda. In my article I analyse the assumption of the new cognomina ex virtute in the 3rd and 4th centuries (Carpicus Maximus, Gothicus Maximus, Alammanicus Maximus, Franciscus Maximus, Persicus Maximus). Emperors did not need a great undeniable victory to introduce new cognomina ex virtute. The assumption of a new title served to express the significance of the cognomen given to the ruler, not the scale of his success. The title Gothicus Maximus cannot be regarded as a proof of a spectacular success of Claudius II at Naissus, but only of his victory over the Gothi.

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WYDARZENIA W INMESTAR. KOMENTARZ DO HISTORII KOŚCIELNEJ VII 16 SOKRATESA

WYDARZENIA W INMESTAR. KOMENTARZ DO HISTORII KOŚCIELNEJ VII 16 SOKRATESA

Author(s): Krystyna Stebnicka / Language(s): Polish Issue: X/2011

The paper deals with the Inmestar incident, described in Socrates’ Church History (VII 16) and often erroneously considered to be the first accusation of a ritual murder, which the Jews have indeed faced regularly since the 12th century. According to Socrates in ca 415 CE drunken Jews in a Syrian town Inmestar tied a Christian boy to a cross and killed him. Some scholars link this incident with the feast of Purim: drunken people celebrating this holiday would have blasphemed the crucifixion of Jesus and instead of hanging an effigy of Haman on the gallows they would have affixed a child to a cross. This interpretation is hardly convincing, because Socrates does not suggest any festival context of this episode. Other scholars contest the historicity of the incident. However, it seems to be a real event, which fits quite well into the context of the sudden deterioration of Jewish-Christian relations, manifest in violent acts against the Jews, well documented at the beginning of the 5th century.

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KTO I KIEDY ROZPOCZĄŁ TAK ZWANĄ KONTROWERSJĘ PELAGIAŃSKĄ?

KTO I KIEDY ROZPOCZĄŁ TAK ZWANĄ KONTROWERSJĘ PELAGIAŃSKĄ?

Author(s): Rafał Toczko / Language(s): Polish Issue: X/2011

Quite a number of scholars claim that the Pelagian controversy started in 411. This common opinion is subjected to scrutiny in this paper. It provides a thorough analysis of sources, particularly of the writings of Augustine of Hippo. First, it is apparent (yet rarely noticed) that the first utterances of the animosity towards Pelagius were not formulated before 415 (by Augustine, Orosius and Jerome). Second, the arguments against Pelagius were devised by Augustine and influenced the decisions on Pelagius made by the African bishops, Pope Innocent and the emperor Honorius. The second line of the argument aims at showing that one ought not to write about the Pelagian controversy before 415. Augustine in his later works tried to force the opinion that he had fought with the Pelagian heresy even before it emerged. However, we should not follow his idiosyncratic view. In consequence, I am against using the vague term Pelagian controversy’ and support the view that it is better to write about the controversy between Augustine and Pelagius.

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TITIVIS HERES ESTO. ROLA PRAKTYKI PRAWNEJ W PROCESIE TWORZENIA PRAWA W PÓŹNEJ STAROŻYTNOŚCI

TITIVIS HERES ESTO. ROLA PRAKTYKI PRAWNEJ W PROCESIE TWORZENIA PRAWA W PÓŹNEJ STAROŻYTNOŚCI

Author(s): Maria Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: X/2011

The topic of the article is the testamentary succession in the late Roman law, i.e., after the Constitutio Antoniniana of AD 212. The case of the testamentary succession is used to approach a more general question of the role of the local legislative practice in the process of creating law in Late Antiquity. The second purpose of this paper is to discuss whether the Roman law before the 7th century was chiefly of persuasive and instrumental character. In other words, the aim of the article is to illustrate the role of the local legal practice in the process of creating law. The starting point of the discussion is the constitution on the language of wills issued by Alexander Severus which encouraged the legal practice to elaborate a new form of wills and loosened the bonds of the legal formalism.

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CZY LEGENDĘ TEKLI OCENZUROWANO? ŚWIADECTWO TERTULIANA O APOKRYFICZNYCH DZIEJACH PAWŁA ( DE BAPTISMO 17,5)

CZY LEGENDĘ TEKLI OCENZUROWANO? ŚWIADECTWO TERTULIANA O APOKRYFICZNYCH DZIEJACH PAWŁA ( DE BAPTISMO 17,5)

Author(s): Joanna Rączka / Language(s): Polish Issue: X/2011

This article investigates some traces of an original diversity in Christian attitudes towards women’s place in the Church. One of these traces is a passus in Tertullian’s homily On the baptism 17,5, where the author strives against any attempts to treat a part of the apocryphal Acts of Thecla as an argument for an empowerment of women to catechize and baptize. His fierce attack on these writings seems however disproportionate to its contents available nowadays, which could hardly act as a piece of evidence for Paul having authorized females to perform aforementioned duties. Two hypothesis have been proposed as an explanation for this divergence. According to the first one, some scenes or expressions had been expurgated by copyists worried about an unorthodox interpretation and resultant misuse of the Acts of Thecla. At least two facts speak in favor of this hypothesis: the text ends abruptly, the last sentence leaving the impression of being a fourth-century interpolation, and the apostolic aspect of Thecla’s legend, poorly illustrated in the present ATh, was significantly elaborated in Byzantine homilies and other late Christian writings, which corresponds with Thecla’s cult in the official liturgy as a female apostle authorised by Paul to teach and baptize. According to the second hypothesis, the aforesaid abuse of Thecla’s example should be understood as a manifestation of an ancient reader’s imagination which tended to associate the very scanty mention in Thecla’s Acts with contemporary practices on the edge of heterodoxy, such as widows’ initiation of catechumens berated in Syrian Didascalia or women’s significant role among Montanists in Asia Minor, the cradle of Thecla’s story. Coupled with a “teaching-baptizing” concept-cluster evoked by Paul’s final instruction for Thecla in the apocryphal narrative, it made the Acts more meaningful than they were at first in their author’s intention.

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The Dissolution of Yugoslavia: Competing Narratives of Resentment and Blame

Author(s): Sabrina Petra Ramet / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2007

Abstract: Serbs, Croats, Kosovar Albanians, and Bosniaks remember the past differ-ently and, although there are differences of historical memory within each group, one can speak of there being a dominant but evolving historical narrative among each of these national groups. This diversity of historical memory creates resources which may be tapped by ambitious leaders. In accounting for the Yugoslav meltdown, how-ever, one may identify three necessary conditions which were fulfilled: widespread discontent (itself reflecting system illegitimacy and economic deterioration), fracture lines along which the country might be dissolved, and leaders prepared to exploit dis-content for their own purposes.

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STRUKTURALIZAM I »KRIZA ISTORIJE«

STRUKTURALIZAM I »KRIZA ISTORIJE«

Author(s): Branislav S. Đurđev / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 03/1977

U našoj novijoj istoriografiji, čija se istorija poklapa sa razvitkom socijalističkog društva u našoj zemlji, pored uticaja postmarksističkih teoretskih pogleda na istoriju, pojavili su se i novi i moderni uticaji građanskih shvatanja Istorije uz stara, naslijeđena. Jedan dio tih uticaja novije građanske istorijske misli nužno je morao nastati, jer je naše društvo otvoreno prema svijetlu. U našoj nauci to se naročito pojavljivalo u borbi protiv post- marksističke shematike u shvatanju istorije. Pri tome je jedan dio naših naučnika koji se bavi teoretskim pitanjima u društvenim naukama tobožnjom "marksističkom" kritikom staljinističkih shvatanja udario i u temelje materijalističkog sbvatanju istorije onakvog kakvog je dao izvorni marksizam.

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O szpiegostwie w ustawodawstwie karnym II Rzeczypospolitej

O szpiegostwie w ustawodawstwie karnym II Rzeczypospolitej

Author(s): Stanisław Hoc / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2012

The subject of the considerations is a presentation of the legal regulation of espionage in the legislation of the Second Republic of Poland. The author begins them with a concise analysis of the regulations of the penal codes of the former occupying states which were binding until the settlement of the Polish regulations. Then the codifying works undertaken by the Codification Commission, whose result was the Penal Code of 1932 are mentioned. The author proceeds to analyze the regulations contained in the ordinance of the President of Poland concerning punishments for espionage and other crimes against the state of 16 February 1928, as well as those in the ordinance of the President of Poland relating to certain crimes against the security of the state of 24 October 1934. Data concerning prosecution and punishment for espionage in the Second Republic of Poland were also presented.

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Orşova şi hiterlandul său de la „placă turnantă” a migraţiilor de populaţie la oraş multietnic
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Orşova şi hiterlandul său de la „placă turnantă” a migraţiilor de populaţie la oraş multietnic

Author(s): Constantin Juan-Petroi / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1+2/2003

Au cours des XVIème – XVIIIème siècles Orşova a constitué le lieu par où sont passés des groupes de population soit sur le Danube, soit tout au long du fleuve, surtout d’Olténie vers Banat, mais au sens inverse également. Dès le début du XIXe siècle ont eu lieu lá bas une série d'ouvrages liés aux transports sur l'eau et sur la terre (on a introduit la navigation aux vapeurs par des compagnies européennes, on a construit des canaux sur le Danube, on a bâti le chemin de fer qui liait la Roumanie à l'Empire austro-hongrois et on a créé des entreprises industrielles). Maintenant les nouveaux venus – Allemands, Tchèques, Hongrois – s'y sont fixés et ont trouvé des emplois dans des activités qualifiées, Orşova devenant une ville multiethnique.

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Evoluţia  structurii sociale şi etnice în oraşul Soroca (sfârşitul secolului al XVIII-lea – începutul secolului al XIX-lea)
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Evoluţia structurii sociale şi etnice în oraşul Soroca (sfârşitul secolului al XVIII-lea – începutul secolului al XIX-lea)

Author(s): Alina Felea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1+2/2003

L’évolution de la structure sociale et ethnique dans la ville Soroca (la fin du XVIII-ième siècle – le début du XIX-ième siècle) á la suite des événements politiques. Les guerres de la fin du XVIII-ième siècle – le début du XIX-ième siècle, le rapt de la Bessarabie ont influencé la situation démographique. On constate la diminution brusque de la population dans la ville Soroca. Le gouvernement russe s’efforçait de changer réellement la structure sociale. Du point de vue ethnique la ville Soroca reste prépondéramment roumaine.

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Cu privire la patriciatul şi „săracii” din oraşul medieval din Ţara Românească (secolele XIV-XVI)
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Cu privire la patriciatul şi „săracii” din oraşul medieval din Ţara Românească (secolele XIV-XVI)

Author(s): Laurenţiu Rădvan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1+2/2003

The present study is on a less approached theme, referring to the components of the society from the cities of the Wallachia (XIVth-XVIth centuries). The urban hierarchy of this space was led by a class limited to a small group of people, that we should call patriciate. The main difficulty of the researcher of the medieval city from Wallachia arises from the identification of the members of the urban patriciate in the conditions in which no generic name to designate this group of townspeople was considered to exist. We have tried that, by going thoroughly into the studies we have at our disposal and within this group we have identified the following classes: judeţi (leaders of the city council elected by townspeople), pârgari (members of the city councils), to which the „good people” (meliores from the Latin sources) are added. The last ones can be identified by occupation, wealth, privileged relations with the prince and to the towns across the mountains, in Transylvania, being opposed to the so-called „bad people”. Also, I have focused on the transformations within this group, on the background of the penetration of an oriental influence in the XVIth century, which determined the gradual decrease of the importance of the western origin elements (mainly Transylvanian Saxons) in parallel to the increase of the Levantine elements influence (Greeks, Jews). Within the urban society „the poor” also called siromahi had a particular place. The study of the cases from the historical sources led us to the conclusion that the siromahii represented the general mass of the people that consisted of the people belonging to the inferior class of the society. Within this class there entered people with different occupations and orientations, that is why the content of the notion by means of which they are defined should not be generalized; each case is individually analyzed, put in a context and solely in such a manner placed in one environment or another (rural or urban). Likewise, among „the poor” there certainly was a stratification of wealth.

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Catagrafia Bucureştiului din anul 1810. O nouă lectură (I)
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Catagrafia Bucureştiului din anul 1810. O nouă lectură (I)

Author(s): Oliver Velescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1+2/2003

In 1810, during the Russian occupation of the Roumanian Principalities, the military commandement orders an extended and detailed taking the census of the country, which had to be fulfilled by local ecclesiastical authorities. At the end, after some hesitations, concluded with the deposition of both Roumanian metropolitans, the census was ended in the autumn of 1810. The hard laboured documentation of these census is deposited at the Roumanian Academy`s Library and was partially published for different countries (judeţe) or cities from Roumania. In 1908 historian Alexandru Lapedatu published the section about Bucureşti under the title „Catagrafia bisericilor bucureştene a 1810” (The census of churches from Bucureşti in 1810). This documentation interested only those which studied the ecclesiastical history of Bucureşti, and, in the historiograhy of the capital city was signaled the value of this document as a demographical source and of general interest for Bucureşti history without ever beeing analised in detail. The actual study is different from the text published in 1908, because it tries, by a new lecture, to order so the documentat`s content as by a quantity analyse the datas furnished to be put in a new light. As a result are overlighted social facts, human types and elements of psichology of the communities from the early XIXth century. The study was structured in eight chapters, as follows: I. The citie`s adult population. The content of the census was restructured using the size criteria, by this method resulting the most inhabited parishes (mahalale) of the town. So was determined the total population of Bucureşti: 32,418 inhabitants. II. The dwellings. Their aspect and their number. Here were compared the datas from 1798 Census and from 1810 Census. From better knowing the number houses were used the notes made by foreign travellers in Bucureşti, all underlining the rural look of the town. In 1810 in Bucureşti were listed 7,503 dwellings. III. Urban density in Bucureşti. Taking into account citie`s characteristic pattern, houses in the middle of large gardens, the density resulted by dividing the number of inhabitants to the number of dwellings. The average of urban density in Bucureşti was 4.28%. IV. The priests and their families. The ecclesiastical body beeing the main subject of the Census, its statistical situation was of real interest. The tables revealed that in Bucureşti were 246 priests, and 1 priest deserved 132 inhabitants. In the meantime was analised the composition of priests` families, the number of children, wives age, and, what is pregnant it is the large number of widows, reported mainly to wives age and the number of children. V. The mortlity. Endemic diseases and post birth infections were the main causes of mortality, the moffected beeing both the female population and the children. Statistical datas were confronted with other sources, anthropological (osthological). VI. The education and the state of culture.

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Participarea minoritarilor prezenţi în Bucureşti la susţinerea morală şi materială a Războiului de Independenţă a României
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Participarea minoritarilor prezenţi în Bucureşti la susţinerea morală şi materială a Războiului de Independenţă a României

Author(s): Virgiliu Z. Teodorescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1+2/2003

An old Romanian saying summarizes the experience of many centuries of hardships which the people of the lands between the Carpathians, the Danube and the Black Sea have faced. They say „Friendship can be proven in times of need” and so it happened between 1877-1878, when all the human, moral and material capacities of the Romanian people were called up to remove the remnants of the former domination deriving from the old treaties concluded with the Ottoman Porte. As major requirement for the complex process of modernization of the Romanian society, for the rise of a due status among the European states, the declaration and the defence of the Independence was the goal of those people who, during the previous decades, have acted to prepare the release of such an action. Although many things had been done, when the time came for the great fights, it turned out that many others were still pending and needed to be completed and suited to the resources of the future field enemies. Under such circumstances, all the Romanian people were called up to make their contribution to help the army to get proper equipment, to establish and equip medical facilities, to provide material help to the families of the soldiers, to widows and orphans. The enthusiasm of everybody, regardless of their resources or means, was catching and drove to action the citizens of other nationalities living in Romania at that time, either temporarily or for long. There were however citizens of other states who, although they considered themselves Romanians, exceptionally did not participate in the support for Romania, given that the states whose subjects they were understood to support the Ottoman Empire and even to take oppressive measures against those of a different behaviour. We think that, among the many anonymous, must have been foreign people who, for purposes of protection, chose to stay unknown. This essay refers to the presence of the foreign citizens in Bucharest, the way they acted to their honour, in order to collect funds and the use they understood to make of such collections. Moreover, following the example of doctor Carol Davila who in 1870 was by the side of the people in need during the French-Prussian war, we remind you of those rescue contributions of many aliens, physicians and sanitary personnel, who came under the sign of the Red Cross to provide medical assistance to the people in need. We may say by coherent examples that, in time of big hardships, the contributions of such aliens were a relevant example of human solidarity and laid a brick in, as the generation of the last quarter of the 20th century and the first of the 21st determined to be a major goal, the construction of the United Europe.

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Comunitatea oraşului Târgovişte la sfârşitul secolului al XIX-lea şi începutul secolului al XX-lea: dimensiune demografică, modernizare şi solidaritat
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Comunitatea oraşului Târgovişte la sfârşitul secolului al XIX-lea şi începutul secolului al XX-lea: dimensiune demografică, modernizare şi solidaritat

Author(s): Nadia Manea,Daniela Dumitrescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1+2/2003

L’évolution de la population de la ville de Targoviste peut être suivie d’une manière plus précise selon les documents à partir des années 1810 et 1831. Pour les années mentionnées, ce sont les autorités russes qui ont pris l’initiative, elle ont demandé aux prêtres de dresser une statistique pour l’année 1810 et aux policiers, „un tableau statistique” plus tard, en 1831. Une analyse quantitative plus complexe est possible seulement à partir du dernier quart du XIXème siècle, c’est à dire depuis l’époque où les sources (le rapport fait par C. Şerbănescu au nom de la police locale pour l’année 1874; les recensements de 1894, 1899, 1912; le rapport présenté au roi Charles Ier par le maire en 1914) offrent des détails qui peuvent apporter des informations sur la valeur de plusieurs indicateurs géo-demographiques: l’évolution numérique de la population et sa dynamique, la structure socio-économique et, selon le sexe, la qualité de la vie, la stabilité familiale, la structure ethnique et confessionnelle. Une analyse comparative de ces valeurs avec celles connues au niveau national et l’examen des archives peut révéler des aspects plus particuliers et plus importants de la vie communautaire de la ville; par exemple, les essais de modernisation se sont concrétisés par la création du Conseil pour Hygiène et Salubrité Publique (c’est celui-ci qui fait des efforts pour créer la deuxième pharmacie de la ville, pour amener un autre docteur, pour organiser la vaccination des enfants, pour prêter assistance médicale aux femmes enceintes, pour prendre des mesures en faveur de la salubrité publique) et des unités des sapeurs pompiers, par l’élaboration du plan architectural de la ville, par la dénomination des rues et la numérotation des foyers (pour le recensement de 1912), par l’introduction de l’éclairage public. On peut trouver aussi dans les documents des traces visibles de la solidarité sociale: la mairie se charge de l’éducation et de l’adoption des enfants abandonnés; pendant l’hiver très difficile de l’année 1879 c’est toujours la mairie qui organise un bal de charité en faveur des plus pauvres de la ville.

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Centrele secuieşti în baza datelor cuprinse în conscripţiile secolelor XVI-XVII
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Centrele secuieşti în baza datelor cuprinse în conscripţiile secolelor XVI-XVII

Author(s): Gabriela Olasz / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1+2/2003

In der Mitteilung werden die Szekler Konskriptionen des 16. Jahrhunderts (von 1575, 1602, 1604, 1614, 1627 u.s.w.) bis zur allgemeinen Erhebung von 1720 untersucht. Den Konskriptionen liegen zwar verschiedenartige Kriterien zugrunde, doch schließt dieses einen Vergleich der einzelnen Verzeichnisse nicht aus. Dabei ist die Erhebung des Fürsten Gabriel Bethlens von 1614 die genaueste, und liefert die vollständigsten Datenreihen zu den Szeklerortschaften. Es ergibt sich für die wichtigsten Ortschaften – Oderhellen, Szeklerkreuz, Neumarkt, Szeklerburg, Szekler Neumarkt – sowohl die allgemeine Entwicklungslinie ihrer Bevölkerungszahl als auch das Verhältnis dieser Gesamtzahl zu jener der Ortschaften des Hinterlandes. Zugleich erlauben die Konskriptionen eine Einschätzung der sozialen Gliederung der Bevölkerung in althergebrachte Kategorien (primipili und pixidari) sowie in Bewohnerkategorien, die für das Szeklerland neu waren (Adlige, Leibeigene, Hospites und Sedler). Im allgemeinen ist festzustellen, daß die Vororte des Szeklerlandes sowohl bezüglich ihrer Größe als auch in Bezug auf ihre Bevölkerungszusammensetzung besondere Merkmale aufwiesen; zugleich gab es merkliche Unterschiede zwischen diesen Orten. Die bedeutenden Städte und Marktflecken waren viel größer als die kleinen Orte, aber sowohl die großen als auch die kleinen unterschieden sich in ihrer Bevölkerungszusammensetzung ganz wesentlich von einfachen Dörfern

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Viaţa urbană a Mediaşului în ajunul primului război mondial. Încercare de reconstituire prin statute şi anuare
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Viaţa urbană a Mediaşului în ajunul primului război mondial. Încercare de reconstituire prin statute şi anuare

Author(s): Michel Tanase / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1+2/2003

Der Beitrag bringt ein Beispiel einer (im Vergleich zu den „klassischen“ Methoden) komplementären Vorgangsweise in der Erforschung des Stadtlebens einer Stadt. Dieser Satz, scheint allen Anscheins nach eine Tautologie zu sein, doch gibt es auch heute in der Welt (große) Städte, in denen ländliche und städtische Strukturen nebeneinander vorhanden sind, wobei in jeder der genannten beiden Strukturen unterschiedliche Mentalitäten und Lebensweisen herrschen. Im Falle Mediaschs war die für eine mittelalterliche Stadt spezifische Antinomie – intra muros–extra muros – um das Jahr 1914 in gewisser Weise hinfällig geworden. Die Stadt besaß mehr oder minder ländlich gestaltete Viertel, sie befand sich aber in einem Stadium allgemeiner Verstädterung, wobei die letztgenannte Entwicklung in der Zwischenkriegszeit vollzogen wurde. Die Elemente der sich entfaltenden Verstädterung werden anhand der erforschten Belege aufgezeigt, die in solchen Untersuchungen nur selten verwendet wurden, nämlich anhand von (auf mehrere Jahrhunderte aufgegliederte) internen Regelungen (Statuten) und mit Hilfe eines 1914 (kurz vor Ausbruch des Ersten Weltkrieges) erschienenen Jahrbuches. Ausgehend von den oben genannten historischen Quellen sowie mithilfe der im Jahrbuch genannten Angaben war es möglich, vergleichende Bilder nachzuzeichnen betreffend die Verwaltung, Wirtschaft, den Grundbesitz- und Immobilienfonds der Stadt usw., handelt es sich hier doch um jene Faktoren, mit deren Hilfe das Stadtleben glaubwürdig nachgezeichnet werden kann. Der althergebrachte antinomische Charakter städtisch-ländlich, der bis ins 18. Jahrhundert vorherrschend war, ist auch aus den in jener Zeit erschienenen Stadtplänen ersichtlich. Es sind kartographische Zeugnisse, die aufgrund von Urkunden aus dem Jahre 1267 und 1498 erstellt worden sind, sowie mit Hilfe einer Stadtordnung aus dem Jahre 1621, wobei einige dieser schriftlichen Belege für die gesellschaftlich-wirtschaftlichen und ethnischen Gegebenheiten jener Zeit einen wahren Fortschritt bedeutet haben

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Note  documentare  privitoare  la  rezidenţii  străini  din  oraşele  din  ţările  române  în  secolele  XVI-XVII
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Note documentare privitoare la rezidenţii străini din oraşele din ţările române în secolele XVI-XVII

Author(s): Cristian Luca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1+2/2003

Il presente testo delinea la fortuna di alcuni residenti stranieri delle città della Valacchia e della Moldavia, con particolare riferimento a personaggi trapiantati nei Principati Romeni per vari motivi, ma soprattutto per ragioni economiche e politiche. In base a molteplici documenti inediti, raccolti dall’Archivio di Stato di Venezia e dall’Archivio della Sacra Congregazione „De Propaganda Fide” di Roma, vengono puntualizzate le vicende che ebbero come protagonisti mercanti e avventurieri veneti e italo-levantini giunti da Costantinopoli nei Paesi Romeni, nei secoli in cui la capitale ottomana costituiva il serbatoio e la filiera di provenienza di molti forestieri che si stabilirono al di là del Danubio; con il passare degli anni, tali stranieri si naturalizzavano nelle terre romene. Così, in questo breve articolo, s’intrecciano destini di mercanti dediti alla politica, che raggiunsero posizioni di rilievo nell’entourage dei principi di Valacchia o di Moldavia; tra essi emergono i nomi del cretese Costantino Battista Vevelli e del veneziano Bartolomeo Locadello, i quali, pur in modo assai diverso, influirono decisamente su alcuni episodi della politica interna ed estera dei Principati Romeni. L’identità di altri stranieri residenti nelle città dei Paesi Romeni è venuta alla luce dalle stesse fonti italiane: Michele Servo, cretese suddito veneziano dimorava a Suceava, mentre un tale Nicolò Pimpinella, insieme con Antonio Sasso e Giorgio Speziali, abitava a Bucarest. Le notizie raccolte dai documenti italiani inediti ci consentono, dunque, di individuare alcuni dei protagonisti della vita urbana delle terre romene a cavallo fra XVI e il XVII secolo.

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Date privind începuturile şi evoluţia comunităţii evreieşti din oraşul Sibiu
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Date privind începuturile şi evoluţia comunităţii evreieşti din oraşul Sibiu

Author(s): Nadia Badrus / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1+2/2003

The first part of the study deals with the matter of the Jewish population in the town of Sibiu. In the beginning, a text drawn up in the 16th century is presented, telling the story of the (imaginary) founding of the Talmaciu fortress (in the immediate vicinity of Sibiu) by the Jews far back in ancient times. The main argument in favor of this (unfounded) theory was the resemblance between the Latin name of the locality, Thalmus, and Talmud. Based on far more reliable data further on, the study presents the demographic evolution of the Jewish population in Sibiu from the middle of the l9th century to the present. Some problems related to the current interpretation of any census in Transilvania between l880- l9l8 are emphasized as well, when “nationality” was identified according to the respective mother tongue (which determined great distortion in the case of the Jews). The second part refers to the prayer houses of the Jews, especially the synagogue inaugurated in l899, which is currently on the list of historical monuments.

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Catagrafia oraşului Vaslui în 1828
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Catagrafia oraşului Vaslui în 1828

Author(s): Dan Dumitru Iacob,Valentin Constantinov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1+2/2003

The census of Vaslui town in 1828, even incomplete, offers new information about demographically and social development of the town, but also about the evolution of fiscal classes (tax payers, privileged et alii). In the relation with other sources, it presents interest for onomastic and genealogical potential which it possesses. Through a complete publication of this statistic source we are going to carry on the editing process of the Vaslui’s census, the process was initiated in the period of the interwar by the historian Gheorghe Ghibănescu.

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Populaţia Buzăului până la primul război mondial
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Populaţia Buzăului până la primul război mondial

Author(s): Viorel Gheorghe / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1+2/2003

Buzău war eine wichtige Handelstadt der Walachei und bereits in früher Zeit machte sich der Einfluss von Kronstadt / Braşov bewerkbar. In dieser Händlersiedlung ließ vor langer zeit eine Bevölkerung nieder, die zu verschiedenen Ethnien gehörte. So kam es in Buzău zum Zusammenleben veschiedener Völkergruppen, wie dieses in keinem anderen Teil des Landes zu finden war.

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