A Different Perspective on Innovation in Holocaust Studies

Author(s): Anna Corsten / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

When talking about the emergence of Holocaust studies as an academic field in the 1960s and 1970s, we often look at its development from a male perspective by focussing on the academic positions, honours, and the success of books. Thus, women are often excluded from this perspective since they chose different paths due to their career options and gender expectations at that time. Many female scholars therefore sought other possibilities to study the Holocaust, for example through teaching. In this article, I will look at the role played particularly by women but also male scholars through teaching Holocaust studies.

A Feminist Analysis: Sexual Violence in the Bosnian War (1992-1995)

Author(s): Özgenur Çaputlu / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2021

Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its ef-fects on Yugoslavian women. Throughout history, war violence has disproportionately affected women, especially in patriarchal societies. Wartime rape, which is the most common and destructive type of conflict-related sexual violence, is the clearest example of these effects. This study clarifies the sexual violence experiences of Yugoslavian women during the Bosnian War, which had lasted between the years 1992-1995, with an anti-militarist feminist perspective. The first part of the article includes hypotheses of feminist theory about conflict-related sexual violence. The second part handles types of sexual violence such as wartime rape, forced prostitution, and forced pregnancy that had affected women in Yugoslavian conflict areas between 1992-1995. The last part of the study describes the numerical dimensions of the sexual violence used in the Bosnian War and its effects on Yugoslavian women.

A Few Considerations Concerning the Presence of Hussite-Style War Wagons as Part of John Hunyadi’s Army.

Author(s): Raul-Alexandru Todika / Language(s): English,Romanian,German / Issue: 56/2019

The main objective of this paper is to bring forward a subject that was long neglected by the Romanian historiography and Slavic studies: the military importance of the contingents of Bohemian mercenaries within the army of John Hunyadi, and the extensive usage of the Wagenburg and the Hussite war wagons as part of the improvements of the armed forces in the Medieval Kingdom of Hungary. These changes were made by John Hunyadi during the first half of the fifteenth century, in relation to the tactical and strategic necessities imposed by the wars fought against the Turks. My approach of the topic sheds light on the ability of John Hunyadi to use the offensive, defensive, and logistical potential of this rudimentary but extremely versatile and efficient war machine, and points out at the fact that the Kingdom of Hungary was, at that time, up to date with the fourteenth- and fifteenth-century military technologies. In addition, this paper explores a variety of Christian and Ottoman sources and compares these narratives in regard to the subject. The current Romanian historiography has failed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the Hussite-style war wagons, and thus the relevance of this paper is linked to broadening the perspective on the matter.

A FEW NOTES ON PHRYGIAN AND THRACIAN SCRIPT AND LITERACY

A FEW NOTES ON PHRYGIAN AND THRACIAN SCRIPT AND LITERACY

Author(s): Maya Vassileva / Language(s): English / Issue: 16/2005

A FEW NOTES ON THE TAMGAS FROM THE GOLDEN PLAQUE IN THE SARMATIAN GRAVE AT DUNAHARASZTI (HUNGARY)

Author(s): Vitalie Bârcă / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2018

We examine herein the golden plaque identified in the looted Sarmatian grave identified at Dunaharaszti. On its surface are rendered three wolves (?) running left and a tamga, all in relief. The tamga is in the shape of two adjoining volutes. The loops are waving inward on the first, and outward on the second. The symbol is believed similar to that ascribed to king Farzoios for whom Olbia struck golden coin grosso modo by the end of AD the 50’ies – end of the 70’ies. Tamga symbols of king Farzoios are mainly known from coins and are in the shape of two half-circles set by the extremities and joined by a vertical line.Upon the examination of the symbol on the plaque from Dunaharaszti it was noted that parallels mentioned for it differ much, while its’ ascribing to king Farzoios farfetched. The author agrees that tamgas with certain deviations from those on the coins for Farzoios had belonged to other individuals, likely, from amongst the group led by this king or from within a group of Sarmatians under the control of the kingdom of Farzoios.The author mentions for the tamga on this plaque a few analogies identical or similar from the north-Pontic area, arguing that some are specific to the region on the right bank of the Dniper. In terms of dating, it is noted they are specific mainly to the period comprised between mid 1st century AD and mid 2nd century AD. It is further mentioned that in the north-Pontic area tamgas with parts similar with that from Dunaharaszti are numerous (in particular, the volutes with loops waving inwards), yet, these are not parallels with the tamga discussed here, according to the author.Last but not least it was noted that the tamga on the plaque at Dunaharaszti is practically the single authentic symbol on a valuable object from the Sarmatian Iazyges environment of the Great Hungarian Plain. Another observation is related to the fact that the tamgas in the Sarmatian Iazyges environment of the Great Hungarian Plain come from a series of finds that span over a period of ca. three centuries, while their number is insignificant. The small number of the tamgas in the Sarmatian Iazyges environment confirms they were used by a restricted number of Sarmatian tribes, the Iazyges from the Great Hungarian Plain not included. This further underlines also that tamgas in the Germanic environment were not adopted from the Iazyges, but reached the Germanic peoples upon contacts and military conflicts with the Sarmatian world from the north-west Pontic area.The plaque at Dunaharaszti dates most likely to the second half of the 1st century AD and reached the Great Hungarian Plain sometime towards the end of the 1st century AD (AD 80’ies) when very likely another Sarmatian migration occurred in the area. The tamga on the plaque evidences, according to the author, the presence in this area of the elites and is evidence, given the approximate period of Farzoios’s rule, that not those Sarmatians in the first wave carried the plaque to the Great Hungarian Plain. This confirms, together with other finds, that the Sarmatians entered this area in a few waves over the second half of the 1st century AD, possibly even by its end. Also, it is concluded that part of those migrating to the area were connected or even formed part for a short while from the Sarmatian group led by Farzoios and Inismeos.Lastly, it is not excluded that the plaque from Dunaharaszti indicates, beside a series of artefacts and elements from several archaeological finds, the presence within the wave of Sarmatians that entered the Great Hungarian Plain of individuals from the elites of the Sarmatians (Alani/Aorsi) who settled the north-west Pontic area starting with mid 1st century AD. This is possible, according to the author, should one keep in mind also that such elite might have been involved in the Iayzgian aristocracy from the north-west Pontic area. Regardless the facts, it is very likely that its representatives played an important role within this wave.

A French Page in the History of the Union of Brest: the Ruthenian Psalter of Jacques Davy Du Perron

Author(s): Laurent Tatarenko / Language(s): English / Issue: 114/2020

Until now, the mission carried out in Rome by the Ruthenian bishops Hipacy Pociej and Cyryl Terlecki between November 1595 and March 1596 was mainly known by a few scattered notes and reports left by the various members of the Curia, which were brought together in the second half of the 20th century in sources editions of Atanasij Velykyj. This is why the Ruthenian psalter found in the library of Évreux (Normandy) offers a new perspective on this founding stage of the Union of Brest. The book annotated by the hand of Pociej himself and offered to the French bishop Jacques Davy Du Perron, who was then in Rome, refl ects both the ecclesiological conceptions of the Ruthenian bishop of Volodymyr and his desire to place the unionist polemic in a wider confessional context, well beyond the borders of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The apparent failure of this initiative also comes as a testimony to the challenges faced by supporters of local Unions from the post-Tridentine period.

A goldsmith’s workshop in the Poznań stronghold as an indication of cultural contacts between the Piast and the Přemyslid dynasties

Author(s): Hanna Kóčka-Krenz / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2020

This paper gives details on a feature uncovered during archaeological research in Ostrów Tumski in Poznań, which yielded crucibles with particles of gold, fragments of gold foil, filigree, rivets, semi-finished products and finished products and beads from decorative stones. The feature was identified as a goldsmith’s workshop and attempts were made to determine the origin of the raw materials and where the artisans came from.

A GREAT KING AT MYCENAE. AN ARGUMENT FOR THE WANAX AS GREAT KING AND THE LAWAGETAS AS VASSAL RULER

Author(s): Jorrit M. Kelder / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2008

The position of the wanax in the Mycenaean world is often perceived as that of a local monarch, ruling from a palatial centre and controlling (to a large extent) the surrounding region. Territorially speaking, that region does generally not exceed its natural border, such as large rivers or major mountain ranges, and can be compared in size to most modern day nomes / provinces. Although these Mycenaean Kingdoms in a cultural respect appear to have been essentially the same, most archaeologists consider this the result of trade / exchange and sheer proximity to each other, rather than anything else. This view is based on archaeological data (which does not provide any evidence in favour of the view, but rather appears to provide no evidence for more than occasional contacts either) and evidence from Linear B texts (that indicate that palatial administration only directly affected the region surrounding the palace). As a rule, each Mycenaean Kingdom is thought to have been centred on a single large palatial settlement.

A hálózatelemzés alkalmazásáról a történettudományban

Author(s): Bálint Kovács / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 3-4/2012

In Western European historical research, the “network” concept has gained ever greater ground in the last 20 years; history has developed its own network analytical methods. In Hungary, however, only a handful of researchers have applied network analysis. First, this article surveys the development of network analysis in general (Georg Simmel, Wolfgang Köhler, Kurt Lewin, Jacob Moreno, George Homans, Siegfried Nadel). Second, it presents the conceptual background of network theory (clique, cluster, etc.), with special regard to Albert-László Barabási and Mark Granovetter (defining strong-ties and weak-ties). The spatial and temporal representation of networks poses no simple challenge to historians. In order to illustrate this, the article draws on the visual depictions and analyses in Dauser, Regina–Hächler, Stefan–Kempe, Michael–Mauelshagen, Franz–Stuber, Martin (ed.), Wissen im Netz. Botanik und Pflanzentransfer in europäischen Korrespondenznetzen des 18. Jahrhunderts. [=Colloquia Augustana. Band 24.] Berlin, 2008. The application of network theory in historical research is presented through the pioneering work done by Wolfgang Reinhard, followed by the main achievements of the network analytical “school” in Augsburg to date. Finally, the article presents in further detail three specific areas where network analysis may be applicable: (a) network theory in Medieval and Early Modern Studies; (b) network theory in the analysis of diaspora-type social groups; (c) network theory in the analysis of social associations.

A Historical Sketch of the Roma in the Bulgarian Lands at the Beginning of the Sixteenth Century

Author(s): Svetlana Ivanova / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2012

The paper aims at presenting new information concerning the Ottoman (short timar) tax registry TD 370 from 1530, comprising the Ottoman administrative unit region (beylerbeylik) of Rumelia (the Eastern Balkans, mostly the current-day Bulgarian lands). The historical record TD 370 offers a copious picture of the structure of the Ottoman society and the integration of the Roma into its different strata during the first half of the 16th century. An attempt for interpretation of the data on the geographical distribution and the quantitative parameters concerning the Christian and Muslim Roma, the Roma travellers and Roma settlers making their living through cultivating is offered. In addition, tax obligations and occupations of the Roma in the non-agrarian sphere are discussed as well as the integration of a substantial part of the Roma in the military organisation of the muselems.

A history of African linguistics, ed. by H. Ekkehard Wolff. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2019, 351 pp. ISBN 978-11-0828-397-7. DOI: 10.1017/9781108283977

Author(s): Patryk Zając / Language(s): English / Issue: 54/2020

A review of "A history of African linguistics, ed. by H. Ekkehard Wolff. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2019, 351 pp. ISBN 978-11-0828-397-7. DOI: 10.1017/9781108283977"

A hundred years after the Balkan Wars: lessons and messages

Author(s): Sinisha Daskalovski / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2013

A Journey from the Altar to the Narthex: Metropolitan Christophor and the Monastery of Bachkovo

Author(s): Emmanuel Moutafov,Tereza Bacheva / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

In late 2019, an altar column and table were entirely uncovered with a Greek inscription on it at the catholicon of the Monastery of Bachkovo while mounting the restored 17th-century ciborium. The first part of the inscription was copied from an authentic source, an antimension or a book/codex, while the second was added containing typical of the period errors revealing the literacy skills of the scribe. The inscription is published here for the first time, but has been known since the first half of the 20th century. The donor’s inscription on the Holy Table in Bachkovo, containing the name of Metropolitan Christophorus, logically raises the question about its connection with the other donor’s inscription, used to date the construction of the Church of the Most Holy Mother of God Petritsonitissa, above the west door to the narthex: were they inscribed by the same hand, were the murals at the naos and those at the narthex painted at the same time?

A Journey Intramuros. Processions and Other External Rites in Liturgical Manuscripts of Thessalonica

Author(s): Ilias Karalis / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The article aims to provide an accurate presentation of lites and two other outdoor rites, Indictus and in trullo (Saint Sophia) acclamation, performed in the urban fabric of Thessalonica in 15th century. Secondly, it draws attention to the investigation of the impact that these ceremonies had on the faithful. Information will be drawn from the works of Symeon, archbishop of Thessalonica (1416/7-1429).

A kubai kapcsolat. Az amerikai maffia havannai tevékenysége a Batista-rezsim és Fidel Castro forradalma idején

Author(s): András Lénárt / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 4/2020

US organized crime appeared in Havana in the 1930s, as one of the results of the close collaboration between the governments of Cuba and the United States in the first decades of the 20th century. In this period, the Italian and Jewish groups of the American mafia played an important role in Cuban politics, society and the Cuban economy. This extraordinary cooperation, especially with Fulgencio Batista, ended with the arrival of Fidel Castro, although the mafia did not disappear without a trace from the life of Havana. The aim of my paper is to highlight the most important characteristics, mobsters and events of the presence of organized crime in Havana.

A latin u-tövű semlegesneműek végződése nominativus-accusativusban

Author(s): Levente László / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1(2)/2001

A Look at a Small Southern Country: Uruguay

Author(s): Adriana Peluffo / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2020

Praca została poświęcona Urugwajowi, niewielkiemu państwu położonemu w Ameryce Łacińskiej, między dwoma dużymi sąsiadami: Argentyną i Brazylią. W artykule przedstawiono wybrane informacje społeczno-ekonomiczne i historyczne. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono sektorowi rolnemu i specjalizacji eksportowej, które są od dawna ważnymi czynnikami wzrostu gospodarczego kraju. W ostatnim czasie podobną rolę zaczęły odgrywać usługi. Druga część artykułu w całości poświęcona jest obecnej sytuacji, związanej z pandemią COVID-19, która rozpoczęła się w marcu 2019 r. W artykule przedstawiono sposoby radzenia sobie z pandemią w dziedzinie zdrowia i ekonomii. Artykuł kończy się pytaniami o prespektywy zakończenia pandemii i dalszego rozwoju gospodarczego kraju.

A magyar gazdaság mozgatórugói a középkorban. Az MTA BTK „Lendület” Középkori Magyar Gazdaságtörténet Kutatócsoport hároméves (2015–2018) beszámolója

Author(s): Boglárka Weisz / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 03/2019

A Matter of Pure Conscience? Franz Wieacker and his “Conceptual Change” [CRITIQUE]

Author(s): Tomasz Giaro / Language(s): English / Issue: 82/2020

Based on a recent biography of Franz Wieacker (1908–1994) two central questions are examined. Is it allowed to analyze a young, but already prominent German law professor of the Nazi era as a pure scholar whose identity remained unchanged from the times of Weimar to the Federal Republic of Germany? Is it plausible to treat the Nazis as progenitors of current European legal history, and in particular as founding fathers of European legal tradition?

A Monarch in Petticoat: Metaphors of the Body in Queen Elizabeth’s Representations

Author(s): Erzsébet Stróbl / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

Queen Elizabeth’s forty-five year reign is marked by refined representational strategies that aim to justify her rule as queen. One of the central issues she continuously addressed was female authority that defied traditional interpretations of the role of women within society. Instead of avoiding the question of her gender, Queen Elizabeth’s speeches, prayers and portraits consciously included corporeal references both to refute misogynist arguments and to manipulate gendered references as validation of female power. The article will analyse the metaphors of body in the Queen’s rhetoric and official representation in order to underline their significance as means to justify queenship in sixteenth-century England.