"Politics of History" as a Threat to the Internal Peace in Ukraine

Author(s): Dieter Segert / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

This article examines the role of the historical arratives and of the "politics of history" in the domestic politics of Ukraine. It compares the role of emotions within nationalistic and socialist ideological discourses about history. It gives an overview on different elements of national and regional identity in the country. It enquires mainly differences in self- identification, practical language use, pluralistic religious orientations, and media use. Some of the heterogeneities emerged in the past during industrialization of Soviet Ukraine. It suggests that differentiation is not objectively given but produced and exploited by political contestation for power. A main field of political polarization consists in the politics of history. It debates the outcomes of the laws on decommunization and the responsibility both of intellectuals and politicians for the nationalization politics. At the end the article stresses the possible alternative outcomes of history politics on the stability of the Ukraine as a nation state.

"Poslední husita" odchází Zdeněk Nejedlý v osidlech kulturní politiky KSČ po roce 1945

Author(s): Jiří Křesťan / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2005

The article is an outline of a fragment of the political biography of the leading Communist intellectual and politician Zdenek Nejedly (1878-1962), in which the author tries to depict Nejedly's role in making Czechoslovak policy on the arts and culture after the Liberation in May 1945 and, particularly, after the Communist takeover of February 1948. He then seeks to link this role with the personal side of Nejedly's life. He presents Nejedly as a respected historian and musicologist and as a participant in debates on politics and the arts, who in the interwar period had increasingly inclined towards the radical leftwing and gained considerable authority owing to his participation in the struggle against Nazi Germany, particularly as a member of the Communist leadership-in-exile in Moscow (having joined the Party in 1939). A consequence of this was his position in post-war Czechoslovakia, where he held a number of posts, including Mi¬nister of Education, Minister of Labour and Social Affairs, and the first Chairman of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences.

"Radio-Aktivität" ferngesehen

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 24/1956

text 1: "Prawda", Moscow, 1956-05-07 ("Radio na službe sovetskogo naroda") text 2: „Sarja wostoka“, Tiflis, 1956-04-29 ("Ja kupil televizor") text 3: „Otetschestwen front“, Sofia, 1956-03-24 ("Iz Sŭvetskija Sŭjuz")

"Retragerea la pădure", nu "retragerea la munte"

Author(s): Constantin C. Giurescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/1976

Am ales această temă în cadrul secţiei „Procesul de formare a poporului român", fiindcă mi se pare că are o deosebită însemnătate. Sînt anumite formule care se repetă din generaţie în generaţie; a apucat să le spună o mare personalitate sau se găsesc în lucrări de seamă şi pe urmă continuă a fi spuse fără ca să se procedeze la o cerce­ tare mai amănunţită a lor.

"Schlagfertige" Volksvertreter

Author(s): Adriano Grande / Language(s): German Issue: 17/1953

Originally published in: "Il Tempo", Rom, 3. April 1953 (Original title: Ed ora ripariamo l'aula del Senato (Der Sitzungssaal des Senats wird wieder instandgesetzt))

"Schwarze Schafe" oder SÜlnellböcke?

Author(s): Nikita Khrushchev / Language(s): German Issue: 21/1957

Originally published in: "Prawda", Moskau, 7. Juli 1957 (Original title: Rec' tovarisca N. S. Chrusceva na mitinge kollektiva zavoda "Elektrosila") "Prawda", Moskau, 16. Juli 1957 (Original title: Miting na leningradskom zavode "Bol'sevik". Rec' Marsala Sovetskogo Sojuza G. K. Žukova)

"Sozialistische Gesetzlichkeit" und Rechtsstaat

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 23/1957

Originally published in: "Bulletin of the International Commission of Jurists", Den Haag, Dezember 1956 (Original title:The "Rule of Law" and "Socialist Legality" in the USSR)

"Społem" PSS Wadowice - zarys historii

Author(s): Andrzej Kotowiecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2020

In the introduction, the Author presents a brief historical outline of the cooperative movement in Poland. The activity of Common Cooperative of Consumers „Społem” Wadowice, based on the chronicle of this organization, was presented with particular emphasis on its development in the first post-war years. The author characterized the contribution of cooperatives to the development of the city, the local service market and entrepreneurship. The whole ends with a summary in which he emphasizes that the transformations of the 1990s led to an almost complete collapse of this form of socio-economic activity.

"Staat des gesamten Volkes" - ein Rechtsstaat?

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): German Issue: 02/1965

source: Правда, Moscow, Dec. 6, 1964 (Der Staat des gesamten Volkes)

"Sudetoněmecká otázka" v české akademické debatě Miroslav Kunštát po roce 1989

Author(s): Michal Kopeček / Language(s): Czech Issue: 03/2003

The aim of the article is to summarise Czech academic discussions concerning the Sudeten German issue after 1989. As the turn came and freedom and democracy were restored again, this particular issue could have been dealt in a new array. Despite that, prisms of a tragic result of the Czech - German historical relationship in the Czech Lands during 1938-46 period dominated its perception during 90'ies, too. From an outside point of view, President Benes's decrees dominated, as well as the eviction issue, i.e. the two themes closely connected with the political percep¬tions, despite repeated attempts of historians to get rid of it. The authors did not aspirate to sum up the recent historiography. Instead, they took a closer eye on its concepts, attempting to express their criticism of the theoretical and ideological limits of the debates. Their discussion can be classified on basis of an ideal typical model within its two polar positions with the regard to eviction of German population after WW II. . The model of reductionism, based on the principles of dichotomy, is characterised by a horizontal line separating the supporters from critics of the eviction

"Sunt mihi quae valeant in talea pondera". Opanowanie wschodnich nadbałtyckich prowincji szwedzkich przez armię rosyjską w 1710 r.

Author(s): Paweł Krokosz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

"Tělesná jinakost" jako kategorie historické analýzy

Author(s): Lucie Storchová,Kateřina Kolářová / Language(s): Czech Issue: 02/2011

The collection of texts that we present in this special section introduces disability and bodily difference as a category of historical analysis. In the editorial we argue against the so-called minoritising view of disability and for an approach that discloses disability as a material effect of power/knowledge system and historical processes of normalisation. The presented texts were originally read at a conference Representation of bodily difference through interdisciplinary perspective (October 6-7th, 2010). It was its aim to discuss the analytical potential of “disability” and to instigate interest in disability-based historical analysis and research. The students and junior researchers oriented event was followed by an international conference Cripping Neoliberalism: Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Governing and Imagining Dis/Ability and Bodily Difference (October 8-9th, 2010), both of the event were organized with the support of School of Humanities, Charles University and the Institute of Philosophy of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.

"Temné jeho oči doslova fascinují"

Cesta českých kulturních pracovníků do Německa a Holandska v září 1940

Author(s): Jiří Křesťan / Language(s): Czech Issue: 3-4/2020

Between 1939 and 1943, trips to Nazi Germany and to territories occupied by Germany (France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Poland, a large part of the Soviet Union) ranked among important tools influencing the public opinion in the so-called Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. The study deals with a trip of a group of Czech intellectuals – artists, representatives of culture and journalists – to Germany and the Netherlands in September 1940. Under German guidance, the 35-strong delegation was composed to give a representative and diverse impression. Apart from newspapermen collaborating with Germans, such as Karel Lažnovský (1906–1941) or Vladimír Krychtálek (1903–1947), men active in different segments of culture were invited as well, including personalities as outstanding as the directors of the dramatic company and the opera ensemble of the National Theatre in Prague, Jan Bor (1886–1943) and Václav Talich (1883–1961), respectively, operatic singers Jan Konstantin (1894–1965) and Pavel Ludikar (1882–1970), violin virtuoso Váša Příhoda (1900–1960), publisher Bedřich Fučík (1900–1984), or architect Jan Sokol (1904–1987). The study focuses primarily on five writers who took part in the trip. Jaroslav Durych (1886–1962) and Václav Renč (1911–1973) ranked among Catholic-oriented authors, while Josef Knap (1900–1973) and Jan Čarek (1898–1966) represented so-called ruralists (writers of the country), and Josef Hora (1891–1945) was a leading poet, initially writing social poetry and later reflexive lyric poetry. Between the wars, all of them had been critical toward the reality of the First Republic in one way or another, the first four from conservative positions and Hora on the left (until 1929, he had been a member of the Communist Party). The trip’s programme had been put together very ingeniously. In addition to proofs of the Third Reich’s brutal strength (a visit of the bombed-out city of Rotterdam, a sightseeing tour of the Krupp arms factory in Essen), the travelers were served a menu of diverse cultural experiences (visits of theatrical performances, exhibitions and museums, outstanding architectural creations etc.). In Berlin, they were received by Joseph Goebbels (1897–1945), Reichsminister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, who emphasized, while addressing them, that the survival of the Czech nation and its culture depended on its submission to the German Reich. Upon their return home, all participants were forced to give public statements about the trip and their impressions, which had to conform to Nazi propaganda. Having described the above facts, the author analyzes defence strategies which the above mentioned authors were using while writing made-to-order articles or showing their supposed loyalty in order to avoid being dragged into the Nazi propaganda machine. They were bypassing some topics, resorting to allegories and ambiguities, and making use of concealed irony. In the end of the study, the author follows the fates of those who took part in the trip to Germany and the Netherlands, pondering, in a more general manner, fuzzy boundaries and dilemmas of guilt and collaboration in a totalitarian regime. Attached to the article are short biographies of all thirty-five participants in the trip.

"Terzijarija". Tajna sistematskog obogaćivanja bokeljskih pomoraca

Author(s): Pavao Butorac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 04+05/1934

Бокељски трговци држали су се, као и млетачки, начeла слободне трговине. Само што ово начела несамо да није било у сукобу са захтјевима трговачке солидарности, неrо ју је учвршћивало, будући да се ју у праксу проводило управ зато да се онемогуће насиља гусара уопће, а Турака у арбанашкоме приморју понапосе.

"The Events of Times" by Abraham Trebitsch of Mikulov (Nikolsburg). The Chronicle and Its Relationship to the Development of Modern Historiography

Author(s): Iveta Vondrášková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2001

The study deals with the first part of the Hebrew Chronicle „Qorot ha-cittim“ by A. Trebitsch of Nikolsburg (around 1760-1840). It compares this work with the contemporary historiography and tries to elucidate the chronicle’s place and significance within the framework of Hebrew historiography.

"Tripe Soup for All Women!"

Transgression of Gender Boundaries as Part of Female Identity in Communist and Contemporary Bulgaria

Author(s): Albena Shkodrova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

There is growing interest into how cultural frameworks produce stereotypes of “masculine” and “feminine” foods. The patterns and dynamics of this process have been discussed mainly from a socio-cultural perspective, but the research thus far has failed to create a conceptual framework to explain both the persistence in the association of some foods with a specific gender and shifts in others. Based on a case study of attitudes in communist and post-communist Bulgaria towards tripe soup – a dish with great potential to be perceived as manly – this article suggests that it is useful to consider food gendering as composed of several levels of codification. One of them is the perception about what constitutes masculinity and femininity in general, and this transpires to be the most conservative and consistent across periods and cultural frameworks. The second level of codification is the attribution to foods of certain traits, which are then associated with the content of masculinity and/or femininity. The associations made on this level are sometimes able to shift, depending on the cultural framework, but they can also form stable compounds, such as the association between meat and masculinity. The third level of codification is the inclination of the sexes to transgress the borders set by the first two levels in the process of building their gender identity. As gender is not something that one is, but something that one does, individuals assume their gender roles depending upon circumstances, and it is possible that this level of “codification” is a level of constant enactments, the most volatile of the three. This article investigates how tripe soup was constructed as “masculine” and how these discourses have been challenged. It argues that the process reflects shifts in the acceptability of women’s association with “masculinity”, rather than changes in the perceptions of what constitutes “the feminine” or “the masculine”.

"Urbář" kláštera augustiniánů-eremitů v Pivoni v knihovně Angelica v Římě

Author(s): Stanislav Petr,Irena Zachová / Language(s): Czech,Latin Issue: 39/2009

This article analyses in detail a land register dating from the year 1733 (Sg. 1976) which was found recently in Rome, focusing on its contents and on the wider context of the contents. The manuscript brings furthermore a history of the convent in prose and in vers the translation of which consitutes a part of the article.

"Ustaše sa strane - s fesovima na glavi!" Jedna problematična teza o nasiljima u istočnoj Hercegovini 1941. godine

Author(s): Ivica Šarac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 6/2020

The article seeks to test a thesis - that was set during the Second World War and gradually grew into an unquestionable fact in a part of historiographical literature - "foreign Ustashe", primarily those from the western parts of Herzegovina, were the most responsible for crimes committed over Serbian-Orthodox community in the East Herzegovina during 1941. The article is composed of two parts: analytical elaboration in the first part and appendices containing extracts from documents of the District Court in Mostar.

"V hlave tridsať, v krížoch sto". Starnutie v autobiografiách v Bratislave a Viedni.

Author(s): Ľubica Voľanská / Language(s): Slovak

Európa šedivie. Staroba a starnutie sa tak stále častejšie stávajú predmetom mediálneho, sociálno-politického i výskumníckeho záujmu. Subjektívne prežívanie tejto životnej etapy i starnutia ako procesu je však v stredoeurópskom prostredí v sociálnych vedách skúmané málo. Ľubicu Voľanskú zaujímali motivácie správania sa a činností starých ľudí, ich postoje k vlastnému správaniu a konaniu a k správaniu a konaniu iných, ako sú zobrazené v ich autobiografických textoch. V monografii sleduje ambivalentné vnímanie staroby vo verejnom a odbornom diskurze prepojené s vnímaním starými ľuďmi v súvislosti s hranicami staroby. Bežne kladené otázky: Kto je starý? Ako možno stanoviť časovú alebo inú hranicu, odkedy je človek starý? necháva zodpovedať svojich partnerov a partnerky vo výskume. Ich výpovede dáva do kontextu širokej odbornej literatúry, ktorá sa hranicou staroby a prežívaním staroby zaoberá.

"V zájmu ochrany hranic": Přesídlení obyvatel ze zakázaného a hraničního pásma (1951–1952)

Author(s): David Kovařík / Language(s): Czech Issue: 03-04/2005

The article aims to describe the forced resettlement of the inhabitants from the areas at the western frontier of Czechoslovakia in consequence of the aim of the State to increase the ‘security’ of these areas at the height of Stalinism and the Cold War. The border zone was set up in April 1950, and ran in a width of between two and six kilometres from the demarcation line. A year later a 'forbidden zone' was drawn over it, which ran a consistent two kilometres in width from the frontier and included 126 villages. Whereas people branded ‘politically unreliable’ (státně nespolehliví) were forced to move out of the border zone, while others were subject to various security measures, everyone was forced to move out of the forbidden zone. More than 5,000 people were affected by the operation, which took place from November 1951 to April 1952, overseen by the state security forces. The author notes that often neither the public nor even the local authorities were sufficiently informed; though rumours spread and people grumbled, few spoke out openly against it, and, from the point of view of the authorities, the operation took place largely without complications. On a smaller scale forced migration continued in consequence of the adjustments to the border zone and the forbidden zone. From 1952 to 1960 more than 100 villages were obliterated in the forbidden zone, and more than 45,000 buildings were demolished in the depopulated villages of the borderlands.