Етнодемографски процеси при ромското население в Северозападна България от края на ХІХ до началото на ХХІ век

Author(s): Nadezhda IlIeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

This study analyzes the changes in the number and location of the Roma ethnic group in Northwestern Bulgaria. It traces the influence of natural reproduction and migration processes on the spatial dislocation of Roma. We have established two periods with changes in the structure of settlements regarding the proportion of the Roma population : from the end of the 80s until the early 90s, when a clear trend of increase in the share of the Roma population is observed (above 10 %) and in 2011 (the last census) 50 % of these settlements have 70 % share of the Roma population. The changes in the ethnic structure of the settlements and the expansion of their territory leads to emergence and gradual expansion of the Northwest region with high concentration of Roma population. It covers 4.1 % of Bulgaria (2011) and 8.9 % of the Roma population live on its territory.

Увод

Author(s): / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

Статистико-аналитична оценка на мигриранията на България

Author(s): Penka Naydenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

Two options are followed in the presented paper. The main one outlines on the need the migration process to be evaluated in the sense of system analyses as far as its parameters concern all other development systems as impact¬ing and influencing. The suitable modelling and preliminary correlation studies are recommended. The second one is some evaluation of the time series 1990–2025 of migrants to be presented by combining data of researches of the BAS and the National Statistical Institute.

Българската наука за миграционните движения на населението по българските земи през XVIII – средата на XX в. – със¬тояние на проучванията и изследователски перспективи

Author(s): Ventzislav Muchinov,Shtelian Shterionov,Daniela Angelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The article outlines the state of the Bulgarian science in the study of migrations performed by the population inhabiting the Bulgarian lands during the period from 18th to the middle of the 20th century. It outlines the main stages in the dynamics of this type of research and the main thematic areas on which concentrated previous researchers on this issue. Based on our analysis unexplored and poorly studied problems are established and the main tasks facing future researchers in the field of migration movements are formulated.

Външната миграция в контекста на социално-икономическите про¬цеси и нейното очаквано влияние върху демографското развитие на България

Author(s): Todor Todorov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

This report aims at outlining the prospects for the demographic development of Bulgaria in the context of the socio-economic processes, regarding of the potential which the migration inflows possess for alleviating the negative effects of the demographic crisis in the future. The current trends of the population ageing and international migration in the country and EU are identified. The existing external migration management policies in Bulgaria are discussed.

Трансграничната мобилност на работната сила в ЕС: демо¬графски и социално-икономически измерения за България

Author(s): Katia Vladimirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

Movement of people between EU Member States constitutes external migration for each Member State; however, when migration happens within the European Union, it is defined as mobility. Predominantly, it involves economically active population, whose migration is employment-related. This article covers the subject of cross-border movement of workers from and to Bulgaria between EU Member States. Special emphasis is placed on the specifics of this mobility, which define the size and structure of emigration from and immigration to Bulgaria in recent years. In general, de jure and de facto rights and opportunities of Bulgarian citizens in other EU countries and those of EU citizens in Bulgaria are equal and reciprocal. Those rights are linked with guaranteed rights to freedom of movement, training and qualification, and social security for the respective workers and their families. The single market of workforce in the European Union operates within fast-developing migration processes in the world, especially in recent years. The long-term demographic and economic consequences for Bulgaria and changes in its potential for development are presented in that context, with respective considerations of the necessary and viable policies in the new political, economic and social realities.

Отражение на вътрешната миграция върху регионалната демо¬графска ситуация

Author(s): Chavdar Mladenov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The analysis of the internal migration influence on the regional demographic situation is based on administrative district level since the information needed is only available for between-district migration. The analyzed period is between 2001 and 2011. Correlation interdependence between migrations and the demographic situation has been established. The net migration rate has been linked to the dynamics of population number, age structure and reproduction of the population. A linear correlation between migration, population number and age structure has been found. The net migration rate is not proportional to the reproduction of the population for there are other indirect socio-economic and psychological factors as well. On regional level, the relative share of the net migration rate in the formation of the population number has been revealed for each administrative district.

Ежедневната трудова миграция – инструмент за гъвкава заетост и демографска стабилизация на малките селища

Author(s): Bozhidar Arsov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

Daily interaction between the neighboring small settlements covers over 400 000 labour migrants from all municipalities and affects most of the settlements. The time spent in travelling is over 500,000 hours per day.The demographic and economic crises, structural changes in the economy caused strong territorial imbalance in available jobs and the supply of labour in small depopulated settlements and municipalities. They are without any investments to create jobs. The only realistic alternative for unemployed person in such places is to seeking job outside of the settlement.The change of place of residence needed additional finance costs for housing. It is too hard for most of the job seekers and the daily labour migration is the only realistic alternative for them. The application of daily migration, however, is difficult because of the low pay of migrants and relatively high transport costs.It is necessary to subsidy daily labour migration on the principle of shared social responsibility by the corporations, local government and state administration.Development and optimization of daily labour migration require adequate policies to reduce the time and cost of travel, and to improve the conditions of travel. These policies should be shared social responsibility of the corporations, local government and public administration.Every day labour migration is necessary, though it is not sufficient condition for a flexible and efficient functioning of the labour market. It increases employment and reduces the structural deficit of the workforce. In the same time it reduces unwanted emigration and supports the small settlements.

Демографска ситуация, вътрешна миграция и регионални раз¬личия в България

Author(s): Rossitsa Rangelova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

The relationship between demographic characteristics of regional units and the level of economic development is mutually determined. It is often subject of research in our country from experts and organizations. The paper considers the relationship between basic demographic characteristics and internal migration in Bulgaria and how they impact on the level of economic development of the individual regional units. The vicious circle is the following: stronger migration – older population in declining regions – lower level of socio-economic development in them. Based on the international comparison of EU countries unenviable position of Bulgaria as a country with the largest regional differences is shown.

Пространствени неравновесия във възрастовия миграционен при¬раст на населението в Р България

Author(s): Stanka Zhekova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

This report presents the results of a study of the spatial imbalances of the age net migration in Bulgaria. Correspondence analysis is used for the formation of the territorial units in the country that differ significantly in terms of their age profile of the net migration flow. The application of the correspondence analysis is accomplished on the basis of residence differentiated two-dimensional distribution of the net migration flow by districts and migrants’ age in 2014. As a result, territorial units are highlighted that determine the spatial variation of the age migration growth in Bulgaria. They are analysed in terms of the age composition of the net migration growth and its impact on the age structure of their population. Finally, conclusions are made as well as summaries of the results obtained.

Оценка на нетната миграция според резултатите от пре¬брояванията на населението в България (1992–2011)

Author(s): Stanislava Moraliyska-Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2015

Aim of this study is to compare the intensity of external migra¬tion processes in both periods between the last three censuses and provide estimates for the size and structure by age and sex of foreign migration. The assessment is based on the results obtained from the census in 1992, 2001 and 2011, due to the poor quality of information on international migration from the current statistics. Obtained indirect estimates show that emigration from the country continues to be high, but due to the large immigration flows in some age groups, the negative migra¬tion balance in the second period under consideration decreased.

Икономически параметри на миграционния процес

Author(s): Penka Naydenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The historical and regional economic determinants of the present migration are discussed, reasoning the movement from underdeveloped to higher developed places at domestic or regional level. The low economic level and quality of work and life are particularly analysed in Bulgaria being considered as a transit country by refugiests and legal emigrants. In this context the long years of international emigration of Bulgaria are considered, as well as the internal migration towards the towns having better living conditions and chance of job finding. The conclusion is that the regional economic inequality could be considered as a start of real demographic crises, if measures of improvement and better circumstances of getting jobs, social infrastructure and living standard are not involved.

Трансконтиненталното движение на населението – икономически и демографски предизвикателства за България

Author(s): Katia Vladimirova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The migration of population between countries and continents is one of the most pertinent issues for many countries, especially for the states in Europe and the European Union. In its predominant part, it is predetermined by continued military action in the countries in the Middle East and North Africa, but also by economic difficulties, lack of job opportunities and incomes, by political, religious and social security. This paper is dedicated to that new and massive in its scope migration flow and the situation in Bulgaria as one of directly affected countries. The article analyzes the trends, the size and the structure of that movement for various groups of persons as determined by their status (refugees, immigrants), and the relevant policies. The situation in Bulgaria is reviewed in the context of historical developments, the existing global, European and national policies and the development of Bulgaria – in terms of demography, economy and social aspects.

Аспекти на демографската политика на България в условията на миграционен натиск

Author(s): Spas Tashev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The National Strategy for Demographic Development of Bulgaria (2012-2030) is analyzed in terms of the new migration phenomenon faced by the country in recent years -the migration pressure. It proceeds from the fact that during the period when the strategy was worked out, such increased migration pressure did not exist and it is not taken into account. Considering the increase of continuous migration pressure, an update of the National Strategy for Demographic Development of the Republic of Bulgaria is necessary. The migration flows through Bulgaria and near-by are basically transit. Although it is possible for this situation to be changed as a consequence of the influenceof three main factors: the uncertain future of Dublin regulation agreement, the common border between Bulgaria and Turkey (which is a major gateway to Europe), and the internal fragmentation of the Schengen area since 2015. These evidences bring forth the important conclusion that the immigration processes in Bulgaria and in neighbor countries will not depend longer on the push and pull factors only, but on the changing of the common European immigration situation. Some specific policies and solutions have been suggested. They would allow Bulgaria to control and to manage the immigration process according to its national interests and to the needs of its economy.

Съвременни измерения на образованието на ромските деца в община Кюстендил

Author(s): Ilona Tomova,Irina Vandova,Stanislava Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2016

The paper explores issues associated with school integration of Roma children in the Municipality of Kyustendil (Bulgaria), where they constitute nearly 2/5 of all children at school age. Analysis is based on qualitative research conducted in 2014-2015. Among the issues covered are: Roma children’s preschool education, early dropout of school, school segregation/desegregation, access to quality education, and their vocational education and training. The focus is on the inequalities concerning access to quality education for Roma children (as well as for rural children, children in institutions, children from poor families), a problem typical for the whole educational system in Bulgaria which leads to the reproduction and reinforcement of social inequality and stratification. In conclusion, a SWOT analysis of the municipal educational system is conducted, in order to support the efforts of local authorities to find better solutions to enhance the municipality’s human capital.

Canalizing and Coding: the Notion of “Milieu” in Foucault’s Lectures On Governmentality

Author(s): Thomas Lemke / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4 EN/2016

This article seeks to analyze the significance and the dimensions of the notion of “milieu” in Foucault’s lectures on governmentality at the Collège de France. After reconstructing Foucault’s brief genealogy of the term, I will put forward two arguments. First, I will show that the “milieu” constitutes a strategic element in the emergence of a liberal governmentality in the 18th century. Secondly, I will argue that mobilizing the “milieu” not only enables the government of humans but also makes possible a “government of things” (Foucault) that addresses complexes or assemblages of humans and non-humans.

Социално-демографски детерминанти на баланса между работа и личен живот в България. Резултати от Европейското социално изследване

Author(s): Elitsa Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The article focuses on the socio-demographic determinants of work-life balance in Bulgaria. With the development of post-industrial societies, the life-work balance becomes particularly important. The article provides a theoretical overview of the leading concepts on work-life balance. Data from the European Social Survey conducted in 2010 in Bulgaria was used. A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out and a logistical regression model was applied in order to highlight the factors that affect the balance between private and professional life. The analysis shows that there are significant gender differences in the satisfaction of the balance between private and professional life among men and women in Bulgaria. Education and occupational status of individuals are significant predictors of the satisfaction of the life-work, as they are directly related to the profession that individuals exercise. Higher education is related with higher satisfaction of the balance between private and professional life. Individuals who have their own business (self-employed) have significantly lower satisfaction of the balance between working and personal life.

„Съгласувано“ детство: плурализиране на родителските грижи при семейства от центъра на София

Author(s): Nevena Dimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

In this article I look at the specifics of an ever more popular model for raising children in central Sofia. In this model the everyday life of the family focuses on the extracurricular activities of the children and the engagement of the parents with their organization and realization. In the Sofia version of “concerted cultivation” (Lareau, 2011) children attend at least two after class activities which burdens them with additional work, while their parents face substantial time and financial engagements. In comparison to practices of “concerted cultivation” in other cultural contexts where extracurricular classes are seen as enrichment activities, institutionalized forms of play and children’s socialization, my contention is that among the studied families in central Sofia the engagement of children with multiple educational after school classes can be seen as a major strategy for increasing their social capital and gaining advantage in uncertain times. Parents invest in their children’s academic development to compensate for insecurities of the present and worries about the future. The instability of their own economic position, as well as their personal experiences and will to provide better alternatives for their children are the main factors which contribute to the creation of a new image of childhood by these parents – that of a work environment and preparation stage for successful future.

Instead of a Polity – Ample Ethnic Pockets Elsewhere

Author(s): Stephan E. Nikolov / Language(s): English Issue: Special 2/2019

The growth trend of the Bulgarian population, especially between the 19th and 20th centuries, persisted for a long time, until the 1960s. As early as the 1980s, demographists and sociologists (e.g., M. Minkov) warned of an impending demographic crisis. But the measures taken (child birth allowances, housing for young families with two or more children, strict restriction on abortion on request, and the introduction of the so-called “single’s tax”) did not lead to positive results. After the democratic changes that commenced in 1989-90, new factors of population decline were added to the old ones. Here we shall point out one of them – the growing emigration of people of working and childbearing age. Data analysis has shown that emigration accounts for 1/3 of the population decrease. Bulgarians working abroad already surpass in number those employed in the economy of Bulgaria by more than 300 thousand.Is it possible to repeat what we call the “Alcek model” in the 21st century? There are many examples of compact “pockets” of Bulgarian emigrant population in different parts of the world. There the emigrants have jobs, purchase property, give birth to children who later attend local schools. This implies they have little intention of returning to Bulgaria. Our forecast is that, with time, the prospects that these large groups of people, in their best age span, would return are declining. They will never contribute to overcome the impending economic and demographic crisis in the country of origin. By now, the only link of generations of Bulgarian grandchildren to their ancestral home is through Skype. The Bulgarian ethnos will not disappear, but will continue to exist in a modified form, as has happened to other nations since the time of the near-mythical Alcek.

Spolna etnička i obrazovna struktura stanovništva Bijeljine od 1945. do 1953.godine

Author(s): Sead Selimović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 12/2020

The author writes about the gender, ethnic and educational structure of population of Bijeljina from 1945 to 1953. He points out that the area of Bijeljina was part of the Tuzla district after the Second World War. Since 1949, Bijeljina has been an integral part of the Tuzla region, and since 1952, it has been one of the 66 districts of the People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The area of Bijeljina consisted of the District of Bijeljina and the City of Bijeljina. In the total population of Bijeljina, women were more numerous than men and made up 52.24% of the population of the District and 52.29% of the population of the City. Women played an important role in the socio-economic, cultural and educational life of Bijeljina. Bosniaks, Serbs, Croats and members of other nations lived together in the area of Bijeljina, and the number of inhabitants was continuously increasing. In 1948 there were 77,482 inhabitants and in 1953, 86,865 inhabitants which was an increase of 9,383 persons or 11.49%. Serbs made up the majority in Bijeljina County (80%) and Bosniaks in the City (52%). In the area of Bijeljina, in 1948, there were 51,031 persons or 65.86% of the population without education, 24,160 persons or 31.18% with completed primary school, and 1,649 persons or 2.13% of the population with lower secondary education. 565 persons or 0.73% had completed secondary school, and 73 persons or 0.09% of the population of Bijeljina had completed college and university. There were 32,522 women or 63.73% of the total number of persons without education and 18,509 men or 36.27% without education. In addition, the literacy of the population was at a very low level. As many as 22,139 or 37.76% of people over the age of nine were illiterate. In the area of Bijeljina, in the period 1945-1953., the number of primary schools increased from 34, 1946, to 53, 1953. In addition to primary schools, there were other schools: Teacher's, Gymnasium, Secondary Agricultural School. With such a population structure in Bijeljina, the reconstruction and the first five-year plan were carried out very ambitiously.