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Self-Employment and Enterpreneurship as a Choice: an Example of Serbia

Author(s): Marko Laketa,Jugoslav Aničić,Svetlana Vukotić,Nebojša Zakić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

The transition to a market economy in Serbia still hasn’t created a good enough enviroment for enterpreneurship to flourish. Enterpreneurship is more commonly manifested as a result of the push effect- the need for work and survival, and it’s success is the result of the pull effect- recognizing bussiness possibilities and market chances. The economic crisis has further increased unwanted demographic movements, especially inside migration of younger and more educated population from rural areas to bigger cities. The only way to battle the high unemployment rate of women and the young in Serbia is to create more attractive conditions for the development of enterpreneurship. That can be acomplished by bettering the macroeconomic ambience of business as well as by funding the need for start-up capital. The first priority is to create the conditions necessary for safe and long term business development.

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Tourist Event "DAYS OF PLUM" At Blace - Demographic and Geographic Analysis of Visitors

Author(s): Milena Cvetković,Željko Bjeljac,Suzana Lović Obradović / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

The event "Days of Plum – My Plum" at Blace has been one of 42 events dedicated to fruits and vegetables and one of three events dedicated to plum in Serbia. It has been held for nine consecutive years in the town situated in the wide Toplica valley at the foot of Jastrebac, where in a relatively favourable climate conditions there are good conditions for development of plum, so it has become a traditional event. This paper analyzes the results of a survey conducted during the last event, August 2011. The survey is used as methodical procedure because in relatively short time period a relatively large amount of information and data has been obtained. The survey includes 304 randomly selected respondents of different gender, age and educational structures. It was performed to examine the tourism market, attitudes and behaviour of visitors, as well as tourism promotion. In addition to the survey, the tourist valorisation of events is done in which the elements of geographic and economic groups of criteria are analysed in order to investigate the tourism potential in terms of development of tourism as an economic sector that can contribute to the development of Blace as an underdeveloped area.

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Comments and Reviews

Author(s): Milica Pecelj / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2012

Milica Pecelj - PROCEEDINGS OF THE THIRD CONGRESS OF SERBIAN GEOGRAPHERS HELD IN BANJA LUKA Geographical Society of Republika Srpska, Faculty of Natural Sciences and MathematicsUniversity of Banja Luka, Banja Luka, 2011

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Simulation of Spatial Form of Urban Systems By Diffusion Methods (Part 1)

Author(s): Yaroslav Vyklyuk / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2013

Modeling method for forecasting of social-economic processes in accordance with methodology of applique fractal crystals growth methods in fuzzy attraction potential field was proposed. Impact of model empirical parameters on appearance of fractal structure fluctuations in the form of creating additional aggregation centers was investigated. Computer experiments give a possibility to simulate structures which are well correlated with experimental data received.

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Аtmospheric Natural Disasters In Serbia - Management Experience And Economic Effects

Author(s): Miroljub Mitić,Đorđe Nikolić,Jugoslav Nikolić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2013

Natural disasters occur as a result of an action of natural forces and represent limitations in spatial planning and efficient spatial development, with different consequences in terms of scope on humans, living things and tangible property. Consequences can be ecological, economic, in terms of health, demographic, social, psychological, etc. Weather modification management involves policies, methods, techniques and technologies that affect atmospheric features in order to make atmospheric water useful for humans, while eliminating its negative effects. Highly significant risk of natural disasters in Serbia is related to hailstorm disasters and droughts as atmospheric elementary disasters. The goal of this paper is to present certain methodologies and experience in Serbia in the weather modification management, mainly in the hailstorm processes. This paper provides analysis and critical review of the methodology of an action, with the analysis of the economic benefits. Cost-benefit analysis of a hail suppression project in Serbia was performed. The results point to the economic justification of some aspects of artificial influence on weather disasters.

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Changes In Spatial-Functional Development Of The Municipality Of Inđija (Serbia)

Author(s): Marija Drobnjaković,Radmila Miletić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

In the municipality of Inđija the influences are very closely connected between the two most populated and economically most important cities in Serbia: Belgrade and Novi Sad. The benefit that is expressed in the position of the municipality has reflected the development of settlements, their population strengthening, diversification of activities and functional transformation. Changes in functional characteristics were analysed for 1971 and 2002, with reference to the last population census in 2011. Functions of labour in the municipality were recognized in terms of employment and distribution by activities at the municipal level and in terms of delimitation of labour centres on the basis of the daily mobility of the active population who carries interest at the settlement level. The observed trends can serve as a basis for determining potential routes of the spatial-functional development of settlements and municipality as a whole in future.

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Depopulation Of Villages In Southeastern Serbia Аs Hindrance To Economic Development

Author(s): Irina Prigunova,Suzana Lović Obradović,Stefana Babović / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

Socio-economic data of the villages belonging to the municipality Vladičin Han were analyzed in the paper. This municipality is part of Pčinjski district and is located in southeastern Serbia. The villages have typical rural character and are located in mountain area, except Priboj, which is dislocated in the 19th century. The lowest is Priboj (350–460 m) and the highest one is Kukavica (1,170–1,230 m). The subject of this paper is also the settlements of Lebet, Rdovo and Kostomlatica. The data obtained are the result of processing database retrieved from the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, related to the period 1971–2011. At the beginning of this period, the village with the largest population was Priboj (359 inhabitants). According to the last census (in year 2011), there lived 296 inhabitants with average age of 44. The settlement with the smallest population, according to the latest census, is Kostomlatica village. There live 10 inhabitants with an average age of 76.3 years. Other demographic indicators point to the extinction of the villages in this region. Depopulation is the problem to which state does not pay enough attention, especially in mountainous and border areas.

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Matthew the Poor: Towards Modern Birth Control Methods in the Coptic Orthodox Church

Author(s): Jaroslav Franc / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2019

The paper is focused on the Matta el-Meskeen (Matthew the Poor) and his reflection of selected bioethical issue: birth control. The paper deals with the forming stages of the bioethical discussions within the Coptic Orthodox Church in Egypt. The research is based on Matthew the Poor’s articles and books. The first part presents his teachings about theosis as an key concept of his theology in general and bioethics in particular. The second part brings analysis of his birth control reflections and presents his observations about the role of the Church and the state in the decision making process of Christian believers.

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Umgang mit Reproduktionstechniken aus theologisch-ethischer Sicht

Author(s): Walter Schaupp / Language(s): German Issue: 9/2019

The actual use of reproductive medicine is characterized by the imperatives of a liberal society which safeguards basic values and rights but gives ample space for individual decision-making on the other hand. An absolute moral rejection of In-Vitro-Fertilization and other techniques as we find it in the current Roman- Catholic Magisterium is difficult to defend on the ground of solid ethical argumentation. The aim should be to guarantee a responsible use of these techniques on a high ethical standard. This is not possible without allies among physicians which themselves support a maximum of respect for the beginning life. Moreover the importance of the genetic and biological relationships in the context of egg and sperm donation is gravely underestimated. Splitting up parenthood not only can have serious consequences on a juridical level, it also produces practical problems within the family system which often are not considered adequately at the time when couples make their option for such techniques. On the base of a holistic view of the human being corporeal facts and relations have an immediate effect on a symbolic level. Mother- and fatherhood cannot be seen as mere arbitrary cultural constructs. The respective societal images and roles are rooted in primordial, dense and existential experiences of giving life to someone and owing life to someone which are of high worth and represent an important source of meaning.

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The effect of the minimum wage on smoking-related indicators in selected OECD countries

Author(s): Martin Rigelský,Viera Ivanková,Beata Gavurova,Martin Mudrik / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

Research background: The amount of the minimum wage is, in some sense, an indicator of the economic level of a country. There are considerable differences in this indicator between the countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). At the same time, the minimum wage is also an instrument that largely regulates people's behaviour and affects different areas of life. Purpose of the article: The objective of this study is to determine the relations between the minimum wage and individual smoking-related indicators in a sample of selected OECD countries (16 countries). The study answers the question of whether people in countries with lower minimum wages (lower development) smoke more than in countries with higher minimum wages. Methods: Four variables entered into the analytical processing, the minimum wage, daily smokers (age 15+), daily smokers (age 15–24) and tobacco consumption in grams per capita (age 15+). The data were collected between 2011 and 2017. The analysis was carried out in three steps — descriptive analysis, cluster analysis and regression analysis. Findings & Value added: It has been found that the minimum wage negatively affects smoking and tobacco consumption, i.e. in developed countries, where the minimum wage is higher, people smoke less. Regarding the evaluation of minimum wage and tobacco consumption, countries such as Austria, New Zealand or the United States can be considered positive. On the other hand, opportunities for improvement can be seen in countries such as the Czech Republic, Spain, Estonia and Israel. The study highlights the importance of the effect of the minimum wage on selected smoking-related indicators in selected OECD countries. In all three cases, there was a negative relation; therefore, smoking can be expected to decrease, if the minimum wage is increased.

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Postmaidan Ukraine: Middle Class in the Shadow of Reforms

Author(s): Olena Aleksandrova,Roman Dodonov,Natalia Vinnikova / Language(s): English Issue: 56/2019

The article is devoted to the research of dynamics of the social structure of Ukrainian society in the period after the Revolution of Dignity in 2013–2014. The authors try to identify the leading tendencies of the middle class transformation, the basis for stability and guarantees of the irreversibility of democratic transformations in postmaidan Ukraine. The large-scale program of social transformation, proclaimed by the Ukrainian government (62 reforms), could not be implemented due to lack of essential resources, Russia’s aggression in Donbas and an acute crisis of public trust to the government. The national middle class responded with quantitative reductions and qualitative changes in its composition. The factors influencing this process have been analyzed, in particular: the extraordinary concentration of large financial capital, genetically related to power; maintaining essential state regulation in the economy; increase of the share of social expenditures of the state in support for the lower stratum; increased migration activity of Ukrainians after obtaining a visa-free regime with the EU; social mobility in the labor market, precarization; reduction of working age rural population; influence of the informal (shadow) economy; decentralization of power; socio-political factors. It can be concluded that the middle class in postmaidan Ukraine has already realized its “social self,” but cannot realize its activity-structural potential yet.

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Estimating Production Function Before Covid-19 Pandemic in Europe

Author(s): Paweł Młodkowski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

The purpose of the study is to discuss consequences of pandemic events for estimating the economic growth mechanism in the European Union. The most recent COVID-19 growing death toll has drawn the attention of the impacts of such unexpected, but not unprecedented situations have on society and economy. In the current study the focus is on estimating the economic effects of a disease, which reduces the working population. It turns out that the prominent basic production function framework may fail to deliver consistent results, when analyzing transformation of labor and capital into output in all 27-EU Member Countries. This is because of the asymmetric impact of COVID-19 on each individual EU-country. A historical perspective on epidemic death toll shows that Europe experienced numerous periods of similar demographical developments. Those were individual countries, regions, or most recently the whole continent (and the world) that suffered from outbreaks of a deadly disease. The paper offers a meta-analysis, and draws from numerous sources to provide as wide as possible coverage on population- decreasing events. Due to similarity in their economic consequences, information about death toll of wars and genocide cases supplements the narration. Conclusions draw the attention to the fact that in the post-COVID-19 era any growth related studies will suffer from the lack of time series that describe the new underlying transformation mechanism that is responsible for generating the GDP at country and EU-level. The contribution of the paper is in offering a point of reference for any future studies that will try to assess pandemic effects in regard to economic growth, economies of scale or any other production function framework element.

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Populacijska i porodična politika kao odgovor na demografske probleme Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Orhana Kosterović / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 14/2018

This work is about the policies relating to population and family, and the necessity of the implementation of these on the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The natural decrease of population, low rates of fertility, the increase of ageing population as well as the striking depopulation will be long-term issues of all aspects of human life. In that regard, there is a need to adopt measures and actions in the state with the aim of directing development and renewal of population. The implementation of population and family policy should be founded on principles of respect of basic human rights, being understood as the right to decide on the number of children.

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THE CROATIAN RURAL HOUSEHOLDS AND OTTOMAN FISCAL UNITS

Author(s): Nenad Moačanin / Language(s): English Issue: 42-43/1995

Here I would like to discuss the "how-much-per-hane" question from the comparative angle, i. e. through a comparison of Ottoman and non-Ottoman sources for some Croatian regions, with the final aim of trying to extend the acquired insights to the wider space of Ottoman Balkans in the 17th century. I also hope that this investigation could contribute to the debate on the cizye defterleri and how to use them. By doing this we could offer additional explanations to the phenomenon of the decrease in numbers of cizye-payers in the 17th c. as compared with the figures we have in the 16th century records.

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MAHALE PETRIĆ I KALA U SREBRENICI PREMA POPISU STANOVNIŠTVA POLOVINOM XIX STOLJEĆA

Author(s): Kemal Nurkić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 9/2020

U radu je dat detaljan pregled popisa stanovništva od 1850/1851. godine za mahale Petrić i Kala, današnja mahala Grad u Srebrenici. Prezentiranisu podaci o broju kuća, domaćinstava, sa brojem muških članova domaćinstva. Uz teoretsko objašnjenje, cilja, načina i svrhe tadašnjeg popisa stanovništva u radu možemo spoznati starosnu strukturu muških članova domaćinstva, brojnost muških članova porodice, etničko-religijsku pripadnost, porodična prezimena, zanimanje, boju brade i brkova, visinu i druge strukturne karakteristike popisanog stanovništva.

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SHARE OF ADULTS WHO ORDER GOODS OR SERVICES ONLINE INFLUENCED BY SHARE OF THOSE WITH DIGITAL SKILLS BROKEN DOWN BY GENDER: CLUSTER ANALYSIS ACROSS EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

Author(s): Ksenija Dumičić,Blagica Novkovska,Emina Resić / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2020

This paper investigates the influence of digital skills of females and males on the percentage of individuals ordering goods or services online in selected European countries. In EU28, from 2007 to 2018, this percentage has been linearly increasing by 2.8 percentage points annually, being doubled from 30% to 60%, and based on the linear trend extrapolation forecast, it would reach 65% in 2020. In 2017, the percentage of such Internet users ranged from 13%, for Montenegro, to 82%, for United Kingdom, with the overall average of 48% per country. Just to focus the EU candidates, other than Montenegro, which has the minimum value of the indicator considered, North Macedonia has 15%, Serbia 31% and Turkey reached 21%, and they joined the cluster with Romania Bulgaria, Greece and Croatia. The correlations of percentage of females and males having basic or above basic digital skills with the main variable under study were analysed, and the positive correlation appeared to be slightly stronger for female, than for male. Clustering of countries appeared to be different when using the variable showing basic or above basic digital skills for females or males, showing in Slovenia surprisingly visible shift from the less, in 2007, to the most developed clusters of countries, in 2017, when using the females’ data. This result might be used in improving selling approaches and techniques, with perspective to improve business results and customer satisfaction, and might be useful for creators of education policies across not enough developed countries, to influence a digital skills adoption increase over both gender.

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ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING YOUTH TO VOTE ON ELECTIONS - CASE STUDY: STUDENTS OF SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SARAJEVO

Author(s): Emil Ninković / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2020

This research has been done at September 2018, when great attention was focused on the upcoming general elections in Bosnia and Hercegovina. We are witnessing that a lot of dissatisfaction with politics is taking place in Bosnia and Herzegovina, so the motivation for this research was generally a low trend of youth turnout in the elections. The primary goal of this research is to examine the impact of socioeconomic and demographic variables on the intention of students of the School of Economics and Business at the University of Sarajevo to vote on the upcoming elections. The intention to vote on the elections will best be examined through the degree of education of the environment in which the student is located, the most likely his parents, the income of his household and his active participation in the elections. We have analyzed the primary data collected from students at the School of Economics and Business at the University of Sarajevo. The data were collected through online survey, it is a deliberate sample of 204 people, of whom 145 are female and 59 male, aged from 18 to 25. The dependent variable in the logistic regression model is „student will vote on the elections(yes/no)“, while the independent variables are the monitoring of campaigns of political subjects in the media, the language in which the student is studying, voting on 2016 elections, the mother's education, the education of the father, a way of studying, monthly household income, way of life during studies, employment and gender. Logistic regression model was used for data analysis. The variable language in which the student is studying, the monitoring of campaigns of political subjects in the media, employment, living in their own flat during studies, gender and monthly household income in a range from 1000 to 1499 and from 1500 to 2000 turn out to be statically insignificant variables in the estimated model while the rest of the variables are statistically significant. For variables whitch are statistically insignificant in the logit model, we will use the hi-square test in order to examine interdependence with the dependent variable. The secondary goal is to establish a degree of interest in politics and education, and a degree of belief in political subjects among students. A detailed analysis has established a low level of interest of young people for politics, and a very high degree of distrust in political subjects.

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ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN FACTORS THAT CAUSE STRESS DURING THE EDUCATION AT THE SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND BUSINESS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF SARAJEVO

Author(s): Zemina Selmani / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2020

The relationship between a person and the environment in perception and the response to stress is particularly increased by new level of education, college. In order to cope successfully with stress, it is necessary to identify risk factors that are causing stress. The goal of this research is to examine and analyze the main factors that cause the stress of students during their studies at the School of Economics and Business at the University of Sarajevo. This project is focused on identification of the role and importance of some of the identified sources of stress among students at School of Economics and Business. A survey was performed for the needs of the research, through which the necessary data were collected. The survey is anonymous and is consisted of three parts: the first part contains socio-demographic data, the other part focuses on the student's lifestyle and the third part assesses the extent to which an individual source of stress has disturbed and burdened the student in everyday functioning. The respondents are students of the first, second and third year of the School of Economics and Business at the University of Sarajevo, who have the status of regular, regular self-financed and DL student. The research involved 213 students, 59 men and 154 women, ranging from 19 to 35 years. Students assessed whether they feel they are prone to stress, which represents the dependent variable in the logistics regression analysis model. A dependent variable is the probability coefficient of one or the other case of a dichotomous variable. We will try to determine the probability that students of the School of Economics and Business will be prone to stress in relation to many demographic characteristics. Based on previous researches and theory, the following variables have been identified: gender, age, marital status, employment, year of study, learning schedule, physical activity, public speaking, sleep, nutrition, parental education, change of residence, life in a dorm or new environment.

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In Praise of Wellborn Mothers: On the Development of Eugenicist Gender Roles in lnterwar Romania

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In Praise of Wellborn Mothers: On the Development of Eugenicist Gender Roles in lnterwar Romania

Author(s): Maria Bucur / Language(s): English Issue: 01/1995

"Through Mendelism, modern biology has given us the key that enables each nation to gain access if not to Heaven, at least to its gates. . . . The birth of children with superior gifts can be for each nation a source of scientific, ethical, artistic, and social creativity, that would increase the potential of that entire ethnic group." Thus spoke in 1940 Simion Mehedinti, one of the most prominent figures in modern Romanian pedagogy and geography. lnterwar Romania was the scene of intense debates among the educated middle classes on the shape and role of the modern Romanian state as a sovereign political entity in Europe and on the social organization of this state. Among the questions they discussed were gender roles in social and political life, particularly regarding control of reproduction. [...]

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Socio-demographic characteristics and students’ entrepreneurial intentions

Author(s): Ana Jovičić Vuković,Ivana Jošanov-Vrgović,Slobodanka Jovin,Nataša Papić-Blagojević / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This paper aims to analyse the entrepreneurial intentions of tourism students, who represent a significant base of future entrepreneurs and are the drivers of innovations and competitiveness in the travel and tourism industry, which is an important part of the economy of the Republic of Serbia. The study examined whether there are differences in students’ entrepreneurial intentions depending on socio-demographic characteristics: gender, place of residence, years of study, and previous work experience, as well as their parents’ education and type of employment. The survey was conducted in four higher vocational schools in Serbia on a sample of 330 students of tourism and hospitality management using the Entrepreneurial Intention Scale. The results showed that students had medium intention to start and run their own business and indicate that – among the selected socio-demographic factors – gender, years of study, and prior work experience play an important role in fostering entrepreneurial intentions. Understanding the factors that impact entrepreneurship may contribute to the development of theory in this field, as well as helping paint a clearer picture of how entrepreneurial intentions are formed as a starting point in business.

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