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This is a book review of: Ziková, Markéta, Caha, Pavel, Dočekal, Mojmir (eds.). 2015. Slavic languages in the perspective of formal grammar
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The article deals with the specifics of the Latvian-Russian language contact and one of its results — slang words and barbarisms. The author consideres also motivations of this kind of borrowings from Russian in the Latvian language. Uriel Weinreich pre¬sented the classification of “motivations of lexical borrowings” in his book Languages in contact. Some postulates of Weinreich’s research can be applied to the study of Russian-Latvian language contacts connected with distribution of slang words. A lar¬ge number of the Russianisms entered in colloquial Latvian as a result of oral com-munication. Slavisms in the colloquial speech (slang) have been borrowed because of internal language contacts and bilingualism. Russian language was eveolving in a so¬ciolinguistic situation of collective bilingualism that assumes the existence of internal language contacts. It is possible to classify Russianisms-barbarisms from the point of view of their motivation in several groups, which are described in the article. Various degrees of adaptation of slang words in Latvian show that various types of lexical in¬terference are parts of one dynamic process.
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The article is an approch to characterize the situation of Finno-Ugric langauges in Russia in 21st century on the basis of statistical, legal and sociolinguistic sources. Globalisation prevails in a more or less closed, originally multi-lingual and multi-cultural society mainly due to political or ideological reasons. This situation can be observed in case of Finno-Ugric peoples in Russia. Because of political conditions one-sided bilingualism is the entrance hall to a new (Russian) monolingualism.
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The main objective of this article is to present a brief overview of the linguistic effects that Russian influence has caused on the Eskaleut (a.k.a. Eskimo-Aleut) languages. There exist very good general surveys, albeit none of them approach Eskaleut as a whole: some of them focus on Eskimo data, others on Aleut. The lexicon, phonology and grammar of various Eskaleut languages present clear traces of Russian influence. However, the degree of intensity reached its peak on the Aleutian Islands.Russian has also experienced much of what the Eskaleut languages went through under Russian rule. The immediate future of Ninilchik and Afognak Russian, however, seems less auspicious than the prospects of Eskaleut languages spoken on both sides of the Bering Strait.
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The article deals with the mixed types of speech in Ukraine and Belarus – Surzhyk and Trasyanka. On the basis of multidimensional research conducted by the scholars from Oldenburg University and their colleagues from Ukraine and Belarus, the author discusses the range of Russian influence on the hybrid languages. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses were made on the basis of corpora collected in various regions of Belarus and Ukraine.
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The article discusses the choice between genitive forms without prepositions and prepositional genitives with „отъ” denoting the object in the verbs “be afraid/ scared of” with ablative relations between the object and the subject found in the Old-Bulgarian Psalter of Sinai, and the Middle-Bulgarian Psalter of Bologna and Tomic Psalter. An attempt is made to define some normative prerequisites as well as some formal semantic factors for their use in the Slavonic tradition of Psalter as compared to the Greek Protograph. The author suggests a new interpretation of a group of prepositional phrases with „отъ” in the verbs of the Old-Bulgarian Codek Suprasliensis and the Manasi Chronicle, which are traditionally viewed as exceptions.
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The article studies the compound nouns with the meaning of „person” found in the early Old Russian Menaia of the XIth-XIIth c. in comparison with those, presented in the Corpus of classical Old Bulgarian Manuscripts and other sources. A special attention has been paid to the compound substantives not attested in the classical Old Bulgarian Manuscripts. The first and the second components of compound nouns have been discussed. A great number of the rare words and words, wich are used only once have been discovered. The examined material shows the typical lexemes in hymnographic texts.
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This paper deals with ‘basic’ verbal lexemes in Serbian and Russian languages denoting emotional relations, as well as with their grammatical derivatives from both the syntactic (emphasis on valence features) and aspectual perspective (aspectual specificities of both motive and derived lexemes). Given the fact that these are ‘basic’ verbs in the languages compared, the analysis is likely to show a significant level of similarity between the corpora studied.
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Review of: "Einführung in die slavischen Sprachen, Herausgegeben von Peter Rehder", Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, Darmstadt, 1986., XIV + 192 pp.; by: Senahid Halilović
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Review of: "Sarajevski slavistički dani, Zbornik radova II-III", Sarajevo, 1987.; by: Sofka Radojičić
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Код парцијалне негације, тј. кад се не негира цијела реченица већ само неки њен дно, у руском се негација ставља директно испред тог дијела, док то код нас није увијек могуће. Преводиоци то не уочавају у довољној мјери и негација им се не односи на одговарајући дио реченице.
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The article deals with the actualization of the study methodology of the nonverbal communication (NC) national parameters, verbalized by means of phraseological units (PhU) in Ukrainian, Polish, Russian ethnoses as these that have common eastern Slavic roots. The use of the comparative contrastive method of analysis facilitated the process of revealing the pragmatic mechanisms of the communicative senses of phraseological units with the non-verbal components.
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The Old Believers appeared on the territory of contemporary Poland in the second half of the 18th century. Back then they lived in isolation, therefore in the 20th century the intensification of contacts with Polish linguistic-cultural surroundings occurred. Assimilative processes sped up after the World War II. A little bit later differences in the speech of individual generations started to develop, which became very clear in the 21st century. Competence of the younger generations in the Russian dialect is more and more limited, the youngest community representatives are displaying tendencies of the linguistic change. The informer M-1977, whose idiolect has been the subject of analysis, is the representative of the youngest members of middle-age generation. The informer uses the Russian local dialect and Polish language on the level of the elaborated code and because of the preserved dialectal features, stylistic richness and the productivity in borrowing the lexis and the phraseology, he may be considered as an outstanding personality in his community.
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The paper presents training programmes for teachers of Bulgarian language and literature and foreign languages aimed at acquiring Professional Qualification Levels (PQL). The specifics of each Professional Qualification Level is dealt with in detail with a specific focus on the system of continuous professional development courses for language teachers delivered at the Department of Information and In-service Teacher Training (Sofia University „St. Kliment Oridski“). The content of the training courses aimed at the Fifth and the Fourth PQL is outlined. Two learning modules – part of the general post-graduate course for pedagogic specialists are discussed in relation to the requirements for the professional pedagogic specialisation aimed at acquiring the Third PQL. Training programmes aimed at the highest degrees – the Second and the First PQL, which are of a diagnostic and innovative character are also analysed.
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The aim of this article is to explore the universality and playful character of the fairytale with respect to its diverse perception. Its structure is split into two parts, united by the interest in the specific ways of both children’s and primitive man’s thinking. The first part illustrates the fairytale as an intrinsic part of children literature, and attention is given to the development of the genre and the characteristics of the folklore mind. The cognitive aspect of these types of texts is being discussed as well as its communicative function and its educational effect on children. Regarding the content and semantics of the texts it is being underlined that they positively affect the reader / listener, which is a consequence of the characteristics of the folklore mind and the stereotypes it brings about. The wide use of parody as a method, which tones down the horror elements of the fairytale is being pointed out regarding the psychological interpretation of fairytales. The second part attempts to explain the model of fairytales viewed through the concept of play proving its playful nature. The focus of attention is on Johan Huizinga’s concept of homo ludens, according to which the understanding of play is a key element of every culture. Based on the intrinsic connection between the fairytale and the myths and rituals, the article makes an attempt to search for mechanisms of play in the folkore fairytale model – regarding the repetition, variability, dynamics, improvisation. The function of play is being explored in the very structure of the fairytale - plot, heroes, formulas.
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In the Russian language beyond the year 1990 a particularly dynamic inflow of the English and American vocabulary has been observed. The biggest number of lexical borrowings is being taken note of in the sphere of economic and political vocabulary but also that of the computer lexis and so-called mass culture - in the sphere of show-business. In the present article the author analyzes the contemporary Russian computer vocabulary and the lexis of the Russian show-business paying special attention to complementing the above mentioned thematical groups with borrowings from English and also as an example of specific sociolects, characteristic features of which being their usability and expressivity in the professional activity of the group. From the analysis of the material it appears that English lexical borrowings relatively quickly adjust to the morphological wordbuilding systems of the Russian language, forming, quite often at that, already on its own ground, new word entities endowed with a diversified stylistic character.
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The article analyzes the stages of formation and development of Ukrainian morphological terminology as influenced by the Greek-Roman antique tradition. The article emphasizes that the determinative influence of the ancient tradition on later European linguistics is largely due to the orientation of the tradition towards the realization of logical categories. This orientation in the language provide it with a potentially universal range. The generalization of the analyzed examples of grammatical terms in the modern Ukrainian language shows that when Ukrainian grammatical terminology was being created, the Greek-Latin grammatical terms were a kind of “prototype”. Theoretical generalizations will be used in further research on word formation.
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Статья представляет названия гомосексуальных мужчин, существующие в современном русском и польском молодёжном жаргоне. Исследовательский материал был избран из следующих лексикографических публикаций: St. Kania Słownik argotyzmów (Warszawa 1995), B.C. Елистратов Словарь московского арго (Москва 1994), Т.Г. Никитина Так говорит молодёжь. Словарь молодёжного сленга (Санкт-Петербург 1998), В.М. Мокиенко, Т.Г. Никитина Большой словарь русского жаргона (Санкт- Петербург 2000), И. Юганов, Ф. Юганова, Словарь русского сленга (сленговые слова и выражения 60-90-х годов) (Москва 1997). Молодёжь это такая группа общества, для которой характеристично преодолевать всякие нормы и запреты, также языковое табу. Её язык, молодёжный жаргон, указывает на общественное отношение молодых людей ко всем явлениям мира. Непосредственно с языковым табу связаны эвфемизмы, то есть табу является причиной возникновения эвфемизмов. Настоящая статья представляет эвфемизмы называющие мужчин - гомосексуалистов.
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