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Komponenty eksponujące cechę żeńskości w nazwach stowarzyszeń II Rzeczpospolitej

Author(s): Marta Karamańska,Ewa Młynarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2019

The material basis of the paper are the names of Polish female associations from the 30s of the 20th century. The analysis involves components used to expose feminine qualities – general names (kobieta, pani, niewiasta – ‘woman, lady’), as well as detailed ones, which were categorised according to the information they contain. These are the elements of the world, which in addition to gender, constitute a basis for communality of the members: social and professional status, educational background, participation in military activities, social activity sphere, or common interests. The material presented in the paper shows that in the Second Polish Republic the need for exposing femininity and emphasising communality was very strong in the names of associations.

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ПОГЛЕД НА УОБИЧАЈЕНИ ПОРЕДАК ПРЕДАЧКИХ НАЗИВА У СРПСКОМ ЈЕЗИКУ

Author(s): Žarko B. Veljković,Žarko Veljković,Žarko Veljković,Žarko Veljković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2022

The terminology of consanguinity is very rich and copious in Serbian language.It was documented and scholarly explored. Specific part of the terminology ofconsanguinity are the chains of terms for ancestors. In Serbian language, they arelinguistically realistic, documented from the varied sources, and the majority of it ismade from nine, the longest one from fourteen terms for ancestors. By comparingthe chains documented it has been given the usual ranking of terms for ancestors inchains of terms for ancestors in Serbian language.

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Rozmówki polsko-hiszpańskie. Problemy językowe i próby ich przezwyciężenia… podejmowane przez polskich uczestników hiszpańskiej wojny o niepodległość w świetle materiałów wspomnieniowych

Author(s): Magdalena Krzyżostaniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2021

The article presents selected mechanisms of communication between the Polish participants of the Napoleonic campaign in 1808–1812 and the local population behind the Pyrenees. The sources of information were the memoirs of Polish soldiers fighting on the Iberian Peninsula in the Grande Armée. Even though a significant part of the memoirs focuses on the military aspects of the participation of Poles in the Peninsular War, several do provide a whole spectrum of information about the daily lives of soldiers on foreign ground and many observations regarding the customs of their brothers in arms – mainly the French – as well as the local population. Among the fragments devoted to the non-military aspects of their stay on the Iberian Peninsula, the remarks on the attempts at communication – both verbal and non-verbal – between Poles and Spaniards seem to be particularly interesting. The purpose of this article is to explain why, in many situations, efficient communication could not take place in an intermediary language (French) and how the Polish soldiers dealt with lexical and grammatical structures in the previously unknown Spanish language. It is worth pointing out that language transfer is clearly noticeable – both from the native language of the soldiers (Polish) and from French, which most of Napoleonic soldiers learnt as their first Romance language.

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За Речника на ключовите думи на славянското езикознание

Author(s): Ekaterina Petkova,Jakub Lubomir Banasiak / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The paper presents the main theoretical principles adopted in the work on a preliminary model of a multilingual keyword dictionary of Slavic linguistics and the results of the previous studies of the Bulgarian-Polish team. The authors go on to discuss the work-flow of the compilation of the envisaged dictionary along with some of its parameters such as its scope, purpose, and prospective users. In addition, they present a model scheme of the structure of a dictionary entry, which contains a definition, relations to other concepts from the relevant subject field, as well as synonyms and equivalents of the target keyword.

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Мария Кошкова. Българско-словашки речник. Том IV (Т – Я)

Author(s): Diana Blagoeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This review presents the fourth volume of the Bulgarian-Slovak Dictionary by Maria Koshkova published in Bratislava. The characteristic features of the lexis included in the volume are discussed, along with the way of presenting lexicographic information. The dictionary is a significant contribution to modern Slavic bilingual lexicography.

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On conceptualization and misconceptualization of compositional aspect in Bulgarian publications

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On conceptualization and misconceptualization of compositional aspect in Bulgarian publications

Author(s): Krasimir Kabakchiev / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2023

Bulgarian publications on English compositional aspect, effectuated at the sentence level, are discussed, providing inadequate descriptions. Slavic aspect is morphologically realized in verbs, English verbs cannot signify aspect, it is explicated as an interplay of sentence components, mainly NPs. Interpretations valid for verbal-aspect languages and inapplicable to compositional aspect are forced onto English, or aspect is “discovered” at the VP-level instead of the sentence level.

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Un intento de aproximación a la terminología de uso más frecuente en el lenguaje de los seguros de vida riesgo en español y búlgaro

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Un intento de aproximación a la terminología de uso más frecuente en el lenguaje de los seguros de vida riesgo en español y búlgaro

Author(s): Radomira Videva / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 1-2/2023

The main purpose of this article is to present a proposal for a unidirectional bilingual glossary (Spanish-Bulgarian) of the commonly used terms and terminological collocations in the field of life risk insurance. Firstly, the regulation of life risk insurance contracts in the two legislations will be studied. Next we will proceed to carry out a comparative analysis of the Spanish and Bulgarian language of insurance. The glossary building process will be explained later. Finally, we will offer a brief reflection regarding the creation of various translation support materials in the field of insurance terminology within this language combination.

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LOANWORDS FROM ENGLISH – INTERNET AS THEIR MAIN SOURCE

Author(s): Emilia Ștefan / Language(s): German Issue: 34/2023

In this paper, I shall try to outline the importance of internet as the main source of anglicisms in German language. The communication technology developed in the USA indeed plays a prominent role in the field of English foreign words, as a wide array of technical loanwords are being exported to German language (and not only). Online talks, web surfing and writing e-mails have become routine activities of today’s society. It is natural that German language should change with the technological progress, especially in terms of internet. Internet is used by most people all over the world, and if its mother country is the United States, how could languages not be impacted by anglicisms? Languages are different and cannot be compared to one another, but a language is a complex unit undergoing a constant development process. The appearance of anglicisms is only a part of this development, that can no longer be avoided today.

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BILINGUALISM, AN IMPERATIVE OF THE ACADEMIC NARRATIVE

Author(s): Andrei-Lucian Marian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

The paper explored the topic of bilingualism regarding its conceptual variety, explanatory models, existing forms and educational implications. As it is considered an imperative in various multicultural settings, the study looked to examine the implications of being bilingual, and also to underly the advantages and disadvantages of speaking and understanding two or more languages. Given that previous scientific literature has found both positive and negative effects of bilingualism on the cognitive development of individuals, the authors' aim was to identify the different meanings of bilingualism, and based on this to decipher the mechanisms, determinants, and the facilitating conditions by which different degrees of bilingualism are developed. The current study tried to reveal the different facets of bilingualism, assuming the existence of sometimes contradictory, other times complementary conceptual approaches that make understanding such a phenomenon more challenging.

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A FEW THEORETICAL OBSERVATIONS ON RETRANSLATING

Author(s): Georgiana Din / Language(s): English Issue: 34/2023

This paper explores the utility and cultural relevance of translation, delves into the limitations and difficulties faced by translators, discusses the intricate problems related to equivalence, and examines the concepts of fidelity and translatability within the context of translating and retranslating a text. Translation and retranslation are often regarded as the bridges which connect diverse cultures and languages and they serve as essential tools in our increasingly globalized world. These processes facilitate cross-cultural communication, make valuable knowledge and literature accessible to wider audiences, and bear profound implications for culture, diplomacy, and education.

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BARTOLOMEU V. ANANIA BIBLICAL TRANSLATION OF TWO MARIOLOGICAL TEXTS (MATTHEW 1:18A AND 1:25A)

Author(s): Cătălin Varga / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 34/2023

The process of biblical translation could be a very daunting task because of its countless semantic and syntactic variations. This paper begins by discussing the notion of translational equivalence, proposed by philologian Eugene Nida, which underpins all work on morph-syntactic biblical area. Then I apply this scientifical methodology to some mariological biblical texts that involves the supernatural birth of Christ (Matthew 1:18a – translational dilemma of adversative δέ) and perpetual virginity of Mary (Matthew 1:25a – translational dilemma of preposition ἕως). The use of the greek ἕως – english „till” – romanian „până” does not imply that Joseph had marital relations with Mary after the Savior’s birth. In the Bible, this preposition is often used to express a situation that actually continues after the event mentioned (Gen. 8:7; Deut. 34:6; 2Kings 6:23; Matthew 28:20).

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JEZIČKO-KOMUNIKACIJSKO PONAŠANJE SRBA U VIŠEJEZIČNOM OKRUŽENJU RUMUNSKOG BANATA

Author(s): Maţa Ţaran Andreici,Ianko Gubani / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2022

Jedan od najzanimljivijih aspekata dvojezičnosti je činjenica da su dva ili više jezika u stalnom kontaktu u mentalnim strukturama iste osobe. Ova činjenica povezana je sa nekoliko pitanja usredsređenih na interkulturnu komunikaciju, kognitivne procese, jezičke izraze i sociolingvističke aspekte jezičkog ponašanja bilingvalaca. Pod pojmom lingvističko ponašanje shvatamo izbor i upotrebu jezika u procesu komunikacijske interakcije, u našem slučaju srpsko-rumunskih dvojezičnih pojedinaca. S obzirom na to da se jezička komunikacija u najširem smislu te reči odvija u specifičnoj jezičkoj situaciji, sledeća kontekstualna područja su relevantna za analizu jezičkog ponašanja članova dvojezičnih srpsko-rumunskih porodica koje žive u Banatu u Rumuniji: 1) istorijsko-socijalni kontekst; 2) kontekst govorničke zajednice; 3) interaktivni kontekst; 4) jezički kontekst. (Kiss, 2002: 67). Cilj ove studije je da analizira jezičko i komunikativno ponašanje članova srpsko-rumunskih dvojezičnih porodica u porodičnom i javnom okruženju. Deo cilja je prepoznavanje faktora koji utiču na preferencije jezika u zavisnosti od domena komunikacije.

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Language acquisition – English nouns

Author(s): Andreea Mihaela Stoian / Language(s): English Issue: 75/2022

In every language, nouns represent the most important grammatical category. In English, nouns form the biggest category of words from the English vocabulary. In fact, English nouns represent the most frequent lexical word class. This means that in English, every fourth word that is being used is a noun. The acquisition of as many English nouns as possible is essential for those who desire to learn English. English nouns are as important as English verbs. Nouns are used in the construction of sentences and phrases; nouns offer us a clear view of the performer of a certain action. The performer – the noun stands for: a person, an animal, a place, an object, an idea or an event. In fact, according to many linguists, identifying and retaining English nouns does not create problems to English learners. Nevertheless, “… learning how to use nouns with other words (especially determiners) in noun phrases is an important source of difficulty. Learners of English need to recognize nouns and to know what other words they go with, e.g. they need to know they can say this pen and not this write. “(Kennedy, Graeme, 2003:142) English nouns can be analyzed from a semantic, grammatical and phonological point of view. In English we can distinguish the following categories: common, proper, collective and abstract nouns. Moreover, English nouns are also divided in countable and uncountable nouns. This article will offer a detailed description of the English nouns.

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Dubla diminutivare în limbile bulgară și română

Author(s): Nikolai Paskalev / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

The purpose of this article is to describe the double and multiple diminutives in Bulgarian and Romanian. A definition of so-called double diminutivization is given and ways of expressing it are presented. A model of the semantic structure of the double and multiple diminutives is also proposed, as well as an explanation of their occurrence in communication and of their communicative functions in both languages.

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Internacjonalizacja w słowotwórstwie polszczyzny przełomu XX i XXI wieku jako przykład jednostronnych kontaktów językowych

Author(s): Krystyna Waszakowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 75/2019

The article attempts to provide an answer to the questions concerning dimensions and aspects of morphological phenomena which result from the internationalization of the Polish lexical stock, both at the turn of the 21th century and in recent years. The main objective of the paper is to show how new foreign loans influence the formation of (i) new loan-based complex derivatives, (ii) new compound expressions that are becoming more dominant, and (iii) new types of hybrid lexical items. The current tendency to undergo internationalization is viewed by the author as inextricably bound with “linguistic globalization” processes, which finds its confirmation in modern European languages, including Slavic languages.

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Profesor Mirosław Skarżyński (26 VIII 1952–23 VIII 2019)

Author(s): Janina Labocha,Maciej Rak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 75/2019

In MemoriamProfesor Mirosław Skarżyński (26 VIII 1952–23 VIII 2019).

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Zu den Quellen der sprachwissenschaftlichen Terminologie im Deutschen mit Berücksichtigung des Polnischen und Russischen: Forschungsmethodologie und Begriffsbasis

Author(s): Michail L. Kotin / Language(s): German Issue: 76/2020

The paper deals with selected aspects of the influence of foreign terminology and borrowings from everyday language as well as from other terminological systems on linguistics. Since linguistics is a relatively young branch of scientific research, it has been strongly and consequently influenced by other sciences and their terms throughout its development as an autonomous field of research. On the other hand, a specific feature of linguistics in comparison to other spheres of human knowledge is its mixed character, since it describes both universal and relative (language-specific) properties of language systems. For this reason, terms borrowed from Latin, Greek or other languages can never completely cover the phenomena found in German, Russian, Polish etc. Nevertheless, borrowed terms undoubtedly can adequately describe different properties of other languages, if we understand them exclusively as conventionalized etiquettes in which the internal transparency of their morphological form does not play a decisive part.

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Palatalne spółgłoski wargowe w wygłosie. Reminiscencje pod wpływem postaci (orto)graficznych w słowniku języka polskiego i rosyjskiego z końca XIX w.

Author(s): Jolanta Mędelska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

Lexis with a final labial-palatal consonant was excerpted from a Polish-Russian and Russian-Polish dictionary published in Warsaw in the 1870s. The set contains about 80 units attested by about 230 occurrences. These are mainly nouns of the gołąb’ or kotew’ type, as well as numerals ośm’ and siedm’ and a few imperative forms, e.g. mów’. The study found that there is chaos characteristic of the 19th c. in the diacritization of final consonants. This issue – despite the hardening of the relevant consonants in the pronunciation of the majority of educated speakers of Polish – was finally regulated as late as in the 1890s. The Polish-Russian part of the dictionary seems to reflect the theoretical norm, the RussianPolish part – the usage, i.e. the abandonment of diacritization, disrupted by the awareness of the existence of rules imposing the use of redundant diacriticized letters.

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Intensywność w języku serbskim i ukraińskim

Author(s): Anna Cychnerska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2022

The article compares two Slavic languages – Serbian and Ukrainian – in terms of the distribution of formants expressing the intensity category. The analysis, in which the semantic word-formation methodology was applied, concerns derivatives with formants strengthening the meaning of word-formation roots. Findings showed that between the two languages there are quite clear differences in connectivity of formants with word-formation roots of derivative lexemes, while similarities concern primarily the distribution of formants of foreign origin.

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Leksyka morska w słowniku rosyjsko-polskim Piotra Dubrowskiego jako punkt wyjścia do badań chronologizacyjnych polskich terminów marynistycznych

Author(s): Jolanta Mędelska,Piotr Wierzchoń / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The authors discussed the development of maritime lexis in Russian and Polish, pointing out a great preponderance of Russian over Polish instances which lasted until the interwar period. They analysed 70 entries with the qualifier w Marynarce [maritime] (letters K–L) in a 19th-century Russian-Polish dictionary. They found that the editor had managed to select Polish equivalents for only 22 Russian terms (31%), with the remainder provided only with descriptions of meaning. Using sources available today, the authors identified 74 translations for 48 Russian units left untranslated and subjected them to chronological analysis. They found that 16 of them were in use in Dubrowski’s times, seven of which for a very long time prior to the date of publication of his dictionary. The others appeared only after the dictionary was published, the majority (42) as late as 1920–1939, with seven more appearing even later.

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