Българското богомилство и неговите европейски измерения

Author(s): Ivan Božilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In Bulgaria, Bogomils emerged at the beginning of the 10th centry under the influence of dualistic Massalian and Paulician movements. Its doctrine, cosmogony and eschatology, its attitude toward the Holy Scripture, Church and its secrets and ceremonies, but in the same way, its social and moral ideas are all well-known through a Bulgarian writer Presbyter Kozma (second half of the 10th century), Patriarch Theophilact from Constantinople (933-956), Byzantine writers Euthymios Zigabenos and Euthymios of Peribleptos, and a document known under the Latin name “Interrogatio Johannis”. In medieval Bulgaria, Bogomils gained great importance during the reign of tzar Peter (927-969) and tzar Boril (1207-1218), and they were last mentioned in the mid-14th century. After 1018, Bogomils spread out over Byzantine region (both in the Balkans and Asia Minor) and in 1344 reached the orthodox core – Mount Athos. The Bogumils also spread out to Russia, Wallachia and Moldova, Transilvania and Bosnia. They made their way into northern Italy and southern France (hence the names Bulgari, Boulgares, Bugri, Bougres as synonyms for Catharite and Albigensian heretics in those regions). Works by Rainier Sacconi, Nicola Viguier and “Interrogatio Johannis” also serve as testimonies.

Crkvene prilike u zemljama hercega Stjepana Vukčića Kosače

Author(s): Ivica Puljić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The noble Kosača family were originally estate owners from Podrinje. Their rise to the greatest noble family in the kingdom was due to the expansion of the Bosnian state towards the south and to the east. Vlatko Vuković (who ruled up till 1392), already laid the foundation of what was to be known later on as Herzegovina, on whose magnitude Sandalj Hranić (who ruled from 1392 – 1435) further expanded, along with Stjepan Vukčić (who ruled from 1435 – 1466). “Stjepan Herceg of Saint Sava, lord of Hum and Primorje, great Bosnian duke of (rusaga,) prince of Drina and more”, as he presents himself, is beyond a doubt the greatest Bosnian-Hum leader of the middle ages, due to the role he played not only in the Bosnian kingdom, but also in general during his times. It is therefore not surprising that within the Church of the Bosnian-Hum Christians he had a pivotal role. First of all, it is important to note that the Kosača family, including Stjepan Herceg, according to historical sources, were true followers of the Church of Bosnian-Hum Christians”. They were also very tolerant in religious matters in those times, not only in the lands under their control, but also towards families where Bosnian Christians, Catholics and Orthodox lived freely one beside the other. One of the reasons for this tolerance of theirs can be attributed to the political climate of those times in which Herceg had to constantly battle against accusations of heresy. A even greater motive can be found in the religious diversity that existed in his lands. While Podrinje and the border areas of the Hum lands along with Bosnia, followed the Church of the Bosnian-Hum “Christians”, many facts point out that despite the hardships caused by the wars with Serb leaders and the losses against “Christians”, the population of Hum and Primorje were still predominately Catholic. Orthodoxy prevailed in the areas which were once firmly part of the Serb State, from Trebinje towards the East, with its spiritual center at the monastery of Mileševo. This religious diversity certainly had a great influence upon the land owners and their conduct towards their subjects.

Papa Inocent III. (1198.-1216.) i bosansko-humski krstjani

Author(s): Franjo Šanjek / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

During the twelfth century on the Croatian coast emerged dualistic heretics. They were organized and in this region had two dioceses: Dalmatian (Ecclesia Dalmatiae, 1167) and Slavonic Church (Ecclesia Sclavoniae, 1200). Their ideas were flooded with pessimism, with which they endangered not only church institutions but also the entire established social structure. The church council in Split (1185) repeated condemnation of Cathars, Patarines, Poor man of Lyon and other heretics that had been banned at the church council in Verona (1184). Moreover, the pope Urban III suggested to the Croatian episcopacy that “must not allow organizing of laic fraternities (fraternitatis)”. In October 1200 the pope Inocent III reported to Emerik king of Hungary and Croatia that his vassal the Bosnian ban Kulin “gave shelter to a certain number of Patarines, who had been prosecuted by Bernard the archbishop of Split and banned from Split and Trogir”. Only two years later, the same pope wrote “in the lands of ban Kulin there are many people who are seriously suspected and rather notorious because of condemned Cathar heresy”. It seems that the argue was settled on 8th and 30th April 1203 with negation of “the leaders of those, who in Bosnia usurped the name of Christ (i.e. they named themselves krstjani), and who were elsewhere condemned as schismatics and Manicheans. In the 30’s of the thirteenth century the decrees against krstjans were repeated. They were mentioned as haeritici in Bosnia, hostes crucifixi, haeritici in Slavoniae partibus, and the Church, together with the civil authorities, tried to suppress them by sending Crusaders and Inquisition judges there. By the mid thirteenth century Bosnian Catholic bishop had to relocate his see in Đakovo (in Slavonia), and thereof leave the Bosnian territory to krstjans, who will organize a significant heterodox Church of Bosnia on the former territory of the Bosnian diocese (13th-15th c.).

ZAKON O ZAKONU

Author(s): Mirko Đorđević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Svaki razgovor o nekom zakonu o verskoj slobodi – pa i o ovom Zakonu o verskoj slobodi – osu đen je na neka ponavljanja, jer su zakoni takve vrste tipski i jedva da se u nekom nacrtu može sresti nešto novo. Upore đen sa sličnim ruskim zakonom – B. N. Jeljcin je otišao sa vlasti, a nije ga potpisao – i ovaj ne donosi novinu. To se odnosi i na nedostatke i na ono što je u njemu pozitivno. Svi akti pomenute vrste podrazumevaju preciziranja nekih osnovnih pojmova i polazišta. Ovaj ima 25 članova, ali višestruko više teksta u preambuli i dodatnim objašnjenjima. Blago rečeno, sva su pitanja otvorena. Najpre, vera samu sebe definiše kao "zakon" i ona to i jeste u sferi – u ličnom životu vernika – koja je njena legitimna sfera. To se provlači kroz biblijski korpus, a i u kolokvijalnoj jezičkoj upotrebi reči vera i zakon su sinonimi sve do danas – posebno kod nas gde se etnički i nacionalni identitet i ne traži izvan takve konotacije. No, i država je po definiciji zakon i red. Sfere se, me đutim, razlikuju, jer se u jednom slučaju radi o etičkom zakonu – bar bi tako trebalo da bude – i ti se domeni vekovima presecaju. Sve postaje komplikovanije ako se podsetimo na sferu ličnog i sferu kolektiviteta, pri čemu je vera – kako bi trebalo biti – lična stvar i lični stav, a život u državi je nešto drugo.

VERSKI MEDIJI

Author(s): Dubravka Valić Nedeljković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Verski mediji na našim prostorima postoje već decenijama i to kako na većinskom, tako i na jezicima nacionalnih manjina. Oni uglavnom odslikavaju stanje u okruženju kada je reč o verskim zajednicama. Istovremeno, o čemu se re đe govori, vernici pripadnici većinske i manjinskih zajednica verske obrede drže na maternjem jeziku, pa tako i verske publikacije izdaju na tom jeziku (u Vojvodini na srpskom, hrvatskom, ma đarskom, slovačkom, rusinskom). Ovde je reč o poštovanju, u najširem smislu, tri prava: prava na "slobodu veroispovesti i slobodu javnog okupljanja radi verskih ciljeva"; zatim, prava na slobodu izražavanja koje podrazumeva da se, bez obzira na granice, traže, primaju, koriste i šire informacije i ideje bilo kojim sredstvima, pa tako i mas-medijima i, na kraju, prava na informisanje na maternjem jeziku. U Zakonu o zaštiti prava i sloboda nacionalnih manjina, (donesen u februaru 2002, a stupio na snagu 7. marta 2002. na teritoriji SCG), član 17. precizira da nacionalne manjine imaju pravo da budu informisane na svom jeziku.

Franjevačka bogoslovija provincije Bosne Srebrene u Gučoj Gori

Author(s): Velimir Valjan / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Uvod. Školska uloga gučogorskog samostana bila je od velikog značenja kako za Franjevačku provinciju Bosnu Srebrenu, tako i za čitavu Lašvansku dolinu, a i šire. U njemu je jedno vrijeme bilo dječačko sjemenište, tzv. probandat, te novicijat i bogoslovija. Mi ćemo se ovdje posebno osvrnuti na vrijeme trajanja bogoslovije u njemu. Do školske godine 1904/05. Franjevačka bogoslovija Bosne Srebrene nije bila objedinjena. Do tada su u pojedinim samostanima bili poneki tečajevi bogoslovije, pa tako i u Gučoj Gori. Kad je godine 1904. četvrti tečaj Franjevačke bogoslovije završio svoje naukovanje u Kraljevoj Sutjesci, a ostala dva, prvi i drugi, u Livnu (trećeg nije ni bilo), odluči Starješinstvo Provincije Bosne Srebrene da se sva tri ova tečaja okupe u Gučoj Gori i da se ondje školuju studenti Bosne Srebrene. U ovom prilogu ćemo govoriti o bogosloviji u Gučoj Gori do školske godine 1904/05, dakle prije njezina objedinjavanja (I) i o školskoj godini 1904/05, kad je ona objedinjena u Gučoj Gori (II).

Tożsamość w kontekście religii i magii w Pieśni lodu i ognia

Author(s): Karolina Glück / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article takes as its starting point the statements of two fantasy writers – Orson Scott Card and George R.R. Martin – concerning the significance of creating religious systems in fictional universes, as they complete the overall image of the depicted reality. Another context is provided by the investigations of a Polish scholar, Bogdan Trocha, which show that in the fantasy genre there occurs a degradation of the function of religion, resulting in the remythologisation deprived of cult. The first part of this paper presents the synthetic overview of religions through which Martin characterises the communities of his world and the analysis of functions of the chosen magical elements used in A Song of Ice and Fire. In the second part, identity dilemmas of Martin’s characters are taken into consideration. On the example of Theon Greyjoy’s lot, the spiritual aspect of searching for identity – determined by the elements of the quest described by Trocha – is examined.

Пътепис

Author(s): Evliya Çelebi / Language(s): Bulgarian

Evliya Celebi was an enlightened man in a variety of ways who believed in equality, freedom of thought and intellectual debate, and found all of these things present in Islamic societies. Over the course of his travels, he wrote ten volumes detailing his adventures. ‘Seyahatname’ – Book of Travels – is a unique and important text, representing one of the few accounts of the 17th century and the Ottoman world from the perspective of a Muslim. These are not just factual accounts, Evliya had a great imagination and just as important as his journal entries were the imaginative storytelling that ran alongside, elaborating, exaggerating, and fantasizing. Through his stories, we are prompted to think more imaginatively about our own travels and journeys to other cities. This 17th-century Muslim traveler can sometimes seem narrow-minded and yet this same man can stand in St Stephens Cathedral in Vienna and be moved by the music he hears. Sometimes these encounters lead to nothing but sometimes they lead to stories which are so deeply felt, and so universally melodic that they leave echoes which can still be heard and felt today. In 2011, the year which would have been his 400th birthday, Evliya is being paid homage as UNESCO’s Man of the Year.

South Slavonic Apocryphal Collections

Author(s): Anisava Miltenova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Old Slavonic,Old Bulgarian

This book represents a study of the textology, typology, sources and literary peculiarities of the so-called ’miscellanies of mixed content' in the South Slavonic tradition (from the end of 13th – the beginning of 18th c.) – less known or unknown in the Humanities. The problem is closely related to the apocryphal collections in the Balkan Cyrillic manuscripts, as the Apocrypha are a significant part of this type of manuscripts. The scope of the study is to popularize the series and texts that fill the gap in the translation and perception of the Slavonic Apocrypha. New information is presented over the sources of translations, as well as the compilation approach of Slavonic writers, which reproduces a new version of the texts. The copies of the Slavonic texts are published in the supplement. The typology of manuscripts is supported by plectograms produced in the Repertory of Old Bulgarian Literature and Letters (http://repertorium.obdurodon.org/).

Nie (do) wiara. Horyzonty religijne w prozie Wiesława Myśliwskiego

Author(s): Krystian Węgrzynek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Проблематика ритуала литијског опхода у светлу новијих истраживања

Author(s): Ivica R. Todorović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The ceremonial act of procession - before its banning subsequent to World War II - was widespread on the Serbian ethnic territory as one of the most important rituals. This phenomenon features a whole range of exceptionally interesting characteristics which have never been scientifically investigated: from the specific ways of structuring the ritual procession path to the intricate mythical complex accompanying the ritual. The results of years-long research of this phenomenon point to its multi-layered semantic and structural makeup. The contemplated ritual may therefore be used as a key in solving numerous dilemmas relating, on the one hand, to the research of the Serbian folk religion, and, on the other, to the research of the mythical/ritual systems structure in general. The function of the procession ritual was to provide a tight social unity of the rural community and favourable weather conditions for a fertile year. On the semantic plane, this ritual is exceptionally complex, with a number of connotation levels which all together make up a unique mythic-ritual text. In terms of mythological analysis, the most significant mythical determinants to be singled out here are the magic circle, the sacred trees, and the lord o f the weather, with a deeper mythological layer relating to the global cycle of annual folkways. Also met with in this ritual are the elements of diverse cults (agricultural, solar, vegetational, ancestor worship, etc.). Structural and semantic analyses of the procession ritual have revealed a spectrum of syntagmatic expressions and paradigmatic possibilities of the analyzed phenomenon, with an emphasis on specific patterns observed in the most intricate manifestations of the procession ritual - similar or identical to the patterns noted (in previous research) within the framework of heterogeneous linguistic, logical, mythical and ritualistic models. This scholarly approach is congruous with a hypothesis on the existence of homologous structural patterns, tentatively called patterns of the primary structure of thinking of universal character - revealed in diverse spheres of culture and nature.

Раннохристиянски мъченици, от които, според житията, изтича "мляко вместо кръв"

Author(s): Eva Kovacheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the present study, there are 40 saints, whose lives describe that in their martyrdom death from the wounds of their bodies, and especially when their heads were cut off, milk was flowing instead of blood. Of the presented cases, 20 are women and 20 are men of different age. As described in the vitae, it is established that they lived between the 1-4 century, which coincided with the early Christian period, but there are also three exceptions of the martyrs of the 5th, 7th and 11th centuries. Regarding the localization of the described phenomenon, it was found that the saints originated from different geographic areas – in the East from Palestine and Tyre (present-day Lebanon), in North Africa - on the lands of today's Egypt, Tunisia and Libya, in various regions of Asia Minor, The Balkan Peninsula (particularly on the territory of today's Bulgaria and Greece) and West to Gaul (in particular Italy, France and Belgium). In general, the explanation given in the present study of the miracle of milk is that it is a sign of their holiness and their heavenly change already on the earth.

An Alevi Concert Event in Paris: Doğa Aşkına – Terre, Mon Amour

Author(s): Sinibaldo de Rosa / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Rather than a legal recognition as religion, Alevism in France has been pursuing a public type of commitment that is different from the past and from elsewhere. The Franco-Alevi novelty presented here reveals important peculiarities that differ from common academic representations of Alevism in Turkey as well as in European articulations. Such a peculiarity relies mostly in an endorsed public collaboration of the federation of French Alevi associations (FUAF) with ecologist organizations operating in France as well as in Turkey. Such collaboration was achieved thanks to the adoption of an environmental discourse overshadowing canonical framings of Alevism as an oppositional and secretive religious movement. Focusing on a specific event as an ethnographic case study, in this paper I wish to highlight the ‘permeable’ character of Alevism in this recent French articulation. The public collaboration of the Alevis in France with ecologist associations and their embracing of an environmental discourse resonate with Ruth Mandel’s expectations over contemporary and cosmopolitan Alevi experiences.

Diasporadan Alevilerle İşçi Sınıfını “Musahip” Yapma Çabası: Kavga/Kervan Dergilerinde Alevilik

Author(s): Tuncay Bilecen / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Son yıllarda sosyal bilimler alanında Aleviliğe yönelik büyük bir ilgi var, bu konuyu çeşitli boyutlarıyla ele alan çalışmalarda adeta bir literatür patlaması yaşanıyor. Aleviliğe yönelik bu artan ilgiyi açıklamak için siyasal, konjonktürel ve uluslararası pek çok neden sıralamak mümkün. Nitekim Alevi hareketinin örgütlenmesinde hem ulusal hem de uluslararası etkiler mevcuttur.

The Alevi Youth in the German Diaspora

Author(s): Deniz Coşan Eke / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The migrant’s identity construction is a salient theme in the public and political integration debate in Germany as well as in other European countries. The Alevi community faces a variety of specific challenges in transnational space, such as the protection of its identity and the recognition of its cultural and religious differences. For Alevis, the prospect of being recognized both as a religious and cultural group and an immigrant group in Germany has created a growing social and political movement and a diaspora to Germany. Consequently, after more than 50 years, the children of Alevi migrants to Germany, especially of third generation, are starting to grow up in a transnational context within a diasporic consciousness.

Религиозный компонент в образовании инофонов: от формирования фоновых знаний к формированию фоновой эрудиции

Author(s): Tatyana Arkadieva,Svetlana Vladimirova,Konstantin Pshenko,Nadezhda Fedotova,Tatyana Sharry / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article reveals the problem of the religious aspect in the process of the education of the foreign-students. The theoretical and methodological aspects of the foreign students are actively updated; although we researched these aspects through the acquisition of the general knowledge by the students from the RFL department. The article also shows the linguistic and extra linguistic components, that have their demonstration of the cultural values and religious attitudes of the people.

Опыт реализации курса "Основы религиозной культуры и светской этики" в начальной школе России

Author(s): Svetlana Kotova,Liudmila Savinova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to the description of the history of the working-out and introduction of the course " Religion or Ethics" in Russian primary education. The main ideas of the course, the first results of teaching, the difficulties of its implementation and prospects for further development are presented.

Societas Classica. Култури и религии на Балканите, в Средиземноморието и Изтока. Том 10

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Greek, Modern (1453-)

𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 is a multilingual collection of papers presented at the international scientific conference that has been organized by the Department of Classical and Eastern Languages ​​and Cultures of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgaria) since 2002. Until 2015, the conference was held annually. Since 2018, it is held once every two years. St Cyril and St Methodius University Press issues the collection within the Dr. Nicola Piccolo series. The wide range of topics and the opportunity for authors to submit their academic publications in the original language attracts researchers from all over the world.

Societas Classica. Култури и религии на Балканите, в Средиземноморието и Изтока. Том 9

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Russian,Greek, Modern (1453-)

𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 is a multilingual collection of papers presented at the international scientific conference that has been organized by the Department of Classical and Eastern Languages ​​and Cultures of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgaria) since 2002. Until 2015, the conference was held annually. Since 2018, it is held once every two years. St Cyril and St Methodius University Press issues the collection within the Dr. Nicola Piccolo series. The wide range of topics and the opportunity for authors to submit their academic publications in the original language attracts researchers from all over the world.

Societas Classica. Култури и религии на Балканите, в Средиземноморието и Изтока. Том 11

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Macedonian,Greek, Modern (1453-)

𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 is a multilingual collection of papers presented at the international scientific conference that has been organized by the Department of Classical and Eastern Languages ​​and Cultures of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgaria) since 2002. Until 2015, the conference was held annually. Since 2018, it is held once every two years. St Cyril and St Methodius University Press issues the collection within the Dr. Nicola Piccolo series. The wide range of topics and the opportunity for authors to submit their academic publications in the original language attracts researchers from all over the world.