Societas Classica. Култури и религии на Балканите, в Средиземноморието и Изтока. Том 11
Societas Classica. Cultures and Religions of the Balkans, the Mediterranean, and the East. Volume 11
Contributor(s): Ivanka Doncheva (Editor)
Subject(s): Politics / Political Sciences, History, Anthropology, Philosophy, Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies, Economy, Literary Texts, Education, Cultural history, Foreign languages learning, Customs / Folklore, Media studies, Poetry, Business Economy / Management, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Studies of Literature, Political Philosophy, Political Theory, Communication studies, Sociology, Military history, Political history, Ancient World, Middle Ages, Modern Age, Recent History (1900 till today), Theology and Religion, Morphology, Syntax, Lexis, Semantics, Language acquisition, Historical Linguistics, Comparative Linguistics, Bulgarian Literature, Greek Literature, Other Language Literature, Political behavior, Politics and communication, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure , Higher Education , 6th to 12th Centuries, 19th Century, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919), Philology, Translation Studies, Globalization, History of Religion, Phraseology
Published by: Великотърновски университет „Св. св. Кирил и Методий”
Keywords: history; archaeology; language and literature studies; translation studies; culture and social structure; Christian theology and religion
Summary/Abstract: 𝑆𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑠 𝐶𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑎 is a multilingual collection of papers presented at the international scientific conference that has been organized by the Department of Classical and Eastern Languages and Cultures of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo (Bulgaria) since 2002. Until 2015, the conference was held annually. Since 2018, it is held once every two years. St Cyril and St Methodius University Press issues the collection within the Dr. Nicola Piccolo series. The wide range of topics and the opportunity for authors to submit their academic publications in the original language attracts researchers from all over the world.
Series: Societas Classica. Култури и религии на Балканите, в Средиземноморието и Изтока
- E-ISBN-13: 978-619-208-363-2
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-619-208-362-5
- Page Count: 412
- Publication Year: 2021
- Language: English, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Greek, Modern (1453-)
Погребалните ритуали в Древен Рим (според античните автори и пластичното изкуство)
Погребалните ритуали в Древен Рим (според античните автори и пластичното изкуство)
(The Running Rituals in Ancient Rome (According to Ancient Authors and Plastic Art))
- Author(s):Ivanka Doncheva
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Ancient World
- Page Range:13-32
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:funeral rituals; 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑢𝑠; 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑒; 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜; ceremony; funeral procession; inhumation; cremation; funeral pyre; 𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑚; columbarium; sarcophagus; reliefs
- Summary/Abstract:The study of burial practices in Rome is both a religious and a legal issue, as there is a special regulation for organizing and conducting the funeral ceremony that was strictly observed. In Rome, as in Greece, caring for the dead was a sacred duty. To leave the dead unburied means to condemn his soul to perpetual wandering, and therefore to create a real threat to the living as the “tortured soul” was filled with malice. Two features distinguish Roman burials: the first is the importance that the Romans give to the deceased being buried and the solemnity with which the funeral ceremony is held, and the second – the lack of representatives of the public cult. Both the one and the other feature relate to the Romans’ beliefs about death. The funeral ceremony in ancient Rome is commonly referred to as the 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑢𝑠. In a broader sense, this term encompasses the set of rituals observed from the onset of death to the funeral. From the moment of death, the home and family of the deceased become 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑒 and stop being such after the funeral. The rituals that preceded the funeral were different from those accompanying the funeral itself. In this report we will try to trace funeral rituals carried out before and after the funeral, based on the testimonies left by ancient authors, archaeological data, and plastic art.
За хетерата Фрина – музата на Праксител и Апелес
За хетерата Фрина – музата на Праксител и Апелес
(About Courtesan Phryne: The Muse of Praxiteles and Apeles)
- Author(s):Ivanka Doncheva
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Social history, Ancient World
- Page Range:33-47
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:Phryne; Praxiteles; Apeles; Archeology
- Summary/Abstract:Phryne (in ancient Greek: Φρύνη) is the most famous ancient Greek courtesan from the 4th century BC, a muse of the great Greek artists – the sculptor Praxiteles and the artist Apeles. Born under the name Mnesarete (in ancient Greek: Μνησαρετή, i.e. 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑣𝑖𝑟𝑡𝑢𝑒) in Thespia – Boeotia, she went to Athens where she became a courtesan (hetaira). Very quickly, her „clients“ became some of the most prominent men of the time, such as the sculptor Praxiteles, who, according to Pliny the Elder, used her as a model for his famous statue of Aphrodite of Cnidus, and the artist Apelles, who, according to Athenaeus, used her as a model his Aphrodite Anadiomene. In addition to her beauty, Phryne was known for her high fares, which, according to the poet-comedian Mahon, varied according to her mood. Its wealth reached such proportions that, according to the grammar Callistratus, she proposed to restore the destroyed by Alexander the Great in 336 BC. city walls of Thebes, with one condition – to put the inscription „Destroyed by Alexander, restored by Phryne the courtesan“, but the inhabitants of Thebes did not accept this proposal. According to Elian, the Greeks erected a column with a golden statue of Phryne in Delphi, which, according to Athenaeus, was the work of Praxiteles and was entitled “Phryna, daughter of Epicles of Thespia.”
Тенденции и проблеми при съвременните български преводи на старогръцка и римска проза (1995 – 2020)
Тенденции и проблеми при съвременните български преводи на старогръцка и римска проза (1995 – 2020)
(Trends and Issues in Contemporary Bulgarian Translations of Ancient Greek and Roman Prose (1995 – 2020))
- Author(s):Violeta Gerdzhikova, Nevena Panova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Translation Studies
- Page Range:48-59
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:translations into Bulgarian; classical languages; translation and reception of Ancient Greek and Roman texts
- Summary/Abstract:The paper presents a survey of the translations from classical languages published in the last three decades, focusing mainly on the prose works. The period under consideration is subdivided into two sub-periods, 1995 – 2005 and 2005– 2020. Predominant trends for both of them are noted, including the prevalence of Greek original texts, the persisting interest in philosophical authors (particularly Aristoteles), and the lasting tendency, with some notable exceptions, to give attention to texts which have not been previously translated into Bulgarian.
История на обучението по латински език
История на обучението по латински език
(History of Latin Education)
- Author(s):Pepa Lungarova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies, Education, Foreign languages learning, Applied Linguistics, Language acquisition, History of Education
- Page Range:60-73
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Hellenistic scholars; Roman grammarians; traditional methods
- Summary/Abstract:The article describes stages in teaching Latin from ancient to modern times. The first grammatical treatises by Hellenistic Alexandrian scholars were taught. In ancient Rome, between the 3rd century BC to 6th century AD, the focus was on grammar and rhetoric skills. In the Middle Ages, teaching grammar constituted the major part of the trivium and the Liberal arts. The goal of teaching Latin was to prepare students for a career both in secular and theological studies. Latin acquired the role of a Lingua Franca in Europe. It was the dominant language in the field of education, science, religion, law, trading, administration till the end of the 16th century. During the Renaissance period, it was gradually replaced by French, German and English, and the comparative historical method in teaching Latin and science was applied. In Europe, the introduction of Classical Language Studies in 18 – 19th century laid the scientific foundations of the teaching of Latin and Latin grammar. These foundations served as a pattern in writing the grammar books of contemporary languages till the end of the 19th century. The article represents the development of teaching Latin in Bulgaria and the traditional grammar/translation methods, whose main objective is the analysis and translation of original texts.
Към предхристиянския култ към император Константин I Велики в Константинопол
Към предхристиянския култ към император Константин I Велики в Константинопол
(Pre-Christian Reminiscences from the Cult of Emperor Constantine I the Great)
- Author(s):Vanya Lozanova-Stancheva
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Political history, Ancient World, Theology and Religion, History of Religion
- Page Range:74-91
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Emperor Constantine I the Great; the Constantine Forum; the Hippodrome; Byzantion; Constantinople.
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of the report is to present an analysis of the information from the early Byzantine authors on the cult of Emperor Constantine I the Great, which precedes the chronologically and typologically Christian cult of St. Constantine and Helena, but not without connection with it. Historical sources can be grouped into at least two groups organized around the events related to the consecration of Constantinople in May 330, in which two remarkable ritual and cult centers stand out: 1) The Constantine Forum: the consecration of the solar statue of Emperor Constantine at the newly constructed Constantine Forum on the famous porphyry column brought from Egyptian Thebes, the day before or on the first day of the 40-day celebrations, accompanied by numerous additional ceremonies and rituals; 2) Hippodrome: The ceremony of the Hippodrome on the first day of the 40-day celebrations in which the gilded xoanon of Constantine, holding a small sculpture of Tyche on the city in his right hand, was carried in the “Helios Chariot”. In the worship of the Emperor Constantine I the Great two important religious ideas were intertwined as central: – Preserving and resurrecting the solar cult context in the architectural and artistic design of the new political centers of the Constantine’s city, inherited from the ancient Byzantion; – Reviving and incorporating the ancient mythological tradition of the founding Byzantion in the new context and traditions of Constantinople.
Изследванията на латинската християнска литература (II – XI в.) в България
Изследванията на латинската християнска литература (II – XI в.) в България
(Studies on Latin Christian Literature (2nd – 11th cc.) in Bulgaria)
- Author(s):Rosen Milanov
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Ancient World, Middle Ages, Theology and Religion, Other Language Literature, 6th to 12th Centuries, Philology, History of Religion
- Page Range:92-102
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Christianity; Latin literature; Christian literature; literature studies
- Summary/Abstract:Latin Christian literature of the first thousand years is a wide area for scientific studies. In this article a periodization of Latin Christian literature (2nd – 11th cc.) is made. A search has been carried out for the authors, firstly, who are an object of Bulgarian scientific articles and monographs; in the second place, topics of these studies have been found. A conclusion about the contemporary state of the studies on Latin Christian literature in Bulgaria has been also taken. Finally, the perspectives for the future Bulgarian studies on Latin Christian literature in Bulgaria have been drawn.
Варна след Освобождението – кръстопът на етноси и религии
Варна след Освобождението – кръстопът на етноси и религии
(Varna after the Liberation: A Crossroads of Ethnicities)
- Author(s):Vanya Tonkova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Cultural history, Ethnohistory, Local History / Microhistory
- Page Range:103-112
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:ethnical diversity; Varna; religion
- Summary/Abstract:I present to you the ethnical diversity in Varna during the years after the Freedom, as well as their lifestyle, culture and self-awareness, however I will first begin by telling you a short history about Varna. It is well-known that even during the Osman slavery the city maintained its commerce and strategic identity. At the time the Turkish and Greek were dominating the population, however the Bulgarians have maintained their spirit and traditions. Considering the fact that the population was very diverse in terms of religion and personal beliefs, they have managed to live peacefully for many years. There were conflicts, however none of them were due to ethnical reasons, but mainly political. The majority have managed to organise and carry out their lives without interfering with others. Everybody knew where their place was in the society, resulting in respecting and valuing other members in society accordingly – this been maintained till present days. The Bulgarian nation has always been tolerant towards “the others”, however has kept true to their roots and traditions. It is well known that our sea capital has hosted many music and dance competitions and festivals will continue to do so. Varna is a perfect example of how different cultures and ethical people can live, work and find joy together, and this should be appreciated and respected by all of us.
Навлизане на християнството във Филипопол
Навлизане на християнството във Филипопол
(The Penetration of Christianity in Philippopolis)
- Author(s):Violina Traycheva
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Ancient World, Theology and Religion, History of Religion
- Page Range:113-124
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Christianity; Philipopolis; Roman province; Thracia Christian basilica; Late Antiquity
- Summary/Abstract:The present text discusses the penetration of Christianity in Philippopolis. For the purpose of the study the author presents and analyzes the historical events, the epigraphic sources and the archaeological evidences of the temple architecture within the city. The chronological boundary of the paper is until the middle of V century. The author summarizes the information of the topic, discusses some problems, asks new questions and submit new visions. The discussion is very important, because Philippopolis is one of the biggest cities in the Roman province of Thracia and also it is its capital. The ancient city is definitely rich in a variety of Christian buildings. Some of the temples differ from one another, but they have similarities in the architectural and mosaic decoration. It is important to be noted, that we can suggest, that there was a continuity in the cases of two of the temples with earlier non-Christian cultic structures (the temples in Komatevo and Djendem tepe).
Η γλωσσα του Οδυσσεα Παπανικολαου (Μητροπολίτης Συμεών Βάρνας και Πρεσλάβας)
Η γλωσσα του Οδυσσεα Παπανικολαου (Μητροπολίτης Συμεών Βάρνας και Πρεσλάβας)
(The Language of Odysseas Papanikolaou (Metropolitan Symeon of Varna and Preslav))
- Author(s):Dimitrios Roumpos
- Language:English, Greek, Modern (1453-)
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Cultural history, Theoretical Linguistics, Studies of Literature, Modern Age, Historical Linguistics, Greek Literature, 19th Century, Philology
- Page Range:125-131
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Metropolitan Symeon; Odysseas Papanikolaou; language; Bulgarian Renaissance
- Summary/Abstract:The Metropolitan Symeon of Varna and Preslav worldly known as Odysseas Papanikolaou (1841–1937) is one of the representatives of the Bulgarian renaissance culture who authored work in Greek. From the literary heritage of Metropolitan Symeon, have been preserved works in Greek from the time of his studies at the Holy Theological School of the island of Halki. This present communication addresses these passages as a source of linguistic features and personal style of the author.
Паралели в лексикалното обновяване на новогръцкия и българския език чрез заемки
Паралели в лексикалното обновяване на новогръцкия и българския език чрез заемки
(Parallels in The Lexical Renewal of the New Greek and Bulgarian Languages through Loanwords)
- Author(s):Rumen Rikevski
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Greek, Modern (1453-)
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Lexis, Semantics, Language acquisition, Comparative Linguistics
- Page Range:132-137
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:loanword; internationalism; non-equivalent vocabulary; equivalent vocabulary
- Summary/Abstract:In both modern Greek and Bulgarian, borrowing foreign words is a major way to enrich vocabulary at the beginning of the 21st century. It is characteristic of both languages that often at the beginning of the acquisition of a loan word it can function both in an adapted and non-adapted form, and sometimes remains in the home language with zero degree of adaptation. The process of borrowing foreign words is effective and useful when it is communicatively and functionally justified, ie. non-equivalent vocabulary enters the language. In both Balkan countries, the equivalent fashion vocabulary, mostly of English origin, arouses the attention and concern of the public in order to limit its invasion and to preserve as much as possible the national-specific character of the native language.
Българо-кипърски връзки в областта на литературата
Българо-кипърски връзки в областта на литературата
(Bulgarian-Cypriot Relations in the Field of Literature)
- Author(s):Boryana Manolova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Comparative Study of Literature, Bulgarian Literature, Greek Literature
- Page Range:138-143
- No. of Pages:6
- Keywords:Bulgarian-Cypriot connections; literature
- Summary/Abstract:This report examines the Bulgarian-Cypriot relations in the field of literature. For this purpose, various articles, books and interviews with well-known researchers of Cypriot literature have been studied. Some accents and events from the history that have a direct impact on the literary relations between Cyprus and Bulgaria are considered. The research of the Bulgarian-Cypriot relations in the field of literature unfolds the chronology of their origin, their development during some of the more significant historical periods, as well as the interaction of the Bulgarian and Cypriot literature to the present day. Some similar characteristics between Bulgarian and Cypriot literature are indicated. Researchers of Cypriot literature, considered in this article, outline the origin and development of the connections of Cypriot literature and its interaction with Bulgarian literature. In addition they reveal the way in which Cypriot literature is popularized in Bulgaria, as well as the popularization of Bulgarian literature in Cyprus.
Гръцки следи в българските собствени имена и тяхното значение
Гръцки следи в българските собствени имена и тяхното значение
(Greek Traces in Bulgarian Proper Names and Their Meaning)
- Author(s):Emilia Avginova-Nikolova
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Greek, Modern (1453-)
- Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Lexis, Semantics, South Slavic Languages
- Page Range:144-155
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:anthroponymy; Bulgarian personal names; names of Greek origin
- Summary/Abstract:The anthroponymy deals with the existing or already obsolete proper names of people, as well as with their geographical distribution in a given country or region. Anthroponymy studies anthroponyms, which include personal, patronymic, surnames, as well as generic names and nicknames. The anthroponymic system of any language is constantly changing, just as the language itself is constantly evolving. Although there are not a few purely Bulgarian personal names that managed to be preserved through Christianity and its rituals, many personal names of Greek origin entered the Bulgarian anthroponymic system, which began to replace the old pagan names
Поетическият конкурс „Ралис“ и Григор Пърличев
Поетическият конкурс „Ралис“ и Григор Пърличев
(The Rallis Poetry Competition and Grigor Parlichev)
- Author(s):Vladimir Vladov
- Language:English, Bulgarian, Greek, Modern (1453-)
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Poetry, Studies of Literature, Bulgarian Literature, Greek Literature
- Page Range:156-160
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:poetry; poetry competition; Rallis; Grigor Parlichev; Bulgarian National Revival
- Summary/Abstract:In 2020, 160 years have passed since the day Grigor Stavrev Parlichev (18 January 1830 – 25 January 1893) won the laurel wreath at the Rallis poetry competition, organized by the University of Athens in the mid-19th century. The focus of this article is not so much on the life and work of the outstanding Bulgarian National Revival leader, writer, poet, translator, teacher and public figure, about whom a lot has been written over the years, but on the literary life in Greece at that time, as well as on the poetry contest itself and its patron and sponsor Ambrosios Rallis.
Мотивацията на студентите японисти при кандидатстване за обучение в Япония – опитът на катедра „Японистика“ към СУ „Св. Климент Охридски“
Мотивацията на студентите японисти при кандидатстване за обучение в Япония – опитът на катедра „Японистика“ към СУ „Св. Климент Охридски“
(Motivation of University Students in Japanese Studies When Applying for “Study in Japan” Programmes: The Case of St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia)
- Author(s):Tsvetomira Ivanova
- Language:English, Croatian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies, Education, Foreign languages learning, Higher Education
- Page Range:163-170
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:Japanese studies; study abroad; motivation; attitude; university students; COVID-19
- Summary/Abstract:Despite the many and varied opportunities, there has been a decline in recent years when it comes to Japanese students who wish to study in Japan. This paper examines the possibilities for study in Japan for different periods of time, as well as its funding. Statistics from previous years are offered, as well as the results of a survey conducted among students in 2020. The results indicate the reasons for the decline in interest, and these are far from being limited only to the “different” academic year 2019/2020. Motivation and attitudes towards learning in Japan are based on problems of all kinds, which have always existed among the departing, but have recently become more intense. It turns out that the detailed information, provided by students returning from Japan to potential future candidates is too general or provided in an inappropriate format. The paper proposes solutions for the appropriate provision of more information, as well as side incentives to increase the interest of Sofia University Japanese studies students towards study in Japan programs.
Японските културни събития в България. Мотивационната им роля в изучаването на японски език
Японските културни събития в България. Мотивационната им роля в изучаването на японски език
(Japanese Culture Events in Bulgaria and Their Role in the Motivation of Japanese Language Learners)
- Author(s):Magdalena Vasileva
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies, Education, Foreign languages learning, Higher Education
- Page Range:171-182
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Japanese culture; Japanese language; Japanese culture events; methodology; motivation; Japanese language learners
- Summary/Abstract:The present paper focuses on: 1) The Japanese culture and language events in Bulgaria and 2) The correlation between those and the motivation of the Japanese language learners. The connection between 1) and 2) is revealed through an analysis of data taken from a workshop on Methodology of teaching Japanese as a second language which was organized in 2018 at Veliko Tarnovo University. The discussion is carried on from the point of view of the Japanese language lecturers who participated in the above mentioned initiative. According to the Japanese language lecturers there is a great variety of Japanese culture and language events organized every year by each of the participant institutions. They aim not only at popularizing Japanese culture, but also at stimulating the interest of the Japanese language learners. Through the direct participation in such initiatives the learners are encouraged to develop different language, cultural and intercultural skills and competencies and to study autonomously. The research pointed out that there is definitely a firm relation between those events and the motivation of the Japanese language learners. The events with the strongest effect on the motivation process are: Japanese culture festivals, speech contests, Japanese universities’ scholarships and the opportunity to study in Japan, the communication with the native speakers, etc.
Практически японски език. Четене с разбиране
Практически японски език. Четене с разбиране
(Practical Course in Japanese Language: Reading Comprehension Classes)
- Author(s):Magdalena Vasileva
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Foreign languages learning, Applied Linguistics, Language acquisition
- Page Range:183-200
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Japanese language; reading comprehension classes; critical reading; globalization
- Summary/Abstract:As a result of globalization processes, the number of challenges to foreign language learning is increasing dramatically. While in the 80s the main idea represented in the methodology of teaching a foreign language was the implementation of a practical task with the help of the target language, in our days the aim of the foreign language teaching is to transfer reality into the learning process, rather than to make learning resemble reality. In this article: 1) We will discuss Japanese reading comprehension classes according to their structure, content and objectives and in relation to the development of competencies and skills needed for communication in the context of globalization and the movement of human resources; 2) We will offer our own practical options with different purposes that would be helpful to Japanese language teachers in Bulgaria. This will add to the variety of practices already existing in the country.
Космология на японската култура и език: изследване на характероопределящата функция на японските ономатопеични думи
Космология на японската култура и език: изследване на характероопределящата функция на японските ономатопеични думи
(Cosmology of Japanese Culture and Language: A Survey into the Culture Character-Defining Function of Onomatopoeia Words in Japanese)
- Author(s):Stela Zhivkova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Lexis, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:201-207
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Japanese culture; specificity; imagistic elements; Japanese language; onomatopoeia; imagery; sensory words; Bulgarian language
- Summary/Abstract:This work focuses on the task of demythologizing the established definition of the Japanese culture as “unique”. It analyzes the phenomena found in various fields of Japanese culture, which define its nature. These phenomena can be called by different terms: loci of saturated imagery, imagistic cores, carriers of imagery, loci with an increased image charge, etc. Generally speaking, they are focal points of pictorial intensity. They are small in volume, but once perceived, unfold and present a grand vision to the human imagination. They are powerful stimulators of the imagination that abound in various manifestations of Japan’s culture – both in contemporary life and in the traditional cultural forms of poetry, theater, aroma ceremonies, and music. In Japanese language such imagistic elements are the onomatopoeic words. Relying on the physical-motor information (a consequence of their production in the oral cavity) and the memory and imagination of the listener, who has repeatedly heard and used them in certain situations, the imitative words are not just pure lexical units, but sensory words, referring to auditory, visual, and tactile perceptions that reinforce one’s lexical memory and in the same time imbuing it with a sensory element and animating the situation the word describes.
Японски празници, посветени на децата (Хина мацури, Танго но секку, Шичи-го-Сан)
Японски празници, посветени на децата (Хина мацури, Танго но секку, Шичи-го-Сан)
(Japanese Festivals Dedicated to Children (Hina Matsuri, Tango No Sekku, Shichi-Go-San))
- Author(s):Katya Marinova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:208-217
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:festivals; children; customs; rites; Hina matsuri; Tango no sekku; Shichi-Go-San
- Summary/Abstract:For members of every society, children are the future and that’s why they are very important. Parents want their child to be healthy, fed, clothed, and to be successful, and to make it possible, a divine blessing is most often relied upon. Therefore, parents should pray to receive it, performing the necessary rituals. The Japanese have three important festivals celebrating the children: Hina Matsuri (The Festival of Dolls), also known as Momo no sekku (Seasonal Peach Festival) (March 3), Tango no sekku (Seasonal Festival on the Fifth Day of the Fifth Month) or Kodomo no hi (Children’s Day) (May 5) and Shichi-Go-San (7-5-3) (November 15). In this report, we will look at where these traditions come from, how the celebrations take place and how they connect with other annual holidays.
Awa Odori: The Popularity of a Japanese Traditional Dance Festival
Awa Odori: The Popularity of a Japanese Traditional Dance Festival
(Awa Odori: The Popularity of a Japanese Traditional Dance Festival)
- Author(s):Tran Hoang Nam
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:218-226
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Awa Odori; Bon; Tokushima
- Summary/Abstract:Awa Dance (Awa Odori) is a traditional performing art that originated in Tokushima Prefecture, and is one of the major Bon festival dances in Japan. The history of Awa Odori dates back more than four centuries ago. Awa Odori has been born and developing along with the lives and culture of the local common people. Every year in August, the main Awa Odori Festival is being held in Tokushima City with involvement of more than 100.000 dancers and attracting more than 1.3 million visitors. Awa Odori is also being practiced by more than 1.000 registered dance groups over Japan, while gradually gaining popularity abroad. This paper is aimed at introducing the background, characteristics and the factors that contributed to the rise of Awa Odori as a representative dance festival of Japan.
За хармонията в древнокитайската култура и в съвременната политика на КНР
За хармонията в древнокитайската култура и в съвременната политика на КНР
(On the Harmony in Ancient Chinese Culture and in the Contemporary Policy of the PRC)
- Author(s):Iskra Mandova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Anthropology, Philosophy, Social Sciences, Political Philosophy, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:227-233
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:harmony; Chinese harmony culture; culture of harmony; harmonious world
- Summary/Abstract:The concept 𝐻𝑒 (harmony) is the basis of Chinese traditional culture since ancient times but a number of philosophical and ideological concepts such as “peace”, “benevolence”, “goodwill”, “coherence”, “balance” have been integrated in its meaning. Confucian philosophy imposes state government through virtue (𝐷𝑒); Mozi denies war and military attacks (𝑓𝑒𝑖𝑔𝑜𝑛𝑔) and seeks harmony; Laozi says “govern by inaction (non-interference)” (𝑤𝑢 𝑤𝑒𝑖 𝑗𝑖). Wang Bi believes that inaction means living in harmony with nature, and rulers must adhere to the principle of inaction (𝑤𝑢 𝑤𝑒𝑖), because everything in the world follows its natural course, and through the power of balance with inaction we can enlighten, educate and influence selfish and lustful people. Nowadays the concepts of “harmonious society” and “harmonious world” are guiding principles for international affairs in the modern Chinese policy and diplomacy.
Thoughts in Cultural Awareness, Communication Skills and Vocabulary for International and China Focused Business Deals and Exchanges in the Contexts of a Complex Global System and the Belt and Road Initiative: Personal Statements by ECUPL Students
Thoughts in Cultural Awareness, Communication Skills and Vocabulary for International and China Focused Business Deals and Exchanges in the Contexts of a Complex Global System and the Belt and Road Initiative: Personal Statements by ECUPL Students
(Thoughts in Cultural Awareness, Communication Skills and Vocabulary for International and China Focused Business Deals and Exchanges in the Contexts of a Complex Global System and the Belt and Road Initiative: Personal Statements by ECUPL Students)
- Author(s):Asen Velinov
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Economy, Education, Media studies, Business Economy / Management, Communication studies, Sociology, Culture and social structure , Higher Education , Globalization
- Page Range:234-241
- No. of Pages:8
- Keywords:China; BRI; misconceptions; diversity; business; clichés; cultural Issues
- Summary/Abstract:Global business and other activities of Chinese enterprises and stakeholders have been increasing in number, variety and significance – against the backdrop of the crucial importance and attractiveness of the Chinese market for MNCs and new actors from BRI countries, and overall ever more interconnected and complex global environment (further complicated by the pandemic and various other developments in the past years) and also influenced by landmark initiatives such as 17+1 (which constantly evolved) and the Belt and Road – of high importance to China but somewhat of a mystery to non-Chinese stakeholders. Communicating internationally in English in ways that achieve intended objectives is crucial but often affected by the widespread use of cliches and expressions that are not optimized to “speak” to the intended audience. Beyond examples from my practice, Chinese publications in English and foreign publications about Chinese business activity and the Belt and Road Initiative and identifying key differences between them, the negative outcomes they lead to, pointing out some communication and culture gaps and propose some solutions, I also look at straightforward primary examples – the Personal Statements prepared by over 200 ECUPL seniors. Global business and other activities of Chinese enterprises and stakeholders have been increasing in number, variety and significance – against the backdrop of the crucial importance and attractiveness of the Chinese market for MNCs and new actors from BRI countries, and overall ever more interconnected and complex global environment (further complicated by the pandemic and various other developments in the past years) and also influenced by landmark initiatives such as 17+1 (which constantly evolved) and the Belt and Road – of high importance to China but somewhat of a mystery to non-Chinese stakeholders. Communicating internationally in English in ways that achieve intended objectives is crucial but often affected by the widespread use of cliches and expressions that are not optimized to “speak” to the intended audience. Beyond examples from my practice, Chinese publications in English and foreign publications about Chinese business activity and the Belt and Road Initiative and identifying key differences between them, the negative outcomes they lead to, pointing out some communication and culture gaps and propose some solutions, I also look at straightforward primary examples – the Personal Statements prepared by over 200 ECUPL seniors.
Проблематика на превода на културни реалии (по материали от „Сън в алени покои“ на Цао Сюецин)
Проблематика на превода на културни реалии (по материали от „Сън в алени покои“ на Цао Сюецин)
(A Study on the Cultural Gaps in the Translations of Cao Xueqin’s 𝐻𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑔)
- Author(s):Nora Chileva-Xiao
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Language and Literature Studies, Culture and social structure , Translation Studies
- Page Range:242-252
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:𝐻𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑔; translation; cultural gaps
- Summary/Abstract:This research discusses some cultural differences and methods of translation represented in the first sixty chapters of the Bulgarian translation of 𝐻𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑔, popular in the Western World mainly with its two English versions as 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑒 and 𝐴 𝐷𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠, as well as its Russian translation 𝑆𝑜𝑛 𝑣 𝑘𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑛𝑜𝑚 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑦𝑒. The Bulgarian translation of the first 60 chapters of 𝐻𝑜𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑔 („Сън в алени покои“) was published almost half a century after the English and the Russian translations at 2015 and 2016, so it is quite interesting to see if there is any resemblance in translations of cultural gaps. This study gives few examples of how cultural gaps are resolved in words and phrases concerning Chinese tea and rice dishes.
Джан Дай и китайските кратки форми сяопин. Образец от периода на династия Мин
Джан Дай и китайските кратки форми сяопин. Образец от периода на династия Мин
(Zhang Dai and Chinese Short Forms 𝑋𝑖𝑎𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑛. Example of Ming Dynasty 𝑋𝑖𝑎𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑛)
- Author(s):Polina Tsoncheva
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Fiction, Studies of Literature, Short Story, Other Language Literature, Drama
- Page Range:253-261
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Chinese Literature; Chinese Xiaopin; Ming Literature; Zhang Dai
- Summary/Abstract:The present paper examines Chinese short forms xiaopin or xiaopinwen 小品文 which origins can be traced back to the period of the Six dynasties (3rd – 6th cc.). The focus is specifically on authors from Ming Dynasty period such as Gui Youguan 归有光, Zhang Dai 张岱, Xu Wei 徐渭 and Li Zhi 李贽 in view of the extremes to which the lives of China’s intellectual elite were thrown. Extremes that find their reflection in literature. Zhang Dai (1597–1689) is a prominent ℎ𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛 𝑤ℎ𝑜 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑦, 𝑎 𝑝𝑜𝑒𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑡, 𝑎 𝑠𝑒𝑙𝑓-𝑑𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑦𝑖𝑠𝑡 (Wang 2022). The essay which translation we present here in Bulgarian is titled “西湖七月半” and describes the celebration of one of the important traditions in the festive calendar of Chinese, namely the Ghost Day 中元节. As this tradition originates from both Taoism and Buddhism, the festival is celebrated in other East Asian countries as well.
Народността хакка и някои архитектурни особености на сградите тулоу
Народността хакка и някои архитектурни особености на сградите тулоу
(The Hakka People and Some Architectural Features of Tulou Buildings)
- Author(s):Teodora Yonkova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Architecture, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology
- Page Range:262-266
- No. of Pages:5
- Keywords:Hakka people; Chinese ethic groups; Chinese ethnic minorities; tulou buildings; hakka architecture
- Summary/Abstract:This work aims to introduce the Hakka people. They are a unique people and are part of the Han Chinese ethnic group. In ancient times they have avoided military and political conflicts and migrated further south until they have reached the southernmost provinces of present-day China. They have preserved their centuries-old traditions and have given the world the 𝑡𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑢 buildings. 𝑇𝑢𝑙𝑜𝑢 have unique and astonishing architectural features which will be described in the text below.
Арабската диаспорна литература в историческия контекст на САЩ през края на 19. и началото на 20. век
Арабската диаспорна литература в историческия контекст на САЩ през края на 19. и началото на 20. век
(The Mahjar Literature in the Historical Context of the USA during Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries)
- Author(s):Vesela Todorova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Modern Age, Recent History (1900 till today), Other Language Literature, 19th Century, Pre-WW I & WW I (1900 -1919)
- Page Range:267-270
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:Arab Mahjar literature; 𝐴𝑙-𝑅𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑎𝑙-𝑄𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑦𝑦𝑎ℎ; poetry in prose; Gibran Khalil Gibran; Ameen Rihani
- Summary/Abstract:This article studies the reasons for the emergence and development of the Mahjar literature in the historical context of the United States from the late 19th century to the early 20th century. The creation of communities to support the Arab and national spirit and culture and many other organizations, whose primary purpose is to preserve the language, religion, and culture of Arab immigrants is considered as well. The role of periodicals, which play a central role in the development of the Mahjar literature is also pointed out. The migrant writers operated in more organized way through the literary communities that they had established during that time. These literary societies established both in the USA played a significant role in the development and promotion of the Arab literature in the West.
По въпроса за ислямската нормативна възбрана върху виното и противоречащите ѝ практики в средновековния Близък Изток
По въпроса за ислямската нормативна възбрана върху виното и противоречащите ѝ практики в средновековния Близък Изток
(On the Islamic Normative Prohibition of Wine and the Practices that Contradicted It in the Medieval Near East)
- Author(s):Ana Mincheva
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Theology and Religion, Islam studies, History of Islam, Qur’anic studies
- Page Range:271-283
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:wine; Islamic law; social practice; ḥarām; Islamic poetry
- Summary/Abstract:The present article deals with a contradiction that often makes the understanding of Muslim law and practice hotly debatable. On the one hand, alcohol and its consumption are strictly forbidden (ḥarām) in Islam. On the other hand, abundant evidence from medieval sources indicates that wine was a highly valued and socially accepted substance serving as the lyrical subject of beautiful poems some of which are considered among the finest literary forms in languages, such as Arabic and Persian. This study foregrounds the contradiction between religious norm and social practice that has raised vivid discussions among both Muslim religious scholars and Western Islamicists. The analysis thus aims to frame the issue by delineating the major Islamic scriptural sources and legal positions against the backdrop of selected (post-)modern conceptualizations, such as the approach recently suggested by Shahab Ahmed.
Условни изречения в арабски. Думи, въвеждащи условия и следствия
Условни изречения в арабски. Думи, въвеждащи условия и следствия
(Conditional Sentences in Arabic. Words Introducing Conditions and Consequences)
- Author(s):Milena Atanasova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Syntax, Language acquisition
- Page Range:284-287
- No. of Pages:4
- Keywords:Arabic language; conditionals; linguistics
- Summary/Abstract:A brief overview of the Arabic conditionals with an accent on the role and the meaning of the particles that introduce conditions or hypotheses, on the one hand, and consequences, on the other. The role of the verb forms and their relationship to the governing particles is also touched on.
Принадлежност и отчуждение в творчеството на палестинския писател Гассан Канафани
Принадлежност и отчуждение в творчеството на палестинския писател Гассан Канафани
(Affiliation and Alienation in the Works by the Palestinian Writer Ghassan Kanafani)
- Author(s):Khairi Hamdan
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Literary Texts, Fiction, Studies of Literature, Novel, Short Story, Other Language Literature
- Page Range:288-296
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Kanafani; affiliation; alienation; identity; desert; Haifa, acre
- Summary/Abstract:Ghassan Kanafani is a Palestinian novelist whose works were translated into dozens of foreign languages and gained international recognition. He was born in 1936 that was the year of The Great Palestinian Revolt. The author constantly returned to this date in his books because of its importance in the modern history of the Palestinian people. The emigration from his early childhood also left a strong imprint on his creativity. The alienation and the threat of death during the extraordinary military events that took place in his hometown of Acre, as well as his early diabetes deeply affected him. They led Kanafani to believe that his death was inevitable. Nevertheless, he masterfully took advantage of Western literary devices to describe the reality of the Arab world and, in particular, the everyday life of the Palestinians and their survival after long wars and losses. The present paper discusses his several works that reveal a loss of identity as a consequence of alienation, and invoke readers not to remain isolated and indifferent to the fate of others and to be brave enough to change their life path, despite all the obstacles.
Friendly Hand – Accusing Finger. Metaphors in the Persian Political Discourse
Friendly Hand – Accusing Finger. Metaphors in the Persian Political Discourse
(Friendly Hand – Accusing Finger. Metaphors in the Persian Political Discourse)
- Author(s):Sirma Kostadinova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Political Theory, Political behavior, Politics and communication, Phraseology
- Page Range:297-303
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:Persian language; conceptual metaphors; human body; nation; country
- Summary/Abstract:Subject of this paper are metaphorical linguistic expressions, which reflect the relation between the target domains of NATION and COUNTRY and the source domain of HUMAN BODY in Persian. Media analyses on Iranian policy, speeches, and statements of government officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran are the main source for the research. The corpus of the collected phraseological units is analysed and classified in the light of the Conceptual metaphor theory. Metaphorical linguistic expressions containing the terms 𝑑𝑎𝑠𝑡 “hand”, 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜š𝑡 “finger” and 𝑚𝑜š𝑡 “fist” are in the focus of the paper. It discusses the question if Persian political discourse demonstrates features of cultural conceptualisations, providing comparative analysis with English and Bulgarian. It is a part of a broader research on conceptual metaphors in contemporary Persian.
Сатирични похвати при изобразяването на иранския политически елит в романа „На половината път към рая“ на Саид Нафиси
Сатирични похвати при изобразяването на иранския политически елит в романа „На половината път към рая“ на Саид Нафиси
(Satirical Literary Means that Depict the Iranian Political Elites in the Novel 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑓𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒 by Saeed Hafisi)
- Author(s):Vladimir Mitev
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Literary Texts, Fiction, Political history, Recent History (1900 till today), Novel, Post-War period (1950 - 1989)
- Page Range:304-310
- No. of Pages:7
- Keywords:political elites; vices; Iranian society; post-World War Two; satire
- Summary/Abstract:The post-World War Two period in Iran is characterized by the feeling of crisis and alienation in the Iranian society. It is stregnthened particularly after the coup of 1953, which topples the democratically-elected prime minister Mohammad Mosaddegh. A satirical novel, published in the same year – 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑓𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑃𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑒 by Saeed Nafisi provides valuable insights in the reasons for crisis in Iranian society – the negative selection of its elites, who lack qualities, ethics, culture, but are full of vices. The author, who belongs to the old elites of his country, masterfully depicts the weaknesses and comic elements of the Iranian political elites through a skillful usage of various satirical literary means. That is how the condemnation of those newcomers among the tops of the country is achieved.
Древни космогонични митове и сказания (Изток–Запад)
Древни космогонични митове и сказания (Изток–Запад)
(Ancient Cosmogonic Myths Legends (East and West))
- Author(s):Desislava Damyanova
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):Anthropology, Philosophy, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Cultural Anthropology / Ethnology, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:311-319
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:ancient myths; cosmogony; archaic cultures; anthropomorphism; hylozoism
- Summary/Abstract:When we turn to the spiritual culture of past epochs, we witness many original ideas and peculiar schemes – the result of the creative imagination of people who lived thousands of years ago. Some of them are purely local in nature and do not occur beyond the boundaries of a particular culture, others are a variation of views of the universe known worldwide; in any case, through the analysis of ancient myths, we can highlight the coded suggestions and symbolic models (archetypes) that refer to universal cosmological systems.
Шумерският мит за Потока. Таблицата от Нипур
Шумерският мит за Потока. Таблицата от Нипур
(The Sumerian Flood Story: The Nippur Tablet)
- Author(s):Yoanna Dyulgerska
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Anthropology, Social Sciences, Archaeology, Cultural history, Customs / Folklore, Ancient World, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:320-330
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:Flood myth; Sumer; first cities; gods; Ziusudra
- Summary/Abstract:The Great Flood is a legendary story known from many ancient civilizations. The general idea is that the gods or god decide to destroy sinful humanity, but in the end they spare it by leaving a representative to repopulate the earth. Hardly anyone has not heard of the biblical Noah, God’s chosen one who survived the flood, but few know that long before history was recorded in the Bible, there was Ziusudra – the chosen one of the Sumerian gods who decided to destroy humanity as they unleash the waters and flood the earth. This paper presents a historical, geographical and substantive description of the cuneiform tablet revealing the history of the flood. Examples of other Sumerian cultural artifacts related to the myth are presented, as well as analogies with civilizations far and close to the Sumer, which in turn brings information about international relations in antiquity and the significance of a history present in human global civilization over the millennia.
Връзката на Ispillurtu с Асирийската царска идеология в писмото SAA 10 030
Връзката на Ispillurtu с Асирийската царска идеология в писмото SAA 10 030
(The Relation of Ispillurtu to the Assyrian Royal Ideology in the Letter SAA 10 030)
- Author(s):Kiril Mladenov
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Cultural history, Ancient World
- Page Range:331-341
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:ancient Near East; Assyriology; Neo-Assyrian Empire; cuneiform texts; Assyrian royal correspondence,;Assyrian royal ideology
- Summary/Abstract:The present paper discusses some elements of the Neo-Assyrian royal ideology attested t the beginning of the letter SAA 10 030. In the text the Akkadian words 𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑡𝑢, 𝑘𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑟𝑡𝑢 and 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑡𝑢 refer to the position of the crown prince and his relationship with the god Nabu. This relationship is attested in different texts of the period, such as 𝐷𝑖𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑢𝑒 𝑏𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑒𝑒𝑛 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑁𝑎𝑏𝑢 and the so-called 𝐴𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑝ℎ𝑦 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑙. The author proposes that SAA 10 030 and two other texts, part of the royal correspondence, in which 𝑖𝑠𝑝𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑢𝑟𝑡𝑢 is mentioned, could be dated in the years when Esarhaddon and Assurbanipal were crown princes. Furthermore, the study explains the context of the letters SAA 10 030 and SAA 16 143 with the inauguration of the magistrates, who worked under the orders of the crown prince. In this way, we partially revive an old idea, suggested by the renowned Assyriologist S. Parpola in 1980s. The author also considers the possibility 𝑘𝑖𝑧𝑖𝑟𝑡𝑢 to represent a copy of the famous vassal treaties of Esarhaddon
Етимология на названията „загора“, „бедек“ и „бедечка“ до Стара Загора
Етимология на названията „загора“, „бедек“ и „бедечка“ до Стара Загора
(Etymology of the Names 𝑍𝑎𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑎, 𝐵𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑘, and 𝐵𝑒𝑑𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑘𝑎 near Stara Zagora)
- Author(s):Mariana Minkova, Ivan T. Ivanov
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Middle Ages, Lexis, 6th to 12th Centuries
- Page Range:342-354
- No. of Pages:13
- Keywords:Zagora region; Proto-Bulgarians; Stara Zagora city; Bedechka
- Summary/Abstract:Toponymic name Zagora is practically absent over the vast territories inhabited in the past and recently by Slavic population excluding the Bulgarian land. In our communication five historical areas with such toponimic names are listed on the territory of the First and Second Bulgarian Kingdoms. These are: Tervel’s Zagora, Zagora around the town of Melnik, Zagora around the town of Belogradchik, Zagoria (Zagori hori) in Northern Pindus mountain, and Zagora around the capital Tarnovo. To these, we can add the region of Zagura (VI century) placed in the North-Western Carpathians and inhabited by early Bulgarians, as well as areas Zahra-i Dobruca (Zagora in Dobruja), Paroraia (“Trans-mountain” in Greek) in the Strandzha mountain and the former Bulgarian region of Rashka later called Serbian Zagora (XII century). Taking into account the predominant border location of the mentioned areas with the Bulgarian name Zagora, we assume kinship of this name with the early Persian šahr “subordinate country, newly annexed province”. The names of Bedechka river and of the mountain peaks Bedek and Beter are all known for being very windy. Hence, the semantic root “bed”, common for these names, is derived from the rare Old Bulgarian word “bad” “wind” which has strong kinship with similar Iranian words. The presence of such early Bulgarian appellations in the Stara Zagora vicinity is related to the information of Theophylact of Ohrid and Blazius Mili about the early occupation of the Beroe region by the newly established Bulgarian state.
Династията на Константин Велики (303–363) и градовете на провинция Втора Мизия
Династията на Константин Велики (303–363) и градовете на провинция Втора Мизия
(The Dynasty of Constantine The Great (306–363) and the Cities of the Province of Moesia Secunda)
- Author(s):Gergana Gercheva
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Military history, Political history, Ancient World
- Page Range:355-363
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:Constantine; Moesia Secunda; construction activity
- Summary/Abstract:In 306 after the death of Constantius Clorus, his troops in York proclaimed his son Constantine for Roman emperor in violation of the established by Diocletian political system, called tetrarchy. After two decades of wars Constantine established himself as the sole ruler of the Empire. After his death his three sons divided the Roman empire and between 306 and 363 the state was ruled by his nephew Julianus Apostates. The name of the province of Second Moesia was mentioned many times in written sources during this period as well as its towns’ and archaeological data show the serious construction activity undertaken in them.
English Present Participle as an Object Complement and its Macedonian Equivalents
English Present Participle as an Object Complement and its Macedonian Equivalents
(English Present Participle as an Object Complement and its Macedonian Equivalents)
- Author(s):Katerina Vidova
- Language:English, Macedonian
- Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theoretical Linguistics, Applied Linguistics, Morphology, Language acquisition, Comparative Linguistics, Translation Studies
- Page Range:364-374
- No. of Pages:11
- Keywords:English present participle; object complement; translation; Macedonian equivalent
- Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper is to investigate the use of the present participle as an object complement in English and its Macedonian translation equivalents. The research is conducted on a corpus of sentences excerpted from English and American literature and their Macedonian translation equivalents. The results show that the present participle as an object complement is translated into Macedonian mostly with 𝑘𝑎𝑘𝑜 – dependent clauses. However, there are also examples in which the present participle as an object complement is translated with relative clauses, da-clauses, clauses with a verbal adjective, clauses with a verbal adverb, clauses with a verb in Imperfect and temporal dependent clauses.
Beyond the Penthesilea Painter: Status of Issues at Limits of the Attribution
Beyond the Penthesilea Painter: Status of Issues at Limits of the Attribution
(Beyond the Penthesilea Painter: Status of Issues at Limits of the Attribution)
- Author(s):Pedro Luís M. Sanches
- Language:English
- Subject(s):History, Archaeology, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Visual Arts, History of Art
- Page Range:375-383
- No. of Pages:9
- Keywords:The Penthesilea Painter; the Workshop of the Penthesilea Painter; red-figure vase painting; connoisseurship of figurative art; archaeological methods and theory; archaeology of image production
- Summary/Abstract:An attribution is, first and foremost, an interpretative category. With the anonymous pottery painter identificated as the 𝑃𝑒𝑛𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑙𝑒𝑎 𝑃𝑎𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 would not be different, but this “creative personality” was implicated in unexpected workshop practices, stylistic transitional peculiarities and crossover involving parietal painting. Throughout the second half of the last century, the Penthesilea workshop generated less and less interest among the specialists in the field of Greek vase painting. The dominant interpretation that the “ethical” aspect of it’s contemporarie parietal paintings could be seen in the Penthesilea Painter’s works has given way to doubts and academic disinterest. This paper compiles main understandings on the subject.
Ролята на царя като жрец в ранната Новоасирийска империя (934 – 745 г. пр. Хр.)
Ролята на царя като жрец в ранната Новоасирийска империя (934 – 745 г. пр. Хр.)
(The Role of the King as a Priest in the Early Neo-Assyrian Empire (934 – 745 B.C.))
- Author(s):Zozan Tarhan
- Language:English, Bulgarian
- Subject(s):History, Political history, Ancient World
- Page Range:384-400
- No. of Pages:17
- Keywords:Neo-Assyrian Period; king; priest; rituals; reliefs; cuneiform sources
- Summary/Abstract:The present paper deals with the priestly role of the early Neo-Assyrian kings as represented in the royal inscriptions, visual sources and ritual texts. The study casts light on this aspect of the king’s roles in order to understand better the Assyrian kingship and the ideology behind it. It traces how the priesthood of the Assyrian ruler was perceived and in what context it was attested. At the same time, the ritual activities performed by the Assyrian king are identified, under what circumstances they were performed with the active participation of the king, how they took place and to what extent they were recorded in the source base. Both textual and visual sources are analyzed. Royal inscriptions and ritual texts are included in the first group. The iconographic group comprises scenes especially from the Northwest palace in Kalḫu and the city of Imgur-Ellil. Royal inscriptions present to a large extent the ideological part of the Assyrian ruler’s priestly role and less the practical execution of his sacerdotal functions. There are a few groups of mentions that referred to the king’s priestly role (Table 1). Reliefs involve ideological motifs and scenes of ritual activities. In the context of the scenes, some specific attributes held by the royal officials during the ritual activities are discussed; based on accounts from ritual texts, suggestions are made regarding their names and function. The ritual texts are more objective and aim to inform about the sequence of the ritual steps performed by the king, also including the other priests and participants.
Customs and Rituals Common to the Peoples of South-Eastern Europe
Customs and Rituals Common to the Peoples of South-Eastern Europe
(Customs and Rituals Common to the Peoples of South-Eastern Europe)
- Author(s):Manolis G. Varvounis
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Anthropology, Social Sciences, Customs / Folklore, Culture and social structure
- Page Range:401-410
- No. of Pages:10
- Keywords:customs; rituals; Southeastern Europe; Balkan folk culture; comparative folklore; ritual performances
- Summary/Abstract:This paper examines some of the customs and rituals of the annual holiday cycle that are prevalent among the peoples of Southeastern Europe. These are mainly customs related to agricultural and pastoral communities, and especially to the magical and ritualistic effort to achieve euphoria, fertility and good harvest. The economic, social and cultural conditions that contributed to their spread to the peoples of the region, their local variations and their adaptations to the cultural tradition of each people, and their progress from traditional to popular culture, i.e. their forms and survivals, are examined today, in the age of modernity. The forms of their reproduction and management today, in the context of folklore and all kinds of tourist farms, are also examined, as well as the tendency of their replacement by modern ritual forms.