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Спільне та відмінне у принципах номінації поселень і мікрооб’єктів

Author(s): Dmytro Buchko / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This work establishes commonnality in the naming principles of populated places (settlements) and other small geographic objects. Despite the different nature of settlements and other places and different methods of assigning proper names to different objects, there are some common nomination methods. In particular, these common methods include references to the fact that the object belongs to a specific owner or reflection of individual features of the object in its name.

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Výslovnostní specifika toponym v češtině

Author(s): Veronika Štěpánová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper is focused on the pronunciation of foreign and native toponyms in the contemporary Czech. The analysed material is based especially on the questions addressed to the language consulting centre of the Institute of the Czech Language, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. The pronunciation of a high number of toponyms is not stabilised in Czech and no work dealing with this topic in detail and formulating a complex of general rules is available. This gap is experienced by everybody who needs to use a problematic toponym even in its written form, for the declension of proper names is influenced especially by their pronunciation. If the pronunciation of toponyms is recorded in the manuals, various dictionaries include even inconsistent and contradictory pronunciation recommendations. The article analyses the names Edinburgh, Göteborg, Faerské ostrovy, Sevilla, Mallorca, and others.

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Paralelní formace v anoikonymii Čech

Author(s): Pavel Štěpán / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the so-called parallel formations occurring in anoikonyms, i.e. lexical units having the same form but being formed differently. In the common-noun sphere of the language such formations are usually understood as word-formation homonyms, but due to the fact that proper nouns have no lexical meaning this term is not adequate in proper nouns. The material basis is formed by minor place names (anoikonyms, names of non-settlement geographical objects) form the territory of Bohemia. The core of the paper is formed by the typology of parallel formations in anoikonyms. The individual analysed types include (1) formations formed by a certain suffix attached to two or more different, but formally identical bases (e.g. BRAMBORKA from the common noun brambora, as well as from the anthroponym Brambora), (2) formations (predominantly adjectives) formed by a certain suffix form formally resembling oikonyms having different endings (e.g. BLANICKÝ from the oikonym Blanice, as well as from the oronym Blaník), (3) formations varying in the different position of the morphological juncture (e.g. PRAŽAČKA from the oikonym Praha + -ačka, as well as from the anthroponym PRAŽÁK + -ka), (4) formations from reduced toponymical bases formally identical with formations from shorter unreduced toponyms.

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(Nie)autentyczność mikrotoponimów ustalonych po 1945 roku na tzw. Ziemiach Zachodnich

Author(s): Paweł Swoboda / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

One of the goals of the Commission for the Determination of Place Names, which has been reactivated after 1945, was to restore Polish (or Slavic) geographical names on so-called Recovered Territories on the basis of historical research and field work. In this paper I present the arguments which prove that names of physiografical objects on Western Lands included in official registries were in many cases artificial. The study also reveals some types of mistakes made by Commission during the determination of names.

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Z problematyki słoweńskich nazw mieszkańców i przymiotników pochodnych od nazw miejscowych

Author(s): Silvo Torkar / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the process of standardization in two language reference works (SKI 1985, SP 2001), names for inhabitants and adjectives derived from Slovene place names underwent radical intervention. All too often, the principle of »predictable« derivation from place names causes names for inhabitants and adjectives to be in conflict with the actual usage, and, most importantly, to disregard the special features of the Slovene name-formation process. Suffixes in Slovene place names (-iče, -ica,-jane, -ina, -ek/-ik, -sk, -n) have not always played a role in the derivation of the inhabitant-naming and adjectival forms. A necessary but insufficient condition for their absence in the process is the fact that a toponym received the suffix only at the level of name-forming rather than when it was still a common name. In the design of normative guides, it is therefore necessary to take into account the fact that much of Slovene linguistic and social history is coded in names for inhabitants and adjectival derivatives from place names, and, consequently, to respect genuine name forms. Introducing so-called »predictable« derivatives in the category of place names would take an unnecessary toll on segments of Slovene linguistic and cultural heritage.

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Živé osobné mená a pomenovacie modely v slovensko-poľskom jazykovom pomedzí

Author(s): Marcela Szczerbová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Animate nouns are common names that form a dynamic, constantly developing anthroponymic system manifested in spatial, temporal and frequency dimensions. The method of forming animate nouns is influenced by communication needs, socio-cultural situation of particular area, local habits and the formal aspect is affected by a local dialect. This research was carried out in the language boundary of Slovakia and Poland. On both sides, two neighbouring, but remarkably distinct villages were chosen. They differ in their character and nature, area, population, etc. On the Slovak side, the research was done in Rabca and Siehlne and in Poland it was Jablonka and Pekelnik. The results of the research are published in this article. The linguistic aspect of animate nouns – vocal and consonant system, inflexion, word class frequency, grammatical category of number and case – has been scrutinized in more detail.

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Toponymá v živých osobných menách

Author(s): Miroslav Kazík / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Toponyms in living names could serve as a foundation for creating a citizen name which is part of living name. However toponyms themselves can step into living names. Oikonyms and anoikonyms are the integral part of functional articles of living personal names. The basis of oikonyms and anoikonyms occurs in the living personal names in the form of individual characteristic according to origin and residence and in the name of house. The essence of living names comes from field research in the solitary-cottages area in Stará Turá region.

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Nazwy roślin uprawnych w śląskiej toponimii

Author(s): Danuta Lech-Kirstein / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper deals with Silesian macrotoponyms and microtoponyms that originate from the names of crops. These toponyms are part of the linguistic picture of the Silesian world, they show agriculture, pomiculture and horticulture methods and document the most frequently cultivated cereal plants (Jagielnica, Owiesno, Pszów), industrial plants (Chmieliska, Konopowiec, Lniszcze) and orchard plants (Gruszka, Jabłoniec, Za Trześnie). Some databases with names refer to specific times and events (Tabaczana Ścieżka), others are connected with the folk culture, natural medicine, agrarian rites, wedding customs, etc. In the light of these names, one can see the name creator and interpreter of the world, together with their point of view, conceptualization of the world and valuation.

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Wariantywność fleksyjna mikrotoponimów i mikrotoponimów jednakowo brzmiących na podstawie wybranych polskich nazw miejscowych

Author(s): Iwona Nobis / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the article is the flexion of the Polish homonymous names in the masculine. The term “homonyms” means the names of different objects that have the same shape. There are homonyms that have the same form in the nominative, but belong to different paradigms. The homonyms are segregated from the diachronic point of view, considering the sequence of linguistic phenomena over time. Just this episode contributes to the emergence of alternative forms. The homonyms appearance of flexion is rather common, as the homonymyty often occur in the Polish onomastics. For both place names as well as under ordinary nouns in the genitive singular, there are alternative forms.

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Toponimy z końcówką ‘-e w mianowniku

Author(s): Maria Czaplicka-Jedlikowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The here to fore monographs compiled on the basis of historical material prove how much valuable information can be found in archives. Documentation of materials gathered from the dictionary entitled ‘Nazwy miejscowości w Polsce. Układ a tergo’, ed. by E. Jakus-Borkowa and K. Nowikowa, proves that the collection of acquired names is extremely rich (380 names) and interesting. Half of the collection comprises topographic (Podjaworze, Śródborze, Zagórze) and cultural names (Ołtarze, Podworze, Zatorze). The remaining part of the collection is names registering existence of game and domestic animals (Kozarze, Turze). However, the most interesting group includes eponyms such as: Grzegorze, Łazarze, Niemierze, Samborze / Szymborze and Sławoborze which have a distinct microtoponymic function (former parts of castellany, chapter or a village) located in various parts of Poland (podkarpackie, mazowieckie, podlaskie, warmińsko-mazurskie, kujawskopomorskie) from the 13th to 15th century.

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Nazwy wybranych form ochrony przyrody – podobieństwa i różnice

Author(s): Mirosława Świtała-Cheda / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article presents the names of the forms of nature, particularly monumental trees and boulders and the names of national parks. These are discussed primarily in the context of criteria used in toponymy, but also in terms of onimic motivation, structure and function in order to point out the similarities and differences between them.

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Terytorialna i kulturowa identyfikacja w krakowskich nazwach firmowych

Author(s): Ewa Młynarczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Subjects of a closer analysis in the paper are Cracovian names of firms that were intended to emphasise relationships between firms or institutions and the place of their activities and thus to contribute to their territorial and cultural identification. Name-formative foundations of the analysed firmonyms are as follows: the town name (Kraków/Cracow), names of quarters and housing estates, names of streets, rivers and other stably spatially situated objects like monuments (Wawel), gates, turnpikes, forts, mounds, tenements etc. Considering specificity of Cracow and its role in the world’s cultural heritage some toponyms – keeping individual identification – have much wider (national or even universal) range. Names of firms derived from such toponyms perform not only localization but also persuasive function that arouses positive feelings connected with well-known and admired town. They also perform commemorative function fixing old, not being used any more names of quarters or reminding places that are historically important for the town. The function of firmonyms derived from names of streets, objects that are only locally known, is to arouse feelings of familiarity and intimacy.

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Mikrotoponimy w systemie identyfikacji wizualnej wybranych łódzkich firm medycznych

Author(s): Marta Ułańska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of this research/text is the analysis of the selected items of corporate design on the examples of companies of Lodz. The main problem is the microtoponym-name – its functioning in the system as well as a connection of structural and semantic elements of the business name with the visualization of the company. Gathered material includes some about 100 names of companies specializing in the medical industry. The corporate design is one of the most important components influencing the process of creating the corporate image. The business name, as a linguistic sign, requires the visual setting. There were chosen three elements of the logo for analysis: the shape, the color of the sign and the type of the font with which a microtoponym-name is written. There were also considered two things: outside signs of enterprises and the way the trademark functions on the website. Moreover, the connection of structural and semantic elements with the visual transmission was observed.

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Les noms de résidences et d’ensembles résidentiels: entre toponyme urbain et nom commercial

Author(s): Monika Kostro / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The article, which combines the perspective of onomastics and urban sociolinguistics, is an attempt at characterising a special category of proper names, which consists of the names of developers’investments – condominiums and housing estates. On the one hand, they can be analysed as place names, as a type of urban toponyms, on the other hand, they can be treated as names of products for sale, as commercial names. As place names, they should embody the location features of the real estate, as well as be part of the toponym system of a given city. As commercial names, they should above all perform a persuasive function, creating in the mind of a receiver an attractive vision of a place of living. The aim of the article is to analyse the way in which the naming strategies applied by developers reflect this dual requirement of creating names which embody the characteristics of both urban toponyms and commercial names, on the basis of the corpus of names of investments carried out in France and in Poland.

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Colour terms in microtoponymy of Western Bulgaria (with special attention to metaphoric uses of colour terms)

Author(s): Maya Vlahova-Angelova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Colours in microtoponymy play significant role in patterning the local model of the Universe. They refer to some places as a consequence of various associations. Colour terms via their figurative uses are linguistic expression of abstract naïve thinking. This study investigates if figurative meanings of colour terms are inherent in Bulgarian microtoponymy and what they stand for. In other words it tries to prove that in microtoponymy the notion of cleanness could be expressed by the term white or the idea of danger/risk could be manifested by the term black.

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Problemy onomastyczne czy translatorskie – kilka uwag o onomastyce migowej

Author(s): Alicja Podstolec / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The chapter deals with different ways of creating names of towns in the Polish sign language, as well as their relations with names in the Polish language. The text raises an issue of whether it is really possible to give names to towns in sign language or it is merely a translation of already existing – in the Polish language – toponyms, thus, whether these issues concern onomastics or translation studies. Referring to other languages aims at presenting a wider context of research on sign languages.

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Vers une classification toponymique des pseudonymes en français tchaté

Author(s): Jan Lazar / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This article focuses on toponyms forming the nicknames used by Internet users, especially in the context of real time communication on the Internet, which means communication on chats. The main aim of this article is to suggest a classification of nicknames formed from a toponym, as well as to bring their exact quantification in this particular type of electronic communication. A huge richness of nicknames is illustrated by the concrete examples taken from the corpus.

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Sposoby użycia nazw toponimicznych w tekstach prasowych

Author(s): Beata Afeltowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Toponymy is a huge collection of geographical names, which consists of: 1. place names, 2. field names, 3. mountain names, so called oronyms, 4. water names, so called hydronyms, 5. City names, so called urbonyms. There is also a division of toponymy into two basic groups: oikonyms, or names of inhabited places and anoikonyms, or names of uninhabited places. According to this classification, the study included only oikonyms. First of all, the aim of this study was to show the characteristic ways of using toponymic names in contemporary news and journalistic press texts. What is more, the author wanted to keep trace of innovations, extralinguistic and intralinguistic errors that occur in using this onimical category. n order to research the presented issue, the author used daily newspapers, mainly from the area of Western Pomerania such as “Głos Szczeciński” (“Voice of Szczecin”), “Kurier Szczeciński” (“Courier of Szczecin”), nationwide newspapers such as “Metro” and weekly TV magazine “Tele Tydzień” (“TV Week”), from year 2010 to year 2012.

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Wartości konotacyjne wybranych toponimów (na materiale publicystyki prasowej)

Author(s): Elżbieta Bogdanowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Proper names signify single words of all kinds: people, places, mountains, rivers, institutions, etc. However, they do not reflect meanings. As a result of deonymisation, i.e. loosening of denotative associations between the word and the object denoted by it, proper names become meaningful units. Their connotative value, or a number of concepts and ideas, about the denotat which the onym refers to, is an important source of semantic content. Semantics viewed in this way puts a new perspective on research in proper names. The article shows the results of a research on the broadly defined toponyms, such as Waterloo, Eldorado, Mount Olympus, the Himalayas, Auschwitz, Brooklyn, Belarus appearing in the press in 2005–2012 in a variety of contexts, where the literary meaning in a toponymic form changes. Consequently, accumulation of additional semantic content in fixed or occasional connotative forms occurs.

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Nazwy miejsc w wybranych utworach literatury niemimetycznej

Author(s): Izabela Domaciuk-Czarny / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article examines geographical names in selected Polish fantasy novels. The analysis of such names should take into consideration the markers of fantasy convention. The onomastics of some novels, for instance A. Sapkowski’s texts, proves that this literature is non-mimetic. Still, a considerable number of Polish fantasy texts contain proper names whose origin is untypical of fantasy convention. They are connected with realistic onomastics style and serve pragmatic functions in the presented world that consists of magical and realistic planes (for example stories by A. Ziemiański, A. Pilipiuk, D Wieczorek). Geographical names can also perform grotesque, expressive and intertextual functions in humorous fantasy (for instance in J. Piekara and M. Wolski).

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