La traduction de Lazarillo de Tormes en polonais. Sur le polissage de quelques griffes aigües du malin Lazarillo-Łazik

Author(s): Sonia Fajkis / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2010

The first translation of Spanish masterpiece Lazarillo de Tormes appeared in Poland belatedly, in 1923, i.e. over 350 years after the earliest known edition from 1554. It seems that Maurycy Mann udertaking the translation of Łazik z Tormesu did not fully comprehend the complexity of the novel. The article takes a closer look at the way the hunger haunting the main character affects his perception of time. Making use of specific syntaxical, lexical and phonetic constructions the author succeeded in creating the atmosphere of acute prolongation of time. Those, among others, will become challenge for the translator of Polish version of the novel.

René Laforgue lecteur de Baudelaire et Rousseau. Une lecture autobiographique?

Author(s): Dominique Rougé / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2010

Psychoanalysis of reading of the opus does not have a good reputation in our times. For the most part it stems from the fact that analyses have never stopped being full of themselves and have demanded a right to say the final word for a subject of the scrutinizing opus placing emphasis on the author’s personality. René Laforgue, who belongs to the first fraternity of french psychoanalysts, was doing research connected with artists like Baudelaire or Jean-Jacques Rousseau treating them not as the artists but as patients. This analyse, which was carried out by Laforgue, is created to put the final touch to his own conception of the neurosis of defeat criticizing by Freud. It is possible also to read authors mentioned above by Laforque in his biographical context. His suspicious connections with the occupier during the second world war ruined his reputation and resulted in his personal failure. It seems that a reason of this self-destruction was inattentive Freud’s attitude to himself as well as his work.

Los dobletes “indirectos” (1611–1739). Aportaciones al estudio de los dobletes en español

Author(s): Ewa Stala / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2010

This paper aims to highlight a phenomenon related with the Spanish etymological doublets: in contrast to the classical situation when a doublet originates of an identical Latin form, the subject of the study are the doublets in which one component is directly derived from classical Latin whereas the other from Vulgar or Medieval Latin. The analysis covers 15 doublets and comprises the following aspects: etymology and 1st documentation of both the popular and scholar form and their phonetic and semantic differences.

Rimodellamento semantico di alcuni italianismi in polacco – uno studio contrastivo

Author(s): Maria Malinowska / Language(s): Italian Issue: 10/2010

This paper analyzes the problem of semantic adaptation of some Italian lexical borrowings in Polish in comparison with Italian source lexemes. The differences in meaning are illustrated not only by definitional evidence from dictionaries but also by citational evidence from the Korpus języka polskiego PWN and the Corpus della Repubblica. The analysis aims at presenting processes of semantic change that Italian lexical borrowings underwent in Polish due to linguistic or extralinguistic factors. The analyzed lexical borrowings from Italian are used with referential value (gastronomic borrowings that undergo the process of specialization), appear as citations naming strictly Italian items (omerta, kamorra), copy the polysemy of the source lexemes (getto, mafia) or undergo semantic generalization and acquire a Polish specific meaning (kawaler) or differ in connotational meaning (faszyzm).

Les couleurs dans les noms de lieux habités en France

Author(s): Przemysław Dębowiak / Language(s): French Issue: 10/2010

The paper intends to present a colourful image of metropolitan France, based on 378 inhabited place names found in the European part of the French territory in which exists a reference to any colour. The studied toponymes, collected in their majority from the index attached to a road atlas of Europe, are analysed from etimological and formal point of view (corresponding, respectively, to division according to colour and classification in three groups: simple colour names, derivatives from colour names and composed names). The final considerations contain conclusions resulting from the analysis, sustained by several statistics and accompanied by two provisory maps illustrating some of indicated phenomena

Note sulla funzione della diatesi passiva in italiano e in inglese a livello della prospettiva funzionale dell’enunciato (PFE)

Author(s): Eva Klímová / Language(s): Italian Issue: 10/2010

The article deals with the passive in Italian and in English from the Functional Sentence Perspective point of view. While all the other verbal categories perform a function within the communicative units of the theme and the transition proper, the function of the passive is different: it may be observed as a means of changes within the syntactic structure of the sentence and, at the same time, as a means of changes in the sentence perspective. The conclusion is that the passive is more often used in English with the aim to change the fixed, i.e. grammaticalized word order. As a result the sentence prospective changes as well. In Italian the word order is more flexible and the passive is used especially with the aim to make anonymous the agent.

Errori dovuti a interferenze negli scritti degli apprendenti polacchi (livello intermedio e avanzato). Ricerca corpus based

Author(s): Roman Sosnowski / Language(s): Italian Issue: 10/2010

This corpus-based research attempts at presenting errors of Polish intermediate and advanced students that can be found in Gran VALICO corpus. Only errors due to linguistic interference were taken into account. They were considered at the morphological, syntactic and lexical levels. Although interference is mostly present in the initial stage of language learning, some persistent errors were found also in writings with high overall evaluation. The problems involve, among others, use of ‘congiuntivo’ and ‘condizionale composto’, auxiliary verbs, spatial deictics and various types of the so-called false friends. It is also argued that corpus-based approach with a morphosyntactically annotated corpus is much more effective for managing linguistic data and sometimes reveals unexpected interference patterns.

Linguaggio della Seconda Repubblica nel panorama della comunicazione politica all’alba del nuovo millenio

Author(s): Paulina Leśniak / Language(s): Italian Issue: 10/2010

The main focus of the article is to depict the changes in the political communication in Italy that happened at the beginning of the 90’s, as an aftermath of Mani pulite investigation and the changes within the voting system. The language, used by the politicians of the so-called “Second Republic” and the persuasive techniques they use to gain support of the electors, have undergone some modifications, due to the strong impact of the mass media, but also the new socio-political situation. According to the rules of marketing policy, communication is based on the construction of the image that would live up to the recipients’ expectations. Political communication remains under the influence of personalization and spectacle – the political language is the language of the leaders of different parties. However, the language itself is simple, comprehensible for most of the citizens. One of the politicians who have strong impact on the political situation in Italy is, undoubtedly, Silvio Berlusconi. He gained tremendously big support in short time period, by following the rules of marketing policy and using proper communication strategies.

A modalidade é a alma da frase – alguns processos de expressão da modalidade nas línguas espanhola e portuguesa

Author(s): Natalia Czopek / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2010

The principal purpose of the essay is to analyze the processes of the expression of modality in the Spanish and Portuguese languages and to present some linguistic means that the speaker can use in order to express his attitude towards the content of the message. The analysis includes the usage of verbal periphrasis, intonation, auxiliary verbs of modality, some tenses of the indicative mood, modal adverbs and modal particles. The paper puts emphasis on the role of the modal attitude of the speaker and different ways of expression provided by the aforementioned processes.

Dos caras opuestas de la misma centuria. Notas sobre la morfología española del siglo XII

Author(s): Andrzej Zieliński / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 10/2010

The main purpose of this study is to show the development of the morphology of the Castilian of XIII century, which can be separated on two large episodes: archaic and innovative. Analyzing the texts of that period, the author will demonstrate the impact of Spanish king Alfonso X of Castile’s work on the morphological paradigm through the innovation of linguistics forms which resulted, above all, by establishing Spanish as the official language in the Kingdom of Castile and León..

Formacje z sufiksem -ok w polszczyźnie potocznej

Author(s): Renata Kucharzyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2014

The article concerns the occurrence in the Polish colloquial language of the new type of word formations with the -ok suffix. The occurrence of this suffix results from the influence of Polish local dialects. The -ok formant to which this article refers is the result of phonetic changes to the -ak suffix. In certain local dialects this suffix is pronounced with the vowel that is very similar or even identical to "o", as a result of which -åk > -ok. The derivatives such as wsiok, jabcok, pijok are more and more popular in colloquial communication. Numerous examples of such formations may be found in the Internet language. Words with the -ok suffix also appear in literary texts and in the press, which confirms the fact that the formant has become very popular.

Przejście pie. *p w pgerm. *f utrwalone w polsko-angielskich wyrazach pokrewnych: praformy różniące się budową słowotwórczą oraz inne zmiany modyfikuj

Author(s): Mikołaj Rychło / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2014

The present paper is the second in the series devoted to the traces of Grimm’s Law in Polish-English cognates. Like the first, it concentrates on the change of PIE *p to PGmc *f, but this time the focus is on the cases which pose some methodological difficulties. Firstly, the paper discusses less transparent juxtapositions of cognates which descend from incongruous morphological structures or etymons exhibiting different ablaut grades, but sharing the same root. Secondly, the paper presents the phonological developments which obscured the sound change of PIE *p to PGmc *f (such as Verner’s Law, the change of PIE *kw > Pre-Gmc *p, simplification of consonant clusters, or analogical changes).

Nazwa własna w tekście epistolarnym a osobliwości idiolektalne Witkacego — na przykładzie Listów do żony z lat 1923–1939

Author(s): Halszka Górny / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2014

In the article the occurrence of proper names in the letter structure, conceived as a genre of text, taking into consideration aspects that determine the genelogical identity of the family epistolary text, is being discussed. So the onyms that occur in opening and closing phrases and in the bodies of letters were shown and the propria characteristic of the colloquial variant of the language, but with clearly marked features of Witkacy’s idiolect, were described. Attention was also paid to the names included in the structures that imply dialogicality of the monologue text or that profile the recipient as well as to the onyms in the documentary and factual dimension.

Profesor Roman Laskowski (17 II 1936–21 VI 2014)

Author(s): Piotr Żmigrodzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2014

Apel jasnogórski jako gatunek w formie kolekcji

Author(s): Małgorzata Dawidziak-Kładoczna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2014

The article touches upon the appeal from Jasna Góra, which has been treated as a collection genre including a hymn, a prayer, a sermon and a blessing. At first the author discusses the genre structure of the appeal and focuses on both the canon model and its alternations which determine the identity of the structural model. Special attention has been paid to the delimitation frame, features of a homily and the prayer segment as well as their interplay. The pragmatic aspect is very interesting, especially the complex sender-receiver relations, the effect of the presence of dialogue, a variety of people and a wealth of speech acts. The analysed texts represent the religious style whose most important features are: formulaic discourse, special terminology, metaphors, schematic character. In the cognitive aspect we observe the Christian (especially Roman Catholic) and national point of view. Also liturgical time is a very important category .

Inwencja nazwotwórcza bydgoszczan (na materiale nazw pawilonu «Akwarium i Terrarium» w Ogrodzie Fauny Polskiej w Bydgoszczy)

Author(s): Małgorzata Święcicka,Monika Peplińska-Narloch / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2014

The main aim of the present work is an attempt to review and classify the proper names for the “Aquarium and Terrarium” pavilion. The names were submitted by the inhabitants of Bydgoszcz within the “Competition for the name of the pavilion in the Polish Fauna Garden in Bydgoszcz”, organized in November 2012 by the Mayor of Bydgoszcz. The typology is based primarily on the semantic criterion according to which the individual names were included in specific groups with common or similar motivation. Also the structural criterion was not without significance in the classification of the names. The submitted proposals may be considered chrematonyms. The submitted proposals of names constitute a rich and varied set, they are a result of a variety of choices in which information about the word is connected with the information about the object, but also they go beyond the object itself on the basis of associations with the mental images (imaginative) referring to various pieces of extra-linguistic reality. In many cases they refer in a wide range to the communicative competence of the Polish language users, to their knowledge, firmly embedded in the socio-cultural context, which allows them to use various sign systems functioning in a certain community. Literature, cinema, television and the Internet can be such systems. A characteristic feature of the submitted nominations is also crossing the linguistic boundaries, which results in forming multilingual names. On the one hand the submitted names are original and in many cases reveal the language creativity of their authors, on the other hand — they reflect broader trends in naming.

Recenzje

Author(s): Agata Kawecka,Regina Pawłowska,Anna Masiewicz,Barbara Ścigała-Stiller / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2014

Jolanta Kowalewska-Dąbrowska, Tekst poetycki jako przedmiot badań lingwistycznych. Teoria i praktyka w kontekście semantycznych interpretacji utworów poetyckich Janusza Pasierba oraz Anny Kamieńskiej, by R. Pawłowska Rafał Zarębski, Rzeczownikowe prefiksy obcego pochodzenia w historii języka polskiego, by A. Kawecka Małgorzata Marcjanik, Słownik językowego savoir-vivre’u, by B. Ścigała-Stiller Elżbieta Sękowska, Język emigracji polskiej w świecie. Bilans i perspektywy badawcze, by. A. Masiewicz

BEN OKRI’S MADAME KOTO AS A METAPHOR OF COLONIAL DOMINATION

Author(s): Anca – Ioana Maier / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2011

“Ben Okri’s Madame Koto as a Metaphor of Colonial Domination”. The focus of this paper is on Madame Koto, one of the main characters in Ben Okri’s trilogy, “The Famished Road” and is an attempt to outline the main traits of her personality. At the same time it concentrates on showing how the Nigerian writer uses this character as a metaphor for the British colonial domination in Nigeria thus revealing the negative aspects of this period that marked deeply the history of the African state.

AESTHETIC ALTERNATIVES IN THE ROMANIAN LITERARY NEO-MODERNISM. WOMEN WRITERS AND FICTIONAL EVASION

Author(s): Călin Teutişan / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2011

“Aesthetic Alternatives in the Romanian Literary Neo-Modernism. Women Writers and Fictional Evasion”. The study analyses, through a close critical reading, the symptomatic alliance between the aesthetic value and the ideologically subversive message of certain narrative fictions written, during the communist regime, by Romanian women writers such as Ana Blandiana and Sânziana Pop. The two novelists constantly develop a detailed aesthetic methodology of alternative writing (a polemical version to “the socialist realism” of the politically engaged literature, submissive to the totalitarian regime), based on “Aesopic discourse” and on various textual and imaginary structures that allow the liberating “fictional evasion”.

WOMEN WRITERS IN GEORGE CĂLINESCU’S LITERARY CRITICISM

Author(s): Magda Wächter / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2011

“Women Writers in George Călinescu’s Literary Criticism”. This study analyses George Călinescu’s perspective on feminine literature, as expressed by the critic both in his monumental History of Romanian Literature from its Origins to the Present, first published in 1941, and in other critical texts. His opinions on this subject, very suggestive for the critic’s general approach, may be also relevant for the historical and cultural frame of his epoch. As they appear in several reviews, essays, and aesthetic studies, they also provide an interesting perspective of the typical image of women in Romanian literature, as compared to other literatures. Without referring to all of Călinescu’s studies and articles dedicated to women’s literary works, the study points to the main ideas that reveal the author’s general view on this subject.