BÖLÜM 1 BAŞKA DÜZLEMDE BİR KADIN OLARAK ÖTEKİ OLMAK

Author(s): Ayse Kiran / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Tıp biliminden gelen bu terim “canlılarda, kendisi normal olan anatomik öğelerin aslında normal olarak bulunmaması gereken yerlerde ortaya çıkması” olarak genel bir biçimde tanımlanabilir. Michel Foucault’nun 1996’da, felsefede yeniden oluşturduğu bu sözcük, önce dilbilimde, sonra da yazınbilimde kullanılmıştır. Terim bir süre unutulmuş gibi görünse de son yıllarda güçlü bir biçimde yeniden, yeni bakış açıları ile kullanılmaktadır. Bilindiği gibi “hétéro” öneki “farklı”, “başka”, “karmaşık” anlamlarına gelir; “topie” ise “yer”, “düzlem” gibi anlamları içerir. Bu çerçevede “hétérotopie” birbirine benzemeyen ama bir arada bulunan başka yer, ya da düzlemler” olarak tanımlanabilir. Foucault bu terimi şöyle açımlıyor: “Zamansız ve çelişkili, devinimli ve durağan, ulaşılabilir ve kapalı, kalıcı ve tartışmalı, özgürleştirici ve baskıcı düzlemler” . Philippe Sabot’nun anlatımıyla başkadüzlem “kendi içinde tutarlı olanı yırtan, bozan” düzlemlerdir . Başkadüzlemsel yerler ya rastlantısal ya da çizgisel olarak karşıt, birbirine benzemeyen uzamlardır. Başka uzamlar bir gücün de, bir bireyin imgelemini de yansıtabilirler . Bu anlamda yaşadığımız gerçek ve imgelemsel düzlemleri tartışmaya açarlar.

Etos pracy w literaturze i kulturze — wprowadzenie do tomu studiów

Author(s): Michał Kuran / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The study presents in the first part various forms of work (from physical to mental) done in the countrywide and in the city, as well as the motivation accompanying it (satisfying hunger and gaining foods ensuring existence), characterizes the term of ethos, especially the work ethos, provides a review of issues related to work in Polish literature from the time of the Enlightenment to the end of the 20th century. The second part of the study presents a review of the proverbs about work and the genesis of the book presented to the reader, preceded by a scientific conference. The part constituting a review of work depictions in Polish literature treats about the employment of people belonging to different groups and social classes (nobles, burghers, clergy, peasantry), the effort of a farmer, a worker working in a factory or at the building site, a craftsman (weaver, carpenter), a driver, an engineer (builder supervising the production process), a wandering lamplighter, a teacher, an artist or a writer. It also concerns slavish labor of prisoners. The study presents literary images of work created under the influence of organic work, the cult of power stemming from Nietzscheanism and the slogans of the reconstruction of the socialist homeland. Writers are accompanied with the idea of presenting the psyche transformation of a man burdened with work. Proverbs show work as a necessity providing food and maintenance and leading to enrichment Chile diligence as a virtue, which is opposed by laziness leading to hunger and poverty. Work according to proverbs is associated with effort and prudence.

Praca w literaturze od antyku po koniec XVII wieku — wybrane ujęcia

Author(s): Michał Kuran / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the study is to capture the richness of work forms described in literature from antiquity to the end of the 17th century. The dominant feature is the presentation of a work image in selected Old Polish works. Significant for the deliberations is the division verbalized by Sebastian Fabian Klonowic, who, following the ancient authorities, defined what activities can the nobility deal with and which of them did not belong to its state ethos. The study was divided into three parts. The first presents selected works constituting the state of researches on the issue. Second part presents chosen examples of descriptions and opinions about the topic of work derived from the Bible, mythology and the Classical Literature (especially works od Hesiod, Virgil and Horace). Third part brings closer the images of work portrayed in Polish literature of the Renaissance and the Baroque. Especially there are works connected with a life of nobleman-landowner (landlord), diplomat, peasant and shepherd, slave, soldier, rafter, sailor, miner, steelworker as well as a writer. The study brings closer also chosen examples of theoretical considerations about the topic of work by mainly Renaissance thinkers. The topic of work is present in the Old Polish writings representing various literary forms, as well as literary genres, were created often under the influence of the authority of the ancient literature. Writers once show strict division of performers and activities motivated by their state affiliation, elsewhere the cooperation of the representatives of various states in a realization of common objective. The study also perceives the work of a slave functioning in the Osman Empire in conjunction with the position and difficulty of the serf peasant.

Praca jako źródło szczęścia w Błogosławieństwie ziemi Knuta Hamsuna Moralizatorstwo i dydaktyzm powieści

Author(s): Michał Sadowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Growth of the Soil — a book wrote by Knut Hamsun in 1917 is a novel from Norwegian New Realism, glorifying rural life in harmony with nature and praising work as one of the most import ant occupations of man. This is a novel of two cultures, former represented by Izak — a main hero, and the new symbolized by the robbery exploitation of mountainous mineral deposits and the mesmerizing innovations of the traditional rural community, which ends with the triumph of the former. Eternal human instincts and hundreds of years of proven solutions win with the new usurpations and trends. Hamsun seems to say that, despite the fact that the decay factor seems to be overwhelming, power, stubbornness and fidelity with a much longer pedigree of value are capable of making the instantaneous modern ethos victory turn soon into its spectacular defeat.

Conceptual metaphor as a mechanism behind figurative sense extensions of the spatial preposition at and its Polish equivalents

Author(s): Maria Brenda / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The recent cognitive research into spatial prepositions have shed light on the rich semantic structures spatial prepositions usually encode. Prepositional semantics is typically conceived of as a conceptual category with a prototype at the center and extended senses at various distances away from it. The extended senses may encode spatial scenes other than the one encoded by the prototype, or they may be metaphorical in nature. In fact, it is not an exaggeration to say that most, if not all, spatial prepositions have metaphorical meaning components in their semantic networks. The proposed study investigates the figurative senses of the spatial preposition at encoding the concept of coincidence. It aims to demonstrate that the cognitive mechanisms of conceptual metaphor account for its figurative sense extensions. The question of Polish equivalence is also taken into consideration. The senses of the Polish spatial prepositions w, na, przy, and o are discussed to determine to what extent they are motivated by the same metaphorical processes.

Nazwy blogów kulinarnych jako przejaw kreatywności językowej w internecie

Author(s): Natalia Boczek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Przejawy kreatywności w prywatno-publicznych rozmowach ze sportowcami (na podstawie wideobloga "Igłą szyte")

Author(s): Beata Kacperska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Kolokacje w języku polskich i włoskich forów internetowych dla mam małych dzieci jako przykład kreatywności językowej

Author(s): Marta Banaszek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Kreatywność językowa a nazwy blogów parentingowych

Author(s): Aleksandra Kujawiak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Kreatywność językowa użytkowników jeździeckich forów internetowych

Author(s): Małgorzata Syrek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Kreatywność leksykalna w zakresie tworzenia form feminatywnych przez użytkowników portalu Facebook komentujących najpopularniejsze feministyczne fanpage’e

Author(s): Anita Brzyszcz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

O kreatywnym wykorzystaniu narzędzi internetowych w badaniu tekstów

Author(s): Justyna Jedlikowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Facebook jako współczesne narzędzie komunikacji i kreatywności językowej

Author(s): Magdalena Wójtowicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Artyści modernistyczni jako mniejszość

Author(s): Gabriela Matuszek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In the text Modernist artists as a minority G. Matuszek tries to apply the category of minorities to artistic groups, focusing primarily on the situation of artists of early modernism captured in broader contexts. The author shows that artistic environments are often in a “minority situation”, although this minority fulfills only some elements of the ‘hard’ definitions. Psychological dimension plays a significant role here — the subjective feeling of ‘being a minority’ and the expression of distinctiveness, and the linking factors include recognizing the world in the state of crisis, alienation and (self)exclusion, anthropological similarity (theories of higher evolutionary development) etc

Między asymilacją a wykluczeniem, czyli o paradoksach emigracyjnego życia i twórczości artysty kabaretowego

Author(s): Lidia Ignaczak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article presents two cabaret artists, admittedly living in a different historical times, presenting different cabaret styles, whose fate, however, puts them to the similar test. Both Maria Krysińska (Polish Jewess, who successfully joins the life of Parisian bohemian of the late 19th century, the poet of the Club of Hydropathes and the femme chansonnier in the cabaret Chat Noir) and Fryderyk Járosy (arrived from Austria, the legendary conférencier in the cabaret Qui Pro Quo, and in other Warsaw cabarets of the interwar period) experienced the effects of deterritorialization: on the one hand can no longer identify themselves with the cultural order of their old homeland, on the other hand — they cannot fully participate in the artistic life of their new homeland. They both were trapped in the gap of time, between the two different models of life, which did not allow their full assimilation nor full exclusion..

Jak Polak widzi Innego? Wpływ mowy nienawiści skierowanej do osób odmiennych kulturowo na społeczną percepcję Innych

Author(s): Julita Woźniak,Monika Kopytowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article explores the problem of hate speech targeted at various minority groups in Poland, along with the motivations behind it and the implications it has for the social perception of the Other. Adopting a sociological perspective on intercultural relations in the globalized world and mediatized public sphere, and examining Poland’s national and ethnic composition over the centuries, the authors identify the causes of hostility towards culturally different groups. They also discuss the role of the Internet in facilitating the spread of hateful and radical messages, in particular those exploiting religious, ethnic and cultural differences, as well as definitions and legal provisions concerning hate speech and its particular instances in the Polish context. Some of the findings presented here are based on the analyses conducted within the European project C.O.N.T.A.C.T. exploring various aspects of hate speech and hate crime in ten EU countries.

Autopromocja stacji telewizyjnych z perspektywy retorycznej. Techniki perswazyjne

Author(s): Barbara Sobczak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article focuses on persuasion techniques used by media broadcasters in selfpromotional activities. These techniques are a specific way, in which the broadcaster acts in the communication process. Certain elements of this process can be emphasized or modified in order to increase its impact. The starting point of this article was an assumption, that the selection of persuasive techniques is derivatized from such rhetorical determinants, as the context of functioning of the media (ex. The effects of technological changes: the unification of media products, the exponential increase in the amount of information, the increasing global competition). Also, planned target groups and objective of the broadcaster. The research material allows to distinct persuasion techniques implemented at three levels in self-promotional activities of media broadcasters: 1) ways of transmitting the information (ex. Repetition and targeting audiences), 2) content (ex. positive selection technique, fragmentation, use of the unavailability rule, displaying the benefits from interacting with the medium, increasing the attractiveness of the communication by referring to broadly respected authorities) and 3) the forms of communication (uniqueness technique).

Kreacja z niczego. Propaganda faszystowska w Litzmannstadt

Author(s): Marek Ostrowski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses activities of the Nazi propaganda in Litzmannstadt (Nazi name for Lodz, Poland). Said propaganda promoted central concepts of fascist ideology such as Volk, land and leadership in battle. The goal of political and military action was to restore and maintain the cultural domination over other nations. The Nazi state was ethnically, linguistically and racially uniform – it lacked the concept of tolerance towards ethnic minorities. An important feature of this propaganda was its impact on the activities of administrative organs.

Wywiad w początkach swojej historii. Zmiany w realizacji gatunku

Author(s): Małgorzata Kita / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

An interview as a form of journalistic genre was created in the first half of 19th century. The authoress is researching how this form was constructed in the first century of its existence. The material used in the article is based on the anthology Press Interviews of All Times by Ch. Silvester. Genre analysis shows that from the beginning interlocutors were people chosen on the basis of having something interesting to say on the subject. From the structural point of view one may say that first interviews had been formed as a dialogue between two people presenting pragmatic quantities: a journalist and a person worth to be published in the newspaper. A form parallel to these were interviews with narrative element, similar to the form of report. The authoress is pointing out the similarities between interview and a report.

Językowa i stylistyczna wielogłosowość publicystyki okolicznościowej

Author(s): Maria Wojtak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article has been conceived as an attempt to characterize a particular press publication in the shape of a genre collection. It is an extra to „Tygodnik Powszechny” (No. 29, 2018) under the title “Festiwal Stolica Języka Polskiego” (“Festival the Capital of the Polish Language)”. The publication reproduces a form of press magazine, since apart from the festival program, it includes: an editorial, interviews, reviews, commentaries and silhouettes of selected participants of the festival. Therefore, we deal with a co-occurrence of particular utterances at a specific place and time, typical for a collection. The function of notification about a cultural event (the festival) and the function of promoting the event can be ascribed to the whole issue. The author analyzes the abovementioned publication in the discursive perspective, and so she draws attention to specified communication practices, typical of contemporary press that create a complicated network of strategies, goals and forms of communication, contributing to the shape of contemporary journalism. The analytic purpose of the article is to present a communication polymorphism of a particular set of press utterances that interpret a specified reality and aim at convincing the readers to this interpretation. Particular utterances are treated as voices, i.e. communicatively (pragmatically) and formally shaped types of language activities.