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The most representative moments from the life and work of the Romanian playwright and novelist Ion Luca Caragiale are reflected in the communication. Also, the most important works of the writer from the collection of the USARB Scientific Library are used.
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In this paper is presented the word “havra” from semantic point of view – its meanings, matchability, use, as well as the origin of the word “havra“ in Bulgarian, Greek and Russian with fair relevance in the examined three languages.
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Pursuit of communication is the major motivation in foreign language learning. Knowing one or more foreign languages today is no longer an additional qualification, but is part of the basic knowledge indispensable for the next stage of students’ education. Mastering a foreign language is not limited to acquiring knowledge about grammatical construction, lexical units and phonetic features of a certain language. In view of the fact that “culture is the necessary context for using a certain language” (web 3), the ability to fully use a foreign language in communication is preconditioned by the mastery of background knowledge related to the cultural specificity and civilization model of the nation.Pursuit of communication is the major motivation in foreign language learning. Knowing one or more foreign languages today is no longer an additional qualification, but is part of the basic knowledge indispensable for the next stage of students’ education. Mastering a foreign language is not limited to acquiring knowledge about grammatical construction, lexical units and phonetic features of a certain language. In view of the fact that “culture is the necessary context for using a certain language” (web 3), the ability to fully use a foreign language in communication is preconditioned by the mastery of background knowledge related to the cultural specificity and civilization model of the nation.Pursuit of communication is the major motivation in foreign language learning. Knowing one or more foreign languages today is no longer an additional qualification, but is part of the basic knowledge indispensable for the next stage of students’ education. Mastering a foreign language is not limited to acquiring knowledge about grammatical construction, lexical units and phonetic features of a certain language. In view of the fact that “culture is the necessary context for using a certain language” (web 3), the ability to fully use a foreign language in communication is preconditioned by the mastery of background knowledge related to the cultural specificity and civilization model of the nation.Pursuit of communication is the major motivation in foreign language learning. Knowing one or more foreign languages today is no longer an additional qualification, but is part of the basic knowledge indispensable for the next stage of students’ education. Mastering a foreign language is not limited to acquiring knowledge about grammatical construction, lexical units and phonetic features of a certain language. In view of the fact that “culture is the necessary context for using a certain language” (web 3), the ability to fully use a foreign language in communication is preconditioned by the mastery of background knowledge related to the cultural specificity and civilization model of the nation.
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The article shed light on the early history of the Ottoman city of Akça Kizinlik, the predecessor of the modern city of Kazanlak, in order to discover the meaning of this name and its possible relationship with the name of the former Bulgarian district town of Krun. Evidence is presented that the city of Krun was located within the territory of today’s town of Kazanlak, near the Kulenska mahala residential district. This conclusion is supported by the linguistic analysis of the semantic rout Kizin of Kizýnlik, which regularly conveys the name of the medieval Bulgarian town of Krun. The first part of the Ottoman name, Akça “spring, a place rich in potable water”, repeats the meaning of the old Greek name Krunoi “spring”, latter transformed into Bulgarian name Kran.The article shed light on the early history of the Ottoman city of Akça Kizinlik, the predecessor of the modern city of Kazanlak, in order to discover the meaning of this name and its possible relationship with the name of the former Bulgarian district town of Krun. Evidence is presented that the city of Krun was located within the territory of today’s town of Kazanlak, near the Kulenska mahala residential district. This conclusion is supported by the linguistic analysis of the semantic rout Kizin of Kizýnlik, which regularly conveys the name of the medieval Bulgarian town of Krun. The first part of the Ottoman name, Akça “spring, a place rich in potable water”, repeats the meaning of the old Greek name Krunoi “spring”, latter transformed into Bulgarian name Kran.
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Walahfrid Strabo was a celebrated poet and theologian of the 9th century. He lived and studied mainly in Reichenau, a monastery in modern Germany, where he was monk and at some point abbot. His education covered the Scripture, the writings of the Holy Fathers, as well as Latin, Greek, geography, poetry and the liberal arts. Walahfrid’s many works, written in Latin, consist of theological treatises in prose and many poems on different subjects. Among them is a poem on gardening and the medicinal uses of the plants titled „De cultura hortorum” – „On the cultivation of gardens”. The poem has many scientific and poetical sources: Pliny the Elder, Collumela, Dioscorides, Celsus, Serenus Sammonicus, Pliny Valerianus, Apuleus Platonicus, Isidore of Seville, Virgil, Horace, Lucretius Carus. Strabo used his sources creatively, with a view to do more than just another compilation. He used the words and phrases he found as building blocks in order to come up with a new, contemporary concept for both aesthetics and utility. He is believed to have served as a monastery gardener himself, so likely fused his ideas and practical experience with the received literary tradition of his time. He thus created a unique snapshot of a real life cloister garden – his own garden – both authentic and ideal.
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The present paper explores the phraseological meaning and linguistic-cultural aspects of the latin phraseological units, so called “”flying thoughts”, containing onomastic component. The material was selected from “Dictionary of the Latin flying thoughts” (1982), edited by N. Babichev and J. Borovskij. The attention is paid to the semantic of phraseologisms, to different approaches of their synchronic and diachronic description, and to cultural specificity. Reflecting the nature of the Roman conception of the world and the human relationships phraseological units proceed from the subjective human experience. Proper names are linguistic items fulfilling a referential function. The proper names in phraseological units are of great importance in communication where they are signs of cultural, linguistic, geographical, ethnic and social identity.
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The paper deals with the Greek language question as well as the specific historic development of the Greek language. Special attention is paid to diglossia and the problems it brings about. The study highlights the points of view of the proponents of Dimotiki and Katharevousa, their contribution to the development of the language question and the theory of the unity of the Greek language. Last but not least, the paper also raises the issue of the arguments concerning the name of the Greek language (Dimotiki or Modern Greek) and its teaching.
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As designated as signs for second nomination, through its internal form the phraseological units are characterized with their feature to carry more enlarged knowledge and help to make more explicit the peculiarities of its world perception in comparison to the signs of first nomination. The present paper is an attempt the semantic aspect of the phraseological units of the semantic field of the concept „bread” to be analyzed and in particular the phraseological units of the model „wealth-poverty”, which belongs to the same semantic field. It is emphasized the central position of the bread in the linguistic consciousness of Bulgarians, Russians and Greeks, as well as its fundamental role in the culture of these three nations.
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Greek loanwords in Bulgarian constitute a significant share of the total number of foreign words in it. In some Bulgarian dialects the number of Greek words, in comparison with other foreign lexemes, is larger owing to the proximity of these vernaculars to those of Greek, and also due to the historical and cultural processes transpiring in Bulgarian lands in the past. In a considerable number of Greek words that have entered the Rhodopi vernaculars semantic changes have occurred. There also are loan words that have preserved the central meaning they have in the source language. Depending on the semantic characteristics of Greek loan words in the Rhodopi vernaculars, three main groups can be differentiated: a) words where no change in meaning has occurred, b) words that have acquired new meaning, and c) new words that are derivatives of lexemes from the former two groups. The study also traces penetration routes of Greek words in the Rhodopi vernaculars. The frequency of use of loan words is analysed in a diachronic aspect.
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Wine in China has a long history which can be traced back to about 4000 BC to the period of the Neolithic Yangshao culture. In 1979 archaeologists excavated a grave of the Dawenkou culture in Shandong Province where they found a set of about 100 wine making vessels from 5000 years ago, including vessels for wine boiling, fermentation, storing and drinking. After issuing of the first anti-wine regulation in the Chinese history from the first ruler of the Western Zhou (1046–771), from the period of the Han dynasty wine industry registered a boom. Under the Sui and the Tang dynasties, wine making continued to develop, private production was no longer limited and ordinary people could make and sell wine freely.
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When it comes to history, the world of legal discourse in post-1989 transitions within Eastern and Central Europe turns into a unique laboratory of transformations that impact how political and legal systems engage sociocultural adaptations, political rhetoric (discourse) and the notion of audience/publics under novel understandings of national and international history in the area. Such public arena of new European democracies has experienced a wide range of political and legal transitions of official vocabularies, from reminiscent post-World War II or later Soviet – style official rhetoric to nuanced authoritarian and national socialist discourse, into the more fluid democratically aligned linguistic and cultural vocabularies of national identity. It is within this context of political and legal change this essay is situated in order to examine some challenges that legal vocabularies and policymaking process carry in this transformative era. The research question for this essay does not focus on which words or which vocabularies get to be featured within the changes of legal discourse from communist to post-communist era. Rather, the study examines intends some of the critical-cultural perspectives that delineate legitimacy of post-1989 public and official discourse, taking into account how vocabularies carry within word-usage culturally-embedded arguments that inhabit discourse of political, legal, and democratic action.
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An abridged version of the Slavonic Scaliger Patericon is shown to be copied both from Cyrillic and Glagolitic antigraphs; the same circumstance is observed in the translations of the Scete Patericon and Athanasius of Alexandria’s Homilies Against the Arians. Twofold transmission makes it possible to contrast the features of copying from Glagolitic with those of copying from Cyrillic.
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Emancipace sémiotického prostoru undergroundu v knize-artefaktu Pavla Zajíčka
The article explores the formative period of the Czech underground in the mid 1970s as portrayed by a lesser known book Mařenická kniha by Pavel Zajíček. It presents its distinct point of view of the whole process and draws basic comparison with other influential ways in which underground’s semiotic space was being described.The article explores the formative period of the Czech underground in the mid 1970s as portrayed by a lesser known book Mařenická kniha by Pavel Zajíček. It presents its distinct point of view of the whole process and draws basic comparison with other influential ways in which underground’s semiotic space was being described.
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In an era of global connectivity, language and literature education faces the challenge of navigating multilingualism, cultural diversity, and technological advancements. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities in language and literature education in the era of global connectivity. Through a qualitative research approach, interviews, focus group discussions, and classroom observations were conducted with 30 Arts and Sciences students and teachers. The findings reveal significant themes related to cultural diversity, multilingualism, and the integration of technology in language learning. The study emphasizes the importance of inclusive pedagogies, critical thinking development, and the incorporation of authentic and diverse literary works. Recommendations are provided for educators and policymakers to promote intercultural understanding and enhance language and literature education. The limitations of the study suggest areas for future research, including long-term language proficiency and diverse contextual considerations. Overall, this paper calls for ongoing innovation and collaboration to meet the evolving needs of language and literature education in an interconnected world.
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