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Vzťah viedenského dvora ku kláštoru sv. Alžbety v Prešporku (Bratislave)

Vzťah viedenského dvora ku kláštoru sv. Alžbety v Prešporku (Bratislave)

Author(s): Tomáš Králik / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Potridentské ženské rehole sú také náboženské spoločenstvá založené po roku 1500, ktorých regula alebo stanovy dostali defi nitívnu podobu po tridentskom koncile (1562). Začiatkom 17. storočia nastala v katolíckych krajinách západnej Európy tzv. „úžasná invázia konventov“. V priebehu troch - štyroch desaťročí vznikali v mestách malé náboženské komunity, ktoré si dávali za cieľ službu Bohu a blížnemu. Masívny prílev mladých ľudí, ktorí vstupovali do nových spoločností, sa tradične vysvetľoval spoločenskými tlakmi, túžbou uniknúť pred „zlým svetom“ a všeobecnou úzkosťou. Elisabeth Rapleyová však berie do úvahy aj entuziazmus a zmysel pre poslanie – „apoštolát“. Po celej kresťanskej Európe sa objavujú brožúry pojednávajúce o zbožnosti, ktoré sa stávali dostupnými v „dobrých“ mestských rodinách. V uliciach a na rozličných verejných priestranstvách sa prihovárali obyvateľom mesta kazatelia, ktorí ich zoznamovali s novými prejavmi zbožnosti. Rovnako v spovedniciach dochádzalo k veľkým obráteniam a prijímaniu zásadných rozhodnutí. Pierre de l‘Estoile vo svojich memoároch v roku 1606 napísal: „To nebolo predtým bežné v Paríži a kdekoľvek inde, že by synovia a dcéry z dobrých rodín – muži i ženy veľkých kvalít – opúšťali svoje domovy a vstupovali do týchto reholí.“ Nové konventy na začiatku 17. storočia menili celkový ráz miest v celej katolíckej časti Európy. V kedysi moslimskom meste Cordóba v Španielsku pribudli v priebehu 17. storočia tri mužské rehole, ktoré doplnili už sedem, existujúcich od začiatku novoveku. Vo Francúzsku hnutie nabralo také rozmery, že nárast počtu konventov vyvolával až nevôľu obyvateľov miest. Poslanci parlamentu v Rouane sa sťažovali, že „za 20-30 rokov vstúpilo do mesta toľko rozličných mníšok, že prevýšili počtom tie, ktoré tu pôsobia už roky.“ Bolo bežné, že rehole s podobnými „charizmami“ navzájom súperili o priazeň jednotlivých miest, pričom sa neštítili ani vzájomného očerňovania.

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Magic and Demonology in Albert Szenci Molnár’s Personal Commonplace Book

Magic and Demonology in Albert Szenci Molnár’s Personal Commonplace Book

Author(s): Márton Szentpéteri / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Albert Szenci Molnár (1574-1634) is one of the most popular and frequently researched 17th century Reformed intellectuals for contemporary scholars of Hungarian studies. No doubt, this eminent position in early modern intellectual history has a lot to do with Szenci Molnár’s own techniques of self-fashioning especially present in his often autobiographically inspired forewords to his works or in his diary kept in a personal manuscript-book together with his hitherto unpublished Loci communes among others. One of the most important aspects of this self-fashioning could be regarded as a Johannes Piscator-type project of reducing the intellectual interest to ‘universal Bible studies’ consisting of the preparation of dictionaries, grammars, revised Bible editions, psalm-paraphrases and catechisms in the vernacular instead of dealing with philosophy in general including ‘philosophia naturalis’ as well.

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Servants of the Devil in Krupina

Servants of the Devil in Krupina

Author(s): Milan Majtán / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The flames of the Holy Inquisition illuminated the Christian Middle Ages. Faith in God could not exist without belief in the infernal powers. An irreconcilable and cruel battle with the devil and with people accused of making a pact with him and recognizing him as their supreme lord in place of God had to support faith and obedience. Flames and stakes with heretics, witches and other servants of the devil blazed across Europe. The ecclesiastical and secular authorities used them to get rid of inconvenient people, but especially they evoked fear and terror towards their power. Anybody could be accused. Torture easily forced confessions of such acts that human reason cannot believe. The former Kingdom of Hungary was no exception, although the witch-hunts here were organized later and did not reach the same dimensions as in Western Europe. In the region of present Slovakia, they tried, tortured, beheaded and burnt witches in Bratislava, Komárno, Šamorín, Trenčín, Trnava, Štítnik and other towns. The former free royal borough of Krupina in Slovakia holds the sad record for the number of trials, convictions and executions of victims. Witches were still burnt there in 1741 and inquisitors appointed by the magistrates in 1744 questioned a woman accused of witchcraft.

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Witch-Hunt in Szeged in the Early Eighteenth Century

Witch-Hunt in Szeged in the Early Eighteenth Century

Author(s): István Petrovics / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

At the very beginning I would like to make two remarks. Firstly, the paper is rather a case study than a theoretical or a typological approach to witchcraft. Secondly: I am deeply convinced that the witch trials at Szeged can only be understood properly if their discussion is placed into the context of the history of the town. Therefore in the first part of my paper I am going to deal with the urban development of Szeged.

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Elements of Magical – Medicinal Practice. The Position of the Witch and Wizard in Slovakia

Elements of Magical – Medicinal Practice. The Position of the Witch and Wizard in Slovakia

Author(s): Katarína Nádaská,Martina Sekulová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Magic is an independent phenomenon accompanying humanity in its development from the earliest times to the present, and it still has its special place in our present-day consumer society. In the earliest stages of human development, it was part of religious ceremonies, rituals and ideas, but also of the early foundations of science and knowledge of the surrounding world. However, we must sceptically state that the origin of magic is unclear. Various researchers associate magic with the oldest religious systems, in which faith in the existence of ambivalent forces changing various objects comes to the fore. Expert literature uses the Melanesian term mana for the higher transforming force. According to Vladimír Scheufler, magic is faith in an ambivalent power, which initiated individuals, that is magicians, can control with certain specific actions or words, either for good in the case of white magic or evil in the case of black magic. The actual basis of magic is faith in the possibility to influence the course of the world, but also people, animals and the spiritual world using supernatural forces. We can state that we find magic in essence to a larger or smaller extent in all the higher religious systems. For example, from the point of view of general religious studies, the celebration of Holy Mass and the Christian sacraments as well as prayer are magic acts. Magic often overlaps with psychotronic acts and there it is relatively frequent to change one into the other.

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The Mediation of Poisoning. Magic Embedded in Everyday Medical Knowledge

The Mediation of Poisoning. Magic Embedded in Everyday Medical Knowledge

Author(s): Emese Bálint / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

For depicting one form of magic knowledge in the sixteenth century, I will use a case study to show how health, illness and healing were understood in the past, how people perceived their own bodies, and how they communicated bad conditions to others. The starting point of my presentation is a trial record from 1572, which I found in the Romanian State Archives in Cluj (Kolozsvár/Klausenburg). A woman brought the case to the court and accused her son-in-law, a barber, of poisoning his wife, the woman’s daughter. Analysing the witnesses’ depositions, I show that understanding the cause, nature and meaning of illness illustrates not only the medical pluralism of the past, but implies complex social rituals involving family and community as well.

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Incantations in Medical Advice and Recipes from 16th to 18th Centuries

Incantations in Medical Advice and Recipes from 16th to 18th Centuries

Author(s): Jana Skladaná / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In scholarly literature incantations are defined as set verbal units or phrases expressing superstitions that according to popular beliefs were thought to have a real effect. Incantations are probably the oldest folkloric expressions. Their origin dates far back to the Pre-Christian period. One of the earliest illustrations of their practice can be found in Persian sources. Incantations stemmed from primordial conscience according to which word and action were identical and through them one could make one’s wishes come true. Incantations are much older than prayers. They formed the basis of magical healing, love magic, driving away storms, fires and evil powers; they were part of wishes, carols and other ritual verbal expressions. Incantations differ from prayers in that that one is trying to reach the result directly, while prayer has only a mediating function, representing a link between man and God, an appeal with which a man turns to God awaiting fulfilment of his supplication. The older types of prayers used some elements of incantations. For example prayers against fever, for a good harvest and so on, in which the older pattern was only formally adjusted to the Christian ideas. For example, the person saying an incantation formula in its introductory and final part would stress that he is acting in the name of God, and there were various insertions, such as not with my, but with the help of God and so on.

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Thurzovci a počiatky reformácie

Thurzovci a počiatky reformácie

Author(s): Zoltán Csepregi / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Pri vzostupe thurzovského rodu patria prvé desaťročia 16. storočia ku kľúčovému obdobiu. Z generácie príslušníkov rodu tohto obdobia pochádzajú hneď traja humanistickí biskupi: Ján Thurzo, vratislavský (Wrocław), Stanislav Thurzo, olomoucký a Žigmund Thurzo, veľkovaradínsky (Oradea) biskup. Toto obdobie rodu tvorí významné ohnivko v reťazci medzi meštiansko-podnikateľským životným štýlom, charakteristickým pre 15. storočie a veľkostatkársko-aristokratickým spôsobom života, ktorý začal súčasne s kariérou Alexeja Thurzu. Je zrejmé, že thurzovskí chlapci nedostali svoje prelátske stolce len vďaka svojim osobným kvalitám, ale predovšetkým hospodárskym úspechom svojich rodičov a ich politickému vplyvu, predsa však zostáva faktom, že vo svojich vysokých pozíciách obstáli veľmi dobre, najmä Stanislav, ktorý sa dožil vysokého veku a svoje biskupstvo riadil zvlášť dlhú dobu. Títo traja biskupi mohli byť ozdobou svojho rodu už len svojím životom, veď boli základnými piliermi nielen uhorsko-českej monarchie Jagelovcov, ale ako preláti olomouckej a vratislavskej cirkevnej provincie – z dôvodu spochybnenia verejnoprávneho statusu Českej Koruny – boli pokladaní za kniežatá aj v Nemecko-rímskej ríši a za pánov svojich provincií, aj keď nedostali priame hlasovacie práva na ríšskych snemoch. Je zrejmé, že ich činnosť stabilizovala pozície rodu a zvyšovala jeho prestíž, a samozrejme, nezištne urovnávala osobné kariéry ich bratov či synovcov.

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Vzťahy olomouckého biskupa Stanislava I. Thurzu s Uhorskom

Vzťahy olomouckého biskupa Stanislava I. Thurzu s Uhorskom

Author(s): Martin Rothkegel / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Dňa 1. februára 1526, necelý polrok pred bitkou pri Moháči, napísal Jakob Piso, sedmohradský humanista a vychovávateľ na budínskom dvore (zomrel 1527), list svojmu starému priateľovi z čias spoločných štúdií v Taliansku, Erazmovi Rotterdamskému. V srdečnom liste Piso opisuje rozhovor s vratislavským biskupom Jánom IV. Thurzom a jeho bratom Stanislavom, biskupom v Olomouci, ku ktorému došlo niekoľko rokov predtým, počas návštevy oboch bratov na Budínskom hrade: „Pred ôsmimi rokmi, keď som ešte býval v kráľovskom paláci, prišli ma raz obaja navštíviť, ako je zvykom medzi učencami. Na stole ležalo zopár tvojich kníh (už neviem, ktoré to boli). A kým v nich listovali a podrobnejšie si ich pozerali, odrazu sa obaja súčasne spýtali, aký názor mám na Erazma. Ich otázky boli ešte naliehavejšie, keď zistili, že som s tebou kedysi strávil veľa času. O tom som im nielen porozprával, ale ukázal som im aj list, ktorý si mi raz poslal zo Sieny do Ríma a ktorý uchovávam ako zlatý klenot. Ten obaja veľadôstojní biskupi nielenže láskali svojimi rukami, ale dokonca aj bozkami, a stále znova ho s najväčšou horlivosťou čítali. Potom už vôbec nebolo ťažké prehovoriť ich, aby sa s tebou pustili do výmeny korešpondencie, čo po nie príliš dlhom čase aj urobili – a to takým veľkorysým spôsobom, aký by som sa im nikdy neopovážil pripisovať, lebo na teba pamätali nielen listami ale aj najrozmanitejšími darmi.“

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Levočská základina Thurzovcov

Levočská základina Thurzovcov

Author(s): Tünde Katona / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

V jednom z najvýznamnejších centier nemecky hovoriaceho obyvateľstva Uhorska, v hlavnom meste Spiša – Levoči, sa počas dlhých desaťročí 16. a 17. storočia podrobne zaznamenávali výdaje a príjmy mestského hospodárenia. Vedúci funkcionári hospodársky, politicky a kultúrne vplyvného slobodného kráľovského mesta, ktoré sa už v polovici 16. storočia pokladalo za luteránske, viac ako deväť desaťročí precízne a zodpovedne viedli aj záznamy v tzv. Testamentbuch-u. Išlo o záležitosť miestneho významu, v ktorom hrali hlavnú úlohu zbožné hľadiská a rôzne zmluvne zakotvené povinnosti, a samozrejme, aj dobre chápané verejné záujmy. Tento unikátny prameň poskytuje osobitý pohľad na každodennosť ranonovovekého mesta, o fungovaní sociálnych a charitatívnych štruktúr, pričom tieto informácie majú väčší dosah než odraz vtedajšieho „dneška“. Ide o zvláštny doklad humanistickej mecenatúry, ktorý vznikol ako posledná vôľa jednej z hospodársky a politicky vysokopostavených osobností Uhorského kráľovstva, a ktorý si mestský magistrát prispôsobil svojim potrebám.

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Hospodárske pomery na thurzovských panstvách na prelome 16. a 17. storočia

Hospodárske pomery na thurzovských panstvách na prelome 16. a 17. storočia

Author(s): Tünde Lengyelová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Pre rod Thurzovcov, ktorý je mimoriadne bohatý na výnimočných ľudí, je charakteristickou vlastnosťou ekonomický talent. Vďaka nemu sa rod vyšvihol a celkom netradičnou cestou – dočasným opustením šľachtického stavu a prechodom k meštianstvu a potom opäť návratom do šľachtického stavu, ale už do aristokracie – sa dostal na najvyššie posty a v niekoľkých generáciách sa podieľal na politickej a hospodárskej správe krajiny. Okrem toho desať členov rodu a jedna žena boli županmi v stoliciach Pest-Pilišskej, Nitrianskej, Trenčianskej, Oravskej, Šarišskej a Spišskej. Okrem výkonu vysokých štátnických funkcií však spravovali aj svoje súkromné majetky a panstvá, od prosperovania ktorých závisela aj ich vlastná prosperita. V príspevku sa zameriame na panstvá a hospodárenie predposledných a posledných príslušníkov thurzovského rodu, ktorí žili a spravovali svoje majetky v prvej tretine 17. storočia, najmä na palatínov Juraja a Stanislava Thurzu a ich dedičov.

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Dvorské poriadky na thurzovskom a esterházyovskom dvore

Dvorské poriadky na thurzovskom a esterházyovskom dvore

Author(s): Diana Duchoňová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Obdobie 16. a 17. storočia vnieslo do uhorskej spoločnosti nové impulzy v politickej, duchovnej, ale aj kultúrnej rovine. Medzi ne patrila aj sociálna disciplinizácia, ktorá spolu s centralizáciou a inštitucionalizáciou spoločenských štruktúr viedla k formovaniu absolutistického štátu. Jej duchovnými nositeľmi boli elity krajín, vďaka ktorým môžeme hovoriť o tzv. vertikálnej sociálnej disciplinizácii, ale ako je nižšie uvedené, nešlo len o jednosmerné presadzovanie záujmov zhora nadol.

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“Our daily crime” seen through the letters and notes of Venetian government representatives in the communes of Brač and Omiš (16th – 18th c.)
4.90 €

“Our daily crime” seen through the letters and notes of Venetian government representatives in the communes of Brač and Omiš (16th – 18th c.)

Author(s): Lovorka Čoralić / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The central topic of the paper is focused on research of material from the archival series Capi del Consiglio de’ Dieci: Lettere di Rettori e di altre cariche (Archivio di Stato di Venezia) which contains letters, notes, and reports written by Venetian government representatives in the communes of Brač and Omiš for the Venetian Council of Ten from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century. The research is focused on the prevalence of offenses, incidents, and crimes in the stated material and, considering the historical circumstances and difference in development of those two communes, a comparative analysis of examples by their categories (minor offenses, exiles, verbal incidents, physical violence, murders, etc.) has been made.

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Prilog poznavanju socioekonomskoga razvoja ivanečkoga i viničkoga kraja (prostora nekadašnjega Gornjeg polja) u srednjem i ranom novom vijeku
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Prilog poznavanju socioekonomskoga razvoja ivanečkoga i viničkoga kraja (prostora nekadašnjega Gornjeg polja) u srednjem i ranom novom vijeku

Author(s): Hrvoje Petrić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

This article provides a contribution to the understanding of the socio-economic development of the areas which gravitated to the market towns of Ivanec and Vinica in the period of the Middle Ages and the early modern period, and in those periods this area was known as Gornje polje. Special emphasis is given to various demographic indicators. The author has tried to reconstruct the connections of the socio-economic developments with central functions of the each settlement. Hence, he argues that the main central settlement of that area in the earlier period was Vinica, but the central functions of the settlement were also shared with Ivanec and Lepoglava. It was not before the end of the 18th century, when the Pauline monastery in Lepoglava was abolished, when this settlement has lost most of its central functions. Moreover, it was in the beginning of 19th century when the city of Ivanec had, for the first time, more inhabitants than Vinica, and it was in that period when Ivanec has become the main central settlement of that area as it is today. Central settlements of the lower level in the period of the Late Middle Ages and the early modern period were centres of Roman Catholic parishes such are Križovljan, Voća, Maruševec, Bela (Margečan), Višnjica, Kamenica and Bednja. After the reforms of the Joseph II Habsburg of 1789, these settlements were accompanied by Nadkrižovljan, Cvetlin i Klenovnik.

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Značaj i sudbina pakračke utvrde kroz povijest
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Značaj i sudbina pakračke utvrde kroz povijest

Author(s): Vijoleta Herman Kaurić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Pakrac castle was firstly mentioned in 1278 as castrum s. Joannis, and in that time it was ruled by frater Hugo, the preceptor of the Order of St. John. This castle had massive walls and impressive defensive turrets, and by the opinion of the experts it was constructed most likely in the 12th century. Although there are not so many historical records, one can argue that Pakrac castle was erected by the Templars. In the period from 1256 to 1260 there was even mint situated in it. The Pakrac castle was a part of the Priory of Vrana until this priory has been abolished in 1541. In that period it was governed by the most influential persons of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia such as John of Paližna, the Talovac brothers, Nicholas of Zrin. This impressive stronghold had key role in the defense of the Croatian lands against the Ottoman raids, and later, when it was conquered, in the defense of the Ottoman Empire. After the liberation of the area from the Ottoman rule, Pakrac castle became the center of the Pakrac estate, and the castle itself was more used in the economic purposes than in the military ones. Nevertheless, military contingent stayed in the castle until 1750 when they moved into nearby Trenk’s castle. Hence, the Pakrac castle finally lost its military usage. In the later period the main building of the castle was residence of the bailiff of the Pakrac estate, while the turrets were used as the ice storage. In the end of 1877 the owner of the old castle became the Serbian Orthodox Parish of Pakrac, but for them the old castle had no purpose and it was left to decay. Even more, the new owner asked in 1909 for permission to demolish it, but it was postponed after the intervention of the Provincial Government. Nevertheless, it was partly demolished in 1922, just to be totally demolished in the following year.

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Visoko i okolina u vrijeme Osmanske vladavine: upravna organizacija, konfesionalne, demografske i privredne prilike

Visoko i okolina u vrijeme Osmanske vladavine: upravna organizacija, konfesionalne, demografske i privredne prilike

Author(s): Aladin Husić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Još od kraja 14. stoljeća osmanske trupe počele su se pojavljivati u Bosni. Prvi akindžijski upadi u sklopu šire strategije na jugoistoku Evrope bili su usmjereni na Hercegovinu. Posljednjih godina 14. stoljeća (1392) zabilježeni su upadi i ka samom središtu, na područje Glasinca. Njihovo kasnije prisustvo u Bosni bilo je uvjetovano ne samo unutarnjim prilikama u samoj Bosni nego i u njenom užem i širem okruženju, posebno kada je Bosna postala prostor sučeljavanja interesa dviju sila, Ugarske i Osmanskog carstva u prvoj polovini 15. stoljeća. To je rezultiralo čestim osmanskim prisustvom u Bosni. Tako su se odnosi Bosne i Osmanskog carstva odvijali od otvorene konfrontacije do savezništva s nekim od aktera na bosanskoj povijesnoj sceni. Povremeno savezništvo započelo je još u vrijeme Sandalja Hranića koji je, prema izvještajima 1411. godine, držao osmanske najamničke odrede od 7.000 vojnika.

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Običaji i predaje visočkog kraja

Običaji i predaje visočkog kraja

Author(s): Mehmed Kardaš,Mubera Pulo,Đenana Ganić,Habiba Efendira-Čehić,Mirna Malić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Padom srednjovjekovne bosanske države Visoko gubi status političkog i kulturnog centra i ostvaruje se u okvirima orijentalno-islamske civilizacije, koja će u narednim stoljećima u velikoj mjeri odrediti privredni, društveni i kulturni razvoj, ali i običaje i tradiciju stanovnika ovog kraja. Rani primjeri prihvatanja islama ujedno svjedoče i o procesu prihvatanja drugog kulturnog svjetonazora, ali će i pripadnost drugim konfesionalnim grupacijama odigrati podjednako značajnu ulogu u očuvanju tradicije i običaja kroz osmansko razdoblje. Premda se proces izrastanja Visokog u naselje islamsko-orijentalnog tipa do početka XVII stoljeća intenzivno nastavlja, što će biti presudno za većinsku konfesionalnu grupaciju – muslimansku, tradicijske i običajne odlike pravoslavnog, katoličkog i jevrejskog stanovništva neće u znatnijoj mjeri biti izmijenjene u novim društvenim odnosima. Zapravo, vjerska komponenta ponajviše će biti čuvarom tradicionalnih modela ponašanja pa se, u skladu s tim, običaji, usmena tradicija, ali i svekolika kultura stanovnika ovog kraja, koja vuče korijene iz osmanskog perioda, najbolje ogleda u svjetlu konfesionalne pripadnosti.

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Zaniklé židovské obce. Bílina, Sobědruhy, Duchcov
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Zaniklé židovské obce. Bílina, Sobědruhy, Duchcov

Author(s): Kvìtoslava Kocourková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The Jewish communities in the Teplice and Duchcov districts were significant in the early 20th century, with Teplice having the largest community. Despite facing challenges, including the Great Depression and World War II, these communities maintained their cultural and religious practices. The Teplice synagogue and Jewish ghetto were destroyed, but the community's legacy persists through historical records. The Jewish community in Duchcov, although smaller, also played a vital role in the region's history. The Sobědruhy community, formed by families expelled from Teplice, had a strong presence and contributed to the local economy. The Jewish cemetery in Sobědruhy, established in the late 17th century, remains a significant historical site.

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Židé ve Starém Městě pod Landštejnem
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Židé ve Starém Městě pod Landštejnem

Author(s): Blanka Rozkošná / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The Jewish community in Staré Město pod Landštejnem dates back to at least the early 17th century, with the first recorded mention in 1495. The community faced significant challenges, including property confiscation and persecution during the Nazi occupation. Despite these hardships, the community's legacy is preserved through historical records and ongoing research efforts. The synagogue and cemetery in Staré Město, although damaged, remain important cultural and historical sites. The Jewish population in the town declined significantly after World War II, with many families emigrating or being deported. The community's history is documented through various records, including census data and property registers, providing valuable insights into the Jewish presence in the region.

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Využití pramenů k dějinám chrudimských židů. Nástin demografického vývoje
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Využití pramenů k dějinám chrudimských židů. Nástin demografického vývoje

Author(s): Alžběta Langová,Renáta Růžičková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The document provides a brief overview of the history of the Jewish community in Chrudim, emphasizing the sources used for research and the potential for further study. It traces the presence of Jews in Chrudim back to 1254, when King Přemysl Otakar II granted them the right to settle in royal towns. The earliest written record of Jews in Chrudim dates to 1511, and the community faced various challenges, including restrictions on trade and settlement. Despite these obstacles, Jews in Chrudim engaged in financial transactions and trade with local residents. The document also highlights the impact of the Holocaust on the Jewish community, with many members being deported to concentration camps. Post-war efforts to document and preserve the history of the Jewish community in Chrudim are also discussed, including the reconstruction of the Jewish cemetery and the identification of individuals buried there. The study underscores the importance of understanding the historical context and the contributions of the Jewish community to the town's development.

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